Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| honey bee recruitment: the dance-language controversy. | 1975 | 1154023 | |
| [injury of the cornea by bee sting]. | 2014 | 1154602 | |
| acute respiratory distress in cattle. | the term "fog fever" was originally used identify a disease of adult cattle grazing lush pastures in the autumn. unfortunately, the name has subsequently been applied to other respiratory disorders which occurred under different epidemiological circumstances, so that the name "fog fever" has lost much of its original specificity and become almost synonymous with "acute respiratory distress". the pulmonary lesions in 151 cattle, of all ages, with acute respiratory distress are described in this r ... | 1975 | 1162878 |
| the 10-year health plan for the americas. introduction: an updated self-help perspective on our international activities. | the term "health planning" is defined as the attempt to determine the health needs and wants of a population and to design and implement the means of meeting them. the tragedy of latin american health planning has been that the wisdom of their approach, which seeks to concern health consumers first rather than cater to the avarice of health producers as is done in the u.s., has not been matchable by the level of technological and political sophistication needed to bring it off. thus, whenever a ... | 1975 | 1163698 |
| the multiplication of nodamura virus in insect and mammalian cell cultures. | nodamura virus multiplied in mosquito cell lines, as determined by infectivivity assays in adult honey bees (apis mellifera) and wax moth larvae (galleria mellonella). titres of more than 10-7 and 10-5 bee ld50 /ml were obtained in culture fluids of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti cells respectively after 10 days. comparable titres were obtained after several months, during which the cultures were subdivided up to six times. nodamura virus also multiplied in bhk cells and yielded titres of 10 ... | 1975 | 1168239 |
| genetic study of the aggressiveness of two subspecies of apis mellifera in brazil. iv. number of stings in the gloves of the observer. | data are analyzed on an aspect of aggressiveness in workers from colonies of africanized bees (apis mellifera adansonii), italian bees (apis mellifera ligustica), their f1 hybrids, and backcrosses of the f1 to the parental stocks (rothenbuhler method). the segregation values (3:1) in the backcrosses to the africanized stock and nonsegregation in the backcrosses to the italian stock suggest the existence of two pairs of genes (f1/f1; f2/f2 in the italian bees and f1/f1; f2/f2 in the africanized b ... | 1975 | 1169057 |
| applications of sulfenylations of ester enolates. synthesis of pheromones of the honey bee. | 1975 | 1169290 | |
| apamin from bee venom. effects of the neurotoxin on subcellular particles of neural cultures. | 1975 | 1170096 | |
| immunotherapy in bee-sting anaphylaxis. use of honeybee venom. | after nine months of immunotherapy with commercially prepared wholebody bee extract, a beekeeper's wife experienced anaphylaxis after a controlled bee-sting challenge. high risk of future bee stings prompted a decision to attempt desensitization with honeybee venom. this was extracted from the bee into coca solution and administered parenterally in increasing daily doses until an equivalent of one venom sac was given per day. this maintenance dosage was continued for a month. anaphylaxis did not ... | 1975 | 1172815 |
| how do oocytes disappear? | it has been study using transmission and scanner electron microscopy the mean procedures of dessaparence of the oocytes. on described three methods: 1. the necrosis of the oocytes. 2. the autolysis and fagocitosis by granulosa cells. 3. the migration of those to the superphicie and fall into the peritoneal cavity. using the scanner electron microscopy in ovaries of fetus and newborn it seems the latest method to bee the most important during the intrauterine life. after the birth, this last phen ... | 1975 | 1174310 |
| relation between various phospholipase actions on human red cell membranes and the interfacial phospholipid pressure in monolayers. | the action of purified phospholipases on monomolecular films of various interfacial pressures is compared with the action on erythrocyte membranes. the phospholipases which cannot hyorolyse phospholipids of the intact erythrocyte membrane, phospholipase c from bacillus cereus, phospholipase a2 from pig pancreas and crotalus adamanteus and phospholipase d from cabbage, can hydrolyse phospholipid monolayers at pressure below 31 dynes/cm only. the phospholipases which can hydrolyse phospholipids of ... | 1975 | 1174576 |
| structural specialization in the dorsal retina of the bee, apis mellifera. | electron microscopic investigations on the eye of the worker bee showed that the ommatidia located in the uppermost part of the dorsal half of the eye are characterized by a distinct structural specialization: nine visual cells contribute microvilli to the rhabdom over its full length. within these rhabdoms the microvilli are arranged in at least three different directions. this specialization affects an area of at least 60 ommatidia. the most dorsal eye region differs, therefore, structurally f ... | 1975 | 1175219 |
| synthesis of apamin, a neurotoxic peptide from bee venom. | the apamin sequence has been synthesized by the solid-phase procedure. the synthetic peptide showed the same physiochemical and chemical properties as natural apamin in the following tests: paper electrophoresis, amino acid analyses after acid and enzymatic hydrolyses, sequence analysis, electrophoreses after tryptic and chymotryptic digestions. synthetic apamin was as active as natural apamin in the neurotoxic assay in mice (ld50, after subcutaneous injection, for the 20-g mouse: 58 mug). | 1975 | 1175625 |
| specific enzymic cleavage of polypeptides at cysteine residues. | a method has been developed for specific enzymic cleavage of polypeptides at the n-terminal side of modified cysteine residues. lysine residues are blocked by trifluoroacetylation and cysteine residues subsequently converted to the 2-aminoethyl derivatives. digestion of the modified polypeptide with the lysine-specific protease from armillaria mellea (patented by walton et al., 1972) occurs only at 2-aminoethylcysteine residues. with the beta chain of human haemoglobin, which contains 2 cysteine ... | 1975 | 1175632 |
| [basic peptides from bee venom, i: isolation, reduction and reoxidation of apamin and mcd-peptide (author's transl)]. | a simple isolation of melittin, apamin and mcd-peptide from bee venom is described. the peptides were separated using sephadex g-50 and biogel p-4 followed by preparative column chromatography using silicagel. apamin and mcd-peptide were converted to the tetra-s-sulfonate derivatives by oxidative sulfitolysis. after reduction of these derivatives by mercaptoethanol followed by cautious air-reoxidation, the disulfide bridges can be reconstituted. the biological activities of the reoxidation produ ... | 1975 | 1181269 |
| the retina-lamina projection in the visual system of the bee, apis mellifera. | single golgi impregnated visual cells and their axons were treated from the retina to the first synaptic layer (lamina) in serial electron microscopic sections. this analysis of the retina-lamina projection was undertaken in the upper dorso-median eye region which is known to be involved in the perception of polarized light. for identification of individual visual cells and their fibres a numbering system was used which relates the number of each of the nine visual cells within one retinula to t ... | 1975 | 1182780 |
| genetic component in learning ability in bees. | twenty-five bees, five from each of five hives, were trained to collect food at a table. when the bee reached the table, time was recorded for 12 visits. then a blue and yellow pan was substituted for the original metal pan, and time and correct responses were recorded for 30 trips (discrimination phase). finally, food was taken from the pan and extinction was recorded as incorrect responses for 20 visits. variance analysis was carried out, and genetic variance was undetected for discrimination, ... | 1975 | 1191157 |
| the neurons of the first optic ganglion of the bee (apis mellifera). | 1975 | 1199826 | |
| [honeybee phonoreceptors]. | bee phonoreceptors are revealed by electrophysiological method. these are hair sensillae located between facet eyes and occipital commissure. the region of the highest sensitivity of receptors in within the range of the maximum energy of various sound signals used in the communication of bees. the receptors exactly distinguish the signals according to their duration and intensity. | 2008 | 1201299 |
| [cardiotropic action of bee venom and melitten]. | 1975 | 1203400 | |
| the first optic ganglion of the bee. i. correlation between visual cell types and their terminals in the lamina and medulla. | each visual unit (ommatidium) of the compound eye of the honey bee contains nine retinula cells, six of which end as axons in the first synaptic ganglion, the lamina, and three in the second optic ganglion, the medulla. a technique allowing light- and electron microscopy to be performed on the same silver-impregnated sections has made it possible to follow all types of retinula axons of one ommatidium to their terminals in order to study the shape of the terminal branches with their position in ... | 1975 | 1203968 |
| translation of honeybee promelittin messenger rna. formation of a larger product in a mammalian cell-free system. | venom glands of honeybees synthesize the peptide melittin via the precursor promelittin. total rna preparations from venom glands served as template in a cell-free system prepared from mammalian cells. the heterologous system translated the insect mrna with approximately the same efficiency as hemoglobin mrna. a polypeptide was synthesized which, as shown by acrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of detergent, has a higher molecular weight than promelittin. analysis of peptic fragments a ... | 1975 | 1204644 |
| stinging insect allergy: detection and clinical significance of venom ige antibodies. | venom-specific ige antibodies in 109 sera from patients who had had immediate systemic allergic reactions following insect stings were measured by the radioallergosorbent (rast) procedure. the majority of sera contained ige antibodies to either bee, yellow jacket, or hornet venoms. some sera had positive rast reactions with 2 or 3 venoms, but others contained single venom-specific ige antibodies. of 24 patients who had large local reactions, the sera of 12 contained venom ige antibodies. the ras ... | 1975 | 1206184 |
| ratings of self and peers on sex role attributes and their relation to self-esteem and conceptions of masculinity and femininity. | male (n = 248) and female (n = 282) subjects were given the personal attributes questionnaire consisting of 55 bipolar attributes drawn from the sex role stereotype questionnaire by rosenkrantz, vogel, bee, broverman, and broverman and were asked to rate themselves and then to compare directly the typical male and female college student. self-ratings were divided into male-valued (stereotypically masculine attributes judged more desirable for both sexes), female-valued, and sex-specific items. a ... | 1975 | 1206468 |
| effect of oral contraceptives and pregnancy on erythrocyte deformability and surface charge. | erythrocyte deformability and surface charge were studied in normal premenopausal women, oral contraceptive users, and pregnant women. the increased incidence of thrombosis in women taking oral contraceptives could not be explained by decreased erythrocyte deformability or surface charge. however, the decreased erythrocyte deformability of late pregnancy may relate to thrombosis during this period and to increased hemolysis in patients with certain hemoglobinopathies. | 1975 | 1208549 |
| the contents of adenine nucleotides, phosphagens and some glycolytic intermediates in resting muscles from vertebrates and invertebrates. | the lowest contents of atp and the lowest atp/amp concentration ratios are observed in the molluscan muscles that have very low rates of energy expenditure during contraction. the highest contents of atp are observed in the extremely aerobic insect flight muscle and the extremely anaerobic pectoral muscle of the pheasant and domestic fowl. in general, the lowest atp/amp concentration ratios are observed for muscle in which the variation in the rate of energy utilization is small (e.g. some mollu ... | 1975 | 1212224 |
| [establishing trace elements in the environment on the basis of honeybee gathering activity]. | 1975 | 1217537 | |
| [bee and wasp stings]. | 1975 | 1218840 | |
| transfer of the methyl group of methionine to choline and to trna in the honeybee apis mellifica l. | contrary to some previous reports on the absence of biological transmethylation reactions in some insect species, the transfer of the methyl group of methionine-methyl 14c leading to choline and to methylated bases in trna was shown in the honeybee apis mellifica. the addition of antibiotics to the food of the insect does not diminish the incorporation of radioactivity, proving that intestinal bacteria are not responsible for the methylation reactions observed. | 1975 | 1222124 |
| [effects of the ashes of the irazu volcano (costa rica) on various insects]. | a study of the 1963-1965 eruptions of the irazú volcano (costa rica) showed that the ashes altered the ecological conditions of a great number of insects. experiments suggest a mechanical action of the abrasive particles on the epicuticle, making it permeable, and thus accelerating dehydration. other insects, such as the honey bee (apis mellifera), were not affected externally but through the ingestion of ash-contaminated nectar and by the massive destruction of the vegetation on which they depe ... | 2004 | 1224020 |
| [proteins in honey. ii. gel-chromatography, enzymatic acitivity and origin of honey-proteins (author's transl)]. | the honey proteins were separated into five distinct peaks by freezing and thawing and subsequent chromatography on sephadex g-200. the enzymatic activities were always located in the same peaks and clearly separated. the elution curves of the individual honeys were very similar. no significant differences were observed neither among floral honeys not between floral and honeydew honeys. the determination of the elution coefficients, however, showed that three of the five peaks originate in the b ... | 1975 | 1224792 |
| lysolecithin inhibits an action of bee venom phospholipase a2 in erythrocyte membrane. | 1975 | 1225581 | |
| [allergic reaction in the pharynx to bee venom]. | 2004 | 1229707 | |
| population genetic studies in bees (apidae, hymenoptera). i. genetic load. | three populations of apis mellifera each predominantly of a different subspecies (mellifera, ligustica and adansonii) and 7 species of stingless bees (meliponinae, apidae) were manipulated for applying the morton, crow & muller's methodology in order to estimate the lethal equivalents (b) of each population. a total of 249 queens were used, 27 being meliponids and 222 apis mellifera. the populations of apis have a b that does not differ significantly when they are compared to each other (1.29, 1 ... | 2005 | 1233887 |
| [premature labor caused by multiple honeybee stings. (are provoked labor and following premature birth really caused by multiple honeybee stings?)]. | 1975 | 1234984 | |
| elevated serum enzymes in patients with wasp/bee sting and their clinical significance. | seventeen patients who had been admitted to hospital for wasp/bee sting were studied. mild pyrexia was encountered in 7 patients, rash/urticaria in 3, angioneurotic oedema in 2, oliguria in 2, microscopic haematuria and albuminuria in 3, transient hypotension in 1. however, there were frequent elevations of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (9 out of 17 patients), serum creatine phosphokinase (14 out of 17 patients) and serum lactate dehydrogenase (8 out of 14 patients), indicating presenc ... | 1976 | 1248143 |
| the peptide components of bee venom. | 1976 | 1248464 | |
| aging in the venom glands of queen and worker honey bees (apis mellifera l.): some morphological and chemical observations. | 1976 | 1258064 | |
| temperature stability of phospholipase a activity. i. bee (apis mellifera) venom phospholipase a2. | 1976 | 1258066 | |
| [control measures for bee diseases in japan]. | 1976 | 1258324 | |
| cytotoxic effects on the plasma membrane of human diploid fibroblasts--a comparative study of leakage tests. | confluent monolayers of human diploid lung fibroblasts were treated with cytolytic agents. the induced membrane damage was investigated by different test systems. changes of membrane permeability were compared with morphological alterations. four tests employed leakage of cytoplasmic markers of different sizes as criteria of membrane damage. radioactive markers of the following decreasing size order were used: [3h]rna (mw greater than 200,000) greater than 51cr greater than [3h]nucleotides great ... | 1976 | 1263610 |
| the effect of sugars and juvenile hormone on the differentiation of the female honeybee larvae (apis mellifera l.) to queens. | 1976 | 1263752 | |
| contact dermatitis from propolis. | two patients with contact dermatitis due to the natural product propolis (bee glue) are reported. they presented perioral eczema and stomatitis which were recalcitrant until propolis was considered as the cause. patch tests with propolis preparations were positive in both patients, and, furthermore, in the second patient the lesions relapsed after provocation tests. european standard patch test including balsam of peru were negative. the complexity of propolis, its supposed anti-inflammatory eff ... | 1976 | 1268058 |
| printed circuit microelectrodes and their application to honeybee brain. | the application of printed circuit technology to the production of a new type of multi-channel microelectrode is described. 2. recordings have been obtained from the the protocerebrum of the honeybee apis mellifera l. using printed circuit microelectrodes in both restrained and free-moving preparations. 3. these recordings are compared with those previously obtained from conventional probe microelectrodes and are found to have similar characteristics of transient voltage changes superimposed on ... | 1976 | 1270993 |
| the isolation and identification of noradrenaline and dopamine from the venom of the honey bee, apis mellifica. | 1976 | 1273857 | |
| bee sting. | 1976 | 1274807 | |
| adder bites in britain. | ninety-five cases of adder bite that have occurred in britain over the past 100 years are reviewed. most bites occurred in men who foolishly picked up the adder. three-quarters of the victims reached hospital within two hours of the bite. when venom is injected the early symptoms include local swelling and discoloration, vomiting, diarrhoea, and early collapse, which often resolves spontaneously. in severe poisoning persistent or recurrent shock is the main feature. children recover quickly but ... | 1976 | 1276841 |
| bee venom melittin is a potent toxin for reducing the threshold for calcium-induced calcium release in human and equine skeletal muscle. | the modulation of ca2+ release by synthetic bee venom melittin was examined in equine and human terminal cisternae-containing fractions. melittin (0.1 microm) decreased the threshold of ca(2+)-induced ca2+ release by 20% in equine muscle and by 36% in human muscle. if terminal cisternae fractions were first preloaded with ca2+ to greater than about 75% of the threshold of ca(2+)-induced ca2+ release and then melittin added, an immediate and sustained release of ca2+ occurred in preparations from ... | 1992 | 1279340 |
| growth inhibition and modulation of antigenic phenotype in human melanoma and glioblastoma multiforme cells by caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape) | the active component of the honeybee hive product propolis, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape), has been shown to display increased toxicity toward various oncogene-transformed cell lines in comparison with their untransformed counterparts (su et al., 4: 231-242, 1991). this observation provides support for the concept that it is the transformed phenotype which is specifically sensitive to cape. in the present study, we have determined the effect of cape on the growth and antigenic phenotype of ... | 1992 | 1281753 |
| magnetite in human tissues: a mechanism for the biological effects of weak elf magnetic fields. | due to the apparent lack of a biophysical mechanism, the question of whether weak, low-frequency magnetic fields are able to influence living organisms has long been one of the most controversial subjects in any field of science. however, two developments during the past decade have changed this perception dramatically, the first being the discovery that many organisms, including humans, biochemically precipitate the ferrimagnetic mineral magnetite (fe3o4). in the magnetotactic bacteria, the geo ... | 1992 | 1285705 |
| phospholipase a2 inhibitors from marine organisms. | this review of phospholipase a2 (pla2) inhibitors from marine organisms presents a compilation of research in this field over the past decade. as an introduction to the research on marine natural products, there is an overview of the role of pla2 in inflammation that provides a rationale for seeking inhibitors of pla2 as anti-inflammatory agents. a radiometric assay to measure inhibition of bee venom pla2 is described in detail. examples of marine natural products that inhibit pla2 are manoalide ... | 1992 | 1294693 |
| specific allergen induced motility of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in insect sting allergy. | the motility of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (mnc) and polymorphonuclear (pmn) leukocytes from normal and bee venom allergic subjects was investigated by a modified boyden micropore filter method. the study comprised mnc locomotion in bee venom and histamine gradients and pmn locomotion in bee venom and fmlp gradients. we demonstrated statistically significant increase in mnc and pmn motility towards bee venom in allergic patients group. this effect disappeared after the preincubation of m ... | 1992 | 1299166 |
| a molecular model for membrane fusion based on solution studies of an amphiphilic peptide from hiv gp41. | the mechanism of protein-mediated membrane fusion and lysis has been investigated by solution-state studies of the effects of peptides on liposomes. a peptide (si) corresponding to a highly amphiphilic c-terminal segment from the envelope protein (gp41) of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) was synthesized and tested for its ability to cause lipid membranes to fuse together (fusion) or to break open (lysis). these effects were compared to those produced by the lytic and fusogenic peptide fro ... | 1992 | 1303764 |
| thermodynamics of melittin tetramerization determined by circular dichroism and implications for protein folding. | the tetramerization of melittin, a 26-amino acid peptide from apis mellifera bee venom, has been studied as a model for protein folding. melittin converts from a monomeric random coil to an alpha-helical tetramer as the ph is raised from 4.0 to 9.5, as ionic strength is increased, as temperature is raised or lowered from about 37 degrees c, or as phosphate is added. the thermodynamics of this tetramerization (termed "folding") are explored using circular dichroism. the melittin tetramer has two ... | 1992 | 1304363 |
| release of carrot plasma membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol kinase by phospholipase a2 and activation by a 70 kda protein. | plasma membranes were isolated from carrot (daucus carota l.) cells grown in suspension culture and treated with phospholipase a2 from snake or bee venom for 10 min. as a result of this treatment, phosphatidylinositol kinase activity was recovered in the soluble fraction. there was no detectable diacylglycerol kinase or phosphatidylinositol monophosphate kinase activity released from the membranes after the phospholipase a2 treatment. treating the plasma membranes with phospholipase c or d did n ... | 1992 | 1311960 |
| melittin-induced alterations in dynamic properties of human red blood cell membranes. | the interaction of bee venom melittin with erythrocyte membrane ghosts has been investigated by means of fluorescence quenching of membrane tryptophan residues, fluorescence polarization and esr spectroscopy. it has been revealed that melittin induces the disorders in lipid-protein matrix both in the hydrophobic core of bilayer and at the polar/non-polar interface of melittin complexed with erythrocyte membranes. the peptide has been found to act most efficiently at the concentration of the orde ... | 1992 | 1314707 |
| appearance of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in soleus muscles from shr. | the depressed functional capabilities of spontaneously hypertensive rat (shr) muscles, reported previously (exp. neurol. 95: 249-264, 1987), may reflect a decrease in muscle responsiveness to catecholamines occurring as a consequence of exposure to the elevated level of plasma catecholamines in shr. responsiveness to applied catecholamines was determined in shr and wistar-kyoto rat (wky) soleus by measuring muscle resting membrane potentials (rmp) in vitro. epinephrine (10(-6) m) produced a simi ... | 1992 | 1317105 |
| measurement of the secondary structure of adsorbed protein by circular dichroism. 1. measurements of the helix content of adsorbed melittin. | a new circular dichroism (cd) technique is presented which quantifies, in situ, the changes in protein and peptide secondary structure upon adsorption at the quartz/liquid interface. far-uv cd spectra of adsorbed proteins were recorded from several quartz interfaces contained in a specially constructed cell. adsorbed, oriented alpha-helical spectra were recorded from hydrophilic and hydrophobic quartz using the bee venom peptide, melittin, which can be induced into an alpha-helical, tetrameric c ... | 1992 | 1318078 |
| rapid displacement chromatography of melittin on micropellicular octadecyl-silica. | rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis and displacement purification of melittin and its variants were carried out by reversed-phase chromatography. high speed of separation was achieved by the use of columns packed with a micropellicular stationary phase consisting of a thin c18 hydrocarbonaceous layer on the surface of 2-microns fluid-impervious silica microspheres at elevated temperature. in the case of melittin from bee venom or its synthetic variants the plots of the logarit ... | 1992 | 1322419 |
| ergogenic and ergolytic substances. | genetic endowment and proper training are the major factors contributing to athletic success in endurance and ultraendurance events. proper nutrition, primarily adequate carbohydrate and fluid, prior to and during the event is also critical. endurance athletes often utilize other nutritional substances or practices, often referred to as ergogenics, in attempts to obtain a competitive edge by enhancing energy utilization and delaying the onset of fatigue. numerous nutritional ergogenics have been ... | 1992 | 1328803 |
| interaction of polypeptides with the gastric (h+ + k+)atpase: melittin, synthetic analogs, and a potential intracellular regulatory protein. | the 26 amino acid bee venom toxin, melittin, is an amphipathic helical polypeptide which inhibits the gastric (h+ + k+)atpase. the site of interaction with the (h+ + k+)atpase was shown to be the alpha subunit of the (h+ + k+)atpase in studies using [125i]azidosalicylyl melittin, a radioactive photoaffinity analog of melittin. a synthetic amphipathic polypeptide (trp3) containing tryptophan, which exhibits a structure similar to that of melittin, also inhibited the gastric (h+ + k+)atpase, and p ... | 1992 | 1334229 |
| the nss mutation or lanthanum inhibits light-induced ca2+ influx into fly photoreceptors. | ion-selective calcium microelectrodes were inserted into the compound eyes of the wild-type sheep blowfly lucilia or into the retina of the no steady state (nss) mutant of lucilia. these electrodes monitored light-induced changes in the extracellular concentration of calcium (delta[ca2+]o) together with the extracellularly recorded receptor potential. prolonged dim lights induced a steady reduction in [ca2+]o during light in the retina of normal lucilia, while relatively little change in [ca2+]o ... | 1992 | 1335476 |
| membrane conductances involved in amplification of small signals by sodium channels in photoreceptors of drone honey bee. | 1. voltage signals of about 1 mv evoked in photoreceptors of the drone honey bee by shallow modulation of a background illumination of an intensity useful for behaviour are thought to be amplified by voltage-dependent na+ channels. to elucidate the roles of the various membrane conductances in this amplification we have studied the effects of the na+ channel blocker tetrodotoxin (ttx) and various putative k+ channel blockers on the membrane potential, vm. 2. superfusion of a slice of retina with ... | 1992 | 1338099 |
| screening for restriction endonucleases in methane-oxidizing bacteria. | 51 methane-oxidizing bacteria strains such as methylomonas methanica, m. rubra, methylococcus capsulatus, m. thermophilus, m. luteus, m. ucrainicus, m. whittenburyi, methylosinus trichosporium, m. sporium, methylocystis parvus isolated from various ecological niches and geographical regions of the ukraine and also the strains received from r. whittenbury and y. heyer were screened for restriction endonucleases. type ii restriction endonucleases were detected in imv b-3112 (= 12 b), imv b-3027 (= ... | 1992 | 1338116 |
| evolution of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase ii gene among 10 orders of insects. | we examine the complete nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase ii gene of 13 species of insects, representing 10 orders. the genes range from 673 to 690 bp in length, encoding 226 to 229 amino acids. several insertion or deletion events, each involving one or two codons, can be observed. the 3' end of the gene is extremely variable in both length and sequence, making alignment of the ends unreliable. using the first 639 nucleotide positions, for which unambiguous alignments ... | 1992 | 1342923 |
| phylogenetic relationships in the honeybee (genus apis) as determined by the sequence of the cytochrome oxidase ii region of mitochondrial dna. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase ii (coii) gene was determined for five species of the honeybee (genus: apis): a. andreniformis, a. cerana, a. dorsata, a. florea, and a. koschevnikovi; these were then compared to the known sequence of the a. millifera gene from crozier et al. (1989, mol. biol. evol., 6: 399-411) and the wasp excristes roborator (liu and beckenbach, 1992, mol. phylogenet. evol., 1:41-52). phylogenetic relationships were derived using the pa ... | 1992 | 1342933 |
| genetic variability in the social bee lasioglossum marginatum and a cryptic undescribed sibling species, as detected by dna fingerprinting and allozyme electrophoresis. | dna fingerprints (dnafp) were obtained for three widely separated samples of bee related to lasioglossum marginatum using the m13 sequence as a probe. bee samples were obtained from france (three localities separated by at most 20 km), greece and india. all european populations exhibited almost identical profiles with similarity indices (s) of over 98% within a french sample, 94% among greek bees and 90% between greek and french bees. the dnafp profiles of indian bees showed more polymorphism (i ... | 1992 | 1343781 |
| alpha 1-6(alpha 1-3)-difucosylation of the asparagine-bound n-acetylglucosamine in honeybee venom phospholipase a2. | chymotryptic glycopeptides were prepared from a honeybee (apis mellifica) venom phospholipase a2 (e.c. 3.1.1.4) fraction, with high affinity towards lentil (lens culinaris) lectin. treatment of the glycopeptide mixture with peptide-n4-(n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase a, followed by hplc fractionation, yielded two oligosaccharides, which were analysed by 500 mhz 1h-nmr spectroscopy to give the following structures [formula: see text] this is the first report on a naturally occurring ... | 1992 | 1344712 |
| dissociated neurons of the pupal honeybee brain in cell culture. | primary cell cultures were prepared from specific regions of the pupal honeybee brain which are involved in proboscis extension learning. defined areas could be dissociated purely by mechanical treatment. we show that cultured neurons regenerate new neurites and remain viable for up to three weeks in a serum-free, chemically-defined medium. several labelling techniques were employed to identify subpopulations of cultured neurons. for example, acetylcholinesterase staining; fluorescent beads to d ... | 1992 | 1354720 |
| effect of galleria mellonella larvae preparation and honeybee products on cell cultures. | 1. the action of the extract from larvae of the great wax moth galleria mellonella l. used in russian folk medicine was studied. 2. two active components influencing the growth and morphological differentiation of cells in vitro were found. 3. the presence of these components in the extract was conditioned by consumption of honeybee products by galleria mellonella larvae. 4. cytotoxicity of honeybee products was studied. | 1992 | 1358524 |
| [a case of unusual occupational allergy to bee venom]. | the authors discuss an exceptional case of allergy to bee venom in a zoo-technician working on a morphological analysis of bees. during her work, the zoo-technician was repeatedly stung, initially with only small local reaction. after six-year period of work, the symptoms that followed stinging had all the characteristics of general oedema. next years of exposure to bee venom resulted in collapse in the patient. allergological examinations indicated work-related hypersensitivity to bee venom. th ... | 1992 | 1359383 |
| the 28s ribosomal rna-encoding gene of hymenoptera: inserted sequences in the retrotransposon-rich regions. | the genomes of two parasitoid wasps, diadromus pulchellus and eupelmus vuilleti, and the honey bee, apis mellifera, contain few interspersed repeated sequences corresponding to transposons (tn). this suggests that the genomic organisation of hymenoptera could be due to the elimination of deleterious tn in haploid males. we have used restriction-fragment length polymorphism analysis to show that nondeleterious tn are present in the dna (rdna) encoding ribosomal rna of twelve species of hymenopter ... | 1992 | 1359989 |
| [conditioned reflexes and memory in the honey bee]. | 2008 | 1362311 | |
| evolutionary history of the honey bee apis mellifera inferred from mitochondrial dna analysis. | variability of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of the honey bee apis mellifera l. has been investigated by restriction and sequence analyses on a sample of 68 colonies from ten different subspecies. the 19 mtdna types detected are clustered in three major phylogenetic lineages. these clades correspond well to three groups of populations with distinct geographical distributions: branch a for african subspecies (intermissa, monticola, scutellata, andansonii and capensis), branch c for north mediterranea ... | 1992 | 1364272 |
| extracellular production system of heterologous peptide driven by a secretory protease inhibitor of streptomyces. | the value of a heterologous peptide extracellular production system in streptomyces using a secretory protease inhibitor, was examined. dna was synthesized encoding apidaecin 1b (ap1), an interesting antibacterial peptide discovered in lymph fluid of the honeybee, and was joined to the streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (ssi) gene via a 12-bp nucleotide sequence corresponding to the amino acid sequence specific for cleavage by blood coagulation factor xa. the fusion protein (ssi-ap1) could be exp ... | 1992 | 1368016 |
| the antigenicity of the carbohydrate moiety of an insect glycoprotein, honey-bee (apis mellifera) venom phospholipase a2. the role of alpha 1,3-fucosylation of the asparagine-bound n-acetylglucosamine. | a rabbit polyclonal antiserum raised against honey-bee (apis mellifera) venom phospholipase a2 (pla2) contains antibodies that react exclusively with its glycosylated variants and cross-react with plant glycoproteins. the interaction of anti-(horseradish peroxidase) antiserum with pla2 suggests the existence of a carbohydrate determinant common to both glycoproteins. e.l.i.s.a. binding and inhibition experiments, employing glycoproteins and glycopeptides of plant and animal origin with known n-g ... | 1992 | 1376112 |
| k+ channel involvement in induction of synaptic enhancement by mast cell degranulating (mcd) peptide. | a bee venom, mast cell degranulating peptide (mcd), which induces long-term potentiation (ltp) of synaptic transmission in hippocampal slices, was found to possess multiple functions. they include (1) binding and thereby inhibiting a voltage-dependent k(+)-channel in brain membranes, (2) incorporation in a lipid bilayer to form voltage-dependent and cation-selective channels by itself, and (3) activation of a pertussis toxin (ptx)-sensitive gtp-binding proteins. in this study, we prepared severa ... | 1992 | 1376885 |
| mapping human t cell epitopes on phospholipase a2: the major bee-venom allergen. | phospholipase a2 (pla2), the major bee-venom allergen, was purified by gel filtration, inactivated by denaturing, and carboxymethylating its cysteine residues. peripheral blood mononuclear cells from an individual (hla-dr2 [15], dw52, dq1 and dq3) allergic to bee stings were used to generate cell lines specific for pla2 and a control antigen, tetanus toxoid. these lines were 90% cd3+, 64% cd4+ and 20% cd8+ by fluorocytometry analysis. t-lymphocyte epitope mapping done with 12 overlapping synthet ... | 1992 | 1378459 |
| eye regionalization and spectral tuning of retinal pigments in insects. | the spatial and spectral properties of an eye can often be directly linked to the behaviour and habitat of the animal. in a honey bee (apis mellifera) society, the drones use the well-developed dorsal part of the eye to detect the queen against the sky during her nuptial flight. recently it has become clear that the dorsal area of the drone's eye serves its task by cleverly combining a number of optical mechanisms, thus achieving a high spatial acuity as well as a high sensitivity precisely in t ... | 1992 | 1378665 |
| mast cell degranulating (mcd) peptide analogs with reduced ring structure. | mast cell degranulating (mcd) peptide, a component of bee venom, is a 22 amino acid peptide with two disulfide bridges. in this first structure-activity study of mcd peptide, three analogs were synthesized and tested: two analogs shortened by omitting sequences 6-10 and 8-13, respectively, and one analog lacking the disulfide bridge between cysteine residues 5 and 19. these analogs were synthesized by solid-phase methods and were compared to mcd peptide in two assays for inflammation: histamine ... | 1992 | 1382440 |
| the nucleotide receptors on mouse c2c12 myotubes. | 1. the response of c2c12 mouse myotubes to stimulation with adenosine triphosphate (atp) and other nucleotides was studied by measuring changes in membrane potential. 2. a transient hyperpolarization followed by a slowly declining depolarization of the cells was observed in the presence of atp (10 microm-1 mm). 3. the hyperpolarization was not observed in the absence of external calcium, and was abolished in the presence of tetraethylammonium (20 mm) or the bee toxin, apamin (0.1 microm). the de ... | 1992 | 1393284 |
| changes in the properties of honeybee haemolymph alpha-glucosidases following dithiothreitol dissociation of native complexes. | 1. the higher relative molecular mass (m(r)) forms of larval honeybee haemolymph alpha-glucosidases are dissociated by dithiothreitol (dtt) into lower m(r) electrophoretic forms, without any important loss of activity. 2. the maximum velocity remains unchanged and the apparent dissociation constant is slightly increased, with ki approximately equal to 247 mm and i50 approximately equal to 730 mm. 3. by contrast, the major changes affect the hill coefficient which decreases from 1.0 in controls t ... | 1992 | 1397502 |
| metabolic rate during foraging in the honeybee. | the metabolic rate of free-flying honeybees, apis mellifera ligustica, was determined by means of a novel respirometric device that allowed measurement of co2 produced by bees foraging under controlled reward at an artificial food source. metabolic rate increased with reward (sugar flow rate) at the food source. in addition, there was no clear-cut dependence of metabolic rate on load carried during the visit, neither as crop load nor as supplementary weights attached to the thorax. the hypothesi ... | 1992 | 1401337 |
| retinal photoisomerase: role in invertebrate visual cells. | in invertebrate visual cells, the rhodopsin content is maintained at a high level by the fast process of photoregeneration during daylight. rhodopsin is converted by photoabsorption to metarhodopsin, which is reconverted to rhodopsin by light. in addition, rhodopsin is regenerated by a slow process of renewal which takes days to complete and involves the biosynthesis of opsin. it is well known that rhodopsin can be formed from opsin only when 11-cis-retinal is present; this requires the existenc ... | 1992 | 1403367 |
| allergy: conventional and alternative concepts. summary of a report of the royal college of physicians committee on clinical immunology and allergy. | allergy is an exaggerated response of the immune system to external substances. it plays a role in a wide range of diseases. in some, such as summer hayfever, the symptoms are entirely due to allergy. in other conditions, particularly asthma, eczema and urticaria, allergy plays a part in some patients but not all. in these situations, allergy may either have a major role or provide just one of many triggers. in an individual patient's illness, the importance of allergy may change with time. the ... | 1992 | 1404018 |
| [levels of mercury in samples of bees and honey from areas with and without industrial contamination]. | increasing numbers of specialists have been concerned with the problem of friendly environment in relation to man as well as to farm and wild animals. greater interest in the biological monitoring of environment and ecosystem contamination can be observed. determination of residues of organic and inorganic substances in bees (apis mellifera) and in their products is one of effective possibilities of environmental pollution monitoring. our work was aimed at the study of mercury levels in bees and ... | 1992 | 1413402 |
| allergy and cancer: organ site-specific results from the adventist health study. | the relation between allergy and risk of cancer was evaluated in a cohort study of 34,198 seventh-day adventists in california. information on prevalence of asthma, hay fever, and reactions to chemicals, medications, bee stings, and poison oak (or ivy) was obtained by questionnaire in 1976. the reported allergies must have been serious enough to require treatment by a physician. the cohort was then followed for 6 years (1977-1982). both stratified analysis and cox proportional hazards regression ... | 1995 | 1415150 |
| melittin-induced changes in lipid multilayers. a solid-state nmr study. | solid-state 1h, 13c, 14n, and 31p nmr spectroscopy was used to study the effects of the bee venom peptide, melittin, on aligned multilayers of dimyristoyl-, dilauryl- and ditetradecyl-phosphatidylcholines above the gel to liquid-crystalline transition temperature, tc. both 31p spectra from the lipid headgroups and 1h resonances from the lipid acyl chain methylene groups indicate that the peptide does not affect the mosaic spread of the lipid molecules at lipid:peptide molar ratios of 10:1, or hi ... | 1992 | 1420892 |
| conformational studies of anionic melittin analogues: effect of peptide concentration, ph, ionic strength, and temperature--models for protein folding and halophilic proteins. | melittin (mlt), a 26-residue cationic (net charge +5 at ph 7.2) peptide from bee venom, is well known to be a monomeric, approximately random coil; but when its charges are reduced by titration, by acetylation (net charge +2) or succinylation (net charge -2), or by screening by salt, it goes over to tetrameric alpha-helix. the conversion is promoted by raising the peptide concentration. the tetramer is held together by hydrophobic forces. we have changed the net charge to -6 by acylation with ac ... | 2000 | 1420981 |
| allergy. conventional and alternative concepts. a report of the royal college of physicians committee on clinical immunology and allergy. | allergy is an exaggerated response of the immune system to external substances. it plays a role in a wide range of diseases. in some, such as summer hayfever, the symptoms are due entirely to allergy. in other conditions, particularly asthma, eczema and urticaria, allergy plays a part in some patients but not all. in these situations, allergy may have either a major role or provide just one of many triggers. in an individual patient's illness, the importance of allergy may change with time. the ... | 1992 | 1422946 |
| effect of caffeic acid esters on carcinogen-induced mutagenicity and human colon adenocarcinoma cell growth. | propolis, a honey bee hive product, is thought to exhibit a broad spectrum of activities including antibiotic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and tumor growth inhibition; some of the observed biological activities may be due to caffeic acid (cinnamic acid) esters that are present in propolis. in the present study we synthesized three caffeic acid esters, namely methyl caffeate (mc), phenylethyl caffeate (pec) and phenylethyl dimethylcaffeate (pedmc) and tested them against the 3,2'-dimethyl-4-amin ... | 1992 | 1423745 |
| percutaneous absorption of nicotinic acid, phenol, benzoic acid and triclopyr butoxyethyl ester through rat and human skin in vitro: further validation of an in vitro model by comparison with in vivo data. | the in vitro percutaneous absorption of three model compounds, nicotinic acid, phenol and benzoic acid, and the herbicide triclopyr butoxyethyl ester (triclopyr bee) has been investigated in flow-through diffusion cells using skin from male fischer 344 rats and humans. after the application of the four chemicals to the epidermal surface of unoccluded full-thickness rat skin, the absorption of each compound across the skin and into the receptor fluid at 72 hr reached 3.7 +/- 0.3, 5.7 +/- 0.6, 26. ... | 1992 | 1427512 |
| evidence for a single catalytic site of honeybee alpha-glucosidase i by chemical modification with diethylpyrocarbonate. | honeybee alpha-glucosidase i was inactivated with diethylpyrocarbonate (depc). the inactivation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. the rate of the loss of activity was decreased by the addition of a substrate, maltose. since there was no spectral change in the tyrosine absorption region, it was recognized that depc did not react with this residue. the alpha-glucosidase had one free sulfhydryl group, which was not involved in the catalytic reaction, and was not modified by depc. on the other h ... | 1992 | 1429501 |
| changes in brain amine levels associated with the morphological and behavioural development of the worker honeybee. | changes in biogenic amine levels associated with the morphological and behavioural development of the worker honeybee are examined. a significant increase in amine levels in the head of the honeybee is associated with transition from the larval to pupal stage. adult emergence is also accompanied by a significant increase in 5-ht levels in the brain, but no significant change in brain dopamine (da) levels. nada (n-acetyldopamine) levels increase during larval and pupal development, but in contras ... | 1992 | 1432851 |
| non-cyclooxygenase-derived prostanoids (f2-isoprostanes) are formed in situ on phospholipids. | we recently reported the discovery of a series of bioactive prostaglandin f2-like compounds (f2-isoprostanes) that are produced in vivo by free radical-catalyzed peroxidation of arachidonic acid independent of the cyclooxygenase enzyme. inasmuch as phospholipids readily undergo peroxidation, we examined the possibility that f2-isoprostanes may be formed in situ on phospholipids. initial support for this hypothesis was obtained by the finding that levels of free f2-isoprostanes measured after hyd ... | 1992 | 1438268 |
| [is penicillin g the drug of choice in gas gangrene? results of a prospective documentation of clinical, microbiological and animal experiment data]. | between 1978 and 1990 98 patients with gas gangrene were treated in the departments of general surgery and traumatology of the university of kiel. the microbiological results of tissue samples and results of animal infectious experiments were correlated to the clinical outcome. it could be shown, that gas gangrene due to c.perfringens alone had a higher mortality than gas gangrene due to polymicrobial infection. in trauma patients, however, the rate of amputations was lower in cases of clostridi ... | 1992 | 1441790 |
| allozyme variation in bumble bees (hymenoptera: apidae). | allozyme variation at an average of 37.3 loci was assessed in queens of 16 bombus and 2 psithyrus bumble bee species from north america. the mean expected heterozygosity (h) for the bombus species was 0.008 +/- 0.006 (95% confidence limits) and that for the psithyrus was 0.007 +/- 0.007. these levels are significantly lower than found in other hymenoptera but are comparable to those found in previous studies of bumble bees based on far fewer loci. neutral mutation and random genetic drift can ac ... | 1992 | 1445186 |
| detection of clostridium botulinum in natural sweetening. | various sugar products were examined for contamination with c. botulinum spores. type a, b and c spores were detected in three of 56 samples of sugar for apiculture, which may attest the significance of bee-feed as a source of contamination of honey. the heavy contamination of honey with c. botulinum spores sometimes encountered, however, can not be explained unless some other factors, e.g., that allowing germination and multiplication of the spores somewhere during honey production, are found. ... | 1992 | 1445754 |
| high-level expression in escherichia coli and rapid purification of enzymatically active honey bee venom phospholipase a2. | bee venom phospholipase a2 (bv-pla2) is a hydrolytic enzyme that specifically cleaves the sn-2 acyl bond of phospholipids at the lipid/water interface. the same enzyme is also believed to be responsible for some systemic anaphylactic reactions in bee venom sensitized individuals. to study the structure/function relationships of this enzyme and to define the molecular determinants responsible for its allergenic potential, a synthetic gene encoding the mature form of bv-pla2 was expressed in esche ... | 1992 | 1450215 |
| the bezold-brücke effect in the color vision system of the honeybee. | evidence is presented that intensity dependent color shifts (bezold-brücke effect) occur in the color vision system of the honeybee. the evidence comes from a fit between the choices of monochromatic lights in training experiments (menzel, r., 1981; journal of comparative physiology a, 141, 389-393) and the choice percentages derived now from recently presented quantitative predictions from the color opponent coding (coc) model for the bee (backhaus, w., 1991; vision research, 31, 1381-1397) for ... | 1992 | 1455716 |