Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| discovery of catalytically active orthologues of the parkinson's disease kinase pink1: analysis of substrate specificity and impact of mutations. | missense mutations of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (pten)-induced kinase 1 (pink1) gene cause autosomal-recessive parkinson's disease. to date, little is known about the intrinsic catalytic properties of pink1 since the human enzyme displays such low kinase activity in vitro. we have discovered that, in contrast to mammalian pink1, insect orthologues of pink1 we have investigated-namely drosophila melanogaster (dpink1), tribolium castaneum (tcpink1) and pediculus humanus corporis (phcpink1 ... | 2011 | 22645651 |
| how does juvenile hormone control insect metamorphosis and reproduction? | in insects juvenile hormone (jh) regulates both metamorphosis and reproduction. this lecture focuses on our current understanding of jh action at the molecular level in both of these processes based primarily on studies in the tobacco hornworm manduca sexta, the flour beetle tribolium castaneum, the mosquito aedes aegypti, and the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster. the roles of the jh receptor complex and the transcription factors that it regulates during larval molting and metamorphosis are sum ... | 2012 | 22728566 |
| a major facilitator superfamily protein participates in the reddish brown pigmentation in bombyx mori. | muck is a member of the major facilitator super family (mfs) and is within a subgroup involved in the uptake of organic acids. here, we provide the first evidence that muck is required for normal body color pattern in insect larvae. in the cts mutant strain of bombyx mori (linnaeus), the larval anal plates, prothoracic tergum, and the head are reddish brown, as opposed to the white color found in the wild type. positional cloning of the cts gene was carried out and it was mapped within 90kb on t ... | 2012 | 22885739 |
| heat shock-mediated misexpression of genes in the beetle tribolium castaneum. | insect gene function has mainly been studied in the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster because in this species many techniques and resources are available for gene knock down and the ectopic activation of gene function. however, in order to study biological aspects that are not represented by the drosophila model, and in order to test to what degree gene functions are conserved within insects and what changes in gene function accompanied the evolution of novel traits, the establishment of respect ... | 2012 | 22890852 |
| screening and identification of a bacillus thuringiensis strain s1/4 with large and efficient insecticidal activities. | the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis was recognized for its entomopathogenic activities related to cry and cyt proteins forming the δ-endotoxins and some extracellular activities like the vegetative insecticidal proteins (vip) and cry1i. these activities may act specifically against diverse organisms and some of them typically characterize each strain. here, we screened a set of 212 b. thuringiensis strains to search the higher insecticidal activities. these strains had bipyramidal and cubic cry ... | 2013 | 22915162 |
| egfr signaling regulates distal as well as medial fate in the embryonic leg of tribolium castaneum. | the evolution of a mechanism to generate a proximal-distal axis perpendicular to the anterior-posterior body axis was a key event in arthropod evolution and facilitated the formation of multi-functional limbs. the study of proximodistal limb patterning in extant arthropods can provide insight into the origin and evolution of the proximal-distal axis. in drosophila melanogaster, proximal-distal patterning is mainly organized by wg/dpp signaling. egfr signaling is also involved, but is restricted ... | 2012 | 22921411 |
| sex determination in beetles: production of all male progeny by parental rnai knockdown of transformer. | sex in insects is determined by a cascade of regulators ultimately controlling sex-specific splicing of a transcription factor, doublesex (dsx). we recently identified homolog of dsx in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum (tcdsx). here, we report on the identification and characterization of a regulator of tcdsx splicing in t. castaneum. two male-specific and one female-specific isoforms of t. castaneum transformer (tctra) were identified. rna interference-aided knockdown of tctra in pupa ... | 2012 | 22924109 |
| performance of pre-commercial release formulations of spinosad against five stored-product insect species on four stored commodities. | two liquid and one dry pre-commercial release spinosad formulations were evaluated at the labeled rate of 1 ppm against five stored-grain insect species on wheat, short-grain rice, long-grain rice, and maize. except on maize, efficacy of spinosad was compared with a currently registered grain protectant, chlorpyrifos-methyl (3 ppm) plus deltamethrin (0.5 ppm). the 7- and 14-day mortalities of the lesser grain borer, rhyzopertha dominica, were 99.0-100.0% on spinosad and chlorpyrifos-methyl plus ... | 2011 | 22962550 |
| the skeletomuscular system of the larva of drosophila melanogaster (drosophilidae, diptera): a contribution to the morphology of a model organism. | the morphological features of the third instar larva of the most important insect model, drosophila melanogaster, are documented for the first time using a broad spectrum of modern morphological techniques. external structures of the body wall, the cephaloskeleton, and the musculature are described and illustrated. additional information about other internal organs is provided. the systematic implications of the findings are discussed briefly. internal apomorphic features of brachycera and cyclo ... | 2013 | 23010508 |
| early patterning and blastodermal fate map of the head in the milkweed bug oncopeltus fasciatus. | the process of head development in insects utilizes a set of widely conserved genes, but this process and its evolution are not well understood. recent data from tribolium castaneum have provided a baseline for an understanding of insect head development. however, work on a wider range of insect species, including members of the hemimetabolous orders, is needed in order to draw general conclusions about the evolution of head differentiation and regionalization. we have cloned and studied the exp ... | 2011 | 23016905 |
| a resurrected mammalian hat transposable element and a closely related insect element are highly active in human cell culture. | chromosome structure and function are influenced by transposable elements, which are mobile dna segments that can move from place to place. hat elements are a superfamily of dna cut and paste elements that move by excision and integration. we have characterized two hat elements, tcbuster and space invaders (spin), that are members of a recently described subfamily of hat elements called buster elements. we show that tcbuster, from the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum, is highly active in hum ... | 2012 | 23091042 |
| cap'n'collar differentiates the mandible from the maxilla in the beetle tribolium castaneum. | 2012 | 23114106 | |
| comparative analysis of the recently discovered hat transposon tcbuster in human cells. | transposons are useful tools for creating transgenic organisms, insertional mutagenesis, and genome engineering. tcbuster, a novel hat-family transposon system derived from the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum, was shown to be highly active in previous studies in insect embryoes. | 2012 | 23166581 |
| identification of maternally-loaded rna transcripts in unfertilized eggs of tribolium castaneum. | maternal rnas play a critical role in early development. variation in the diversity and levels of maternally derived gene transcripts may be central to the origin of phenotypic novelty -- a longstanding problem in evolution and development. by studying maternal transcriptomes within and between divergent species, a better understanding of the evolutionary forces acting on maternal rna allocation is possible. | 2012 | 23181844 |
| gene families of cuticular proteins analogous to peritrophins (cpaps) in tribolium castaneum have diverse functions. | the functional characterization of an entire class of 17 genes from the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum, which encode two families of cuticular proteins analogous to peritrophins (cpaps) has been carried out. cpap genes in t. castaneum are expressed exclusively in cuticle-forming tissues and have been classified into two families, cpap1 and cpap3, based on whether the proteins contain either one (cpap1), or three copies (cpap3) of the chitin-binding domain, chtbd2, with its six characteris ... | 2012 | 23185457 |
| changes in anterior head patterning underlie the evolution of long germ embryogenesis. | early embryonic stages differ significantly among related animal taxa while subsequent development converges at the conserved phylotypic stage before again diverging. although this phenomenon has long been observed, its underlying genetic mechanisms remain enigmatic. the dipteran drosophila melanogaster develops as a long germ embryo where the head anlagen form a cap at the anterior pole of the blastoderm. consequently, the anterior and terminal maternal systems give crucial input for head patte ... | 2013 | 23201022 |
| doublesex target genes in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | sex determination cascade in insects terminates with the production of sex-specific protein, doublesex (dsx). we identified the dsx homolog (tcdsx) in tribolium castaneum. the pre-mrna of tcdsx is sex-specifically spliced into three female (tcdsxf1, tcdsxf2 and tcdsxf3) and one male-specific (tcdsxm) isoforms. cis-regulatory elements potentially involved in sex-specific splicing of the tcdsx pre-mrna were identified in the female-specific exon and the adjoining intronic sequences. all the three ... | 2012 | 23230513 |
| electroporation-mediated somatic transgenesis for rapid functional analysis in insects. | transgenesis is a powerful technique for determining gene function; however, it is time-consuming. it is virtually impossible to carry out in non-model insects in which egg manipulation and screening are difficult. we have established a rapid genetic functional analysis system for non-model insects using a low-cost electroporator (costing under us$200) designed for somatic transformation with the piggybac transposon. using this system, we successfully generated somatic transgenic cell clones in ... | 2013 | 23250219 |
| functional analysis of the atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter gene family of tribolium castaneum. | the atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters belong to a large superfamily of proteins that have important physiological functions in all living organisms. most are integral membrane proteins that transport a broad spectrum of substrates across lipid membranes. in insects, abc transporters are of special interest because of their role in insecticide resistance. | 2013 | 23324493 |
| structure, evolution and function of the bi-directionally transcribed iab-4/iab-8 microrna locus in arthropods. | in drosophila melanogaster, the iab-4/iab-8 locus encodes bi-directionally transcribed micrornas that regulate the function of flanking hox transcription factors. we show that bi-directional transcription, temporal and spatial expression patterns and hox regulatory function of the iab-4/iab-8 locus are conserved between fly and the beetle tribolium castaneum. computational predictions suggest iab-4 and iab-8 micrornas can target common sites, and cell-culture assays confirm that iab-4 and iab-8 ... | 2013 | 23335784 |
| proteome response of tribolium castaneum larvae to bacillus thuringiensis toxin producing strains. | susceptibility of tribolium castaneum (tc) larvae was determined against spore-crystal mixtures of five coleopteran specific and one lepidopteran specific bacillus thuringiensis cry toxin producing strains and those containing the structurally unrelated cry3ba and cry23aa/cry37aa proteins were found toxic (lc(50) values 13.53 and 6.30 µg spore-crystal mixture/µl flour disc, respectively). using itraq combined with lc-ms/ms allowed the discovery of seven novel differentially expressed proteins in ... | 2013 | 23372850 |
| transcription profiling of immune genes during parasite infection in susceptible and resistant strains of the flour beetles (tribolium castaneum). | the flour beetle, tribolium castaneum, is an intermediate host for the tapeworm hymenolepis diminuta and has become an important genetic model to explore immune responses to parasite infection in insect hosts. the present study examined the immune responses to tapeworm infection in resistant (tiw1) and susceptible (csm) strains of the red flour beetle, t. castaneum, using real-time quantitative reverse transcription pcr on 29 immunity-related genes that exhibit antimicrobial properties. thirteen ... | 2013 | 23380036 |
| retroactive maintains cuticle integrity by promoting the trafficking of knickkopf into the procuticle of tribolium castaneum. | molting, or the replacement of the old exoskeleton with a new cuticle, is a complex developmental process that all insects must undergo to allow unhindered growth and development. prior to each molt, the developing new cuticle must resist the actions of potent chitinolytic enzymes that degrade the overlying old cuticle. we recently disproved the classical dogma that a physical barrier prevents chitinases from accessing the new cuticle and showed that the chitin-binding protein knickkopf (knk) pr ... | 2013 | 23382702 |
| accessory gland as a site for prothoracicotropic hormone controlled ecdysone synthesis in adult male insects. | insect steroid hormones (ecdysteroids) are important for female reproduction in many insect species and are required for the initiation and coordination of vital developmental processes. ecdysteroids are also important for adult male physiology and behavior, but their exact function and site of synthesis remains unclear, although previous studies suggest that the reproductive system may be their source. we have examined expression profiles of the ecdysteroidogenic halloween genes, during develop ... | 2013 | 23383307 |
| comparative genomic analysis and evolution of family-b g protein-coupled receptors from six model insect species. | family-b g protein-coupled receptors (gpcr-bs) play vital roles in many biological processes, including growth, development and reproduction. however, the evolution and function of gpcr-bs have been poorly understood in insects. we have identified 87 gpcr-bs from six model insect species, 20 from tribolium castaneum, 9 from apis mellifera, 11 from bombyx mori, 9 from acyrthosiphon pisum, 14 from anopheles gambiae and 24 from drosophila melanogaster. 22 of them were reported in this study for the ... | 2013 | 23428791 |
| evaluation of repellency of some chinese medicinal herbs essential oils against liposcelis bostrychophila (psocoptera: liposcelidae) and tribolium castaneum (coleoptera: tenebrionidae). | the screening for repellency against the booklouse, liposcelis bostrychophila (badonnel), and the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum (herbst), from 14 chinese medicinal herbs showed that the essential oils of curcuma longa l., epimedium pubescens maximouwicz, lindera aggregate (sims) kostermans, nardostachys chinensis battandier, schizonepeta tenuifolia briquet, zanthoxylum schinifolium sieber et zuccarini, and z. officinale roscoe exhibited strong repellency against l. bostrychophila and t. ... | 2013 | 23448068 |
| in silico identification of novel chitinase-like proteins in the silkworm, bombyx mori, genome. | in insects, chitinases participate in the periodic shedding of old exoskeletons and the turnover of peritrophic membranes. chitinase family members have been identified in dozens of species, including tribolium castaneum, drosophila melanogaster, and anopheles gambiae. in this study, nine chitinases and three hypothetical chitinases have been identified in bombyx mori l. (lepidoptera: bombycidae) through genome-wide searching. phylogenetic analyses revealed that seven of them belong to the seven ... | 2012 | 23461297 |
| integrated analysis of cytochrome p450 gene superfamily in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | the functional and evolutionary diversification of insect cytochrome p450s (cyps) shaped the success of insects. cyps constitute one of the largest and oldest gene superfamilies that are found in virtually all aerobic organisms. because of the availability of whole genome sequence and well functioning rna interference (rnai), the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum serves as an ideal insect model for conducting functional genomics studies. although several t. castaneum cyps had been functional ... | 2013 | 23497158 |
| antennal transcriptome analysis of the chemosensory gene families in the tree killing bark beetles, ips typographus and dendroctonus ponderosae (coleoptera: curculionidae: scolytinae). | the european spruce bark beetle, ips typographus, and the north american mountain pine beetle, dendroctonus ponderosae (coleoptera: curculionidae: scolytinae), are severe pests of coniferous forests. both bark beetle species utilize aggregation pheromones to coordinate mass-attacks on host trees, while odorants from host and non-host trees modulate the pheromone response. thus, the bark beetle olfactory sense is of utmost importance for fitness. however, information on the genes underlying olfac ... | 2013 | 23517120 |
| characterization of non-ltr retrotransposable tras elements in the aphids acyrthosiphon pisum and myzus persicae (aphididae, hemiptera). | a non-ltr tras retrotransposon (identified as trasap1) has been amplified in the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum and its presence has been assessed also in the peach potato aphid myzus persicae. this tras element possesses 2 overlapping orfs (a gag-orf1 and a pol-orf2 containing the reverse transcriptase and the endonuclease domains) that show a similarity ranging from 40% to 48% to proteins coded by other tras elements identified in insects (including the beetle tribolium castaneum and the moth b ... | 2013 | 23530141 |
| identification and characterisation of a functional aquaporin water channel (anomala cuprea drip) in a coleopteran insect. | water transport across the plasma membrane depends on the presence of the water channel aquaporin (aqp), which mediates the bulk movement of water through osmotic and pressure gradients. in terrestrial insects, which are solid and/or plant feeders, the entrance and exit of water is primarily executed along the alimentary tract, where the hindgut, particularly the rectum, is the major site of water conservation. a cdna encoding the homologue of the water-specific drosophila aqp [drosophila integr ... | 2013 | 23531819 |
| identification and expression analysis of dicer2 in black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) responses to immune challenges. | dicer is a key initiative protein of the rna interference (rnai) pathway that produces small interfering rnas (sirnas) or micro rnas (mirna), which then leads to rna-directed gene regulation or viral immunity. in the present study, we identified and characterized a dicer2 cdna from black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon (designated as pmdcr2). the full length cdna of pmdcr2 contains a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 109 bp, an open reading frame (orf) of 4509 bp and a 3' utr of 842 bp. the molecular ... | 2013 | 23583958 |
| tribolium castaneum apolipophorin-iii acts as an immune response protein against bacillus thuringiensis cry3ba toxic activity. | in this study, a 2.1-fold apolipophorin-iii mrna up-regulation was found in tribolium castaneum larvae challenged with bacillus thuringiensis cry3ba spore-crystal mixture. knockdown of apolipophorin-iii by rnai resulted in increased t. castaneum larvae susceptibility following cry3ba spore-crystal treatment, demonstrating apolipophorin-iii involvement in insect defense against b. thuringiensis. we showed that apolipophorin-iii participates in t. castaneum immune response to b. thuringiensis acti ... | 2013 | 23602900 |
| two types of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in drosophila and other arthropods. | muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (machrs) play a central role in the mammalian nervous system. these receptors are g protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs), which are activated by the agonists acetylcholine and muscarine, and blocked by a variety of antagonists. mammals have five machrs (m1-m5). in this study, we cloned two structurally related gpcrs from the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster, which, after expression in chinese hamster ovary cells, proved to be muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. o ... | 2013 | 23604020 |
| first evidence of dna methylation in insect tribolium castaneum: environmental regulation of dna methylation within heterochromatin. | dna methylation has been studied in many eukaryotic organisms, in particular vertebrates, and was implicated in developmental and phenotypic variations. little is known about the role of dna methylation in invertebrates, although insects are considered as excellent models for studying the evolution of dna methylation. in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum (tenebrionidae, coleoptera), no evidence of dna methylation has been found till now. in this paper, a cytosine methylation in tribolium ... | 2013 | 23644818 |
| sodium solute symporter and cadherin proteins act as bacillus thuringiensis cry3ba toxin functional receptors in tribolium castaneum. | understanding how bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins interact with proteins in the midgut of susceptible coleopteran insects is crucial to fully explain the molecular bases of bt specificity and insecticidal action. in this work, aminopeptidase n (tcapn-i), e-cadherin (tccad1), and sodium solute symporter (tcsss) have been identified by ligand blot as putative cry3ba toxin-binding proteins in tribolium castaneum (tc) larvae. rna interference knockdown of tccad1 or tcsss proteins resulted in decr ... | 2013 | 23645668 |
| immune competence in insect eggs depends on the extraembryonic serosa. | innate immunity is common to all metazoans and serves as a first line of defense against pathogens. although the immune response of adult and larval insects has been well characterized, it remains unknown whether the insect egg is able to mount an immune response. contrary to drosophila, tribolium eggs develop an extraembryonic epithelium, the serosa. epithelia are well known for their ability to fight infection, so the serosa has the potential to protect the embryo against pathogens. to test th ... | 2013 | 23732406 |
| the red flour beetle as a model for bacterial oral infections. | experimental infection systems are important for studying antagonistic interactions and coevolution between hosts and their pathogens. the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum and the spore-forming bacterial insect pathogen bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are widely used and tractable model organisms. however, they have not been employed yet as an efficient experimental system to study host-pathogen interactions. we used a high throughput oral infection protocol to infect t. castaneum insects with c ... | 2013 | 23737991 |
| the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum as a model to monitor food safety and functionality. | : food quality is a fundamental issue all over the world. there are two major requirements to provide the highest quality of food: having the lowest reachable concentrations of health-threatening ingredients or contaminants and having the optimal concentrations of health-improving functional ingredients. often, the boundaries of both requirements are blurred, as might be best exemplified by nutraceuticals (enriched food products invented to prevent or even treat diseases), for which undesirable ... | 2013 | 23748350 |
| glycogen and glucose metabolism are essential for early embryonic development of the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum. | control of energy metabolism is an essential process for life. in insects, egg formation (oogenesis) and embryogenesis is dependent on stored molecules deposited by the mother or transcribed later by the zygote. in oviparous insects the egg becomes an isolated system after egg laying with all energy conversion taking place during embryogenesis. previous studies in a few vector species showed a strong correlation of key morphogenetic events and changes in glucose metabolism. here, we investigate ... | 2013 | 23750237 |
| juvenile hormone and insulin regulate trehalose homeostasis in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | insulin/igf-1 signaling (iis) has been well studied for its role in the control of life span extension and resistance to a variety of stresses. the drosophila melanogaster insulin-like receptor (inr) mutant showed extended life span due to reduced juvenile hormone (jh) levels. however, little is known about the mechanism of cross talk between iis and jh in regulation of life span extension and resistance to starvation. in the current study, we investigated the role of iis and jh signaling in reg ... | 2013 | 23754959 |
| fine-scale analysis of parasite resistance genes in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | parasite infection impacts population dynamics through effects on fitness and fecundity of the individual host. in addition to the known roles of environmental factors, host susceptibility to parasites has a genetic basis that has not been well characterized. we previously mapped quantitative trait loci (qtl) for susceptibility to rat tapeworm (hymenolepis diminuta) infection in tribolium castaneum using dominant aflp markers; however, the resistance genes were not identified. here, we refined t ... | 2013 | 23770699 |
| the extraembryonic serosa protects the insect egg against desiccation. | insects have been extraordinarily successful in occupying terrestrial habitats, in contrast to their mostly aquatic sister group, the crustaceans. this success is typically attributed to adult traits such as flight, whereas little attention has been paid to adaptation of the egg. an evolutionary novelty of insect eggs is the serosa, an extraembryonic membrane that enfolds the embryo and secretes a cuticle. to experimentally test the protective function of the serosa, we exploit an exceptional po ... | 2013 | 23782888 |
| efficacy of a combination of beta-cyfluthrin and imidacloprid and beta-cyfluthrin alone for control of stored-product insects on concrete. | the insecticidal effect of temprid, a formulation that contains beta-cyfluthrin and imidacloprid, was tested on concrete for control of seven stored-product insect species: the rusty grain beetle, cryptolestes ferrugineus (stephens); the sawtoothed grain beetle, oryzaephilus surinamensis (l.); the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum (herbst); the confused flour beetle, t. confusum jacquelin du val; the hide beetle, dermestes maculatus (degeer); and the psocids liposcelis bostrychophila badonne ... | 2013 | 23786102 |
| determining host suitability of pecan for stored-product insects. | a no-choice test was performed to determine survival and reproductive capacity of stored-product insect pests on pecan, carya illinoensis (wangenheim) koch. insects used were indianmeal moth, plodia interpunctella (hübner) (lepidoptera: pyralidae); sawtoothed grain beetle, oryzaephilus surinamensis (l.) (coleoptera: cucujidae); red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum (herbst) (coleoptera: tenebrionidae); lesser grain borer, rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (coleoptera: bostrichidae); and rusty grain beet ... | 2013 | 23786103 |
| identification of g protein-coupled receptors in the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. | gpcrs play crucial roles in the growth, development and reproduction of organisms. in insects, a large number of gpcrs have been reported for holometabola but not hemimetabola. the recently sequenced pea aphid genome provides us with the opportunity to analyze the evolution and potential functions of gpcrs in hemimetabola. 82 gpcrs were identified from the representative model hemimetabolous insect acyrthosiphon pisum, 37 of which have ests evidence, and 73 are annotated for the first time. a st ... | 2013 | 23792713 |
| comparisons of the embryonic development of drosophila, nasonia, and tribolium. | studying the embryogenesis of diverse insect species is crucial to understanding insect evolution. here, we review current advances in understanding the development of two emerging model organisms: the wasp nasonia vitripennis and the beetle tribolium castaneum in comparison with the well-studied fruit fly drosophila melanogaster. although nasonia represents the most basally branching order of holometabolous insects, it employs a derived long germband mode of embryogenesis, more like that of dro ... | 2017 | 23801665 |
| odoriferous defensive stink gland transcriptome to identify novel genes necessary for quinone synthesis in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | chemical defense is one of the most important traits, which endow insects the ability to conquer a most diverse set of ecological environments. chemical secretions are used for defense against anything from vertebrate or invertebrate predators to prokaryotic or eukaryotic parasites or food competitors. tenebrionid beetles are especially prolific in this category, producing several varieties of substituted benzoquinone compounds. in order to get a better understanding of the genetic and molecular ... | 2013 | 23874211 |
| genome-wide screening for components of small interfering rna (sirna) and micro-rna (mirna) pathways in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (hemiptera: delphacidae). | the brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens, is a major rice pest in asia, and accumulated evidence indicates that this species is susceptible to rna interference (rnai); however, the mechanism underlying rnai and parental rnai has not yet been determined. we comprehensively investigated the repertoire of core genes involved in small interfering rna (sirna) and micro-rna (mirna) pathways in the bph by comparing its newly assembled transcriptome and genome with those of drosophila melanogaste ... | 2013 | 23937246 |
| limitations of rnai of α6 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits for assessing the in vivo sensitivity to spinosad. | spinosad is a widely used insecticide that exerts its toxic effect primarily through interactions with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. the α6 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit is involved in spinosad toxicity as demonstrated by the high levels of resistance observed in strains lacking α6. rnai was performed against the dα6 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit in drosophila melanogaster using the gal4-uas system to examine if rnai would yield results similar to those of dα6 null ... | 2013 | 23955830 |
| identification and expression analysis of a novel r-type lectin from the coleopteran beetle, tenebrio molitor. | we have identified novel ricin-type (r-type) lectin by sequencing of random clones from cdna library of the coleopteran beetle, tenebrio molitor. the cdna sequence is comprised of 495 bp encoding a protein of 164 amino acid residues and shows 49% identity with galectin of tribolium castaneum. bioinformatics analysis shows that the amino acid residues from 35 to 162 belong to ricin-type beta-trefoil structure. the transcript was significantly upregulated after early hours of injection with peptid ... | 2013 | 23962621 |
| natalisin, a tachykinin-like signaling system, regulates sexual activity and fecundity in insects. | an arthropod-specific peptidergic system, the neuropeptide designated here as natalisin and its receptor, was identified and investigated in three holometabolous insect species: drosophila melanogaster, tribolium castaneum, and bombyx mori. in all three species, natalisin expression was observed in 3-4 pairs of the brain neurons: the anterior dorso-lateral interneurons, inferior contralateral interneurons, and small pars intercerebralis neurons. in b. mori, natalisin also was expressed in two ad ... | 2013 | 23980168 |
| heavy metals content, phytochemical composition, antimicrobial and insecticidal evaluation of elaeagnus angustifolia. | elaeagnus angustifolia was analyzed for determination of metals, phytoconstituents, bactericidal, fungicidal and insecticidal effects and to explore its chemical and biological potential. the root, branches, leaves, stem bark and root bark parts of e. angustifolia were found to contain iron, lead, copper, cadmium, zinc, chromium, nickel and cobalt in different concentrations. crude extract of elaeagnus angustifolia (ea.cr) was tested positive for the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins a ... | 2016 | 24081630 |
| sizing up arthropod genomes: an evaluation of the impact of environmental variation on genome size estimates by flow cytometry and the use of qpcr as a method of estimation. | a study was undertaken to evaluate both a pre-existing method and a newly proposed approach for the estimation of nuclear genome sizes in arthropods. first, concerns regarding the reliability of the well-established method of flow cytometry relating to impacts of rearing conditions on genome size estimates were examined. contrary to previous reports, a more carefully controlled test found negligible environmental effects on genome size estimates in the fly drosophila melanogaster. second, a more ... | 2013 | 24168671 |
| the early stages of ommatidial development in the flour beetle tribolium castaneum (coleoptera; tenebrionidae). | using electron microscopy, the first stages of ommatidial development in the flour beetle tribolium castaneum were analysed in relation to the cellular architecture of the adult compound eye and were compared to the corresponding patterning process in the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster. the ommatidia of the slightly horse-shoe shaped beetle compound eye contain six peripheral and two central retinula cells. the rhabdomere of the posteriorly located central photoreceptor cell is restricted to ... | 1996 | 24173466 |
| the tribolium decapentaplegic gene is similar in sequence, structure, and expression to the drosophila dpp gene. | we are characterizing members of the transforming growth factor-β (tgf-β) superfamily in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum, in order to examine the evolutionary conservation of the structure and function of tgf-β-like genes during insect development. a decapentaplegic-like gene of the tgf-β superfamily was isolated in tribolium (tc dpp) that is similar in sequence, organization, and expression to the drosophila melanogaster dpp gene (dm dpp). conserved features include a high degree of s ... | 1996 | 24173563 |
| genomic organization, sequence characterization and expression analysis of tenebrio molitor apolipophorin-iii in response to an intracellular pathogen, listeria monocytogenes. | apolipophorin iii (apolp-iii) is a well-known hemolymph protein having a functional role in lipid transport and immune response of insects. we cloned full-length cdna encoding putative apolp-iii from larvae of the coleopteran beetle, tenebrio molitor (tmapolp-iii), by identification of clones corresponding to the partial sequence of tmapolp-iii, subsequently followed with full length sequencing by a clone-by-clone primer walking method. the complete cdna consists of 890 nucleotides, including an ... | 2014 | 24200961 |
| increased survival in the red flour beetle after oral priming with bacteria-conditioned media. | immune priming is defined as enhanced protection upon secondary exposure to a pathogen. such enhanced resistance after prior exposure has been demonstrated for a number of insect species including the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. in testing this phenomenon, the majority of studies have focused on introducing the pathogen into the insect's hemocoel via septic wounding through the cuticle. although such septic injury can occur in nature, many pathogens enter their hosts via the oral rout ... | 2014 | 24216503 |
| a new bioassay for testing plant extracts and pure compounds using red flour beetletribolium castaneum herbst. | we designed a new bioassay to test plant extract activity against stored product pests. plant compounds were added to feed disks composed of wheat flour and yeast and fed to the red flour bettle (tribolium castaneum). by measuring insect mass, disk mass, and insect mortality over time it was possible to calculate a phagodepression index, an antifeedant index, the amount of treatment chemical ingested by the beetles, the mortality rate, and the efficiency of conversion of ingested food. the assay ... | 1994 | 24242312 |
| the evolving role of the orphan nuclear receptor ftz-f1, a pair-rule segmentation gene. | segmentation is a critical developmental process that occurs by different mechanisms in diverse taxa. in insects, there are three common modes of embryogenesis-short-, intermediate-, and long-germ development-which differ in the number of segments specified at the blastoderm stage. while genes involved in segmentation have been extensively studied in the long-germ insect drosophila melanogaster (dm), it has been found that their expression and function in segmentation in short- and intermediate- ... | 2013 | 24261442 |
| genotype-environment interaction effects on reproductive performance in tribolium castaneum. | three lines of tribolium castaneum were raised totally on a yeast-free or yeast-supplemented diet, or raised to pupation on a yeast-free diet and then on a yeast-supplemented diet, and vice versa, to study the effects of genotype x environment interaction and diet changes after pupation on reproduction.feeding the yeast-supplemented diet generally resulted in earlier sexual maturation, heavier adult weights and higher egg production. the diets had no effects on larval viability. changes in diet ... | 1981 | 24276391 |
| expression of an endoglucanase from tribolium castaneum (tceg1) in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | insects are a largely unexploited resource in prospecting for novel cellulolytic enzymes to improve the production of ethanol fuel from lignocellulosic biomass. the cost of lignocellulosic ethanol production is expected to decrease by the combination of cellulose degradation (saccharification) and fermentation of the resulting glucose to ethanol in a single process, catalyzed by the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed to express efficient cellulases. while s. cerevisiae is an established ... | 2014 | 24318365 |
| characterization of the distal-less gene homologue, nldll, in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (stål). | the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (stål), is a globally devastating insect pest of rice, particularly in eastern asia. distal-less or dll is a highly conserved and well studied transcription factor required for limb formation in invertebrates and vertebrates. we have identified a homologue of this gene, nldll, and demonstrated that it is expressed in all life stages of n. lugens, particularly in adult brachypterous females. when we compared between specific adult tissues it was expressed ... | 2014 | 24321689 |
| a screen for bacterial endosymbionts in the model organisms tribolium castaneum, t. confusum, callosobruchus maculatus, and related species. | reproductive parasites such as wolbachia are extremely widespread amongst the arthropods and can have a large influence over the reproduction and fitness of their hosts. undetected infections could thus confound the results of a wide range of studies that focus on aspects of host behavior, reproduction, fitness, and degrees of reproductive isolation. this potential problem has already been underlined by work investigating the incidence of wolbachia infections in stocks of the model system drosop ... | 2015 | 24347564 |
| identification and biochemical characterization of protein phosphatase 5 from the cantharidin-producing blister beetle, epicauta chinensis. | protein phosphatase 5 (pp5) is a unique member of serine/threonine phosphatases which has been recognized in regulation of diverse cellular processes. a cdna fragment encoding pp5 (ecpp5) was cloned and characterized from the cantharidin-producing blister beetle, e. chinensis. ecpp5 contains an open reading frame of 1500 bp that encodes a protein of 56.89 kda. the deduced amino acid sequence shares 88% and 68% identities to the pp5 of tribolium castaneum and humans, respectively. analysis of the ... | 2013 | 24351830 |
| antimicrobial peptide gene induction, involvement of toll and imd pathways and defense against bacteria in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | using tribolium castaneum, we quantitatively investigated the induction of nine antimicrobial peptide (amp) genes by live gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli and enterobacter cloacae), gram-positive bacteria (micrococcus luteus and bacillus subtilis) and the budding yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae). then, five representative amp genes were selected, and the involvement of the toll and imd pathways in their induction by e. coli, m. luteus and s. cerevisiae was examined by utilizing rna inter ... | 2012 | 24371569 |
| the genome of romanomermis culicivorax: revealing fundamental changes in the core developmental genetic toolkit in nematoda. | the genetics of development in the nematode caenorhabditis elegans has been described in exquisite detail. the phylum nematoda has two classes: chromadorea (which includes c. elegans) and the enoplea. while the development of many chromadorean species resembles closely that of c. elegans, enoplean nematodes show markedly different patterns of early cell division and cell fate assignment. embryogenesis of the enoplean romanomermis culicivorax has been studied in detail, but the genetic circuitry ... | 2013 | 24373391 |
| transcriptome analysis in cotton boll weevil (anthonomus grandis) and rna interference in insect pests. | cotton plants are subjected to the attack of several insect pests. in brazil, the cotton boll weevil, anthonomus grandis, is the most important cotton pest. the use of insecticidal proteins and gene silencing by interference rna (rnai) as techniques for insect control are promising strategies, which has been applied in the last few years. for this insect, there are not much available molecular information on databases. using 454-pyrosequencing methodology, the transcriptome of all developmental ... | 2013 | 24386449 |
| sirna machinery in whitefly (bemisia tabaci). | rna interference has been emerged as an utmost tool for the control of sap sucking insect pests. systemic response is necessary to control them in field condition. whitefly is observed to be more prone to sirna in recent studies, however the sirna machinery and mechanism is not well established. | 2013 | 24391810 |
| dsrna degradation in the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum) associated with lack of response in rnai feeding and injection assay. | over the past decade, rna interference (rnai), the sequence-specific suppression of gene expression, has proven very promising for molecular research in many species, including model insects as tribolium castaneum and apis mellifera. it showed its usefulness to analyze gene function and its potential to manage pest populations and reduce disease pathogens. however, in several insects, the efficiency of rnai is low or very variable at best. one of the factors that could influence rnai efficiency ... | 2014 | 24394433 |
| the development and functions of oenocytes. | oenocytes have intrigued insect physiologists since the nineteenth century. many years of careful but mostly descriptive research on these cells highlights their diverse sizes, numbers, and anatomical distributions across insecta. contemporary molecular genetic studies in drosophila melanogaster and tribolium castaneum support the hypothesis that oenocytes are of ectodermal origin. they also suggest that, in both short and long germ-band species, oenocytes are induced from a spalt major/engraile ... | 2014 | 24397521 |
| identification and embryonic expression of wnt2, wnt4, wnt5 and wnt9 in the millipede glomeris marginata (myriapoda: diplopoda). | the wnt genes encode secreted glycoprotein ligands that are key players during animal development. previous studies revealed the presence of 12 classes of wnt genes in protostomes, although lineage specific losses of wnt genes are common. so far, the gene expression profile of only two complete sets of arthropod wnt genes has been studied; these are the wnt genes of the fly drosophila melanogaster and the beetle tribolium castaneum. insects, however, do not represent good models for the understa ... | 2014 | 24398121 |
| subdivision of arthropod cap-n-collar expression domains is restricted to mandibulata. | the monophyly of mandibulata - the division of arthropods uniting pancrustaceans and myriapods - is consistent with several morphological characters, such as the presence of sensory appendages called antennae and the eponymous biting appendage, the mandible. functional studies have demonstrated that the patterning of the mandible requires the activity of the hox gene deformed and the transcription factor cap-n-collar (cnc) in at least two holometabolous insects: the fruit fly drosophila melanoga ... | 2014 | 24405788 |
| the gap gene krüppel of rhodnius prolixus is required for segmentation and for repression of the homeotic gene sex comb-reduced. | the establishment of the anterior-posterior segmentation in insects requires the concerted action of a hierarchical gene network. here, we study the orthologue of krüppel gap gene in the hemipteran rhodnius prolixus (rp-kr). we characterized its structure, expression pattern and function. the genomic sequence upstream of the rp-kr transcriptional unit shows a putative regulatory region conserved in the orthologue genes from drosophila melanogaster and tribolium castaneum. rp-kr expression is zyg ... | 2014 | 24406318 |
| tribolium embryo morphogenesis: may the force be with you. | development of multicellular organisms depends on patterning and growth mechanisms encoded in the genome, but also on the physical properties and mechanical interactions of the constituent cells that interpret these genetic cues. this fundamental biological problem requires integrated studies at multiple levels of biological organization: from genes, to cell behaviors, to tissue morphogenesis. we have recently combined functional genetics with live imaging approaches in embryos of the insect tri ... | 2017 | 24451992 |
| conservation and evolutionary modifications of neuroblast expression patterns in insects. | one of the major questions in evolutionary developmental neurobiology is how neuronal networks have been adapted to different morphologies and behaviour during evolution. analyses of neurogenesis in representatives of all arthropod species have revealed evolutionary modifications of various developmental mechanisms. among others, variations can be seen in mechanisms that are associated with changes in neural progenitor identity, which in turn determines the neuronal subtype of their progeny. com ... | 2014 | 24525296 |
| a functional genetic analysis in flour beetles (tenebrionidae) reveals an antennal identity specification mechanism active during metamorphosis in holometabola. | the antenna was the first arthropod ventral appendage to evolve non-leg identity. models of antennal evolution have been based on comparisons of antennal and leg identity specification mechanisms in drosophila melanogaster, a species in which appendages develop from highly derived imaginal discs during the larval period. we test for conservation of the drosophila antennal identity specification mechanism at metamorphosis in tribolium castaneum and three other flour beetle species (tribolium conf ... | 2014 | 24534744 |
| a major facilitator superfamily protein encoded by tcmuck gene is not required for cuticle pigmentation, growth and development in tribolium castaneum. | insect cuticle pigmentation and sclerotization (tanning) are vital physiological processes for insect growth, development and survival. we have previously identified several colorless precursor molecules as well as enzymes involved in their biosynthesis and processing to yield the mature intensely colored body cuticle pigments. a recent study indicated that the bombyx mori (silkmoth) gene, bmmuck, which encodes a protein orthologous to a culex pipiens quiquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) ci ... | 2014 | 24681434 |
| signaling properties and pharmacological analysis of two sulfakinin receptors from the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | sulfakinin is an insect neuropeptide that constitutes an important component of the complex network of hormonal and neural factors that regulate feeding and digestion. the key modulating functions of sulfakinin are mediated by binding and signaling via g-protein coupled receptors. although a substantial amount of functional data have already been reported on sulfakinins in different insect species, only little information is known regarding the properties of their respective receptors. in this s ... | 2014 | 24718573 |
| gene structure, cdna characterization and rnai-based functional analysis of a myeloid differentiation factor 88 homolog in tenebrio molitor larvae exposed to staphylococcus aureus infection. | myeloid differentiation factor 88 (myd88), an intracellular adaptor protein involved in toll/toll-like receptor (tlr) signal processing, triggers activation of nuclear factor-kappab (nf-κb) transcription factors. in the present study, we analyzed the gene structure and biological function of myd88 in a coleopteran insect, tenebrio molitor (tmmyd88). the tmmyd88 gene was 1380 bp in length and consisted of five exons and four introns. the 5'-flanking sequence revealed several putative transcriptio ... | 2014 | 24755285 |
| the lethal giant larvae gene in tribolium castaneum: molecular properties and roles in larval and pupal development as revealed by rna interference. | we identified and characterized the tclgl gene putatively encoding lethal giant larvae (lgl) protein from the red flour beetle (tribolium castaneum). analyses of developmental stage and tissue-specific expression patterns revealed that tclgl was constitutively expressed. to examine the role of tclgl in insect development, rna interference was performed in early (1-day) larvae, late (20-day) larvae, and early (1-day) pupae. the early larvae injected with double-stranded rna of tclgl (dstclgl) at ... | 2014 | 24758930 |
| transcription factor e93 specifies adult metamorphosis in hemimetabolous and holometabolous insects. | all immature animals undergo remarkable morphological and physiological changes to become mature adults. in winged insects, metamorphic changes either are limited to a few tissues (hemimetaboly) or involve a complete reorganization of most tissues and organs (holometaboly). despite the differences, the genetic switch between immature and adult forms in both types of insects relies on the disappearance of the antimetamorphic juvenile hormone (jh) and the transcription factors krüppel-homolog 1 (k ... | 2014 | 24778249 |
| non-invasive long-term fluorescence live imaging of tribolium castaneum embryos. | insect development has contributed significantly to our understanding of metazoan development. however, most information has been obtained by analyzing a single species, the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster. embryonic development of the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum differs fundamentally from that of drosophila in aspects such as short-germ development, embryonic leg development, extensive extra-embryonic membrane formation and non-involuted head development. although tribolium has becom ... | 2014 | 24803590 |
| calponin-like chd64 is partly disordered. | 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) and juvenile hormone (jh) signaling pathways interact to regulate insect development. recently, two proteins, a calponin-like chd64 and immunophilin fkbp39 have been found to play a pivotal role in the cross-talk between 20e and jh, although the molecular basis of interaction remains unknown. the aim of this work was to identify the structural features that would provide understanding of the role of chd64 in multiple and dynamic complex that cross-links the signaling pat ... | 2014 | 24805353 |
| unexpected functional diversity in the fatty acid desaturases of the flour beetle tribolium castaneum and identification of key residues determining activity. | desaturases catalyse modifications to fatty acids which are essential to homeostasis and for pheromone and defensive chemical production. all desaturases of the flour beetle tribolium castaneum were investigated via query of the sequenced genome which yielded 15 putative acyl-coenzyme a genes. eleven desaturase mrna were obtained in full length and functionally expressed in yeast. phylogenetic analysis separated the desaturases into 4 distinct clades; one clade contained conserved beetle δ9 desa ... | 2014 | 24880119 |
| analysis of chemosensory gene families in the beetle monochamus alternatus and its parasitoid dastarcus helophoroides. | we assembled antennal transcriptomes of pest monochamus alternatus and its parasitoid dastarcus helophoroides to identify the members of the major chemosensory multi-gene families. gene ontology (go) annotation indicated that the relative abundance of transcripts associated with specific go terms was highly similar in the two species. in chemosensory gene families, we identified 52 transcripts encoding putative odorant-binding proteins (obps), 19 chemosensory proteins (csps), 10 olfactory recept ... | 2014 | 24893337 |
| infection routes matter in population-specific responses of the red flour beetle to the entomopathogen bacillus thuringiensis. | pathogens can infect their hosts through different routes. for studying the consequences for host resistance, we here used the entomopathogen bacillus thuringiensis and the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum for oral and systemic (i. e. pricking the cuticle) experimental infection. in order to characterize the molecular mechanisms underpinning the two different infection routes, the transcriptomes of beetles of two different t. castaneum populations--one recently collected population (cro1) an ... | 2014 | 24908078 |
| methuselah-like genes affect development, stress resistance, lifespan and reproduction in tribolium castaneum. | methuselah (mth) is associated with lifespan, stress resistance and reproduction in drosophila melanogaster, but mth is not present in nondrosophiline insects. a number of methuselah-likes (mthls) have been identified in nondrosophiline insects, but it is unknown whether the functions of mth are shared by mthls or are divergent from them. five mthls have been identified in tribolium castaneum. although they have different developmental expression patterns, they all enhance resistance to starvati ... | 2014 | 24924269 |
| identification and characterization of the sudanese bacillus thuringiensis and related bacterial strains for their efficacy against helicoverpa armigera and tribolium castaneum. | forty-four isolates of bacillus thuringiensis like bacteria from various sources in different locations from sudan were tested for their insecticidal activity. the toxicity of these isolates ranged from 6.6 to 70% to the neonates of cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera at 10 ppm concentration. the most effective ones are kb-29, st-6 and wh-1 comparable with hd-1. toxicity of isolates to larvae of the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum ranged from 20 to 100%. isolates st-2 and st-23 gave 100% ... | 2014 | 24956895 |
| antimicrobial, insecticidal and phytotoxic activities of cotinus coggyria scop. essential oil (anacardiaceae). | the essential oil of cotinus coggyria scop.' leaves was found to be rich in α-pinene (43.1%), limonene (21.3%) and β-myrcene (8.5%). in the antimicrobial screening, essential oil was notably active on staphylococcus aureus atcc 29213, s. aureus atcc baa-977, candida albicans atcc 14053 and c. parapsilosis atcc 22019 using the disc diffusion and volatilisation assays. the fumigant assay of the essential oil caused 70% and 100% mortality on the two pest adults of acanthoscelides obtectus and tribo ... | 2014 | 24980636 |
| common transcriptional mechanisms for visual photoreceptor cell differentiation among pancrustaceans. | a hallmark of visual rhabdomeric photoreceptors is the expression of a rhabdomeric opsin and uniquely associated phototransduction molecules, which are incorporated into a specialized expanded apical membrane, the rhabdomere. given the extensive utilization of rhabdomeric photoreceptors in the eyes of protostomes, here we address whether a common transcriptional mechanism exists for the differentiation of rhabdomeric photoreceptors. in drosophila, the transcription factors pph13 and orthodenticl ... | 2014 | 24991928 |
| the mekre93 (methoprene tolerant-krüppel homolog 1-e93) pathway in the regulation of insect metamorphosis, and the homology of the pupal stage. | recent studies on transcription factor e93 revealed that it triggers adult morphogenesis in blattella germanica, tribolium castaneum and drosophila melanogaster. moreover, we show here that krüppel homolog 1 (kr-h1), a transducer of the antimetamorphic action of juvenile hormone (jh), represses e93 expression. kr-h1 is upstream of e93, and upstream of kr-h1 is methoprene-tolerant (met), the latter being the jh receptor in hemimetabolan and holometabolan species. as such, the met - kr-h1 - e93 pa ... | 2014 | 25008785 |
| parasitization by scleroderma guani influences expression of superoxide dismutase genes in tenebrio molitor. | superoxide dismutase (sod) is an antioxidant enzyme involved in detoxifying reactive oxygen species. in this study, we identified genes encoding the extracellular and intracellular copper-zinc sods (eccuznsod and iccuznsod) and a manganese sod (mnsod) in the yellow mealworm beetle, tenebrio molitor. the cdnas for eccuznsod, iccuznsod, and mnsod, respectively, encode 24.55, 15.81, and 23.14 kda polypeptides, which possess structural features typical of other insect sods. they showed 20-94% identi ... | 2014 | 25042129 |
| genome-wide comparison of genes involved in the biosynthesis, metabolism, and signaling of juvenile hormone between silkworm and other insects. | juvenile hormone (jh) contributes to the regulation of larval molting and metamorphosis in insects. herein, we comprehensively identified 55 genes involved in jh biosynthesis, metabolism and signaling in the silkworm (bombyx mori) as well as 35 in drosophila melanogaster, 35 in anopheles gambiae, 36 in apis mellifera, 47 in tribolium castaneum, and 44 in danaus plexippus. comparative analysis showed that each gene involved in the early steps of the mevalonate (mva) pathway, in the neuropeptide r ... | 0 | 25071411 |
| role of methoprene-tolerant (met) in adult morphogenesis and in adult ecdysis of blattella germanica. | juvenile hormone (jh) represses metamorphosis of young instars in insects. one of the main players in hormonal signalling is methoprene-tolerant (met), which plays the role of jh receptor. using the polyneopteran insect blattella germanica as the model and rnai for transcript depletion, we have confirmed that met transduces the antimetamorphic signal of jh in young nymphs and plays a role in the last nymphal instar moult in this species. previously, the function of met as the jh receptor had bee ... | 2014 | 25072526 |
| evidence for deep regulatory similarities in early developmental programs across highly diverged insects. | many genes familiar from drosophila development, such as the so-called gap, pair-rule, and segment polarity genes, play important roles in the development of other insects and in many cases appear to be deployed in a similar fashion, despite the fact that drosophila-like "long germband" development is highly derived and confined to a subset of insect families. whether or not these similarities extend to the regulatory level is unknown. identification of regulatory regions beyond the well-studied ... | 0 | 25173756 |
| insecticidal activity of ageratum conyzoides l., coleus aromaticus benth. and hyptis suaveolens (l.) poit essential oils as fumigant against storage grain insect tribolium castaneum herbst. | essential oils (eos) from ageratum conyzoides l., coleus aromaticus benth. and hyptis suaveolens (l.) poit were extracted and tested against tribolium castaneum herbst, the storage grain insect. the eos were found effective against tribolium castaneum during in vitro as well as in vivo fumigant testing. the eos of h. suaveolens and a. conyzoides showed 100 % mortality of test insect at 250 ppm while c. aromaticus at 350 ppm. during in vivo fumigant testing of wheat samples against tribolium cast ... | 2014 | 25190885 |
| genome wide screening of rnai factors of sf21 cells reveal several novel pathway associated proteins. | rna interference (rnai) leads to sequence specific knock-down of gene expression and has emerged as an important tool to analyse gene functions, pathway analysis and gene therapy. although rnai is a conserved cellular process involving common elements and factors, species-specific differences have been observed among different eukaryotes. identification of components for rnai pathway is pursued intensively and successful genome-wide screens have been performed for components of rnai pathways in ... | 2014 | 25199785 |
| characterization of horizontally transferred β-fructofuranosidase (scrb) genes in agrilus planipennis. | the emerald ash borer (agrilus planipennis) is an important invasive insect pest of fraxinus spp. that feeds on host tissues containing high levels of sucrose. however, little is known about how it digests sucrose. here, using larval midgut transcriptome data and preliminary genome sequence efforts, two β-fructofuranosidase-encoding scrb genes, aplascrb-1 and aplascrb-2, were identified, and proved to reside within the a. planipennis genome. homology and phylogenetic analysis revealed that they ... | 2014 | 25224649 |
| malpighian tubule development in the red flour beetle (tribolium castaneum). | malpighian tubules (mpts) are the major organ for excretion and osmoregulation in most insects. mpt development is characterised for drosophila melanogaster, but not other species. we therefore do not know the extent to which the mpt developmental programme is conserved across insects. to redress this we provide a comprehensive description of mpt development in the beetle tribolium castaneum (coleoptera), a species separated from drosophila by >315 million years. we identify similarities with dr ... | 2014 | 25242057 |