Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| entomopathogenic fungi in cornfields and their potential to manage larval western corn rootworm diabrotica virgifera virgifera. | entomopathogenic ascomycete fungi are ubiquitous in soil and on phylloplanes, and are important natural enemies of many soil-borne arthropods including larval western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera, which is a major pest of corn. we measured the prevalence of beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato in ten cornfields in iowa, usa by baiting with larval insects. b. bassiana and m. anisopliae s.l. were present in 60% ± 6.3% and 55% ± 6.4% of soil samples, respectivel ... | 2013 | 24120889 |
| molecular cloning, sequence characterization and expression analysis of a cd63 homologue from the coleopteran beetle, tenebrio molitor. | cd63, a member of the tetraspanin membrane protein family, plays a pivotal role in cell growth, motility, signal transduction, host-pathogen interactions and cancer. in this work, the cdna encoding cd63 homologue (tmcd63) was cloned from larvae of a coleopteran beetle, tenebrio molitor. the cdna is comprised of an open reading frame of 705 bp, encoding putative protein of 235 amino acid residues. in silico analysis shows that the protein has four putative transmembrane domains and one large extr ... | 2013 | 24132157 |
| inhibitory activities against heterologous α-amylases and in vitro allergenic reactivity of einkorn wheats. | salt extracts from seeds of 36 lines of einkorn wheats were analyzed for their inhibitory activity towards two insect (tenebrio molitor, coleoptera, and ephestia kuehniella, lepidoptera) and one mammalian (human salivary) α-amylases. whereas all ten t. monococcum accessions tested were active towards the lepidopteran enzyme, they had no effect on the coleopteran or the mammalian ones. more variability was found among the 21 lines of t. boeticum analyzed, although none of them inhibited human α-a ... | 1996 | 24162403 |
| genomic organization, sequence characterization and expression analysis of tenebrio molitor apolipophorin-iii in response to an intracellular pathogen, listeria monocytogenes. | apolipophorin iii (apolp-iii) is a well-known hemolymph protein having a functional role in lipid transport and immune response of insects. we cloned full-length cdna encoding putative apolp-iii from larvae of the coleopteran beetle, tenebrio molitor (tmapolp-iii), by identification of clones corresponding to the partial sequence of tmapolp-iii, subsequently followed with full length sequencing by a clone-by-clone primer walking method. the complete cdna consists of 890 nucleotides, including an ... | 2014 | 24200961 |
| cloning, characterization and effect of tmpgrp-le gene silencing on survival of tenebrio molitor against listeria monocytogenes infection. | peptidoglycan recognition proteins (pgrps) are a family of innate immune molecules that recognize bacterial peptidoglycan. pgrp-le, a member of the pgrp family, selectively binds to diaminopimelic acid (dap)-type peptidoglycan to activate both the immune deficiency (imd) and prophenoloxidase (propo) pathways in insects. a pgrp-le-dependent induction of autophagy to control listeria monocytogenes has also been reported. we identified and partially characterized a novel pgrp-le homologue, from ten ... | 2013 | 24240808 |
| selection of indigenous isolates of entomopathogenic soil fungus metarhizium anisopliae under laboratory conditions. | eight native isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae (metschnikoff) sorokin were obtained by monitoring soils cultivated in a conventional manner. these isolates were compared in three areas: (a) conidial germination, (b) radial growth and sporulation and (c) ability of conidia to infect tenebrio molitor larvae. all bioassays were carried out at constant temperatures of 10, 15, and 20 °c. conidia of individual isolates demonstrated differences in germination after a 24-h l ... | 2014 | 24338078 |
| efficacy of metarhizium anisopliae isolate max-2 from shangri-la, china under desiccation stress. | metarhizium anisopliae, a soil-borne entomopathogen found worldwide, is an interesting fungus for biological control. however, its efficacy in the fields is significantly affected by environmental conditions, particularly moisture. to overcome the weakness of metarhizium and determine its isolates with antistress capacity, the efficacies of four m. anisopliae isolates, which were collected from arid regions of yunnan province in china during the dry season, were determined at different moisture ... | 2014 | 24383424 |
| the natural insect peptide neb-colloostatin induces ovarian atresia and apoptosis in the mealworm tenebrio molitor. | the injection of neb-colloostatin into t. molitor females causes gonadoinhibitory effects on ovarian development. this peptide inhibits intercellular space formation (patency) in follicular epithelium and results in slowed vitellogenesis, delayed ovulation, reduced number of eggs laid and presumably cell death in the terminal follicles. however, as does the form of cell death in the terminal follicle, the mode of action of neb-colloostatin remains unknown. | 2014 | 24479487 |
| [effects of venom from sclerodermus sichuanensis xiao on pupa of tenebrio molitor]. | to explore the regulatory mechanisms of parasitism of sclerodermus sichuanensis on tenebrio molitor, the methods of natural parasitism and venom injection were adopted to investigate the effects of the venom from s. sichuanensis on the pupa of t. molitor in the parasitic process. under venom injection, the paralytic degree of the pupa had a positive correlation with the concentration of injected venom, and the number of recovered pupa had a negative correlation with the injected venom concentrat ... | 2013 | 24564160 |
| spore density and viability of entomopathogenic fungal isolates from indonesia, and their virulence against aphis gossypii glover (homoptera: aphididae). | the focus of this study was on quantifying fitness attributes, such as spore density and viability, and determining the virulence level against aphid (aphis gossypii) nymphs of isolates from the fungal species beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae. the fungal isolates were obtained from several insects, including plutella xylostella, hypothenemus hampei, bronstispa longissima, a. gossypii, tenebrio molitor, and leptocorisa acuta, that were collected from indonesian islands, such as sumat ... | 2010 | 24575186 |
| gene structure, cdna characterization and rnai-based functional analysis of a myeloid differentiation factor 88 homolog in tenebrio molitor larvae exposed to staphylococcus aureus infection. | myeloid differentiation factor 88 (myd88), an intracellular adaptor protein involved in toll/toll-like receptor (tlr) signal processing, triggers activation of nuclear factor-kappab (nf-κb) transcription factors. in the present study, we analyzed the gene structure and biological function of myd88 in a coleopteran insect, tenebrio molitor (tmmyd88). the tmmyd88 gene was 1380 bp in length and consisted of five exons and four introns. the 5'-flanking sequence revealed several putative transcriptio ... | 2014 | 24755285 |
| quorum sensing-dependent metalloprotease vvpe is important in the virulence of vibrio vulnificus to invertebrates. | vibrio vulnificus, a gram-negative bacterium, is an opportunistic human pathogen responsible for fatal septicemia caused by contaminated sea foods in eastern asia. quorum sensing (qs) is a cell-density dependent gene regulation mechanism that controls the expression of many virulence genes in various bacteria and v. vulnificus has been also suggested to express their virulence genes through the qs system. in this study, we investigated the role of qs system and qs-regulated exoproteases in the v ... | 2014 | 24769338 |
| entomopathogenic nematodes in insect cadaver formulations for the control of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | this study evaluated the efficacy of four entomopathogenic nematode (epn) strains in insect cadaver formulations against rhipicephalus microplus and compared the efficacy of the most virulent epns applied in cadavers of galleria mellonella and tenebrio molitor. in the first experiment, infected g. mellonela larvae were used as the source of epns. engorged females of r. microplus were placed in pots filled with soil and different numbers of g. mellonella larvae infected with one of four species o ... | 2014 | 24836639 |
| effect of fungal colonization of wheat grains with fusarium spp. on food choice, weight gain and mortality of meal beetle larvae (tenebrio molitor). | species of fusarium have significant agro-economical and human health-related impact by infecting diverse crop plants and synthesizing diverse mycotoxins. here, we investigated interactions of grain-feeding tenebrio molitor larvae with four grain-colonizing fusarium species on wheat kernels. since numerous metabolites produced by fusarium spp. are toxic to insects, we tested the hypothesis that the insect senses and avoids fusarium-colonized grains. we found that only kernels colonized with f. a ... | 2014 | 24932485 |
| toxicity of scorpion venom in chick embryo and mealworm assay depending on the use of the soluble fraction versus the whole venom. | the ld50 is an important metric for venom studies and antivenom development. it has been shown that several variables in the protocol influence the ld50 value obtained, such as venom source, extraction and treatment and administration route. these inconsistencies reduce the utility of the results of these test for comparative studies. in scorpion venom ld50 assays, often only the soluble fraction of the venom is used, whereas other studies use the whole venom. we here tested the toxicity of the ... | 2014 | 24951875 |
| bacterial overexpression of recombinant heteroscorpine-1 (rhs-1), a toxin from heterometrus laoticus scorpion venom: trends for antibacterial application and antivenom production. | heteroscorpine-1 (hs-1) was identified as a member of the scorpine family. hs-1 shows insecticidal activities, exhibiting a low median lethal dose (ld50) in mealworm (tenebrio molitor l.) and inhibitory activities against bacillus subtilis, klebsiella pneumoniae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. in this study, a recombinant hs-1 (rhs-1) was produced by overexpression in e. coli. a large yield of product was obtained. the structure of purified rhs-1 was confirmed through mass spectrometry. both anti-c ... | 2014 | 24980735 |
| investigating the insecticidal potential of geomyces (myxotrichaceae: helotiales) and mortierella (mortierellacea: mortierellales) isolated from antarctica. | fungi isolated from environmentally challenging habitats can have adaptations of potential value when developed as insect pest-controls. fungal isolates collected from antarctica, geomyces sp. i, geomyces sp. ii, mortierella signyensis and m. alpina, were investigated for (i) growth characteristics at 0-35°c, (ii) spore production at 10 and 20°c, (iii) viability following exposure to freezing temperatures, and (iv) insecticidal activity against waxmoths (galleria mellonella l.), houseflies (musc ... | 2014 | 25013747 |
| identification and characterization of the insecticidal toxin "makes caterpillars floppy" in photorhabdus temperata m1021 using a cosmid library. | photorhabdus temperata is an entomopathogenic enterobacterium; it is a nematode symbiont that possesses pathogenicity islands involved in insect virulence. herein, we constructed a p. temperata m1021 cosmid library in escherichia coli xl1-blue mrf` and obtained 7.14 × 105 clones. however, only 1020 physiologically active clones were screened for insect virulence factors by injection of each e. coli cosmid clone into galleria mellonella and tenebrio molitor larvae. a single cosmid clone, ptc1015, ... | 2014 | 25014195 |
| parasitization by scleroderma guani influences expression of superoxide dismutase genes in tenebrio molitor. | superoxide dismutase (sod) is an antioxidant enzyme involved in detoxifying reactive oxygen species. in this study, we identified genes encoding the extracellular and intracellular copper-zinc sods (eccuznsod and iccuznsod) and a manganese sod (mnsod) in the yellow mealworm beetle, tenebrio molitor. the cdnas for eccuznsod, iccuznsod, and mnsod, respectively, encode 24.55, 15.81, and 23.14 kda polypeptides, which possess structural features typical of other insect sods. they showed 20-94% identi ... | 2014 | 25042129 |
| production of destruxins from metarhizium spp. fungi in artificial medium and in endophytically colonized cowpea plants. | destruxins (dtxs) are cyclic depsipeptides produced by many metarhizium isolates that have long been assumed to contribute to virulence of these entomopathogenic fungi. we evaluated the virulence of 20 metarhizium isolates against insect larvae and measured the concentration of dtxs a, b, and e produced by these same isolates in submerged (shaken) cultures. eight of the isolates (arsef 324, 724, 760, 1448, 1882, 1883, 3479, and 3918) did not produce dtxs a, b, or e during the five days of submer ... | 2014 | 25127450 |
| recognition, survival and persistence of staphylococcus aureus in the model host tenebrio molitor. | the degree of specificity of any given immune response to a parasite is governed by the complexity and variation of interactions between host and pathogen derived molecules. here, we assess the extent to which recognition and immuno-resistance of cell wall mutants of the pathogen staphylococcus aureus may contribute to establishment and maintenance of persistent infection in the model insect host, tenebrio molitor. the cell surface of s. aureus is decorated with various molecules, including glyc ... | 2015 | 25179414 |
| molecular diversity of the entomopathogenic fungal metarhizium community within an agroecosystem. | the entomopathogenic fungal metarhizium anisopliae lineage harbors cryptic diversity and was recently split into several species. metarhizium spp. are frequently isolated from soil environments, but the abundance and distribution of the separate species in local communities is still largely unknown. entomopathogenic isolates of metarhizium spp. were obtained from 32 bulked soil samples of a single agroecosystem in denmark using tenebrio molitor as bait insect. to assess the metarhizium community ... | 2014 | 25224815 |
| protease iv, a quorum sensing-dependent protease of pseudomonas aeruginosa modulates insect innate immunity. | in pseudomonas aeruginosa, quorum sensing (qs) plays an essential role in pathogenesis and the qs response controls many virulence factors. using a mealworm, tenebrio molitor as a host model, we found that protease iv, a qs-regulated exoprotease of p. aeruginosa functions as a key virulence effector causing the melanization and death of t. molitor larvae. protease iv was able to degrade zymogens of spätzle processing enzyme (spe) and spe-activating enzyme (sae) without the activation of the anti ... | 2014 | 25315216 |
| depletion of autophagy-related genes atg3 and atg5 in tenebrio molitor leads to decreased survivability against an intracellular pathogen, listeria monocytogenes. | macroautophagy (autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process involved in physiological and developmental processes including cell survival, death, and innate immunity. homologues of most of 36 originally discovered autophagy-related (atg) genes in yeast have been characterized in higher eukaryotes including insects. in this study, the homologues of atg3 (tmatg3) and atg5 (tmatg5) were isolated from the coleopteran beetle, tenebrio molitor by expressed sequence tag and rnaseq appro ... | 2015 | 25403020 |
| production of antibacterial bombyx mori cecropin a in mealworm-pathogenic beauveria bassiana erl1170. | efforts are underway to produce antimicrobial peptides in yellow mealworms (tenebrio molitor), which can be developed as more effective and safer animal feed additives. in this work, we expressed bombyx mori (bm) cecropin-a in mealworms by the infection of transformed entomopathogenic beauveria bassiana erl1170. the active domain of bm cecropin a gene was tagged with a signal sequence of b. bassiana for extracellular secretion, and the fragment was inserted into erl1170 by the restriction enzyme ... | 2015 | 25429897 |
| efficacy of condensed tannins against larval hymenolepis diminuta (cestoda) in vitro and in the intermediate host tenebrio molitor (coleoptera) in vivo. | natural anti-parasitic compounds in plants such as condensed tannins (ct) have anthelmintic properties against a range of gastrointestinal nematodes, but for other helminths such effects are unexplored. the aim of this study was to assess the effects of ct from three different plant extracts in a model system employing the rat tapeworm, hymenolepis diminuta, in its intermediate host, tenebrio molitor. an in vitro study examined infectivity of h. diminuta cysticercoids (excystation success) isola ... | 2015 | 25468673 |
| increased survival of experimentally evolved antimicrobial peptide-resistant staphylococcus aureus in an animal host. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) have been proposed as new class of antimicrobial drugs, following the increasing prevalence of bacteria resistant to antibiotics. synthetic amps are functional analogues of highly evolutionarily conserved immune effectors in animals and plants, produced in response to microbial infection. therefore, the proposed therapeutic use of amps bears the risk of 'arming the enemy': bacteria that evolve resistance to amps may be cross-resistant to immune effectors (amps) in t ... | 2014 | 25469169 |
| production and quality of conidia by metarhizium anisopliae var. lepidiotum: critical oxygen level and period of mycelium competence. | mycoinsecticides application within integral pest management requires high quantities of conidia, with the proper quality and resistance against environmental conditions. metarhizium anisopliae var. lepidiotum conidia were produced in normal atmospheric conditions (21 % o2) and different concentrations of oxygen pulses (16, 26, 30, and 40 %); conidia obtained under hypoxic conditions showed significantly lower viability, hydrophobicity, and virulence against tenebrio molitor larvae or mealworm, ... | 2015 | 25472433 |
| growth performance and feed conversion efficiency of three edible mealworm species (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) on diets composed of organic by-products. | insects receive increasing attention as an alternative protein-rich food source for humans. producing edible insects on diets composed of organic by-products could increase sustainability. in addition, insect growth rate and body composition, and hence nutritional quality, can be altered by diet. three edible mealworm species tenebrio molitor l., zophobas atratus fab. and alphitobius diaperinus panzer were grown on diets composed of organic by-products originating from beer brewing, bread/cookie ... | 2015 | 25576652 |
| characterization of biocontrol traits in heterorhabditis floridensis: a species with broad temperature tolerance. | biological characteristics of two strains of the entomopathogenic nematode, heterorhabditis floridensis (332 isolated in florida and k22 isolated in georgia) were described. the identity of the nematode's symbiotic bacteria was elucidated and found to be photorhabdus luminescens subsp. luminescens. beneficial traits pertinent to biocontrol (environmental tolerance and virulence) were characterized. the range of temperature tolerance in the h. floridensis strains was broad and showed a high level ... | 2014 | 25580026 |
| identification of bacillus thuringiensis cry3aa toxin domain ii loop 1 as the binding site of tenebrio molitor cadherin repeat cr12. | bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins exert their toxic effect by specific recognition of larval midgut proteins leading to oligomerization of the toxin, membrane insertion and pore formation. the exposed domain ii loop regions of cry toxins have been shown to be involved in receptor binding. insect cadherins have shown to be functionally involved in toxin binding facilitating toxin oligomerization. here, we isolated a vhh (vhha5) antibody by phage display that binds cry3aa loop 1 and competed with ... | 2015 | 25698611 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of autophagy-related gene tmatg8 in listeria-invaded hemocytes of tenebrio molitor. | macroautophagy (hereinafter called autophagy) is a highly regulated process used by eukaryotic cells to digest portions of the cytoplasm that remodels and recycles nutrients and disposes of unwanted cytoplasmic constituents. currently 36 autophagy-related genes (atg) and their homologs have been characterized in yeast and higher eukaryotes, including insects. in the present study, we identified and functionally characterized the immune function of an atg8 homolog in a coleopteran insect, tenebri ... | 2015 | 25727880 |
| identification of a new cry1i-type gene as a candidate for gene pyramiding in corn to control ostrinia species larvae. | pyramiding of diverse cry toxin genes from bacillus thuringiensis with different modes of action is a desirable strategy to delay the evolution of resistance in the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis). considering the dependency of susceptibility to cry toxins on toxin binding to receptors in the midgut of target pests, a diverse mode of action is commonly defined as recognition of unique binding sites in the target insect. in this study, we present a novel cry1ie toxin gene (cry1ie2) as a ... | 2015 | 25795679 |
| dual effects of metarhizium spp. and clonostachys rosea against an insect and a seed-borne pathogen in wheat. | crops are often prone to both insect herbivory and disease, which necessitate multiple control measures. ideally, an efficacious biological control agent must adequately control the target organism and not be inhibited by other biological control agents when applied simultaneously. wheat seeds infected with the plant pathogen fusarium culmorum were treated with metarhizium brunneum or m. flavoviride and clonostachys rosea individually and in combination, with the expectation to control both root ... | 2016 | 25827357 |
| an insect-tapeworm model as a proxy for anthelminthic effects in the mammalian host. | invertebrate models provide several important advantages over their vertebrate counterparts including fewer legislative stipulations and faster, more cost-effective experimental procedures. furthermore, various similarities between insect and mammalian systems have been highlighted. to obtain maximum use of invertebrate models in pharmacology, their fidelity as analogues of vertebrate systems requires verification. we utilised a flour beetle (tenebrio molitor)-tapeworm (hymenolepis diminuta) mod ... | 2015 | 25895063 |
| oscheius onirici sp. n. (nematoda: rhabditidae): a new entomopathogenic nematode from an italian cave. | oscheius onirici sp. n. (nematoda: rhabditidae) was isolated from a karst cave soil of central italy. molecular and morphological analyses were performed. total dna was extracted from individual nematodes and the mitochondrial coi, the its containing region, the d2-d3 expansion domains of the 28s rrna gene and the 18s rrna gene were amplified and sequenced. blast search at ncbi by using all molecular markers revealed that this taxon is similar to oscheius species. phylogenetic trees of its, 28s ... | 2015 | 25947484 |
| conidia of the insect pathogenic fungus, metarhizium anisopliae, fail to adhere to mosquito larval cuticle. | adhesion of conidia of the insect pathogenic fungus, metarhizium anisopliae, to the arthropod host cuticle initially involves hydrophobic forces followed by consolidation facilitated by the action of extracellular enzymes and secretion of mucilage. gene expression analysis and atomic force microscopy were used to directly quantify recognition and adhesion between single conidia of m. anisopliae and the cuticle of the aquatic larval stage of aedes aegypti and a representative terrestrial host, te ... | 2014 | 26064542 |
| cloning, expression analysis, and rna interference study of a horma domain containing autophagy-related gene 13 (atg13) from the coleopteran beetle, tenebrio molitor. | autophagy is a process that is necessary during starvation, as it replenishes metabolic precursors by eliminating damaged organelles. autophagy is mediated by more than 35 autophagy-related (atg) proteins that participate in the nucleation, elongation, and curving of the autophagosome membrane. in a pursuit to address the role of autophagy during development and immune resistance of the mealworm beetle, tenebrio molitor, we screened atg gene sequences from the whole-larva transcriptome database. ... | 2015 | 26136688 |
| activity of vegetative insecticidal proteins vip3aa58 and vip3aa59 of bacillus thuringiensis against lepidopteran pests. | vegetative insecticidal proteins (vips) secreted by some isolates of bacillus thuringiensis show activity against insects and are regarded as insecticides against pests. a number of b. thuringiensis strains harbouring vip3a genes were isolated from different sources and identified by using a pcr based approach. the isolates with the highest insecticidal activity were indicated in screening tests, and their vip genes were cloned and sequenced. the analysis revealed two polymorphic vip protein for ... | 2015 | 26146224 |
| the effect of chemical composition and bioactivity of several essential oils on tenebrio molitor (coleoptera: tenebrionidae). | the major chemical components of four essential oils (eos) extracted from dry leaves of citrus limonum, cymbopogon citratus, litsea cubeba, and muristica fragrans were analyzed with gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer and their fumigant, contact, and repellent activities against 10th instar and adults of tenebrio molitor were also assayed. the results indicated that the major constituents of c. limonum and cy. citrates were d-limonene (38.22%) and 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenal (26.21%), while which of ... | 2015 | 26254287 |
| biodegradation and mineralization of polystyrene by plastic-eating mealworms: part 2. role of gut microorganisms. | the role of gut bacteria of mealworms (the larvae of tenebrio molitor linnaeus) in polystyrene (ps) degradation was investigated. gentamicin was the most effective inhibitor of gut bacteria among six antibiotics tested. gut bacterial activities were essentially suppressed by feeding gentamicin food (30 mg/g) for 10 days. gentamicin-feeding mealworms lost the ability to depolymerize ps and mineralize ps into co2, as determined by characterizing worm fecula and feeding with (13)c-labeled ps. a ps- ... | 2015 | 26390390 |
| fumigant toxicity and repellence activity of camphor essential oil from cinnamonum camphora siebold against solenopsis invicta workers (hymenoptera:formicidae). | the red imported fire ant (rifa) solenopsis invicta buren causes severe damage to humans and animals as well as the environment. chemical treatment is the main strategy of rifa management, which also is potentially toxic to the environment. plant essential oils (eos) are considered as potential substance that can be used to control insects. this study aimed to identify the chemical composition of camphor eo and investigate the insecticidal activity on rifas. the chemical composition of the eo wa ... | 2015 | 26392574 |
| tenebrio molitor (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) as an alternative host to study fungal infections. | models of host–pathogen interactions are crucial for the analysis of microbial pathogenesis. in this context, invertebrate hosts, including drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), caenorhabditis elegans (nematode) and galleria mellonella (moth), have been used to study the pathogenesis of fungi and bacteria. each of these organisms offers distinct benefits in elucidating host–pathogen interactions. in this study,we present a newinvertebrate infection model to study fungal infections: the tenebrio m ... | 2015 | 26453946 |
| influence of processing and in vitro digestion on the allergic cross-reactivity of three mealworm species. | edible insects are currently being evaluated as an alternative and more sustainable protein source for humans. the introduction of new food sources can lead to development of novel allergies. because in the western world, insects are unlikely to be consumed raw, it is important to know how processing and in vitro digestion might influence their allergenicity. three edible mealworm species (tenebrio molitor, zophobas atratus and alphitobius diaperinus) subjected to processing and in vitro digesti ... | 2016 | 26593591 |
| antifungal activity of condensed tannins from stryphnodendron adstringens: effect on candida tropicalis growth and adhesion properties. | candida species are some of the most common causes of fungal infection worldwide. the limited efficacy of clinically available antifungals warrants the search for new compounds for treating candidiasis. this study evaluated the effect of condensed tannin-rich fraction (f2 fraction) of stryphnodendron adstringens on in vitro and in vivo growth of candida tropicalis, and on yeast adhesion properties. f2 exhibited a fungistatic effect with the minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 0.5 to 8. ... | 2016 | 26696018 |
| intracellular survival of staphylococcus aureus during persistent infection in the insect tenebrio molitor. | survival of bacteria within host cells and tissues presents a challenge to the immune systems of higher organisms. escape from phagocytic immune cells compounds this issue, as immune cells become potential vehicles for pathogen dissemination. however, the duration of persistence within phagocytes and its contribution to pathogen load has yet to be determined. we investigate the immunological significance of intracellular persistence within the insect model tenebrio molitor, assessing the extent, ... | 2016 | 26778297 |
| evolution of virulence in photorhabdus spp., entomopathogenic nematode symbionts. | photorhabdus is a genus of gram-negative bacteria belonging to the enterobacteriaceae family. in addition to forming a mutualistic relationship with the heterorhabditidae family of nematodes, these bacteria are the causal agent of insect mortality during nematode infection, and are commonly used as biocontrol agents against pest insects in managed ecosystems. there are three described species of photorhabdus; photorhabdus luminescens and photorhabdus temperata, which are strictly entomopathogens ... | 2016 | 27020955 |
| effects of single and dual species herbivory on the behavioural responses of three thrips species to cotton seedlings. | this study investigated the olfactory responses of three thrips species [frankliniella schultzei trybom, f. occidentalis pergrande and thrips tabaci lindeman (thysanoptera: thripidae)] to cotton seedlings [gossypium hirsutum l. (malvales: malvaceae)] simultaneously damaged by different combinations of herbivores. cotton seedlings were damaged by foliar feeding tetranychus urticae koch (trombidiforms: tetranychidae), helicoverpa armigera hübner (lepidoptera: noctuidae), aphis gossypii glover (hem ... | 2016 | 27029603 |
| reactive oxygen species production, induced by atmospheric modification, alter conidial quality of beauveria bassiana. | the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between reactive oxygen species (ros) production and conidial infectivity in beauveria bassiana. | 2016 | 27107399 |
| antimicrobial defence and persistent infection in insects revisited. | insects show long-lasting antimicrobial immune responses that follow the initial fast-acting cellular processes. these immune responses are discussed to provide a form of phrophylaxis and/or to serve as a safety measure against persisting infections. the duration and components of such long-lasting responses have rarely been studied in detail, a necessary prerequisite to understand their adaptive value. here, we present a 21 day proteomic time course of the mealworm beetle tenebrio molitor immun ... | 2016 | 27160598 |
| regionalization of surface lipids in insects. | cuticular hydrocarbons (chcs) play a critical role in the establishment of the waterproof barrier that prevents dehydration and wetting in insects. while rich data are available on chc composition in different species, we know little about their distribution and organization. here, we report on our studies of the surface barrier of the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster applying a newly developed eosin y staining method. the inert eosin y penetrates different regions of the adult body at distinct ... | 2016 | 27170708 |
| cuticle-degrading proteases and toxins as virulence markers of beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin. | beauveria bassiana is one of the most known entomopathogenic fungal species and its entomopathogenic mechanism involves several bioactive metabolites, mainly cuticle-degrading enzymes and toxic molecules, which are predicted to play a key role as virulence factors. in this study six beauveria bassiana strains (b 13/i03, b 13/i11, b 13/i49, b 13/i57, b 13/i63, and b 13/i64) were assayed against tenebrio molitor larvae. enzymatic activity of total proteases and specifically pr 1 and pr 2, as well ... | 2016 | 27198125 |
| beauveria medogensis sp. nov., a new fungus of the entomopathogenic genus from china. | beauveria is among the most ubiquitous genera of entomopathogenic fungi throughout the world. a previously unknown species of the genus was recently discovered from a soil sample collected from tibetan plateau, china and is here described as new to science, b. medogensis sp. nov. the new species is distinguished from its closest relatives based on both morphological characterization and molecular phylogenetic analyses. beauveria medogensis is characterized by globose to subglobose conidia, morph ... | 2016 | 27449678 |
| characterization of t-dna insertion mutants with decreased virulence in the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana jef-007. | the bean bug, riptortus pedestris, is a major agricultural pest that reduces crop quality and value. chemical pesticides have contributed to pest management, but resistance to these chemicals has significantly limited their use. alternative strategies with different modes of action, such as entomopathogenic fungi, are therefore of great interest. herein, we explored how entomopathogenic fungi can potentially be used to control the bean bug and focused on identifying virulence-related genes. beau ... | 2016 | 27470140 |
| efficacy of mealworm and super mealworm larvae probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics challenged orally with salmonella and e. coli infection in broiler chicks. | this study was conducted to evaluate dry mealworm (tenebrio molitor) (dmlp) and super mealworm (zophobas morio) (dsmlp) larvae probiotics as alternatives to antibiotics in broiler chicks. a total of 240 one-day old ross 308 male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments consisting of ten replications with eight birds each in a completely randomized design. the dietary treatments were, (i) control (basal diet), (ii) 0.4% dmlp (basal diet + 0.4% dmlp, dm basis), and (iii) 0 ... | 2017 | 27520069 |
| the silencing of a 14-3-3ɛ homolog in tenebrio molitor leads to increased antimicrobial activity in hemocyte and reduces larval survivability. | the 14-3-3 family of phosphorylated serine-binding proteins acts as signaling molecules in biological processes such as metabolism, division, differentiation, autophagy, and apoptosis. herein, we report the requirement of 14-3-3ɛ isoform from tenebrio molitor (tm14-3-3ɛ) in the hemocyte antimicrobial activity. the tm14-3-3ɛ transcript is 771 nucleotides in length and encodes a polypeptide of 256 amino acid residues. the protein has the typical 14-3-3 domain, the nuclear export signal (nes) seque ... | 2016 | 27556493 |
| production of conidia by the fungus metarhizium anisopliae using solid-state fermentation. | this chapter describes the production of conidia by metarhizium anisopliae using solid-state fermentation. before production of conidia, procedures for strains conservation, reactivation, and propagation are essential in order to provide genetic stability of the strains. the strain is conserved in freeze-dried vials and then reactivated through insect inoculation. rice is used as a substrate for the conidia production in two different bioreactors: plastic bags and tubular bioreactor. the co2 pro ... | 2016 | 27565492 |
| lightweight males of podisus nigrispinus (heteroptera: pentatomidae) neglect lightweight females due low reproductive fitness. | sexual choice by male stink bugs is important because females that experience food shortages lay fewer eggs with lower viability compared with well-fed females. in this study, we investigated whether podisus nigrispinus (dallas) (heteroptera: pentatomidae) males fed with a low-quality diet during its nymphal stage show selectivity for sexual partners resulting in high-quality progeny. lightweight males and females were obtained from nymphs fed weekly with tenebrio molitor l. (coleoptera: tenebri ... | 2016 | 27599098 |
| alarm odor compounds of the brown marmorated stink bug exhibit antibacterial activity. | some insects release scented compounds as a defense against predators that also exhibit antimicrobial activity. trans-2-octenal and trans-2-decenal are the major alarm aldehydes responsible for the scent of halyomorpha halys, the brown marmorated stink bug. previous research has shown these aldehydes are antifungal and produce an antipredatory effect, but have never been tested for antibacterial activity. we hypothesized that these compounds functioned similarly to the analogous multifunctional ... | 2016 | 27656692 |
| cuticular colour reflects underlying architecture and is affected by a limiting resource. | central to the basis of ecological immunology are the ideas of costs and trade-offs between immunity and life history traits. as a physical barrier, the insect cuticle provides a key resistance trait, and tenebrio molitor shows phenotypic variation in cuticular colour that correlates with resistance to the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae. here we first examined whether there is a relationship between cuticular colour variation and two aspects of cuticular architecture that we hypo ... | 2016 | 27856219 |
| microbial counts of mealworm larvae (tenebrio molitor) and crickets (acheta domesticus and gryllodes sigillatus) from different rearing companies and different production batches. | the rising interest in insects for human consumption and the changing regulations in europe require a profound insight into the food safety of insects reared and sold in western society. the microbial quality of edible insects has only been studied occasionally. this study aimed at generating an overview of intrinsic parameters (ph, water activity and moisture content) and microbial quality of fresh mealworm larvae and crickets for several rearing companies and for several batches per rearer. in ... | 2017 | 27863329 |
| the microbiota of marketed processed edible insects as revealed by high-throughput sequencing. | entomophagy has been linked to nutritional, economic, social and ecological benefits. however, scientific studies on the potential safety risks in eating edible insects need to be carried out for legislators, markets and consumers. in this context, the microbiota of edible insects deserves to be deeply investigated. the aim of this study was to elucidate the microbial species occurring in some processed marketed edible insects, namely powdered small crickets, whole dried small crickets (acheta d ... | 2017 | 27889142 |
| microbiology of processed edible insect products - results of a preliminary survey. | little is known of the microbiology of processed insect products. the present survey analysed a total of n=38 samples of deep-fried and spiced (acheta domesticus, locusta migratoria, and omphisa fuscidentalis), cooked in soy sauce ("tsukudani"; oxya yezoensis, vespula flaviceps, and bombyx mori), dried (a. domesticus, l. migatoria, alphitobius diaperinus, tenebrio molitor, b. mori, hermetia illucens, and musca domestica), powdered (h. illucens, t. molitor) and other (incl. deep-frozen b. mori an ... | 2017 | 27903420 |
| the long-term immunological effects of alloferon and its analogues in the mealworm tenebrio molitor. | the subject of this article is a search for the long-term immunological effects of alloferon and 3 structural analogues of alloferon, which were earlier characterized by the highest pro-apoptotic activity in tenebrio molitor. the differences in the actions of these peptides on immune response were observed. alloferon increased nodulation and significantly phenoloxidase activity in the hemolymph of experimentally infected t. molitor. however, [phe(p-nh2 )(1) ]- and [phe(p-ome)(1) ]-alloferon stro ... | 2016 | 27925389 |
| dietary fatty acids influence the growth and fatty acid composition of the yellow mealworm tenebrio molitor (coleoptera: tenebrionidae). | fat is the second most abundant component of the nutrient composition of the mealworm tenebrio molitor (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) that represents also an interesting source of pufa, especially n-6 and n-3 fatty acids, involved in prevention of cardiovascular diseases. this study investigated the possibility of modifying the fat content and the fa composition of yellow mealworms through feeding and how this would be influenced by developmental stages, pupal sex, and generation with the future ai ... | 2017 | 28083781 |
| the pacc transcription factor regulates secondary metabolite production and stress response, but has only minor effects on virulence in the insect pathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana. | the pacc transcription factor is an important component of the fungal ambient ph-responsive regulatory system. loss of pacc in the insect pathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana resulted in an alkaline ph-dependent decrease in growth and ph-dependent increased susceptibility to osmotic (salt, sorbitol) stress and sds. extreme susceptibility to congo red was noted irrespective of ph, and δbbpacc conidia showed subtle increases in uv susceptibility. the δbbpacc mutant showed a reduced ability to acid ... | 2017 | 28083986 |
| microbiological load of edible insects found in belgium. | edible insects are gaining more and more attention as a sustainable source of animal protein for food and feed in the future. in belgium, some insect products can be found on the market, and consumers are sourcing fresh insects from fishing stores or towards traditional markets to find exotic insects that are illegal and not sanitarily controlled. from this perspective, this study aims to characterize the microbial load of edible insects found in belgium (i.e., fresh mealworms and house crickets ... | 2017 | 28098752 |
| light microscopy with differential staining techniques for the characterisation and discrimination of insects versus marine arthropods processed animal proteins. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of light microscopy with differential staining techniques for the discrimination of insect material from marine arthropods - classified as fishmeal. specifically, three samples of single-species insect material, hermetia illucens (hi), bombyx mori (bm) and tenebrio molitor (tm), and two samples of marine arthropods, shrimp material and krill, were analysed and compared after staining by two reagents to enhance fragment identification. alizarin red (a ... | 2017 | 28105887 |
| why do caterpillars whistle at birds? insect defence sounds startle avian predators. | many insects produce sounds when attacked by a predator, yet the functions of these signals are poorly understood. it is debated whether such sounds function as startle, warning or alarm signals, or merely serve to augment other defences. direct evidence is limited owing to difficulties in disentangling the effects of sounds from other defences that often occur simultaneously in live insects. we conducted an experiment to test whether an insect sound can function as a deimatic (i.e. startle) dis ... | 2017 | 28232054 |
| nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors for three edible insects: tenebrio molitor, alphitobius diaperinus, and hermetia illucens. | insects are considered a nutritionally valuable source of alternative proteins, and their efficient protein extraction is a prerequisite for large-scale use. the protein content is usually calculated from total nitrogen using the nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor (kp) of 6.25. this factor overestimates the protein content, due to the presence of nonprotein nitrogen in insects. in this paper, a specific kp of 4.76 ± 0.09 was calculated for larvae from tenebrio molitor, alphitobius diaperinus, ... | 2017 | 28252948 |
| a neuropeptide modulates sensory perception in the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema carpocapsae. | entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) employ a sophisticated chemosensory apparatus to detect potential hosts. understanding the molecular basis of relevant host-finding behaviours could facilitate improved epn biocontrol approaches, and could lend insight to similar behaviours in economically important mammalian parasites. fmrfamide-like peptides are enriched and conserved across the phylum nematoda, and have been linked with motor and sensory function, including dispersal and aggregating behaviour ... | 2017 | 28253355 |
| the fate of persisting thoracic neurons during metamorphosis of the meal beetle tenebrio molitor (insecta: coleoptera). | a set of motor neurons and interneurons in the thoracic nervous system of the meal beetle tenebrio molitor l. is described that persist during metamorphosis. the motor neurons under discussion innervate the thoracic ventral longitudinal muscles and were identified by retrograde transport of intramuscularly injected horseradish peroxidase. persisting motor neurons exhibit a complex repetitive pattern that changes only slightly during development. additionally, the characterization of serotonin-im ... | 1987 | 28305463 |