Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| the efficacy of the drummond adult test on boophilus microplus females (acarina: ixodidae) subjected to various periods of cold storage prior to organophosphate testing. | engorged females of boophilus microplus, stored at 4 degrees c for up to 5 days, and females, kept at room temperature for 1 day and then at 4 degrees c for 1 day, showed no significant differences in their response to an organophosphate as determined by the drummond adult test. | 1983 | 6646662 |
| binding of antigens to tissues: the example of boophilus microplus and bovine skin. | 1983 | 6654584 | |
| some helminth and arthropod parasites of the grey duiker, sylvicapra grimmia. | sixteen grey duikers were culled on the farm riekert 's laager in the central transvaal at irregular intervals from may 1979-march 1981. one trematode species, 3 cestode species and 16 nematode species were recovered from these animals. of these the following are new helminth records for this antelope: cooperia hungi , cooperia neitzi , cooperia pectinata , trichostrongylus axei, trichostrongylus colubriformis, trichostrongylus falculatus , trichostrongylus instabilis , impalaia tuberculata , ne ... | 1983 | 6676685 |
| trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitors from the tick, boophilus microplus. | the eggs of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus, contain at least two proteolytic enzyme inhibitors which have been purified and partially characterized. one of these is closely related to an inhibitor from larval ticks previously purified. it is similar in general properties, in amino acid composition and it cross-reacts immunologically with the larval protein. the egg and larval proteins are, however, largely or completely stage-specific. the significance of this to the study of the host-para ... | 1983 | 6683962 |
| observations on anaplasmosis following field exposure to heavy and light infestations with boophilus microplus. | two groups of normandy calves were exposed to heavy (mean half body count = greater than 300) or light (mean half body count = 9) natural infestations with boophilus microplus. all of the calves became infected with anaplasma marginale. despite the difference in tick challenge level, there was no significant difference in the incubation period, increase in body temperature, level or duration of anaplasma parasitemia, decrease in packed cell volume, or complement-fixing antibody response, between ... | 1983 | 6685402 |
| the use of tick transmission by boophilus microplus to isolate pure strains of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale from cattle with mixed infections. | pure strains of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale were isolated from cattle infected with all 3 species as well as theileria sp. and eperythrozoon teganodes, using only transmission by the tick, boophilus microplus. unengorged adult ticks transferred to susceptible cattle transmitted a. marginale, but not babesia. engorged adults gave rise to progeny that transmitted babesia, b. bovis by larvae and b. bigemina by male ticks. the theileria and e. teganodes were not transmitt ... | 1983 | 6686384 |
| immune responses of calves antigenically stimulated and challenge exposed with anaplasma marginale during tick infestation or treatment with dexamethasone. | similar anamnestic antibody responses to a 2nd injection of a anaplasma marginale vaccinal antigen were observed in calves infested with the tick dermacentor albipictus and in tick-free calves. when challenge exposure of these calves to virulent a marginale was done, infestation with the tick boophilus microplus increased anemia (p less than 0.01), but did not suppress antibody production to a marginale or increase parasitemia. none of the vaccinated calves, regardless of infestation, experience ... | 1984 | 6711969 |
| control of boophilus ticks on heifers with two pyrethroids applied as sprays. | the pyrethroid permethrin (25% cis to 75% trans) was sprayed on hereford heifers infested with all parasitic stages of boophilus microplus (canestrini) at 0.05% and 0.1% active ingredient. at 0.05%, control was 66.7%; whereas at 0.1%, control was 93.3%. replete females were collected daily for 28 days after treatment at both concentrations, indicating that at least some ticks treated as larvae or nymphs were able to reach repletion. the pyrethroid fenvalerate was sprayed on hereford heifers infe ... | 1984 | 6732004 |
| [seasonal dynamics in the development of boophilus microplus and amblyomma cajennense in camagüey, cuba]. | studies were carried out on the occurrence of the ixodic ticks in farm animals in the province of camagüey, cuba. most spread proved to be the boophilus microplus and amblyomma cajennense species. as many as three waves of parasitic activity were seen with b. microplus: at the end of the winter season, in the months of may and june, and in the autumn (october and november). only one wave was there with the activity of a. cajennense, covering the period of march-september. | 1984 | 6740935 |
| tick resistance and the major histocompatibility system. | 199 3/4 brahman 1/4 shorthorn cattle, whose resistance to the cattle tick boophilus microplus had been determined by clinical trial, were tested for 19 bovine lymphocyte antigens. of eleven antigens detected at a frequency greater than 5%, two were found to be associated with tick resistance and a third was associated with susceptibility to ticks. however, none of these antigens accounts for more than 2.1% of the variance, indicating that these associations are not strong. | 1984 | 6743140 |
| the bovine immune response to tick-derived babesia bovis infection: serological studies of isolated immunoglobulins. | a cryopreserved stabilate was prepared from babesia bovis-infected boophilus microplus ticks. the stabilate was used to infect a group of mature bos taurus-bos indicus cows. the survivors of the initial infection were rechallenged with the homologous stabilate 65 days later. all cows reacted parasitologically after primary challenge, and most responded serologically. with the exception of two cows, those not responding serologically died of acute babesiosis. the two that survived the primary cha ... | 1982 | 6761951 |
| mammalian wildlife diseases as hazards to man and livestock in an area of the llanos orientales of colombia. | development of the llanos orientales of colombia, and access to underdeveloped areas in the llanos, may create disease hazards to man and domestic animals or introduce exotic pathogens, creating reservoirs of infection for domestic animals and acting as limiting factors on the native wild species. a survey of wild animals common to the llanos revealed a number of parasites indigenous to the area. a total total of 59 mammalian species, representing eight orders were examined. haematozoa were repr ... | 1981 | 6788961 |
| causal agents of bovine theileriosis in southern africa. | one pathogenic and 4 mild bovine theileria strains from southern africa, all transmitted by rhipicephalus appendiculatus, were compared amongst themselves as well as to bovine and buffalo strains of the t. parva complex from eastern and southern africa and to bovine strains of t. taurotragi from tanzania considered to be derived from eland antelope. criteria used were parasitological, clinical, serological and cross-immunity characters. the mild strains are similar to bovine t. taurotragi. serol ... | 1982 | 6812250 |
| epidemiology and transmission of theileria sp of cattle in australia. | theileria sp occurs in cattle in australia where boophilus microplus is not present. two species of ixodid ticks namely haemaphysalis longicornis and h. bancrofti have been implicated as natural vectors. experimental transmission was obtained with these two species but attempts to transmit the infection with b. microplus, ixodes holocyclus and amblyomma triguttatum were not successful. although calves born in the enzootic area may become infected before one-month-old most show evidence of infect ... | 1982 | 6818938 |
| failure of boophilus microplus to transmit irradiated babesia bovis. | 1983 | 6836174 | |
| the economics of cattle tick control in dry tropical australia. | the economics of strategic dipping compared to nil treatment of cattle ticks (boophilus microplus) on droughtmaster cattle was assessed using a partial budget analysis. the analysis was based on reported experimental data which showed a bodyweight gain advantage from strategic dipping of 45 kg/head for growing cattle and 35 kg/head for breeding cows. costs of dipping were calculated using 3 acaricide costs, that is 5.9, 20.9 and 62.7 per head and allowances were made for mustering, maintenance o ... | 1983 | 6838436 |
| the efficacy of some acaricides against screw-worm fly larvae. | thirteen acaricides used for control of cattle tick in queensland were evaluated for their potential in the chemical control of the screw-worm fly, chrysomya bezziana. laboratory evaluations and in vivo tests using artificially infested cattle were made in papua new guinea. most of the acaricides caused some mortality of screw-worm larvae in infested cattle and in laboratory tests. acaricides of the organophosphorous, carbamate and organophosphorous/synthetic pyrethroid groups showed reasonable ... | 1983 | 6838439 |
| ultrastructure of babesia bovis sexual stages as observed in boophilus microplus cell cultures. | propagation of babesia bovis in a boophilus microplus cell line resulted in the appearance of the sexual stage of the parasite normally found only within tick intestine. these sexual stages, which possessed spike-like projections containing microtubules, were present in the medium and within cultured cells. other ultrastructural characteristics of this sexual stage are described. | 1983 | 6857000 |
| comparison of cutaneous hyperemia in cattle elicited by larvae of boophilus microplus and by prostaglandins and other mediators. | blood flow has been measured in bovine skin following the injection of tick antigens and a number of pharmacological mediators; including histamine, prostaglandins and slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis. the greatest increase in blood flow (20 times normal) was recorded with tick antigens and with prostaglandin f2. this mediator may therefore influence blood flow during immune reactions to ticks and during the rapid ingestion of blood by the ticks. | 1983 | 6861956 |
| epidemiology of tick-borne diseases of cattle in zimbabwe. i. babesiosis. | a survey on the incidence of antibodies to babesia bigemina and babesia bovis in one to three year old calves at 274 localities in zimbabwe revealed that b. bigemina occurred throughout the country together with its main vector, boophilus decoloratus. the distribution of b. bovis followed closely that of its vector boophilus microplus which is limited to the eastern part of the country. enzootic stability for b. bigemina was recorded in most of the communal tribal areas where regular dipping of ... | 1983 | 6868134 |
| babesia bovis: computer simulation of the relationship between the tick vector, parasite, and bovine host. | components contributing to the survival of babesia bovis in its tick vector (boophilus microplus) and bovine host were identified and their relationship simulated with an interactive basic computer program. estimates for major independent variables (host-finding success, feeding success, filial infection rate, recovery rate) were derived from published laboratory and field data. values for dependent variables (tick burden, inoculation rate, tick and bovine infection rates) were calculated during ... | 1983 | 6873224 |
| cattle tick infestation. | 1980 | 6931334 | |
| evaluation of the potential of systemic slow release chemical treatments for control of the cattle tick (boophilus microplus) using ivermectin. | stall and field trials with cattle infested with various acaricide-resistant strains of cattle tick, have demonstrated the potential of ivermectin as a systemic tickicide. a dosage of 200 micrograms/kg, administered subcutaneously to animals naturally infested in the field, gave satisfactory tick control for 21 days, after an initial lag period of 2 days immediately following treatment, during which significant numbers of ticks survived. daily subcutaneous treatments, administered so as to simul ... | 1981 | 7044363 |
| tropical legumes of the genus stylosanthes immobilize and kill cattle ticks. | 1982 | 7057894 | |
| infectivity for cattle of anaplasma marginale extracted from boophilus microplus ticks exposed to certain temperatures. | 1982 | 7082225 | |
| breeding for resistance to boophilus microplus in australian illawarra shorthorn and brahman x australian illawarra shorthorn cattle. | breeding for resistance to the cattle tick boophilus microplus was undertaken in a herd of australian illawarra shorthorn (ais) cattle from 1961 to 1978 and in a herd of braham x ais cattle from 1970 to 1979. breeder cows and their progeny were assessed for tick resistance during october to january. resistance levels were determined as the average percentage mortality of female ticks from two artificial infestations with cohorts of c 20,000 larvae. resistance increased from 89.2% to 99% in the a ... | 1982 | 7082236 |
| anaplasmosis and babesiosis in el salvador. | a serological survey was carried out in the central american state of el salvador to determine the distribution and prevalence of anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina and babesia bovis. the results suggest that the parasites are widely distributed throughout the country and prevalence rates of 78.5% for a. marginale, 70.5% for b. bigemina and 73.5% for b. bovis were obtained. tick counts suggest that boophilus microplus is the main blood parasite vector. epidemiological studies showed that init ... | 1982 | 7101466 |
| some effects of time, temperature and feeding on infection rates with babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in boophilus microplus larvae. | 1982 | 7118375 | |
| biological comparisons between a laboratory-maintained and a recently isolated field strain of boophilus microplus. | biological differences between two strains of boophilus microplus were examined. the a-strain of ticks had been maintained at the laboratory for many years and the n-strain was recently isolated, being a composite strain derived from ticks from different sources in the field. in three experiments, up to three times as many n-strain ticks grew to maturity than did a-strain ticks, although a-strain ticks matured earlier. n-strain ticks were 17 to 60% heavier, and laid 50 to 100% more eggs than a-s ... | 1982 | 7119993 |
| prevalence of cattle ticks in morocco. | during july 1980 the prevalence of cattle ticks was studied in 4 bioclimatic regions of morocco. all the 24 farms examined were infested. the mean number of ticks per animal varied from 6.5 to 36.3 in different regions. eight species of ticks were identified: hyalomma marginatum, h. detritum, h. lusitanicum, h. anatolicum, boophilus annulatus, rhipicephalus sanguineus, r. turanicus, r. bursa. numerically h. detritum (30.8%) h. marginatum (25.5%) and b. annulatus (29.2%) were most important. the ... | 1982 | 7123663 |
| cyhalothrin--a novel acaricidal and insecticidal synthetic pyrethroid for the control of the cattle tick (boophilus microplus) and the buffalo fly (haematobia irritans exigua). | cyhalothrin, a novel synthetic pyrethroid, was evaluated for control of the major resistant strains of the cattle tick (boophilus microplus) and for control of the buffalo fly (haematobia irritans exigua) on cattle. in regulated treatment trials with 0.007% cyhalothrin, greater than 99% control of the biarra, mackay, mt alford, ddt resistant and ulam cattle tick strains was obtained. protective-period trials were conducted in which animals which had been sprayed with 0.007% cyhalothrin then rece ... | 1982 | 7165598 |
| transmission of babesia bovis, using undifferentiated embryonic cells from boophilus microplus tick eggs. | 1981 | 7196719 | |
| a putative role for eosinophils in tick rejection. | in the reaction of bos taurus cattle to infestation by the tick boophilus microplus, mast cell histamine is translocated by the eosinophils to the attachment site. the concentration pattern of this cutaneous mediator for pain appears related to the grooming behaviour of the host. | 1981 | 7202667 |
| reduction in pathogenicity of babesia bovis for its tick vector, boophilus microplus, after rapid blood passage in splenectomized calves. | two strains of babesia bovis that had been serially blood passaged in splenectomized calves 27 to 33 times, a procedure known to have reduced their virulence for normal cattle, were shown to have low pathogenicity for replete, female boophilus microplus. in comparison with a strain of b. bovis unmodified by repeated blood passage, the two modified strains infected higher proportions of ticks and produced comparable numbers of morphologically similar parasites in their haemolymph, but killed sign ... | 1981 | 7222925 |
| [preliminary note on the appearance of resistance to ethion in several strains of boophilus microplus in new caledonia]. | 1980 | 7232805 | |
| metabolic changes in cattle due to the specific effect of the tick, boophilus microplus. | 1. an experiment was designed to provide information on the alterations in body metabolism which would account for the loss of body-weight in cattle due to the specific effect (factors other than reduced food intake) of the tick boophilus microplus. 2. two groups of british (shorthorn x hereford) and africander x british calves, each approximately months olds, were used: one group (treated) of each breed was tick-infested and the other (control) was tick-free. within breeds, calves in the contro ... | 1981 | 7236581 |
| a new tick cell line derived from boophilus microplus. | the boophilus microplus ix tick cell line was developed from a primary embryonic cell culture derived from eggs six to nine days old. the cell line has been in culture since march 1979 and is currently maintained at 32 degrees c in medium consisting of equal parts of minimum essential medium an leibovitz 15 medium supplemented with 20 per cent fetal bovine serum, 10 per cent tryptose phosphate broth and 0.1 per cent plasma albumin. a split ratio of 1:2 has been used for all subcultures and the c ... | 1980 | 7255899 |
| arteriovenous anastomoses in the dermal vasculature of the skin of bos taurus cattle, and their relationship with resistance to the tick, boophilus microplus. | bos taurus cattle with high resistance to the tick boophilus microplus, whether free-grazing or in covered pens, had significantly more arteriovenous anastomoses (ava) in their skin than did animals of low resistance. these differences in number of ava associated with resistance level were most marked above the level of the sebaceous gland in the neck region, an area favoured for tick feeding. in this skin layer, the number of ava in low-resistance animals (4.0 plus or minus 0.4 per 2.1 mm) was ... | 1981 | 7259631 |
| cutaneous hyperaemia elicited by larvae of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. | the responses of skin capillary blood flow (bf) to infestation by larvae of b. microplus have been determined using radioactive microspheres. larvae were placed in gauze-covered rings glued to the closely clipped skin. in pilot experiments on three brahman-cross calves which had prior exposure to ticks, bf measurements at intervals up to 25 h post-infestation revealed a continuing increase. 'high' rates of infestation (5000 larvae per ring) elicited up to an 80-fold increase in bf. in four austr ... | 1981 | 7259632 |
| control of the southern cattle tick with insecticide-impregnated ear tags. | 1980 | 7264045 | |
| partial characterization of a unique female diploid cell strain from the tick boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | 1981 | 7288834 | |
| [seasonal variations in the parasitic activity of the cattle tick boophilus microplus (acari, ixodidae), in new caledonia]. | 1980 | 7291655 | |
| ultrastructural evidence for the endocrine nature of the lateral organs of the cattle tick boophilus microplus. | the lateral organs of the tick boophilus microplus were previously thought to have a neurohaemal function, but the present study shows that they consist of glandular cells which contain a rich system of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ser) and golgi but no indication of neurosecretory production or release. there is acid phosphatase activity throughout the ser as well as in golgi and a major function of the latter may be the production of lysosomal enzymes. it is suggested that the organs are endo ... | 1981 | 7324027 |
| the transmission of babesia bovis in herds of european and zebu x european cattle infested with the tick, boophilus microplus. | transmission of babesia bovis by the tick boophilus microplus was studied in 4 breeding herds of european and zebu x european cattle under different levels of tick infestation. the observations consisted of weekly counts of female ticks on the cattle, monthly serological tests for antibodies to b. bovis, examination of tick larvae from the pasture to determine b. bovis infection rates and comparison of the suitability of paddocks for tick reproduction. the rate of transmission (inoculation rate) ... | 1981 | 7337597 |
| increased numbers of strahlenkörper in boophilus microplus ticks ingesting a blood-passaged strain of babesia bigemina. | observations were made on the morphology and infectivity of babesia bigemina parasites in the gut of boophilus microplus ticks. the babesia parasites were derived from stabilates of a laboratory strain, prepared at intervals during several years of blood-passaging in cattle. increased numbers of a particular developmental stage of the parasite, considered to be a type of strahlenkörper, were observed in ticks ingesting parasites derived from the latter stages of passaging. the presence of large ... | 1981 | 7342228 |
| a survey for resistance in cattle ticks to acaricides. | a survey was made from late 1976 to late 1977 to determine the extent of resistance to acaricides in the cattle tick boophilus microplus in queensland. questionnaires and requests for samples of ticks were forwarded to more than 900 randomly selected stock owners in the tick infested area which had been divided into 4 regions. far north, coastal north, coastal cental and south east. the response measured by the number of tick samples tested was 43%. the prevalence of resistance to organophosphor ... | 1981 | 7342942 |
| [ultrastructure and cytochemistry of the pellicle and apical complexes of the kinete of babesia bigemina and babesia ovis in the hemolymph and oavry of the tick]. | the term kinete is used in this paper for the cigar-shaped, motile development stages (vermicule") of babesia occurring intra- and extracellularly in hemolymph and overy (including oocytes) of vectors, hard ticks (ixodoidea). the structure of, and cytochemical activities of hydrolases (acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase) in the pellicle and the apical complex was studied at the fine-structural level in kinetes of babesia bigemina smith & kilborne, in hemolympho of female boophilus microplus ... | 1980 | 7373571 |
| boophilus microplus: the effect of histamine on the attachment of cattle-tick larvae--studies in vivo and in vitro. | circumstantial evidence suggests that the earlier detachment of boophilus microplus larvae from highly resistant cattle follows the release of histamine at the attachment site. in vivo and in vitro experiments show that a proportion of the larvae will detach following injection or infusion of histamine. other mediators such as bradykinin, prostaglandin e2, 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine have little or no effect on tick behaviour in vivo. sensitivity to histamine declines as larval attachments ... | 1980 | 7393620 |
| the effect of locality, breed and previous tick experience on seasonal changes in the resistance of cattle to boophilus microplus (ixodoidea: ixodidae). | a seasonal cycle in the expression of resistance to the tick boophilus microplus occurs in cattle in central and southeastern queensland, australia. this is due to a seasonal fluctuation in the capacity of cattle to mount an effective immune response against the parasitic tick and is manifest as a waning of the expression of resistance in autumn and early winter which occurs irrespective of breed or the nutritional state of the cattle. | 1980 | 7418795 |
| bovine babesiosis in northern mexico. | the occurrence of boophilus microplus infections accompanied by bovine babesiosis was confirmed for 2 locations in northern mexico. the confirmation at one location was made by transferring whole blood to a splenectomised calf which subsequently developed an acute babesia bovis infection. examination of thin blood smears from a suspect animal at the second location revealed b. bovis-infected erthrocytes. a serological survey of other herd members at both locations showed antibody activity agains ... | 1980 | 7434473 |
| a survey concerning cattle tick control in queensland. 2. managerial aspects which indirectly affect tick control. | this paper reports those findings concerning property management from the 1977-78 survey of tick control in queensland, which could effect efficient tick control and also presents a profile of the cattle industry in the tick infested areas at the time of the survey. the average property size was 400 hectares and the average number of cattle on the properties was 726.4. larger properties tended to have crossbred zebu cattle. the average number of paddocks per property was 7.2. the most popular st ... | 1980 | 7436923 |
| a survey concerning cattle tick control in queensland. 3. chemical control. | survey results concerning chemical control of the cattle tick (boophilus microplus) in queensland are reported in detail, and differences due to region, breed and type of enterprise are discussed. the results show that chemical control was more intensive in zebu and zebu crossbred cattle than could be justified economically and that a minority of producers with european cattle carried out strategic dipping. owners of plunge dips did not make regular use of testing facilities, available from the ... | 1980 | 7436924 |
| a survey concerning cattle tick control in queensland. 4. use of resistant cattle and pasture spelling. | the results of a survey on tick control carried out in 1977-78 indicate that tick resistant cattle have been introduced for their heat and drought tolerance and their ability to grow more rapidly than european cattle, especially in the extensive grazing country of northern and central queensland. in south-eastern queensland acceptance of tick resistant cattle has been slower because producers believe they are more difficult to manage than european cattle. a need for more publicity to be given to ... | 1980 | 7436925 |
| perineurial and glial cells in the tick boophilus microplus (acarina: ixodidae): freeze-fracture and tracer studies. | in the cattle tick boophilus microplus, the cells of the perineurium are characterized by accumulations of glycogen which increase dramatically after feeding. gap junctions couple both these perineurial cells which enshealth the c.n.s. and the underlying glial cells. no tight junctions have been found between perineurial cells and there is in consequence no blood-brain barrier. using ionic lanthanum as a tracer the extensive gap junctions are shown to have no occluding effect and lanthanum penet ... | 1980 | 7441296 |
| cattle ticks from the waterberg district of the transvaal. | macroscopically visible ticks were collected from the hides of 28 cattle slaughtered in pairs during a period of 14 months in the waterberg district. in order of prevalence rhipicephalus appendiculatus, rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, amblyomma hebraeum, hyalomma marginatum rufipes, ixodes cavipalpus, hyalomma truncatum and boophilus decoloratus were recovered. immature stages of the three commonest species constituted a major portion of the population for varying periods during the months april ... | 1980 | 7452655 |
| cattle tick identification and seasonal variation in infestation rates in paraguay. | a study of cattle ticks (ixodoidea) in 2 locations in paraguay showed boophilus microplus to be the most prevalent. seasonal infestation rates were studied over a year as also was the effect of acaricide treatment on weight gain, which proved to be insignificant. | 1980 | 7456127 |
| on the biological role of a proteolytic-enzyme inhibitor from the ectoparasitic tick boophilus microplus. | the tick boophilus microplus contains a protein that inhibits a range of proteolytic enzymes. variations in the concentration of this protein throughtout the life cycle were followed by measuring simultaneously the inhibition of trypsin and chymotrypsin and reaction with an antiserum to the purified inhibitor. the protein is present in large amounts in eggs and in unfed larvae, but its concentration falls very rapidly after the start of the parasitic stage of the life cycle. this, together with ... | 1980 | 7458913 |
| seasonal incidence and hemoparasite infection rates of ixodid ticks (acari: ixodidae) detached from cattle in costa rica. | to determine the tick species hindering the cattle industry in costa rica and to assess infection rates of ticks with three important hemoparasite species, cattle were monitored during a period of six months (october 1992-march 1993). four farms were located in the dry pacific region of the canton of tilarán and a fifth farm on the slopes of the poás volcano in a cool tropical cloud-forest ecosystem. on each farm 3 to 5 animals of 6 to 24 months of age were selected at random. all ticks were rem ... | 1994 | 7501871 |
| acaricidal and insecticidal activities of cadina-4,10 (15)-dien-3-one. | the novel assignment of 13c and 1h nmr data for cadina-4,10(15)-dien-3-one obtained from hyptis verticillata is presented. the study revealed that cadina-4,10(15)-dien-3-one possesses chemosterilant activities against the economically important cattle tick, boophilus microplus, and toxic action against adult cylas formicarius the most destructive pest of sweet potato (i pomoea sp.). | 1995 | 7576456 |
| strategies for the control of one-host ticks and relationship with tick-borne diseases in south america. | a variety of hemoparasites occurs in ruminants of south america (12 degrees 00'n-56 degrees 00's), but there is consensus on the significant economic impact of babesiosis (babesia bovis and babesia bigemina) and anaplasmosis (anaplasma marginale). the tick vector for the babesia spp. for the whole region is boophilus microplus which has been the most important target in control/eradication programs. boophilus microplus and many different hematophagous diptera species are considered vectors of a. ... | 1995 | 7597780 |
| vector situation of tick-borne diseases in the caribbean islands. | the most important ticks transmitting diseases to ruminants in the caribbean islands are: amblyomma variegatum, vector of cowdriosis and associated with acute dermatophilosis; amblyomma cajennense, potential vector of cowdriosis; boophilus microplus, vector of babesiosis and anaplasmosis. at the present time, amblyomma variegatum is widespread in the lesser antilles from barbados to puerto rico. the intensity of the tick control program varies in the different islands and the tick infestation in ... | 1995 | 7597781 |
| modelling the field efficacy of a genetically engineered vaccine against the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. | the cattle tick boophilus microplus canestrini (ixodidae) is an obligate parasite of bovines in the tropics. vaccination against the tick, using concealed antigens, has previously been demonstrated to give partial protection which can vary under field conditions. in this paper computer modelling is used to evaluate the potential impact of the vaccine on populations of ticks on grazing cattle. the degree and duration of protection required to maintain tick numbers at acceptable levels is investig ... | 1995 | 7601586 |
| a survey of cattle producers in the boophilus microplus endemic area of queensland to determine attitudes to the control of and vaccination against tick fever. | a survey by mail was used to determine the views of beef producers in the boophilus microplus endemic area of queensland on the control of and vaccination against tick fever. data from 448 questionnaires were analysed, representing 2.7% of beef producers in the survey area. producers considered buffalo fly (haematobia irritans exigua) infestation as the most important problem whereas tick fever ranked sixth overall. private veterinarians were regarded as the most important source of information ... | 1995 | 7611988 |
| antigens identified by monoclonal antibodies in tissue sections of boophilus microplus. | a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against midgut antigens of boophilus microplus were used to probe various stages and organs of the tick. one of the monoclonal antibodies in this panel (qu13) has previously been shown to recognize protective antigens. of the 18 mabs tested, all except two (qu5 and qu12) reacted with sections of adult midgut and malpighian tubules using an avidin-biotin alkaline phosphatase method for immunostaining. mabs qu1, qu2, qu3, qu4, qu12, qu13, and qu18 rea ... | 1995 | 7622331 |
| pathogenicity of 17 isolates of entomophagous nematodes (steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae) for the ticks amblyomma variegatum (fabricius), boophilus microplus (canestrini) and boophilus annulatus (say). | entomopathogenous nematodes are well known biocontrol agents of insects. they live in the superficial layer of the soil, a location where ticks accomplish their molt and where they oviposit their eggs, making them, theoretically, the preys of infective larvae of nematodes. seventeen strains of entomopathogenous nematodes: eight strains of steinernema and nine strains of heterorhabditis were placed in contact with each of the free living stages of three tick species: amblyomma variegatum, boophil ... | 1993 | 7628227 |
| the localization of a paralysis toxin in granules and nuclei of prefed female rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi tick salivary gland cells. | a monoclonal antibody directed against a paralysis toxin of rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi ticks was used to localize the toxin in cytoplasmic granules and, surprisingly, chromatin of the nuclei of cells which resemble the "b" cell type in the salivary glands of rhipicephalus appendiculatus, boophilus microplus and ixodes holocyclus. the association of toxin with chromatin indicates that the toxin may have a regulatory function. evidence is provided to support the view that the toxin is made up o ... | 1993 | 7628232 |
| comparative reproduction and nonparasitic development of boophilus microplus and hybridized boophilus ticks (acari: ixodidae) under natural field conditions in subtropical south texas. | the reproductive biology and nonparasitic development of boophilus microplus (canestrini) and hybridized boophilus ticks (b. annulatus (say) male x b. microplus female) held under natural field conditions in south texas throughout the year were compared. comparisons between the two types of ticks indicated that the ovipositional biology (percentage of ovipositing females and number of eggs laid) of the females favored hybrid ticks during some months and b. microplus ticks during other months. ho ... | 1994 | 7628244 |
| experimental studies of the rate of infection of boophilus microplus eggs with babesia bovis. | babasia bovis infection in the eggs of boophilus microplus was investigated by examining the total output of eggs by 10 engorged female ticks with a level of haemolymph infection with b bovis ranging from 0.2 to 20.6 kinetics per microscope field. the ticks were fed on infected calves, with a parasitaemia ranging from 0.01 per cent to 0.02 per cent, inoculated with a stabilate of b microplus larvae containing the protozoa. infected eggs, 9.5 per cent of the total eggs laid, were detected from th ... | 1995 | 7659857 |
| control of boophilus microplus populations in grazing cattle vaccinated with a recombinant bm86 antigen preparation. | current methods for the control of cattle tick boophilus microplus infestations are not effective and the parasite remains a serious problem for the cattle industry in tropical and subtropical areas. recently, we developed a vaccine against b. microplus employing a recombinant bm86 (rbm86) antigen preparation (gavac, heber biotec) and it was shown to induce a protective response in vaccinated animals under controlled conditions. here we show that, under field conditions in grazing cattle, the va ... | 1995 | 7660571 |
| infection dynamics of babesia spp. kinetes in naturally infected, engorged, female boophilus microplus. | 1995 | 7668923 | |
| epidemiological aspects of equine babesioses in a herd of horses in brazil. | epidemiological studies of babesia equi and b. caballi were undertaken in a herd of 120 pastured horses in rio de janeiro, brazil. the area where the horses were held was shown to be highly endemic for both babesia spp., i.e. the prevalence of b. equi antibodies in horses aged 6 months or older ranged from 90.6% to 100% as determined by the immunofluorescence antibody (ifa) test, and the prevalence of b. caballi antibodies as determined by western blot ranged from 59.4% to 65.5%. from the herd, ... | 1995 | 7676590 |
| the effect of various adjuvants on the humoral immune response of sheep and cattle to soluble and membrane midgut antigens of boophilus microplus. | sheep and cattle were immunized with soluble and membrane midgut antigens of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus in association with various adjuvants, and antibody levels to soluble and membrane midgut extracts were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the adjuvants used were quil a, freund's incomplete adjuvant (fia) and aluminium hydroxide (a1(oh)3). significant antibody levels to midgut membrane antigen (gm) were not detected in the sera of sheep immunized with gm plus a1( ... | 1995 | 7676593 |
| comparison of prostaglandin e2 (pge2) in salivary gland of boophilus microplus, haemaphysalis longicornis and ixodes holocyclus, and quantification of pge2 in saliva, hemolymph, ovary and gut of b. microplus. | the amount of prostaglandin e2 (pge2) in salivary gland of semi-engorged adult female boophilus microplus, haemaphysalis longicornis and ixodes holocyclus were 374.3 pg, 427.0 pg and 825.0 pg per one tick, respectively. it was thought that the pge2 production is a common phenomenon among ticks. then pge2 concentrations in saliva and hemolymph, salivary gland, ovary and gut of fully-engorged adult female b. microplus were compared. the pge2 concentration in saliva induced by pilocarpine was 40.3 ... | 1994 | 7696426 |
| host resistance to ectoparasites. | examples of immunological reactions to arthropod parasites include responses by hosts to the following stimuli: excretory and secretory antigens produced by myiasis-producing larvae or skin-dwelling (mange) mites salivary antigens of blood-sucking arthropods. in many cases, these are hypersensitivity reactions, which often appear not to produce very deleterious effects on the parasites. however, some reactions--such as those induced by natural infestations with ixodid ticks and certain mange mit ... | 1994 | 7711313 |
| the effects of moxidectin against natural infestations of the cattle tick (boophilus microplus). | 1994 | 7726764 | |
| relationships and influences between boophilus microplus characteristics in tick-naive or repeatedly infested cattle. | six tick-naive male hereford calves were infested once a month for 6 months with 18,000 boophilus microplus larvae on the back and with 400 larvae in a cloth bag glued on the lumbar region. working with the bag ticks, 12 tick characteristics were recorded for each infestation. each tick attribute was analyzed for significant differences with those of the first infestation (analysis of variance), and for similarity (clustering), degree of relationship (correlation), and concomitant variation (reg ... | 1995 | 7732646 |
| anti-idiotypic antibodies as surrogate antigens for vaccinating against the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. | qu13, a monoclonal antibody (mab) raised against midgut (gm) antigens from boophilus microplus and shown to recognise antigens which protect cattle from tick challenge was used to immunise cattle and rabbits to produce anti-idiotypic antibodies (aia). polyclonal antisera against mab qu13 were produced in rabbits and cattle. aia were purified from these antisera by affinity chromatography procedures. these purified aia were found to block mab qu13 binding to gm in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assa ... | 1995 | 7754608 |
| tick resistance to pyrethroids in new caledonia. | boophilus microplus is the common cattle tick of great economic importance in new caledonia. since 1986, deltamethrin has been used for dipping. in 1992, an increase of tick infestations was seen on some ranches. field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine if resistant ticks were present. ticks resistant to deltamethrin were detected on three ranches, with resistance factors from 8.3 to 97.7. all deltamethrin-resistant isolates were also resistant to fenvalerate, but only one was al ... | 1995 | 7754609 |
| high level expression of the b. microplus bm86 antigen in the yeast pichia pastoris forming highly immunogenic particles for cattle. | recently, a gene coding for the bm86 tick gut glycoprotein was cloned, expressed in escherichia coli and shown to induce an immunological response in cattle to damage ticks engorging on these animals (rand et al., 1989). we report here the increased expression of the bm86 antigen from the cattle tick boophilus microplus in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. the recombinant protein was obtained with a purity higher than 95% by a procedure with a high yield. the conducted biochemical studie ... | 1994 | 7764729 |
| acid phosphatase in midgut digestive cells in partially fed females of the cattle tick boophilus microplus. | enzyme cytochemistry was used to identify vesicles containing acid phosphatase in the midgut digestive cells of partially fed females of the cattle tick boophilus microplus. the vesicles were elongated or tubular in shape and appeared to be involved with the digestion of host bloodmeal. in mature cells, they were sometimes in close contact with large endosomes, which contained host blood. the vesicles were identified as tubular lysosomes because their morphological and cytochemical characteristi ... | 1995 | 7776118 |
| commercialisation of a recombinant vaccine against boophilus microplus. | increasingly, there is need for methods to control cattle tick (boophilus microplus) infestations by the use of non-chemical technology. this need is brought about by a mixture of market forces and the failure or inadequacy of existing technology. a recombinant vaccine has now been developed against the tick. this vaccine relies on the uptake with the blood meal of antibody directed against a critical protein in the tick gut. the isolation of the vaccine antigen, bm86, and its production as a re ... | 1995 | 7784128 |
| efficacy of injectable doramectin against natural boophilus microplus infestations in cattle. | three experiments were conducted in latin america--1 in brazil, 1 in venezuela, and 1 in argentina--using a common protocol to investigate the efficacy of a single sc injection of doramectin (200 micrograms/kg of body weight) for treatment and control of boophilus microplus infestations in grazing cattle. in each experiment, 2 groups of 20 to 27 cattle were allocated on the basis of tick burdens present 24 hours before treatment to a treated or control group, which received saline solution (1 ml ... | 1995 | 7785822 |
| studies on the morphological changes in the midguts of two ixodid tick species boophilus microplus and rhipicephalus appendiculatus during digestion of the blood meal. | light and electron microscopy were used to study the morphological changes which accompanied feeding and digestion of the blood meal in the midgut epithelium of two ixodid tick species boophilus microplus and rhipicephalus appendiculatus. in unfed ticks of both species, the midgut epithelium was lined by stem cells and empty digest cells in which haematin accumulated with starvation. on attachment to its hosts, differentiation of the stem cells and the loss of haematin from the midgut epithelium ... | 1995 | 7797373 |
| detection of bm86 antigen in different strains of boophilus microplus and effectiveness of immunization with recombinant bm86. | the control of tick populations by using conventional strategies poses several problems, including the appearance of organophosphate resistant strains, among others. the possibility of using alternative strategies such as vaccination with tick antigens has been suggested by several authors. one particular antigen (bm86) has been described and shown to be able to induce a protective immunity against the cattle tick boophilus microplus. in this paper we demonstrate by means of immunohistochemical ... | 1994 | 7838598 |
| seasonal variation of ticks (ixodidae) in bos taurus x bos indicus cattle under rotational grazing in forested and deforested habitats in northwestern argentina. | the seasonal occurrence of ticks infesting cattle was monitored in a bos taurus x bos indicus commercial herd fed on a combination of native grasses and annual pastures in northwestern argentina. the number of female ticks (boophilus and amblyomma) and the proportion of cattle infested with larvae and nymphs of amblyomma ticks were recorded from a sample of 15 cows in 24 visits at intervals of 21-50 days from 5 december 1986 to 24 november 1988. the cattle were maintained on native grasses in fo ... | 1994 | 7839563 |
| ingestion of host immunoglobulin by three non-blood-feeding nematode parasites of ruminants. | host immunoglobulin was detected in homogenates of adult worms or fourth stage larvae of haemonchus contortus, ostertagia ostertagi, o circumcincta and dictyocaulus viviparus, but not in preparasitic third stage larvae of h contortus. all the worms had been washed in detergent before being homogenised to remove any immunoglobulin adhering to the cuticle. this procedure, the concentrations of immunoglobulin detected and observations on sections of the worms stained with fluorescent anti-sheep imm ... | 1994 | 7871262 |
| a protective "concealed" antigen from boophilus microplus. purification, localization, and possible function. | a membrane protein that can be used successfully to vaccinate cattle against the tick boophilus microplus has been purified and characterized. the mature protein, which is referred to as bm91, has an apparent m.w. of 86,000, an isoelectric point of 4.8 to 5.2, and is glycosylated, with an affinity for lentil lectin. bm91 is of relatively low abundance, with approximately 300 to 400 micrograms being recovered from 1 kg of semiengorged adult female ticks. the protein is located largely in the sali ... | 1994 | 7963573 |
| prostaglandin e2 production by the cattle tick (boophilus microplus) into feeding sites and its effect on the response of bovine mononuclear cells to mitogen. | prostaglandin e2 (pge2) secretion by the cattle tick boophilus microplus into feeding sites was quantified. it was detected by the in vitro tube feeding experiment and it was determined that a semi-engorged female tick could produce and transmit 1.8 ng pge2 into the feeding site. using the in vitro membrane feeding system, newly molted adult ticks were also shown to secrete 0.04-0.15 ng pge2 into the feeding site; however, female ticks produced more pge2 than male ticks. the immune suppressive e ... | 1994 | 7975125 |
| vaccines against arthropods. | the possibility of vaccinating hosts against blood-feeding arthropods using antigens derived from salivary gland, gut, and other tissues is reviewed. these vaccines directed against vector arthropods also have the potential to effect the arthropods capacity to transmit pathogens, and this is distinct from transmission-blocking vaccines that use antigens derived from pathogens. antigen extracts have been used in attempts to vaccinate against fleas, lice, keds, flies, mosquitoes, and a number of t ... | 1994 | 8024089 |
| babesia bovis: infectivity of an attenuated strain of brazilian origin for the tick vector, boophilus microplus. | in order to verify the infectivity and transovarian transmission of one strain of babesia bovis of brazilian origin, attenuated by repeated passages in splenectomized calves to the biological tick vector, boophilus microplus, an inoculation of that strain was performed in hemoparasite-free calves infested with hemoparasite-free ticks. subsequently, engorged female ticks were collected to examine hemolymph and progeny for presence of developing stages of babesia bovis. using an optical microscope ... | 1994 | 8030179 |
| tick infestations on cattle vaccinated with extracts from the eggs and the gut of boophilus microplus. | extracts prepared from the membranes of eggs (em) and guts (gm) of boophilus microplus were used to immunise cattle which were then infested twice with 20,000 larval ticks 1 week apart. em antigens did not protect cattle against challenge with ticks, despite high levels of anti-egg antibodies in the sera of the vaccinated cattle, detected by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). cattle vaccinated with gm, however, had high levels of antibodies against gm and were protected signi ... | 1994 | 8030189 |
| serum of boophilus microplus infested cattle reacts with different tick tissues. | five cattle were each experimentally infested with 30,000 boophilus microplus larvae and their humoral immune response to salivary gland, gut, embryo and larval extracts during infestation were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blot analysis. serum antibodies to embryo extract were detected by elisa 21 days after infestation and antibodies to the other extracts 28 days following infestation. using western blot analysis, new bands were recognized and others disap ... | 1994 | 8030190 |
| microorganisms in the development of subunit vaccines against parasites. | because of the increasing problems of resistance to chemicals and chemical residues, preventative vaccination has increasing appeal as a way to control parasite infestations in humans and in animals. such vaccines are now feasible through the application of genetic engineering technology to allow production of parasite protective antigens in microorganisms in commercially viable quantities at an acceptable cost. this concept is illustrated by describing research toward subunit vaccines against h ... | 1994 | 8080628 |
| quil a and iscoms as adjuvants for midgut membrane antigens of boophilus microplus. | quil a used with boophilus microplus gut membrane antigen (gm) had a significant effect on antibody levels induced in sheep (p < 0.05) since gm alone did not induce a significant level of antibodies. injection of a vaccine containing gm and quil a, either subcutaneously or intramuscularly, induced similar levels of antibodies in sheep. however, quil a injected subcutaneously induced acute inflammatory reaction. the amount of quil a for use with gm was determined to be 1000 micrograms/ml. immunos ... | 1994 | 8087157 |
| evaluation of the infectivity of a vaccinal and a pathogenic babesia bovis strain from argentina to boophilus microplus. | three trials were performed to test the infectivity of a vaccinal and a pathogenic strain of babesia bovis for the tick boophilus microplus. the progeny of engorged female ticks fed on calves inoculated with the pathogenic strain were able to transmit the infection to splenectomised calves (measured by the presence of the parasite in their blood and seroconversion), whereas the progeny of engorged females fed on calves inoculated with the vaccinal strain did not transmit the organisms. these res ... | 1993 | 8128578 |
| wildlife as hosts for ticks (acari) in antigua, west indies. | a survey was conducted to determine the status of wild mammals and birds as hosts for amblyomma variegatum (f.) and other tick species in antigua. surveys of wild mammals and birds were conducted periodically from september 1988 through may 1991. wild mammals surveyed included the small indian mongoose (herpestes auropunctatus hodgson), norway rat (rattus norvegicus berkenhout), and house mouse (mus musculus l.), but only mongooses were surveyed intensively. larvae and nymphs of a. variegatum, l ... | 1994 | 8158630 |
| some observations on mating and fertilization in the cattle tick boophilus microplus. | 1994 | 8161836 | |
| observations on cattle ticks in huila province (angola). | in huila province of angola, 3864 ticks were collected during a parasitological survey carried out in the rainy season from october 1990 to april 1991. the samples were collected from cattle gathered for the annual vaccination campaign against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, anthrax and blackleg in 18 veterinary stations of six municipalities. after tick classification, the following proportions of ticks were obtained: rhipicephalus evertsi mimeticus (27.1%), amblyomma pomposum (26.4%), booph ... | 1994 | 8171837 |
| immunity in vaccinated cattle exposed to experimental and natural infestations with boophilus microplus. | gut membranes of the cattle tick boophilus microplus were extracted using a low ionic strength buffer and the soluble antigens were used to vaccinate hereford cattle. following either experimental infestation with 40,000 larval ticks or exposure to field infestation, ticks from vaccinated cattle laid 54 and 75% fewer eggs, respectively, than ticks from control cattle. after cattle were given booster injections of vaccine, and either experimentally infested with 20,000 larval ticks or exposed to ... | 1993 | 8225775 |
| homology within the x chromosomes of boophilus microplus (canestrini) and b. annulatus (say). | chromosome banding patterns of the x chromosomes of boophilus annulatus (say) and b. microplus (canestrini) indicate considerable homology between the two species. all bands of the small x chromosome of b. microplus are represented in the large x chromosome of b. annulatus with the exception of one medially located dark band. a large region of material proximal to the centromere and a small segment located at the telomere of the large x chromosome of b. annulatus are not represented in the small ... | 2007 | 8228176 |