Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| rediocides b-e, potent insecticides from trigonostemon reidioides. | four new congeners, rediocides b-e (2-5), of the previously reported rediocide a (1) were isolated from a methanol extract of the roots of the plant trigonostemon reidioides. the structures of these minor analogues were elucidated by comparison of their nmr and mass spectral data with those of rediocide a and confirmed by extensive 2d nmr spectral analysis. they all possess potent activity against fleas (ctenocephalides felis) in an artificial membrane feeding system and exhibited ld(90) values ... | 2004 | 14987064 |
| isolation, characterization, and recombinant expression of multiple serpins from the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis. | several clones encoding serine protease inhibitors were isolated from larval and adult flea cdna expression libraries by immunoscreening and pcr amplification. each cdna contained an open reading frame encoding a protein of approximately 45 kda, which had significant sequence similarity with the serpin family of serine protease inhibitors. the thirteen cdna clones isolated to date encode serpin proteins, which share a primary structure that includes a nearly identical constant region of about 36 ... | 2004 | 15027074 |
| identification of two cdnas encoding synaptic vesicle protein 2 (sv2)-like proteins from epithelial tissues in the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis. | two distinct cdnas that appear to encode proteins in the synaptic vesicle-2 (sv2) family were identified as expressed sequence tags from a ctenocephalides felis hindgut and malpighian tubule (hmt) cdna library. to date, sv2 proteins have been described only in vertebrates, and have been detected only in synaptic vesicles in neuronal and endocrine tissues, where they are thought to regulate synaptic vesicle exocytosis. the cdnas for the c. felis sv2-like proteins svlp-1 and svlp-2 encode predicte ... | 2004 | 15157223 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xliv. fleas (insecta: siphonaptera: pulicidae) collected from 15 carnivore species. | fleas were collected from 61 wild carnivores belonging to 13 species in various nature reserves and on farms, two feral domestic cats in a nature reserve and a domestic dog in the city of johannesburg. eleven flea species, including two subspecies of one of these, belonging to six genera were recovered. amongst these only ctenocephalides felis felis and ctenocephalides felis strongylus are considered specific parasites of carnivores. the remaining ten species normally infest the prey animals of ... | 2004 | 15185570 |
| effects of a new insect growth regulator, cga-255'728, on the different stages of the cat flea (siphonaptera: pulicidae). | a new juvenile hormone mimic cca-255'728, developed by novartis, was tested for its efficacy on different life stages of the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis (bouché). the compound was mixed in bovine blood at concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 ppb and fed to adult fleas using an artificial membrane system. less than 7% of the eggs from fleas fed 10 and 100 ppb hatched, compared with >70% hatch in eggs laid by control fleas or fleas fed 1 ppb. histological studies demonstrated that approximately 50 ... | 2000 | 15218918 |
| pathogen carriage by the cat flea ctenocephalides felis (bouché) in the united kingdom. | the carriage of bartonella, rickettsia felis and haemoplasma species was investigated in cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) collected from 121 cats and dogs in the united kingdom. dna extracted from fleas was analysed using genus and species-specific pcr and amplicons were characterised using dna sequencing. fifty percent of flea samples were pcr positive for at least one pathogen. twenty one percent were positive for r. felis, 17% for bartonella henselae, 40% for haemoplasma species and 20% were ... | 2004 | 15327793 |
| molecular phylogeny of isolates of ctenocephalides felis and related species based on analysis of its1, its2 and mitochondrial 16s rdna sequences and random binding primers. | the phylogenetic relationships among 31 different flea isolates representing seven different species were studied by nucleotide sequence comparison of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (its1), internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) and/or mitochondrial 16s ribosomal rna gene (mt16s-rdna) to examine the patterns of variation. results show that all regions are useful in discriminating among flea species. in ctenocephalides felis and tunga penetrans, some differences in these gene regions occurred am ... | 2004 | 15340839 |
| efficacy of fipronil/(s)-methoprene combination spot-on for dogs against shed eggs, emerging and existing adult cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis, bouché). | the inhibitory activities of fipronil (10% (w/v) solution), (s)-methoprene (9% (w/v) solution), and fipronil/(s)-methoprene (10 and 9% (w/v) solution, respectively) combination against eggs and emerging adult cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) and adulticidal activity were tested on experimentally infested dogs. thirty-two beagle dogs were selected for this study and eight replicates of four animals were formed based on body weight within sex. one dog in each replicate was randomly allocated to t ... | 2004 | 15482895 |
| identification of bartonella species in rodents, shrews and cats in denmark: detection of two b. henselae variants, one in cats and the other in the long-tailed field mouse. | small mammals and stray cats were trapped in two areas of north zealand, denmark, and their blood cultured for hemotrophic bacteria. bacterial isolates were recovered in pure culture and subjected to 16s rdna gene sequencing. bartonella species were isolated from five mammalian species: b. grahamii from microtus agrestis (field vole) and apodemus flavicollis (yellow-necked field mouse); b. taylorii from m. agrestis, a. flavicollis and a. sylvaticus (long-tailed field mouse); b. tribocorum from a ... | 2004 | 15511270 |
| identification of mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in the para-type sodium channel of the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis. | knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroid insecticides is caused by point mutations in the pyrethroid target site, the para-type sodium channel of nerve membranes. this most commonly involves alterations within the domain ii (s4-s6) region of the channel protein where five different mutation sites have been identified across a range of insect species. to investigate the incidence of this mechanism in cat fleas, we have cloned and sequenced the iis4-iis6 region of the para sodium channel gene from ... | 2004 | 15544944 |
| identification of the rdl mutation in laboratory and field strains of the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis (siphonaptera: pulicidae). | in many insect species, resistance to cyclodiene insecticides is caused by amino acid substitutions at a single residue (a302) within the m2 transmembrane region of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) receptor sub-unit termed rdl (resistance to dieldrin). these mutations (a302s and a302g) have also been shown to confer varying levels of cross-resistance to fipronil, a phenylpyrazole insecticide with a similar mode of action to cyclodienes. to investigate the possible occurrence of these mutations ... | 2004 | 15578595 |
| seasonal allergic dermatitis in sheep associated with ctenocephalides and culicoides bites. | the clinical, epidemiological and histopathological findings of two pruritic dermatites in sheep in israel are described. the first type of dermatitis affected mainly young animals with lesions predominantly on the legs. it occurred from march to november, with a peak in june. the second type affected animals of all ages and was mainly on the ventrum. it was sporadic but occurred throughout the year with a peak in october. the morbidity rate of this syndrome reached 4.3% in one flock. the histop ... | 2004 | 15585013 |
| use of a mathematical model to study the dynamics of ctenocephalides felis populations in the home environment and the impact of various control measures. | the biology of fleas has been studied by a number of authors, as has the impact of various types of control measures. however, there are no mathematical models simulating the dynamics of a population of ctenocephalides felis felis fleas on their host (the cat) and in their close environment (apartment). the model presented in this paper allows for integration of the numerous biological and behavioural parameters of the parasites and their hosts and for the variation of these same parameters. the ... | 2004 | 15638140 |
| [bartonellosis: emerging infection]. | the spectrum of bartonella infections in humans shows a constant increase. the number of bartonella species responsible of zoonoses has increased from one to 7 during the past ten years. in addition numerous orphan clinical manifestations are now associated to bartonella henselae infections. animals and particularly domestic cat are the main reservoirs of bartonella. cats are healthy carriers of b. henselae and b. clarridgeiae, and can be bacteremic for months to years. cat-to-cat transmission o ... | 2004 | 15673067 |
| a review of bacterial pathogens in ctenocephalides felis in new zealand. | the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, is the recognised vector of bartonella henselae, b. clarridgeiae and rickettsia felis. although these gram-negative bacteria were only described in the last decade, they are already known to cause a variety of diseases in people, particularly children and the immunosuppressed. such diseases include cat-scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, endocarditis, bacteraemia, encephalopathy, neuroretinitis, osteomyelitis and peliosis hepatis. although most infection ... | 2004 | 15768135 |
| advances in the control of ctenocephalides felis (cat flea) on cats and dogs. | cat fleas are the most important ectoparasite of cats and dogs worldwide. during the past ten years, topical and oral applications of insecticides such as fipronil, imidacloprid, lufenuron and, most recently, selamectin have revolutionized cat-flea control. recent studies show that these therapies eliminate the need to treat indoor and outdoor environments, and their use markedly reduces the severity and prevalence of flea allergic dermatitis. surveys have yet to reveal the development of insect ... | 2005 | 15837612 |
| fleas parasitizing domestic dogs in georgia, usa: species composition and seasonal abundance. | monthly flea collections were made from domestic dogs in bulloch county, georgia, usa from september 1996 to august 2004. a total of 2518 fleas belonging to 8 species were collected. the most common flea was the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis (389 males and 1148 females), followed by the dog flea, ctenocephalides canis (250 males and 285 females), a generalist/carnivore flea, pulex simulans (106 males and 213 females), and a sticktight flea, echidnophaga gallinacea (3 males and 89 females). sma ... | 2005 | 15893082 |
| disposition of 3h-selamectin and 3h-ivermectin in the brain of the cat flea ctenocephalides felis felis using micro-image analysis. | in addition to intrinsic potency and metabolic stability, the disposition of an antiparasitic drug within the target parasite plays a major role in determining drug activity. a novel technique that allows the disposition of radiolabelled drugs to be visualised within the body of the cat flea (ctenocephalides felis felis) is described. the concentrations of two macrocyclic lactones, (3)h-selamectin and (3)h-ivermectin, within the supra- and sub-oesophageal ganglia of the flea brain following in v ... | 2005 | 15941623 |
| evaluation of experimental transmission of candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum and mycoplasma haemofelis by ctenocephalides felis to cats. | to determine whether ctenocephalides felis can transmit mycoplasma haemofelis (mhf) and candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum (mhm) through hematophagous activity between cats. | 2005 | 16008224 |
| a survey of cats and dogs for fleas: with particular reference to their role as intermediate hosts of dipylidium caninum. | three species of fleas, viz. ctenocephalides felis, ctenocephalides canis, and pulex irritans were found in an examination of 81 cats and 48 dogs in wellington. c. felis was the most prevalent flea in cats, and c. canis predominated in dogs. it is speculated that c. felis, and its primary host the cat, may assume greater medical and veterinary significance than c. canis. in an examination of 1578 fleas for cysticercoids of the dog tapeworm, dipylidium caninum, all were found negative. these resu ... | 1984 | 16031050 |
| determining a diagnostic dose for imidacloprid susceptibility testing of field-collected isolates of cat fleas (siphonaptera: pulicidae). | the susceptibility of four laboratory strains of cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis (bouche), to imidacloprid was determined by three different laboratories, by using a standardized bioassay protocol. the probit lines generated by the different laboratories were very similar, with lc50 values ranging from 0.32 to 0.81 ppm. based on these data, a diagnostic dose (dd) of 3 ppm imidacloprid in larval rearing media was provisionally identified for detecting shifts in tolerance, possibly as a consequen ... | 2005 | 16119552 |
| cyp12a4 confers lufenuron resistance in a natural population of drosophila melanogaster. | lufenuron is an insect growth regulator insecticide mainly used for the control of the cat flea. to understand mechanisms of resistance to lufenuron, we have characterized lufenuron resistance in a natural population of drosophila melanogaster. in this study we have used precise genetic mapping to identify a mechanism of lufenuron resistance: the overexpression of the cytochrome p450 gene cyp12a4. cyp12a4 is predicted to encode a mitochondrial cytochrome p450 enzyme. expression of cyp12a4 in d. ... | 2005 | 16120680 |
| rickettsia felis infection rates in an east texas population. | murine typhus (rickettsia typhi), endemic in southern california and south texas, is maintained within a host-vector system consisting of the opossum and cat flea. in the early 1990s, a second rickettsial species, rickettsia felis, was also found to be maintained within the opossum-cat flea system and is, in fact, found more commonly than r. typhi in the opossum and cat flea. recognized as a human pathogen in 1994, r. felis causes an infection that produces symptoms indistinguishable from classi ... | 2005 | 16130886 |
| [zoonotic diseases caused by bacteria of the genus bartonella genus: new reservoirs ? new vectors?]. | domestic animals and wildlife represent a large reservoir for bartonellae, at least eight species or subspecies of which have been reported to cause zoonotic infections. in addition, numerous orphan clinical syndromes are now being attributed to bartonella henselae infection. many mammalian species, including cats, dogs, rodents and ruminants are the main bartonellae reservoirs. cats are the main reservoir for b. henselae. it appears that domestic dogs, at least in non tropical regions, are more ... | 2005 | 16149211 |
| imidacloprid/moxidectin topical solution for the prevention of heartworm disease and the treatment and control of flea and intestinal nematodes of cats. | sixteen controlled laboratory studies, involving 420 kittens and cats, were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topically applied formulations of imidacloprid and moxidectin for the prevention of feline heartworm disease, treatment of flea infestations and treatment and control of intestinal nematodes. unit-dose applicators and the dosing schedule used in these studies were designed to provide a minimum of 10mg imidacloprid and 1mg moxidectin/kg. treatments were applied topically by ... | 2005 | 16198823 |
| transcription of the rickettsia felis ompa gene in naturally infected fleas. | rickettsia felis is maintained transovarially in ctenocephalides felis fleas in a widespread geographic distribution and is transmitted to humans and animals, including opossums. this rickettsia is phylogenetically a member of the spotted fever group, most closely related to rickettsia akari and r. australis. an unusual feature of this rickettsia is that the gene for the outer membrane protein a (ompa) is interrupted by stop codons. to determine if this putatively dying gene is expressed, mrna w ... | 2005 | 16222005 |
| experimental quantification of the feline leukaemia virus in the cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) and its faeces. | cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) were fed via artificial membranes and infected with the feline leukaemia virus (felv) from cell cultures. after removing the fleas from the blood source, the quantity of virus in the flea and its faeces was measured over a defined period of time. the virus was detectable in the fleas for up to 30 h at room temperature and up to 115 h at 4 degrees c. in the faeces, the amount of virus decreased much more slowly--after 2 weeks half of the initial amount of virus c ... | 2005 | 16228264 |
| prevalence of bartonella species, haemoplasma species, ehrlichia species, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and neorickettsia risticii dna in the blood of cats and their fleas in the united states. | ctenocephalides felis were killed and collected from 92 cats in alabama, maryland, and texas. the fleas and blood from the corresponding cat were digested and assessed in polymerase chain reaction assays that amplify dna of ehrlichia species, anaplasma phagocytophilum, neorickettsia risticii, mycoplasma haemofelis, 'candidatus m haemominutum' and bartonella species. dna consistent with b henselae, b clarridgeiae, m haemofelis, or 'candidatus m haemominutum' was commonly amplified from cats (60.9 ... | 2006 | 16290092 |
| comparative speed of kill of selamectin, imidacloprid, and fipronil-(s)-methoprene spot-on formulations against fleas on cats. | the speed of kill of selamectin, imidacloprid, and fipronil-(s)-methoprene against ctenocephalides felis infestations on cats for one month following a single treatment was evaluated. eighty cats were randomly allocated so that there were 20 cats in four different treatment groups. on days -2, 7, 14, 21, and 28, each cat was infested with 100 adult c. felis from the kansas 1 flea strain. following initial application only imidacloprid had caused a significant reduction in adult fleas on treated ... | 2005 | 16299669 |
| prevalence of human pathogens in cat and dog fleas in new zealand. | to provide further information on the prevalence of rickettsia felis, bartonella hensela, and b. clarridgeiae in cat and dog fleas in new zealand and their distribution in the country. | 2005 | 16311612 |
| bartonella quintana and rickettsia felis in gabon. | we detected rickettsia felis dna in ctenocephalides felis and bartonella quintana dna in 3 pulex irritans fleas taken from a pet cercopithecus cephus monkey in gabon, sub-saharan africa. this is the first report of b. quintana in the human flea. | 2005 | 16318727 |
| phylogeny of wolbachia pipientis based on glta, groel and ftsz gene sequences: clustering of arthropod and nematode symbionts in the f supergroup, and evidence for further diversity in the wolbachia tree. | current phylogenies of the intracellular bacteria belonging to the genus wolbachia identify six major clades (a-f), termed 'supergroups', but the branching order of these supergroups remains unresolved. supergroups a, b and e include most of the wolbachiae found thus far in arthropods, while supergroups c and d include most of those found in filarial nematodes. members of supergroup f have been found in arthropods (i.e. termites), and have previously been detected in the nematode mansonella ozza ... | 2005 | 16339946 |
| molecular characterisation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits from the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis (siphonaptera: pulicidae). | as part of a program to monitor the susceptibility of cat flea populations to the insecticide imidacloprid we have examined the cat flea nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, the target site protein of the neonicotinoid group of insecticides. seven nachr subunits (six alpha-type and one beta-type) were identified in cat flea using a degenerate pcr-based strategy. five of these were expressed in vitro by creating chimeras containing the n-terminal ligand-binding domain of the cat flea subunits and th ... | 2006 | 16360954 |
| first detection of rickettsia felis in ctenocephalides felis fleas parasitizing rats in cyprus. | rickettsia felis was identified by polymerase chain reaction amplification and dna sequencing analysis in ctenocephalides felis fleas parasitizing rats in cyprus. murine typhus caused by r. typhi was believed to be the only flea-transmitted rickettsiosis on the island. this is the first report of this pathogen in southeastern europe. | 2006 | 16407355 |
| biological, seasonal and environmental factors associated with pulex irritans infestation of dairy goats in greece. | the objectives of the present study were to study the fauna of fleas infesting dairy goats in greece, the spectrum of hosts each flea species infests, identify risk factors in the environment, and goat management practices that favour flea infestation of goats, and describe the seasonal variation of infestation in goats. for this purpose, a total of 64 herds, with a history of flea infestation in goats, were visited during june and july of 2002 for data collection on flea burdens, species of fle ... | 2006 | 16414195 |
| qualitative and quantitative observations on the flea population dynamics of dogs and cats in several areas of germany. | from an ongoing country-wide study on the spectrum, the epidemiology and the population dynamics of flea infestations in dogs and cats, important preliminary results from the three areas of karlsruhe, nuernberg and leipzig are presented. a total of 1922 dogs and 1838 cats from 12 different veterinary practices or clinics in three areas of germany were systematically examined between july 2003 and june 2004. all dogs and cats appearing for a clinical veterinary consultation on one regular working ... | 2006 | 16442233 |
| attempted transmission of candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum and mycoplasma haemofelis by feeding cats infected ctenocephalides felis. | to determine whether mycoplasma haemofelis (mhf) and candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum (mhm) can be transmitted by ingestion of mycoplasma-infected ctenocephalides felis and by-products (feces, larvae, and eggs). | 2006 | 16506915 |
| comparison of larvicidal, adulticidal and acaricidal activity of two geometrical butylidenephthalide isomers. | insecticidal and acaricidal activities of two geometrical isomers, (e)- and (z)-butylidenephthalide isolated from angelica acutiloba, against larvae and adults of fruit fly (drosophila melanogaster), cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) and house dust mites (dermatophagoides farinae and tyrophagus putrescentiae) were investigated and compared with that of positive controls. (e)- and (z)-butylidenephthalide exhibited 50% lethal concentration (lc50) values of 2.07 and 0.94 micromol/ml of diet concent ... | 2006 | 16508176 |
| patch testing of experimentally sensitized beagle dogs: development of a model for skin lesions of atopic dermatitis. | in humans with atopic dermatitis (ad), the epicutaneous application of allergens (atopy patch tests or apt) to which the patients are sensitized often results in the development of inflammation resembling that of spontaneous skin lesions. dogs are affected with a natural homologue of human ad, but information on the induction of positive patch testing reactions is limited. the objectives of this pilot study were to determine the nature and cellular dynamics of inflammation occurring after apt in ... | 2006 | 16515651 |
| polygenic detection of rickettsia felis in cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) from israel. | the presence of rickettsia felis, an emerging bacterial pathogen, was investigated in 79 cat flea (cteno-cephalides felis) pools from israel (5 to 20 fleas each) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequencing of 5 different genes. amplified targets included both metabolic (glta and fusa) and surface antigen (ompa, ompb, and the 17-kda antigen) genes. r. felis dna was detected in 7.6% of the flea pools. two genotypes similar in their housekeeping gene sequences but markedly different in their ... | 2006 | 16525105 |
| bartonella and rickettsia in fleas and lice from mammals in south carolina, u.s.a. | species in the genera bartonella and rickettsia are vector-borne pathogens of humans and domestic animals. the natural reservoirs and enzootic transmission cycles of these bacteria are poorly known in south carolina. thirteen species of lice and fleas were collected from urban animals and screened for the presence of bartonella and rickettsia by pcr amplification using genus-specific primers. bartonella henselae was present in cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) from virginia opossums (didelphis v ... | 2005 | 16599169 |
| studies on rodents role as reservoir hosts of leishmaniasis with specical reference to their ectoparasites in suez governorate. | the distribution of rodents was studied in three different habitats. seven rodent species were identified: rattus norvegicus, r. alexandrinus, r. frugivorous, mus musculus, acomys russatus, meriones sacramenti and gerbillus pyramidum. the species distribution varied with the habitat type. the highest density of rodents was in july and august and the lowest one was in january. however, some species were collected all the year round. the rodents were investigated for the endo- and ecto-parasites. ... | 2006 | 16605103 |
| efficacy of orally administered powdered aloe juice (aloe ferox) against ticks on cattle and ticks and fleas on dogs. | the efficacy of orally administered powdered aloe juice (aloe ferox) was evaluated against ticks on cattle and against ticks and fleas on dogs. twelve calves were each infested over a 25-day period with approximately 4000 larvae of rhipicephalus (boophilus) decoloratus and allocated to 3 groups of 4 calves each. three days after the last larval infestation and daily for 22 days thereafter, the calves in 1 group were fed 5 mg/kg body weight and those in another 25 mg/kg body weight of powdered al ... | 2005 | 16642714 |
| [evaluation of ectoparasites and hemoparasites in dogs kept in apartments and houses with yards in the city of juiz de fora, minas gerais, brazil]. | fleas and ticks transmit various pathogens while feeding on the blood of dogs. this study sought to verify the occurrence of ectoparasitism and hemoparasitism in dogs from two urban areas in the city of juiz de fora, minas gerais, brazil. between february and august 2003, 101 dogs were studied: 50 came from apartments in the downtown region and 51 from houses with grassy yards. the ectoparasites were collected and conserved in etanol 70%. the occurrence of hemoparasites was verified by examining ... | 2006 | 16646996 |
| bartonella spp. in pets and effect on human health. | among the many mammals infected with bartonella spp., pets represent a large reservoir for human infection because most bartonella spp. infecting them are zoonotic. cats are the main reservoir for bartonella henselae, b. clarridgeiae, and b. koehlerae. dogs can be infected with b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, b. henselae, b. clarridgeiae, b. washoensis, b. elizabethae, and b. quintana. the role of dogs as an important reservoir of bartonella spp. is less clear than for cats because domestic dogs ... | 2006 | 16704774 |
| [some ecological parameters of ctenocephalides felis strongylus (jordan, 1925) (siphonaptera: pulicidae)]. | among the fleas of medico-veterinary interest, ctenocephalides felis (bouché, 1 835) is the one most studied. this taxon includes two subspecies: ctenocephalides f. felis, and ctenocephalides f. strongylus (jordan, 1925); only c. f. felis has been the subject of almost all the studies available. we were, thus, interested in c. f. strongylus which can be regarded as the species of substitution of c. f. felis on the african continent. the purpose of our work was to establish some biological parame ... | 2006 | 16800125 |
| surveillance of egyptian fleas for agents of public health significance: anaplasma, bartonella, coxiella, ehrlichia, rickettsia, and yersinia pestis. | serologic surveys in egypt have documented human and animal exposure to vector-borne bacterial pathogens, but the presence and distribution of these agents in arthropods has not been determined. between july 2002 and july 2003, fleas were collected from 221 mammals trapped in 17 cities throughout egypt. a total of 987 fleas were collected, representing four species (ctenocephalides felis, echidnophaga gallinacea, leptopsylla segnis, and xenopsylla cheopis); 899 of these fleas were x. cheopis fro ... | 2006 | 16837707 |
| new methods and strategies for monitoring susceptibility of fleas to current flea control products. | a flea larval bioassay was developed by an international team of scientists to monitor the susceptibility of fleas (ctenocephalides felis) to imidacloprid (advantage, bayer healthcare). the assay was validated using laboratory and field isolates of c. felis. flea eggs representing different field isolates of c. felis were collected by veterinarians in the united states, united kingdom, and germany. of the 972 flea isolates obtained during the 5-year study, 768 contained sufficient numbers of egg ... | 2006 | 16871490 |
| rickettsia felis from cat fleas: isolation and culture in a tick-derived cell line. | rickettsia felis, the etiologic agent of spotted fever, is maintained in cat fleas by vertical transmission and resembles other tick-borne spotted fever group rickettsiae. in the present study, we utilized an ixodes scapularis-derived tick cell line, ise6, to achieve isolation and propagation of r. felis. a cytopathic effect of increased vacuolization was commonly observed in r. felis-infected cells, while lysis of host cells was not evident despite large numbers of rickettsiae. electron microsc ... | 2006 | 16885313 |
| development of quantitative real-time pcr assays to detect rickettsia typhi and rickettsia felis, the causative agents of murine typhus and flea-borne spotted fever. | rickettsia typhi and rickettsia felis are the etiologic agents of murine typhus and flea-borne spotted fever, respectively. we have constructed two quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assays to detect these pathogenic rickettsiae. the qpcr assays were developed utilizing unique sequences of the r. typhi and r. felis outer membrane protein b genes (ompb) to design the specific primers and molecular beacon probes. the assays were found to be species-specific and did not yield f ... | 2007 | 16893625 |
| detection of a gypsy-like sequence in the genome of the cat flea ctenocephalides felis (bouché 1835). | the gypsy virus of drosophila melanogaster is the first identified retrovirus of insects. its infectious properties have been reported, and it is able to cause diverse mutations of the phenotype in the fruit fly. as a typical endogenous retrovirus, it is transmitted vertically as part of the host genome, but horizontal transmission has also been shown for the d. melanogaster gypsy virus. using polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers designed from the gypsy element of drosophila subobsc ... | 2007 | 16941190 |
| epidemiology of flea infestation of ruminants in libya. | the results of an epidemiological and clinical study of flea infestations of farm animals in northern libya is reported. of 12,130 sheep examined from 124 flocks, 150 sheep were found to be infested with fleas from 50 different flocks. likewise 23 goats from 2981 examined, and 11 calves from 1124 cattle examined were infested no fleas were recovered from camels or horses. of 1861 fleas recovered from farm livestock, 1857 were ctenocephalides felis strongylus and 4 were pulex irritans. dogs from ... | 2006 | 16962246 |
| identification and characterisation of the dopamine receptor ii from the cat flea ctenocephalides felis (cfdoprii). | g protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs) represent a protein family with a wide range of functions. approximately 30% of human drug targets are gpcrs, illustrating their pharmaceutical relevance. in contrast, the knowledge about invertebrate gpcrs is limited and is mainly restricted to model organisms like drosophila melanogaster and caenorhabditis elegans. especially in ectoparasites like ticks and fleas, only few gpcrs are characterised. from the cat flea ctenocephalides felis, a relevant parasite ... | 2006 | 17027841 |
| comparison of the activity of selamectin, imidacloprid and fipronil for the treatment of cats infested experimentally with ctenocephalides felis felis and ctenocephalides felis strongylus. | twenty adult, domestic short hair cats were randomly allocated into four groups of five cats and housed in separated cages. each cat was infested with 25 fleas ctenocephalides felis felis and 25 ctenocephalides felis strongylus and 2 days later (day 0) the cats in group 1, 2 and 3 received a spot on application of selamectin, imidacloprid or fipronil, respectively, while the cats in group four were not treated. the cats were combed 48 h later, the fleas were removed, counted and their subspecies ... | 2007 | 17034950 |
| notes on some ectoparasites received by the medical entomology unit, institute for medical research. | there were a spate of recent complaints of insect bites and the entomological specimens received from various sources were identified to be those of cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) and rat flea (xenopsylla cheopis), the tropical bed-bug (cimex hemipterus) and the dog louse (heterodoxus spiniger). only the fleas and the bed-bug are known to attack humans. | 2006 | 17041562 |
| endosymbionts of ctenocephalides felis felis (siphonaptera: pulicidae) obtained from dogs captured in belo horizonte, minas gerais, brazil. | specimens of fleas ctenocephalides felis felis (1052 female symbol/448 male symbol), obtained from 150 dogs in centro de controle de zoonoses de belo horizonte, minas gerais, brazil, were dissected and examined for endosymbionts. three protozoan, nolleria pulicis, a gregarine (actinocephalidae) and leptomonas sp., together with one cestode, dipylidium caninum were identified. infections by n. pulicis and leptomonas sp. occurred mainly in the warm-rainy period. the prevalence and distribution of ... | 2007 | 17113100 |
| arthropod-borne diseases in homeless. | homeless people are particularly exposed to ectoparasite. the living conditions and the crowded shelters provide ideal conditions for the spread of lice, fleas, ticks, and mites. body lice have long been recognized as human parasites and although typically prevalent in rural communities in upland areas of countries close to the equator, it is now increasingly encountered in developed countries especially in homeless people or inner city economically deprived population. fleas are widespread but ... | 2006 | 17114713 |
| prevalence of rickettsia felis-like and bartonella spp. in ctenocephalides felis and ctenocephalides canis from la rioja (northern spain). | our aim was to determine the presence of rickettsia spp. and bartonella spp. in ctenocephalides felis and ctenocephalides canis from la rioja (spain). a total of 88 specimens were tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using glta and ompb genes as targets for rickettsia spp., and 16s rrna and ribc genes for bartonella spp. rickettsia felis-like (28.4%), bartonella clarridgeiae (6.8%), and bartonella henselae (3.4%) were detected in ctenocephalides spp. other bartonella sp. different from b. c ... | 2006 | 17114721 |
| prevalence of rickettsia felis in ctenocephalides felis and ctenocephalides canis from uruguay. | our aim was to determine the presence of rickettsia spp. in 66 fleas from uruguay. rickettsial dna was amplified using glta and ompb pcr primers. rickettsia spp. were found in 41% of the fleas (25 ctenocephalides felis and 2 ctenocephlides canis). sequences resulted in the identification of rickettsia felis and four genotypes closely related to this species (rickettsia sp. twkm03, california 2, hf187, and rf2125). the presence of r. felis in fleas from uruguay in was demonstrated. this is the se ... | 2006 | 17114726 |
| incidence and distribution pattern of rickettsia felis in peridomestic fleas from andalusia, southeast spain. | the presence of rickettsia felis was investigated in three species of pulicid fleas (ctenocephalides felis, ctenocephalides canis and pulex irritans) collected in 38 locales in andalusia (spain) over the period 1999-2004. amplification of a fragment of ompb gene was positive in 54.17 % of lots of ct. felis. the identity of the pcr bands was confirmed as r. felis by sequence data obtained directly from the pcr amplicon. no rickettsia was found in ct. canis nor p. irritans. | 2006 | 17114737 |
| prevalence of rickettsia felis in the fleas ctenocephalides felis felis and ctenocephalides canis from two indian villages in sao paulo municipality, brazil. | we evaluated the presence of rickettsia infection among fleas collected on domestic dogs in two guarani indian communities in the suburban area of são paulo municipality, brazil. a total of 114 ctenocephalides felis felis and 47 ctenocephalides canis were collected from 40 dogs. a total of 41 c. felis felis (36.0%) and 9 c. canis (19.1%) fleas yielded expected bands by pcr, which were all shown by dna sequencing to be indentical to the corresponding sequence of a fragment of the rickettsia felis ... | 2006 | 17114741 |
| bartonella infection in domestic cats and wild felids. | bartonella are vector-borne, fastidious gram-negative bacteria causing persistent bacteremia in their reservoir hosts. felids represent a major reservoir for several bartonella species. domestic cats are the main reservoir of b. henselae, the agent of cat-scratch disease. prevalence of infection is highest in warm and humid climates that are optimal for the survival of cat fleas, as fleas are essential for the transmission of the infection. flea feces are the likely infectious substrate. prevale ... | 2006 | 17114749 |
| discovery of (z)-2-phenyl-3-(1h-pyrrol-2-yl)acrylonitrile derivatives active against haemonchus contortus and ctenocephalides felis (cat flea). | a series of 2-phenyl-3-(1h-pyrrol-2-yl)acrylonitrile derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro activity against the endoparasite haemonchus contortus and the ectoparasite ctenocephalides felis. some compounds had significant in vitro activity against these parasites. | 2007 | 17150358 |
| bartonella infections in fleas (siphonaptera: pulicidae) and lack of bartonellae in ticks (acari: ixodidae) from hungary. | fleas (95 pulex irritans, 50 ctenocephalides felis, 45 ctenocephalides canis) and ixodid ticks (223 ixodes ricinus, 231 dermacentor reticulatus, 204 haemaphysalis concinna) were collected in hungary and tested, in assays based on pcr, for bartonella infection. low percentages of p. irritans (4.2%) and c. felis (4.0%) were found to be infected. the groel sequences of the four isolates from p. irritans were different from all the homologous sequences for bartonellae previously stored in genbank bu ... | 2006 | 17252927 |
| spotted fever rickettsioses in southern and eastern europe. | mediterranean spotted fever due to rickettsia conorii conorii was thought, for many years, to be the only tick-borne rickettsial disease prevalent in southern and eastern europe. however, in recent years, six more species or subspecies within the spotted fever group of the genus rickettsia have been described as emerging pathogens in this part of the world. tick-borne agents include rickettsia conorii israelensis, rickettsia conorii caspia, rickettsia aeschlimannii, rickettsia slovaca, rickettsi ... | 2007 | 17266709 |
| prevalence of rickettsia felis dna in the blood of cats and their fleas in the united states. | rickettsia felis is associated with fever, headache, myalgia, and macular rash in some infected humans and has been detected in the cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) in many countries around the world. while some naturally exposed cats have been assessed for antibodies against r felis, to our knowledge, no one has reported use of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to attempt to amplify r felis dna from client-owned cats and the fleas collected from them. in this study, we assayed 92 pairs of cat blo ... | 2007 | 17276123 |
| survey of flea infestation in dogs and cats in the united kingdom during 2005. | during 2005, 31 uk veterinary practices participated in a survey of flea infestation, during which 2653 dogs and 1508 cats were examined for evidence of flea infestation and skin disease compatible with flea allergy dermatitis (fad). the prevalence of flea infestation in the cats was 21.09 per cent, significantly (p<0.001) higher than in the dogs (6.82 per cent). the prevalence of skin lesions compatible with fad in the cats (8.02 per cent) was also significantly (p<0.001) higher than in the dog ... | 2007 | 17435095 |
| an insight into the sialome of the oriental rat flea, xenopsylla cheopis (rots). | the salivary glands of hematophagous animals contain a complex cocktail that interferes with the host hemostasis and inflammation pathways, thus increasing feeding success. fleas represent a relatively recent group of insects that evolved hematophagy independently of other insect orders. | 2007 | 17437641 |
| real-time pcr investigation of potential vectors, reservoirs, and shedding patterns of feline hemotropic mycoplasmas. | three hemotropic mycoplasmas have been identified in pet cats: mycoplasma haemofelis, "candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum," and "candidatus mycoplasma turicensis." the way in which these agents are transmitted is largely unknown. thus, this study aimed to investigate fleas, ticks, and rodents as well as saliva and feces from infected cats for the presence of hemotropic mycoplasmas, to gain insight into potential transmission routes for these agents. dna was extracted from arthropods and from rod ... | 2007 | 17468284 |
| a survey of fleas on dogs in southern italy. | a survey aimed at studying the presence and distribution of fleas on dogs was conducted in an area of southern italy. between february 2005 and 2006, dogs were examined for fleas at four private veterinary clinics, with a twice-weekly frequency. fleas were detected on 246 (17.9%) out of the 1376 tested dogs. a total of 960 fleas were sampled and two species were identified, namely ctenocephalides felis felis (16.3% of the tested dogs) and ctenocephalides canis (1.5% of the tested dogs). the resu ... | 2007 | 17683867 |
| efficacy of a topically applied formulation of metaflumizone on cats against the adult cat flea, flea egg production and hatch, and adult flea emergence. | a spot-on metaflumizone formulation was evaluated to determine its adulticidal efficacy, effect upon egg production, and ovicidal activity when applied to flea infested cats. eight male and eight female adult domestic shorthair cats were randomly assigned to either serve as non-treated controls or were treated topically with a minimum of 40mg/kg metaflumizone in single spot-on day 0. on days -2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56, each cat was infested with approximately 100 unfed cat fleas, cten ... | 2007 | 17919817 |
| confirmation of the efficacy of a novel formulation of metaflumizone plus amitraz for the treatment and control of fleas and ticks on dogs. | a novel spot-on formulation containing metaflumizone plus amitraz (promeris/promeris duo for dogs, fort dodge animal health, overland park, ks) was evaluated in four laboratory studies to confirm efficacy against fleas and ticks on dogs for 1 month. three different strains of cat flea (ctenocephalides felis felis) and four tick species were used. rhipicephalus sanguineus and dermacentor variabilis were evaluated concurrently in two studies and ixodes scapularis and amblyomma americanum in one st ... | 2007 | 17923330 |
| dose determination of a novel formulation of metaflumizone plus amitraz for control of cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis felis) and brown dog ticks (rhipicephalus sanguineus) on dogs. | a novel spot-on formulation containing metaflumizone and amitraz (promeris/promeris duo for dogs, fort dodge animal health, overland park, ks) was evaluated in a laboratory study to determine the appropriate dose for efficacy against fleas and ticks on dogs for 1 month. thirty-six beagles were randomly allocated to six equal groups and individually housed. one group remained nontreated. another was treated with a placebo formulation (solvents with no active ingredients). three groups of dogs wer ... | 2007 | 17931781 |
| efficacy of a novel formulation of metaflumizone for the control of fleas (ctenocephalides felis) on cats. | a novel spot-on formulation containing metaflumizone (promeris for cats, fort dodge animal health, overland park, ks) was evaluated in five laboratory studies to determine the duration of residual efficacy in cats against fleas after a single spot treatment. in each study, eight domestic shorthair cats were randomly allocated to each treatment group and individually housed. one group in each study remained non-treated. in one study, an additional group of eight cats was treated with a placebo fo ... | 2007 | 17931782 |
| repetitive sequences in the its1 region of the ribosomal dna of tunga penetrans and other flea species (insecta, siphonaptera). | different tunga penetrans isolates from various hosts obtained from south america (fortaleza. brazil) have been studied by nucleotide sequence comparison of the first and the second internal transcribed spacer (its1, its2) of the ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rdna) and part of the mitochondrial 16s rdna. results show no significant host-dependent sequence differences. no indication for intraindividual and intraspecific polymorphisms could be detected. comparing the its1 spacer region of t. pe ... | 2008 | 17952470 |
| preliminary studies on the effectiveness of the novel pulicide, spinosad, for the treatment and control of fleas on dogs. | spinosad is a novel mode-of-action insecticide produced from a family of natural products derived from fermentation of the actinomycete, saccharopolyspora spinosa. separate studies were undertaken to determine the minimum effective dose of spinosad given orally for the treatment of experimentally induced flea infestations (ctenocephalides felis) on dogs, and to assess any potential impacts of feeding canned or dry food at the time of dosing. both were randomized block (blocked by gender and pre- ... | 2007 | 17980490 |
| phylogenetic analysis of bartonella detected in rodent fleas in yunnan, china. | previous studies have demonstrated a diversity of bartonella spp. in rodent populations in yunnan province, china. although bartonella spp. have been isolated from cat fleas and cattle ticks collected from their animal hosts, little is known about bartonella carried by rodent fleas. in this study, bartonella dna was detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in two of five species of rodent fleas. these included xenopsylla cheopis and ctenophthalmus lushuiensis, which were collected from rattus ... | 2007 | 17984255 |
| parasiticidal 2-alkoxy- and 2-aryloxyiminoalkyl trifluoromethanesulfonanilides. | a series of novel 2-alkoxy- and 2-aryloxyiminoalkyl trifluoromethanesulfonanilide derivatives have shown significant in vitro parasiticidal activity against the ectoparasites ctenocephalides felis and rhipicephalus sanguineus. a number of these compounds also displayed significant in vitro endoparasite activity against the nematode haemonchus contortus. | 2008 | 18006308 |
| efficacy of a topically applied spot-on formulation of a novel insecticide, metaflumizone, applied to cats against a flea strain (ks1) with documented reduced susceptibility to various insecticides. | a spot-on metaflumizone formulation was evaluated in adult domestic short hair cats to determine its adultidical efficacy against a flea strain that has reduced susceptibility to a number of insecticides. eight cats served as non-treated controls, eight cats were treated with a metaflumizone formulation at 0.2 ml/kg (40 mg metaflumizone/kg) and eight cats were treated with fipronil 10% w/v-(s)-methoprene 12%w/v at 0.075 ml/kg (7.5-7.7 mg fipronil/kg:9.0-9.2 mg (s)-methoprene/kg). on days -1, 7, ... | 2008 | 18022186 |
| fleas parasitizing domestic dogs in spain. | in addition to their importance to veterinary clinical practice as ectoparasites, fleas of domestic dogs are of special concern because they can be vectors of disease, including zoonoses. flea assemblages parasitizing domestic dogs usually comprise several flea species whose distribution is determined by factors acting at several scales. knowledge of these factors will aid in assessment of the distribution patterns of flea parasitism, and is an important tool in developing control strategies and ... | 2008 | 18031934 |
| comparative microbiota of rickettsia felis-uninfected and -infected colonized cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis. | fleas serve as arthropod vectors for several emerging and re-emerging infectious disease causing agents including, rickettsia felis. although the prevalence of r. felis infection in colonies of fleas has been examined, the influence of the r. felis infection on flea microbiota has not been investigated. we identified three colonies of cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis, with varying prevalence of r. felis infection (louisiana state university (lsu), 93.8%; professional laboratory and research serv ... | 2007 | 18043659 |
| the effect of water and shampooing on the efficacy of a pyriprole 12.5% topical solution against brown dog tick (rhipicephalus sanguineus) and cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) infestations on dogs. | the efficacy of a single treatment with a 12.5% pyriprole spot-on formulation against induced infestations with r. sanguineus ticks and cat fleas (c. felis) as well as its persistence after repeated washing and shampooing was investigated in four separate studies. in a first study on r. sanguineus involving 32 beagle dogs, the efficacy at various time-points during the 30 days that followed treatment assessed 48 h after re-infestation ranged from 100% to 99.3%. no engorged ticks, alive or dead, ... | 2008 | 18061355 |
| [development of the fungi metarhizium anisopliae (metschnikoff, 1879) sorokin, 1883 and beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin, 1912 on the ctenophephalides felis felis (bouché, 1835)]. | the flea ctenocephalides felis felis is a parasite that causes allergic dermatitis and also may transmit etiologic agents to domestic animals and humans. this study investigated by scanning electron microscopy the development of entomopathogenic fungi on flea cuticle. fleas were exposed to conidia (10(8) ml(-1)) of metarhizium anisopliae (isolate 959) or beauveria bassiana (isolate 986). following standard protocols for electron microscopy, the specimens were prepared 2, 15, 26 and 96 h after in ... | 2007 | 18078609 |
| rickettsia infection in five areas of the state of são paulo, brazil. | this study investigated rickettsial infection in animals, humans, ticks, and fleas collected in five areas of the state of são paulo. eight flea species (adoratopsylla antiquorum antiquorum, ctenocephalides felis felis, polygenis atopus, polygenis rimatus, polygenis roberti roberti, polygenis tripus, rhopalopsyllus lugubris, and rhopalopsyllus lutzi lutzi), and five tick species (amblyomma aureolatum, amblyomma cajennense, amblyomma dubitatum, ixodes loricatus, and rhipicephalus sanguineus) were ... | 2007 | 18094887 |
| efficacy of selamectin and fipronil-(s)-methoprene spot-on formulations applied to cats against adult cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis), flea eggs, and adult flea emergence. | a study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of selamectin and fipronil-(s)-methoprene against adult cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis), flea egg production, and the viability of flea eggs collected from treated cats. cats were infested with approximately 50 adult fleas 2 days before treatment and weekly thereafter; flea eggs were collected and counted on days 0, 1, 2, and 3 and 48 and 72 hours after each weekly flea infestation. live fleas were collected approximately 72 hours after treatment ... | 2007 | 18183544 |
| murine typhus: an unrecognized suburban vectorborne disease. | murine typhus, an acute febrile illness caused by rickettsia typhi, is distributed worldwide. mainly transmitted by the fleas of rodents, it is associated with cities and ports where urban rats (rattus rattus and rattus norvegicus) are abundant. in the united states, cases are concentrated in suburban areas of texas and california. contrary to the classic rat-flea-rat cycle, the most important reservoirs of infection in these areas are opossums and cats. the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, has ... | 2008 | 18260783 |
| rickettsia felis in ctenocephalides felis from argentina. | this article reports on the detection of rickettsia felis in argentina in ctenocephalides felis fleas collected from a dog and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification and dna sequencing. | 2008 | 18279005 |
| efficacy of imidacloprid 10%/moxidectin 1% (advocate/advantage multi) against fleas (ctenocephalides felis felis) on ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | ferrets (mustela putorius furo) are becoming increasingly popular as pets and are kept in households with other pet animals such as dogs and cats, from which they may catch flea infestations with the predominant flea species ctenocephalides felis. in this study, the efficacy of imidacloprid/moxidectin spot-on (advocate/advantage multi) was investigated in the therapy and prevention of flea infestation in ferrets. sixteen adult ferrets of varying weights and ages and of both sexes were included. ... | 2008 | 18386063 |
| identification of rickettsia felis in the salivary glands of cat fleas. | rickettsia felis, a flea-associated rickettsial pathogen, has been identified in many tissues, including the digestive and reproductive tissues, within the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis. we utilized transmission electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction to identify r. felis in the salivary glands of fed fleas and further define the distribution of r. felis within the arthropod host. we identified rickettsia-like organisms in salivary glands using electron microscopy. sequence analysis ... | 2008 | 18399779 |
| efficacy of pyriprole topical solution against the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, on dogs. | three studies evaluating various aspects of the performance of pyriprole against the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, on dogs demonstrated that 12.5% pyriprole applied as a spot-on provides rapid, long-lasting efficacy against adult cat fleas, even under severe flea challenge. speed of kill data indicate treatment with this product can interrupt an already established adult flea infestation, whereas monthly treatment can prevent reinfestation. pyriprole disrupts the flea life cycle by killing ad ... | 2008 | 18415942 |
| molecular identification of rickettsia felis in ticks and fleas from an endemic area for brazilian spotted fever. | rickettsioses are arthropod-borne diseases caused by parasites from the order rickettsiales. the most prevalent rickettsial disease in brazil is brazilian spotted fever (bsf). this work intends the molecular detection of those agents in ectoparasites from an endemic area of bsf in the state of espírito santo. a total of 502 ectoparasites, among them amblyomma cajennense, amblyomma dubitatum (a. cooperi), riphicephalus sanguineus, anocentor nitens and ctenocephalides felis, was collected from dom ... | 2008 | 18425272 |
| molecular cloning, partial genomic structure and functional characterization of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase genes from the parasitic insects lucilia cuprina and ctenocephalides felis. | the enzyme succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ssadh; ec1.2.1.24) is a component of the gamma-aminobutyric acid degradation pathway in mammals and is essential for development and function of the nervous system. here we report the identification, cdna cloning and functional expression of ssadh from the parasitic insects lucilia cuprina and ctenocephalides felis. the recombinant proteins possess potent nad+-dependent ssadh activity, while their catalytic efficiency for other aldehyde substrates ... | 2008 | 18477242 |
| early-phase transmission of yersinia pestis by cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) and their potential role as vectors in a plague-endemic region of uganda. | in recent decades, the majority of human plague cases (caused by yersinia pestis) have been reported from africa. in northwest uganda, which has had recent plague outbreaks, cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) have been reported as the most common fleas in the home environment, which is suspected to be a major exposure site for human plague in this country. in the past, c. felis has been viewed as only a nuisance-biting insect because limited laboratory studies suggested it is incapable of transmi ... | 2008 | 18541775 |
| monitoring of basophil sensitization to antigens of the cat flea (ctenocephalides felis felis): a new tool for the diagnosis of feline flea bite hypersensitivity? | suitability of blood basophils for in vitro diagnosis of flea allergy dermatitis (fad) or flea bite hypersensitivity was studied in cats. a functional in vitro test (fit) for sensitized type i allergic effector cells was used to evaluate the degree and kinetics of in vivo basophil sensitization against flea antigens in cats under long-term flea exposure. fit results were compared with intradermal (idt) and serological testing. before, during, and after weekly repeated exposure to ctenocephalides ... | 2008 | 18594863 |
| a comparative evaluation of the speed of kill and duration of efficacy against weekly infestations with fleas on cats treated with fipronil-(s)-methoprene or metaflumizone. | spot-on formulations of metaflumizone and a combination of fipronil-(s)-methoprene were evaluated in adult cats to determine the duration of 24- and 48-hour efficacy and short-term speed of kill against adult cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis felis. speed of kill efficacies (at 12, 18, 24, and 48 hours) were assessed against existing (day -1) infestations and against infestations at day 7, and efficacy was assessed 24 and 48 hours after weekly flea infestations through day 42. cats treated with f ... | 2008 | 18597248 |
| rickettsia felis as emergent global threat for humans. | rickettsia felis is an emergent pathogen belonging to transitional group rickettsiae. first described in 1990, r. felis infections have been reported to occur worldwide in fleas, mammals, and humans. because clinical signs of the illness are similar to those of murine typhus and other febrile illnesses such as dengue, the infection in humans is likely underestimated. r. felis has been found throughout the world in several types of ectoparasites; cat fleas appear to be the most common vectors. r. ... | 2008 | 18598619 |
| transmission of bartonella henselae by ixodes ricinus. | bartonella spp. are facultative intracellular bacteria associated with several emerging diseases in humans and animals. b. henselae causes cat-scratch disease and is increasingly associated with several other syndromes, particularly ocular infections and endocarditis. cats are the main reservoir for b. henselae and the bacteria are transmitted to cats by cat fleas. however, new potential vectors are suspected of transmitting b. henselae, in particular, ixodes ricinus, the most abundant ixodid ti ... | 2008 | 18598628 |
| flea blood feeding patterns in cats treated with oral nitenpyram and the topical insecticides imidacloprid, fipronil and selamectin. | a series of studies was conducted to determine the effect of systemically and topically active insecticides on blood consumption by fleas (ctenocephalides felis). infestations were conducted by placing fleas into plexi-glass chambers attached to the lateral rib cage of domestic short-hair cats. after pre-defined periods, fleas and flea feces were extracted using vacuum aspiration and spectrophotometrically analyzed for hemoglobin using drabkin's reagent. to determine how rapidly nitenpyram kills ... | 2008 | 18619735 |
| prevalence and infection load dynamics of rickettsia felis in actively feeding cat fleas. | rickettsia felis is a flea-associated rickettsial pathogen recurrently identified in both colonized and wild-caught cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis. we hypothesized that within colonized fleas, the intimate relationship between r. felis and c. felis allows for the coordination of rickettsial replication and metabolically active periods during flea bloodmeal acquisition and oogenesis. | 2008 | 18665265 |
| rickettsia felis in fleas, germany. | among 310 fleas collected from dogs and cats in germany, rickettsia felis was detected in all specimens (34) of archaeopsylla erinacei (hedgehog flea) and in 9% (24/226) of ctenocephalides felis felis (cat flea). r. helvetica was detected in 1 ceratophyllus gallinae (hen flea). | 2008 | 18680660 |