Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| ozone inactivation of cryptosporidium parvum in demand-free phosphate buffer determined by in vitro excystation and animal infectivity. | inactivation of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts by ozone was performed in ozone demand-free 0.05 m phosphate buffer (ph 6.9) in bench-scale batch reactors at 7 and 22 degrees c. ozone was added to each trial from a concentrated stock solution for contact times ranging from 5 to 15 min. the viability of the control and treated oocysts was determined by using in vitro excystation and infection in neonatal cd-1 mice. it was found that excystation consistently underestimated inactivation when compare ... | 1993 | 8285711 |
| detection of neospora caninum in tissue sections using a murine monoclonal antibody. | a murine monoclonal antibody (mab 6g7), isotype igg2a, produced against tachyzoites of neospora caninum (isolate nc-1) reacted specifically with tachyzoites of n. caninum in an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. mab 6g7 did not react with tachyzoites of toxoplasma gondii, sporozoites of isospora suis, eimeria bovis, or e. tenella, or merozoites of e. bovis in the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. mab 6g7 reacted positively with both tachyzoites and bradyzoites of n. caninum in an ... | 1993 | 8286458 |
| detection of cryptosporidium parvum using a specific polymerase chain reaction. | the design and use of polymerase chain reaction primers and probes as reagents for the detection of cryptosporidium parvum are described. sensitive and specific amplification of a 329 base pair product was demonstrated by ethidium bromide staining and hybridisation of radiolabelled probes. these reagents have the potential for application to diagnostic samples, environmental monitoring and epidemiological surveys. | 1993 | 8291195 |
| serum antibody response in lambs naturally and experimentally infected with cryptosporidium parvum. | the immunoglobulin (igg), igm and iga responses in castellana-manchega cross-bred colostrum-deprived and colostrum-fed lambs infected neonatally with cryptosporidium parvum were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. a comparison of oocyst shedding and anti-c. parvum serum igg levels in lambs suffering either natural or experimental infection was undertaken. effects on the oocyst shedding and igg levels of c. parvum rechallenge at 30 and 120 days of age in neonatally infected lambs ... | 1993 | 8291196 |
| [cryptosporidium parvum in patients with chronic diarrhea and aids: diagnosis by means of indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies]. | the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis is difficult when oocyst elimination is poor as occurs in aids patients. aiming to improve the diagnosis, 144 fecal samples coming from aids patients with diarrhea, were studied using indirect immunofluorescence with anti-cryptosporidium monoclonal antibodies. the results were compared with ziehl neelsen and safranine stainings. twenty three samples (15.9%) were positive for cryptosporidium with at least one of the three methods. sensitivities were 78.3% for im ... | 1993 | 8296101 |
| treatment of murine cryptosporidiosis with anticryptosporidial immune rat bile. | persistent cryptosporidiosis was established in nu/nu balb/c mice by oral inoculation with cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. the model was used to determine the impact of anticryptosporidial immune rat bile on the resolution of the disease. presence of c. parvum-specific iga in the immune rat bile was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. infection of mice was verified by stool analysis for oocytes and by hematoxylin and eosin-stained intestinal sections from control mice (infected but ... | 1994 | 8304566 |
| treatment of cryptosporidial diarrhea in an aids patient with paromomycin. | to report a case of diarrhea caused by cryptosporidium in an aids patients which was successfully treated with paromomycin. | 1993 | 8305777 |
| periparturient rise in the excretion of giardia sp. cysts and cryptosporidium parvum oocysts as a source of infection for lambs. | the possibility of a periparturient rise (ppr) in the excretion of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and giardia duodenalis-type cysts and its implications in the epidemiology of these 2 pathogens were investigated. fecal samples were taken from 32 lambing ewes every 2 wk from 4 wk before lambing until 8 wk after the start of lambing. samples from both ewes and lambs were examined with a quantitative immunofluorescence assay. excretion of giardia sp. cysts by ewes increased at 2 wk prepartum, peake ... | 1994 | 8308659 |
| household epidemiology of cryptosporidium parvum infection in an urban community in northeast brazil. | to examine the transmission of cryptosporidium infection in households with an identified person with cryptosporidiosis. | 1994 | 8311373 |
| cryptosporidium parvum: household transmission. | 1994 | 8311376 | |
| comparison of techniques for detecting antigens of giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium parvum in faeces. | to compare the use of commercial monoclonal antibody test systems--the giardia cel if test and the crypto cel if test--for the detection of giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium parvum antigens in faeces with conventional techniques. | 1993 | 8331181 |
| the immunosuppressive effects of dexamethasone administered in drinking water to c57bl/6n mice infected with cryptosporidium parvum. | the feasibility of immunosuppressing adult c57bl/6n mice by using dexamethasone in drinking water to sustain infections with cryptosporidium parvum was investigated. an ethanol-soluble formulation of dexamethasone (dex) was compared with a water-soluble (phosphated) formulation (dexp). dex or dexp was provided for mice ad libitum in drinking water at dosages of 10, 33, and 100 micrograms/ml. dex was also administered to mice by intraperitoneal injection at 125 micrograms/mouse/day. all mice were ... | 1993 | 8331488 |
| alcohol and murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome suppression of resistance to cryptosporidium parvum infection during modulation of cytokine production. | the effects of inoculation of lp-bm5 murine leukemia retrovirus and chronic ethanol (5% v/v) ingestion on immunomodulation and cryptosporidium parvum infection in c57bl/6 female mice were evaluated. the intestinal mucosae of retrovirally immunosuppressed animals were heavily colonized by cryptosporidium parasites, and oocysts shedding in the feces persisted throughout the duration of the study. mortality was exacerbated by murine retrovirus infection alone and exacerbated with concomitant chroni ... | 1993 | 8333581 |
| [carriers and excretors of protozoa]. | causative agents of intestinal infections in humans are about 10 pathogenic or facultative pathogenic species of protozoa of which giardia lamblia, entamoeba histolytica, cryptosporidium parvum and enterozytozoon bieneusi are discussed. g. lamblia from humans is morphologically indistinguishable from giardia isolates originating from several species of domestic and wild mammals. swiss giardia isolates of human, sheep, cattle and dog origin could be transmitted to giardia-free rodents and were ra ... | 1993 | 8333895 |
| gamma interferon functions in resistance to cryptosporidium parvum infection in severe combined immunodeficient mice. | severe combined immunodeficient (scid) adult mice are relatively resistant to cryptosporidium parvum infection, even though they are deficient in both t- and b-cell function. the requirement for gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) in this resistance was examined by treatment of these mice with monoclonal antibody to ifn-gamma. scid mice injected intraperitoneally with monoclonal anti-ifn-gamma 4 h before and three times weekly after challenge with c. parvum had heavy intestinal infections 3 weeks postc ... | 1993 | 8335387 |
| neutralisation of cryptosporidium parvum sporozoites by immunoglobulin and non-immunoglobulin components in serum. | sporozoites of cryptosporidium parvum were incubated in 1:10 dilutions of immune or non-immune, heat-inactivated lamb serum specimens or serum fractions. the infectivity of treated sporozoites was assessed by inoculating them, per rectum, into five-day-old rats followed by histological examination of their intestines at either three or five days after infection. the infectivity of sporozoites treated with heat-inactivated whole sera was greatly reduced. this neutralisation had both specific and ... | 1993 | 8337483 |
| induction of folds or sutures on the walls of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and their importance as a diagnostic feature. | the proportion of oocysts of cryptosporidium parvum showing a fold on oocyst walls when incubated with either fluorescent monoclonal antibody or a surface-reactive fluorescent dye was increased by incubating suspensions of oocysts with dimethyl sulfoxide, sucrose, or hanks' balanced salt solution. further incubation of sucrose-incubated oocysts with water showed this to be a reversible phenomenon. oocysts demonstrating this fold after incubation in dimethyl sulfoxide were of the same viability a ... | 1993 | 8368850 |
| proliferative responsiveness of lymphocytes from cryptosporidium parvum-exposed mice to two separate antigen fractions from oocysts. | we assessed lymphoproliferative responsiveness of lymphocytes from the spleen and lymph nodes of inbred neonatal swr/j h-2q mice at various times postinoculation (pi) using cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. the lymphocytes were cultured in vitro with a water-soluble (so) and a water-insoluble (in) antigen fraction. the in fraction was prepared by solubilizing particulates, the sediment obtained after centrifuging disrupted oocysts, in urea. both fractions were characterized using silver stain and ... | 1993 | 8372961 |
| characterization and immunolocalization of a cryptosporidium protein containing repeated amino acid motifs. | the oocyst wall is one of the components that permits cryptosporidia both to survive in the environment and to retain infectivity. with the aim of identifying cryptosporidium proteins specifically expressed at the oocyst stage, we screened lambda gt11 genomic libraries of cryptosporidium parvum with both an oocyst antiserum and a specific genetic probe. we isolated, from distinct libraries, two overlapping clones containing an open reading frame encoding a 1,252-amino-acid polypeptide. the analy ... | 1993 | 8388861 |
| glycoside antibiotics alone and combined with tetracyclines for prophylaxis of experimental cryptosporidiosis in neonatal balb/c mice. | glycoside antibiotics including the macrolide antibiotics azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin and the aminoglycoside paromomycin were administered alone or combined with doxycycline, minocycline, or tetracycline to neonatal balb/c mice experimentally infected with cryptosporidium parvum. glycosides at 100 or 200 mg/kg of body weight and tetracyclines at 50 mg/kg of body weight were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (dmso), which was then diluted with phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) and g ... | 1993 | 8392541 |
| advances in the diagnosis of some parasitic diseases by monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. | advances in diagnostic assays for parasitic diseases include the use of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) in antigen capture and competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (c-elisa). antigen capture elisas for anaplasma marginale and cryptosporidium parvum provide direct detection of these parasites during clinical disease, and the c-elisa format has been adapted for detection of anti-babesia equi, anti-a. marginale and anti-bluetongue virus antibodies. false-positive results may occur ... | 1993 | 8400383 |
| anti-cryptosporidium parvum antibodies inhibit infectivity in vitro and in vivo. | cryptosporidium parvum causes acute diarrhea in immunocompetent individuals and a severe life-threatening disease in immunocompromised individuals, including aids patients. no efficacious therapy for cryptosporidiosis has yet been reported. however, treatment of some patients with cryptosporidiosis with hyperimmune bovine colostrum has ameliorated or eliminated clinical symptoms. consequently, it is important to identify and characterize c. parvum antigens which are the targets of protective ant ... | 1993 | 8406795 |
| specific serum and local antibody responses against cryptosporidium parvum during medication of calves with halofuginone lactate. | fecal and serum anti-cryptosporidium parvum immunoglobulin a (iga), igm, and igg were monitored by an enzyme immunoassay in c. parvum-infected calves after medication with halofuginone lactate. in a first experiment, four groups of five 1-day-old colostrum-fed calves were inoculated with 10(6) oocysts of c. parvum. they were medicated with 0, 30, 60, or 120 micrograms of halofuginone lactate per kg from days 2 to 8 postinfection (p.i.). unmedicated calves passed large numbers of oocysts between ... | 1993 | 8406835 |
| microtubule inhibitors block cryptosporidium parvum infection of a human enterocyte cell line. | no effective therapy exists for cryptosporidium parvum, a coccidial protozoan parasite that causes severe diarrhea in patients with aids. the role of microtubules in parasite invasion of host cells was investigated by incubating 10(7) oocysts with a ht 29.74 cell line for 24 h in the presence of microtubule-disrupting drugs. the number of parasites per 1,000 cells was reduced by 77% (p < 0.001, n = 4) from 182 +/- 3 in untreated cells to 42 +/- 4 in cells treated with 10(-4) m colchicine. inhibi ... | 1993 | 8406890 |
| effect of orally administered monoclonal antibody on persistent cryptosporidium parvum infection in scid mice. | scid mice, persistently infected after exposure to 10(7) cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, were treated daily for 14 to 17 days with 0.4 mg of monoclonal antibody (mab) 17.41 administered by the oral route. mice receiving mab 17.41 shed significantly fewer (p < 0.005) c. parvum oocysts than scid mice receiving isotype control mab. intestinal (but not gastric) infectivity scores were also reduced for scid mice treated with mab 17.41 (p < 0.01). | 1993 | 8406894 |
| paromomycin is effective as prophylaxis for cryptosporidiosis in dairy calves. | of 16 experimentally infected neonatal dairy calves, 12 were fed paromomycin twice daily in their milk for 11 consecutive days beginning 1 day before oral inoculation with 1.5-2.0 x 10(6) oocysts of cryptosporidium parvum. four calves each in groups a, b, c, and d received total daily doses of 100, 50, 25, and 0 mg of paromomycin per kilogram of body weight, respectively. from birth until 28 days of age feces from each calf were examined for diarrhea, and oocysts were enumerated, rectal temperat ... | 1993 | 8410552 |
| [one more biological characteristic of coccidia in the genus cryptosporidium (sporozoa: apicocomplexa)]. | suckling rats were used as a model host for our previous em studies of the endogenous development of cryptosporidium parvum isolated from spontaneously infected calves (beĭer e. a., 1990; beĭer, sidorenko, 1990). in the course of repeated infections it was noticed that the oocysts discharged by the recipient host (rat) were obviously larger than those in the donor's (calf's) isolates. keeping in mind the presumable taxonomic significance of coccidian oocysts as a constant and rather reliable too ... | 1993 | 8414650 |
| isoenzyme variation within the genus cryptosporidium. | soluble extracts of the oocysts of cryptosporidium parvum had demonstrable, but low, activities of malate dehydrogenase (mdh, ec. 1.1.1.37), carboxylesterase (es, ec 3.1.1.1) and lactate dehydrogenase (ldh, ec. 1.1.1.27) following thin-layer starch-gel electrophoresis. much higher activities of glucose phosphate isomerase (gpi, ec. 5.3.1.9) and phosphoglucomutase (pgm, ec. 2.7.5.1) were found, and zymograms of these two enzymes were used to characterise isolates of c. parvum from human, bovine, ... | 1993 | 8415544 |
| intestinal protozoa infections. | this article reviews important intestinal protozoal infections in cats. among intestinal protozoa, giardia and coccidia are the most important infections. giardiasis is a common problem in catteries, especially where young kittens run free on the floor. overcrowding and high humidity favour the survival and transmission of giardia. diagnosis is made by fecal examination by direct or concentration methods. metronidazole is the drug of choice for treating giardiasis. among the coccidial parasites, ... | 1993 | 8421888 |
| effect of ultraviolet disinfection of drinking water on the viability of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. | demineralized water was enriched with a known number of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts obtained from fresh calf feces, which were purified and exposed to ultraviolet (uv) light (15,000 mw/sec) for different lengths of time. coccidium-free litters of cd-1 neonatal mice then were inoculated intragastrically with the treated water. seven days postinoculation mice were killed and c. parvum infection prevalence and intensity determined. in mice inoculated with c. parvum-enriched water that had been e ... | 1993 | 8437060 |
| assessment of candidate anticryptosporidial agents in an immunosuppressed rat model. | cryptosporidium parvum causes life-threatening diarrhea in immunocompromised patients, especially those with aids. the efficiency of currently proposed anticryptosporidial therapies is limited or doubtful. in this report, molecular candidates for curative or preventive activity were investigated in an immunocompromised rat model that mimics severe human cryptosporidiosis. no significant anticryptosporidial activity was observed when using sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, quinacrine, trimethoprim-sulfa ... | 1993 | 8440946 |
| the effect of halofuginone lactate on experimental cryptosporidium parvum infections in calves. | the chemoprophylactic effects of halofuginone lactate were tested against calf experimental cryptosporidiosis. twenty 2-day-old calves, divided into four groups, were orally inoculated with 1 x 10(6) oocysts of cryptosporidium parvum. the infected control group was unmedicated whereas the three other groups were medicated with the drug at 30, 60 and 120 micrograms kg-1 day-1, respectively, for 7 days, from day (d) 2 to d8 post-inoculation (d 0 was inoculation day). the calves were weighed twice ... | 1993 | 8447063 |
| ultrastructural study of cryptosporidium development in madin-darby canine kidney cells. | transmission electron microscope studies have been made into phases of the life cycle of a bovine isolate of cryptosporidium cultured in vitro on madin-darby canine kidney cells. the cytoplasm of parasitized cells was noticeably altered, including marked vacuolization and the appearance of membrane structures close to the developing parasites. these changes suggest that the protozoan may release cytopathogenic factors. | 1993 | 8447069 |
| cryptosporidium parvum: culture in mdck cells. | 1993 | 8454030 | |
| complete development of cryptosporidium parvum in a human endometrial carcinoma cell line. | sporozoites of cryptosporidium parvum, excysted from oocysts isolated from calves, were applied to monolayers of the human endometrial carcinoma cell line rl95-2. cells were grown as monolayers in 24-well plates at concentrations ranging from 5 x 10(4) to 1 x 10(5) rl95-2 cells per well. at 1 or 7 days postculturing, c. parvum sporozoites (ranging from 1 x 10(5) to 2 x 10(5) were added to the monolayers of rl95-2 cells. the cells were fixed and stained to estimate the extent of parasite coloniza ... | 1993 | 8454353 |
| cryptosporidium parvum infection after abrogation of natural killer cell activity in normal and severe combined immunodeficiency mice. | the role of natural killer (nk) cell activity in adult mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (scid mice) infected with cryptosporidium parvum oocytes was evaluated. adult balb/c and scid mice were inoculated intragastrically with 10(6) c. parvum oocysts after the administration of anti-asialo-gm1 or control normal rabbit serum. groups of animals were evaluated for splenic nk cell activity and examined histopathologically at 2, 4, and 6 wk postinfection. virtual elimination of splenic nk cel ... | 1993 | 8459345 |
| rapid differentiation of untreated, autoclaved and ozone-treated cryptosporidium parvum oocysts using dielectrophoresis. | a novel automated dielectrophoretic electrode apparatus and procedure was used to differentiate between untreated, autoclaved and ozone treated cryptosporidium parvum oocysts recovered from water. a freeze-frame video technique enabled images of oocysts to be captured when they collected at sites above and between the electrodes upon application of an electric field. the number of oocysts collecting could then be conveniently counted. varying the frequency of the applied electric field allowed t ... | 1993 | 8469175 |
| in vitro excystation of cryptosporidium parvum. | protocols for in vitro excystation of oocysts of cryptosporidium parvum, including different chemical pre-incubation steps, were compared to examine some of the biochemical triggers involved in excystation and to define an in vitro excystation protocol of a reproducibly high efficiency. pre-incubation steps which increased the permeability of the oocysts were found to enhance excystation dynamics and pre-treatment of oocysts with saliva was found to decrease the permeability and reduce excystati ... | 1993 | 8479797 |
| enhancement of resistance to cryptosporidium parvum by pooled bovine colostrum during murine retroviral infection. | the therapeutic efficacy of pooled bovine colostrum for the control of cryptosporidiosis was investigated during murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in female c57bl/6 mice. mice were infected with lp-bm5 murine leukemia retrovirus for four months and then inoculated with cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. persistent cryptosporidiosis was established in all retrovirus immunosuppressed mice, while control mice were refractory to infection. parasite colonization of intestinal villi was significa ... | 1993 | 8480860 |
| detection of oocysts and igg antibodies to cryptosporidium parvum in asymptomatic adult cattle. | infection by cryptosporidium was detected in 94 (71.75%) asymptomatic adult cattle from 131 fecal samples examined microscopically. in two cases cryptosporidium oocysts were observed which were distinctly larger (5.5-6.5 microns x 6.6-7.0 microns) than those we had seen in the majority of feces examined (4.0-4.5 microns x 4.0-4.5 microns) and these specimens were considered to be cryptosporidium muris; it is possible that the other oocysts should be considered as cryptosporidium parvum. the sero ... | 1993 | 8493772 |
| nonspecific immunomodulation influences the course and location of cryptosporidium parvum infection in neonatal balb/c mice. | the influence of nonspecific immunomodulation with thymomodulin (a calf thymic extract with immunomodulatory activity) and hydrocortisone on the course and location of cryptosporidium parvum infection in neonatal balb/c mice (infected with 10(6) or 10(5) oocysts on day 7 of life) was studied using scanning electron microscopy of the inner surface of different parts of intestine. daily peroral treatment of suckling mice with 20 mg/kg/day of thymomodulin for 5 days before inoculation resulted in a ... | 1993 | 8494297 |
| curative and preventive anticryptosporidium activities of sinefungin in an immunosuppressed adult rat model. | an immunosuppressed rat model was used to investigate the anti-cryptosporidium parvum activity of sinefungin. in infected animals, oral sinefungin therapy resulted in a dose-related suppression of oocyst shedding, which correlated with oocyst disappearance from ileal sections. when administered prior to or on the day of oocyst challenge, sinefungin successfully prevented infection. these data suggest that sinefungin could be considered as a candidate molecule in the treatment of human cryptospor ... | 1993 | 8494386 |
| interaction of lectins with cryptosporidium parvum. | cell surface carbohydrates from four clinical isolates of cryptosporidium parvum were analyzed by agglutination assays using a battery of 20 highly purified lectins with affinity for receptor molecules containing n-acetyl-d-glucosamine (glcnac), n-acetyl-d-galactosamine, galactose, mannose, glucose, fucose, and n-acetyl-neuraminic acid. tomentine, a lectin from the green seaweed codium tomentosum, and uea-ii lectin, from ulex europeus, both of them glcnac-specific lectins, agglutinated the oocys ... | 1993 | 8501345 |
| effects of dehydroepiandrosterone in immunosuppressed rats infected with cryptosporidium parvum. | cryptosporidium parvum is a coccidian parasite that causes diarrheal disease in animals and humans. severe cryptosporidial infections were noted in young adult rats immunosuppressed with the glucocorticosteroid dexamethasone (dex). b-cell and t-cell responses to the mitogens lipopolysaccharide and concanavalin a, respectively, were depressed in the dex-treated rats. in addition, dex treatment suppressed serum igg levels, in vitro igg production, and natural killer cell activities. previous resul ... | 1993 | 8501592 |
| [advances in the research of human cryptosporidosis in china]. | 1993 | 8504455 | |
| the microbial aetiology of summer paediatric gastroenteritis at ga-rankuwa hospital in south africa. | stool material from seventy-eight children below the age of three years was examined for the presence of various enteropathogens. the patients had been admitted to the ga-rankuwa hospital for rehydration therapy. a causative agent was identified in 76.9% of the cases studied. the most prevalent organisms identified were 38.5% entero-toxigenic escherichia coli (etec), 25.6% cryptosporidium parvum, 15.4% campylobacter sp., 14.1% enteric adenoviruses and 12.8% rotavirus. in 38.5% of cases, a mixed ... | 1993 | 8513746 |
| therapy with atovaquone for cryptosporidium parvum infection in neonatal severe combined immunodeficiency mice. | 1993 | 8515130 | |
| an outbreak of diarrhoea associated with atypical rotaviruses in goat kids. | the presence of rotaviruses was investigated in the faeces of 31 goat kids in a dairy herd that experienced an outbreak of severe diarrhoea which caused dehydration, anorexia and prostration in seven (22.6 per cent) of them. all the affected animals were two to three days old. a group a-specific elisa failed to detect rotaviruses in any of the samples but the characteristics electropherotype of group b rotaviruses was observed by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels in six of the animals. a hi ... | 1995 | 8525112 |
| [detection of fecal cryptosporidium parvum antigens using an elisa technique]. | elisa techniques using monoclonal antibodies have been recently developed for the detection of cryptosporidium parvum fecal antigens. the aim of this work was to compare the yield of these elisa techniques with ziehl-nielsen and safranin stains in formaldehyde-salt fixed samples. one hundred five fecal samples of patients with acute diarrhea were studied. forty-seven samples did not contain cryptosporidium and elisa was negative. also, elisa was positive in 52 or 58 samples that contained crypto ... | 1995 | 8525173 |
| [annual frequency of cryptosporidium parvum infections in children and adult outpatients, and adults infected by hiv]. | we report the analysis of 4892 parasitological stool samples coming from outpatients and patients of a nutritional recuperation center of north santiago. cryptosporidium parvum was detected in 21 samples (0.4%). the protozoan was detected in 6 of 1203 samples from children of less than 2 years old, 3 of 1.727 samples from children between 6 and 15 years, none of 776 samples from healthy adults and 2 of 13 samples from hiv infected patients. nine of 97 children of less than 2 years old, hospitali ... | 1995 | 8525193 |
| opportunistic and non-opportunistic parasites in hiv-positive and negative patients with diarrhoea in tanzania. | a survey on intestinal parasites in a rural area of tanzania revealed the presence of eight protozoa and seven helminths in 287 subjects (81.8%). the prevalence of entamoeba histolytica and ascaris lumbricoides was higher in hiv-negative than in hiv-positive patients (p < 0.01; p < 0.04) (25.1% and 12.5% for e. histolytica; 10.5% and 3.7% for a. lumbricoides). on the other hand, cryptosporidium parvum, isospora belli and strongyloides stercoralis prevalence was higher in hiv-positive than in hiv ... | 1995 | 8525281 |
| the influence of milk factors on the course of neonatal mouse crytosporidiosis--a preliminary report. | 1995 | 8525958 | |
| localization of actin and myosin in cryptosporidium parvum using immunogold staining. | the location of actin and myosin of the several stages of cryptosporidium parvum was observed. the tissue antigen of c. parvum was prepared through immunosuppression of icr mice with depomedrol. the thin sectioned specimens, which were incubated with the igg fraction of the rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against chicken back muscle actin and bovine uterus myosin, were treated with 10 nm gold-conjugated goat anti-rabbit igg. electrodense particles were located mainly on the pellicles of all ... | 1995 | 8528621 |
| enhanced karyotype resolution of cryptosporidium parvum by contour-clamped homogeneous electric fields. | previous karyotype analysis with contour-clamped homogeneous electric fields (chef) indicated that the cryptosporidium parvum karyotype comprises a minimum of five chromosomes all less than 1.6 mb in size. in this study we were able to improve the resolution of the karyotype using a modified chef gel electrophoretic procedure that allows for the routine identification of seven c. parvum chromosomes ranging in size from about 0.945 to 2.2 mb. our data also suggest that an eighth chromosome is pre ... | 1995 | 8533266 |
| attempts to protect severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice with antibody enriched for reactivity to cryptosporidium parvum surface antigen-1. | cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoal pathogen which infects the gastrointestinal epithelium of mammals causing diarrhoea, the duration and severity of which is determined by the immunocompetency of the host. currently, there is no effective treatment or prevention. we evaluated the ability of surface antigen-1 (sa-1), defined as those antigens recognized by neutralizing mab 17.41, to elicit a protective antibody response when used as an immunogen. a sa-1 enriched fraction was obtained by immuno ... | 1995 | 8533267 |
| detection of cryptosporidium oocysts in extra-intestinal tissues of sheep and pigs. | extra-intestinal infections by cryptosporidium parvum have been detected in pigs and sheep. detection was carried out by imprints of the mucosa of different organs and viscera in 55 sheep and 57 pigs slaughtered at three abattoirs in zaragoza (northeast spain). imprints were stained by using a modified ziehl-neelsen technique. in addition to intestinal infections, cryptosporidial oocysts were found in the gall-bladders of two pigs which were 2 months old, and in some organs of sheep aged 5 days ... | 1995 | 8533278 |
| effect of surface antigen-1 (sa-1) immune lymphocyte subsets and naive cell subsets in protecting scid mice from initial and persistent infection with cryptosporidium parvum. | we tested the hypothesis that adoptive transfer of immune spleen cell subsets from cryptosporidium parvum antigen immunized, immunocompetent balb/c mice would prevent initial infection or terminate persistent infection in severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice. cell donor mice were immunized with either solubilized c. parvum oocysts and sporozoites (positive control) or a surface antigen-1 (sa-1) enriched c. parvum antigen fraction. both groups of balb/c cell donor mice immunized with c. pa ... | 1995 | 8533299 |
| detection of viable cryptosporidium parvum oocysts by pcr. | pcr was used to detect and specifically identify a gene fragment from cryptosporidium parvum. an 873-bp region of a 2,359-bp dna fragment encoding a repetitive oocyst protein of c. parvum was shown to be specifically amplified in c. parvum. an excystation protocol before dna extraction allowed the differentiation between live and dead cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. | 1995 | 8534121 |
| cryptosporidium parvum: intensity of infection and oocyst excretion patterns in healthy volunteers. | data about human cryptosporidium parvum infection have originated from travelers, community and day care center outbreaks, and persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. in addition, experimental infection in 29 antibody-negative, healthy, adult volunteers generated information on the dose-infection response of c. parvum (iowa strain). in that report, low inocula were sufficient to cause infection in 18 and illness in 7 persons. to further define the duration and intensity of infect ... | 1996 | 8537664 |
| a metallo-dependent cysteine proteinase of cryptosporidium parvum associated with the surface of sporozoites. | a proteinase of 24 kd was found associated with sporozoites of cryptosporidium parvum. optimal hydrolysis of azocasein, casein, bovine serum albumin, and gelatin occurred at a ph of 6.5-7.0. activity against azocasein was inhibited by ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid (edta), iodoacetic acid (iaa), trans-epoxysuccinyl-l-leucylamido(4-guanido) butane (e-64), and phosphoramidon, suggesting that the enzyme was a metallo-dependent cysteine proteinase. both serine and aspartate protease inhibitors fail ... | 1995 | 8538493 |
| evaluation of high-dose regimen of paromomycin against cryptosporidiosis in the dexamethasone-treated rat model. | in the dexamethasone-treated rat model of cryptosporidiosis, paromomycin was effective at a dosage of 50 mg/kg/day or more for ileal infection and 200 mg/kg/day or more for cecal infection. at 1 and 3 weeks after treatment, a persistent infection was demonstrated in all rats. these results confirm the anticryptosporidial activity of paromomycin and underscore the limitations of this compound because of its potential toxicity at such high dosages and its inability to eradicate the infection. | 1995 | 8540737 |
| identification of opossums (didelphis virginiana) as the putative definitive host of sarcocystis neurona. | sarcocystis neurona is an apicomplexan that causes equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (epm) in north and south america. horses appear to be an aberrant host, because the merozoites continually divide in the central nervous system, without encysting. the natural host species has not previously been identified. the small subunit ribosomal rna (ssurna) gene of s. neurona was compared to those of sarcocystis muris, sarcocystis cruzi, toxoplasma gondii, and cryptosporidium parvum to identify a unique ... | 1995 | 8544064 |
| cryptosporidiosis: sources of infection and guidelines for prevention. | cryptosporidium parvum is an important emerging pathogen in the united states and a cause of severe, life-threatening disease in patients with aids. no safe and effective form of specific treatment for cryptosporidiosis has been identified to date. the parasite is transmitted by ingestion of oocysts excreted in the feces of infected humans or animals. the infection can therefore be transmitted from person to person through ingestion of contaminated water (drinking water and water used for recrea ... | 1995 | 8547513 |
| understanding intestinal spore-forming protozoa: cryptosporidia, microsporidia, isospora, and cyclospora. | to summarize recent information about the "new" gastrointestinal protozoal pathogens (cryptosporidia, microsporidia, isospora, and cyclospora) and to help practicing clinicians integrate this information into their clinical databases by emphasizing the similarities among these organisms. | 1996 | 8554253 |
| evaluation of an animal model system for cryptosporidiosis: therapeutic efficacy of paromomycin and hyperimmune bovine colostrum-immunoglobulin. | several immunodeficient rodent models currently exist in which persistent, largely asymptomatic, cryptosporidium parvum infections can be established. piglets, in contrast, develop a self-limiting diarrheal illness. we have consequently developed an animal model system in which scid mice were used to screen drugs for inhibitory activity against c. parvum, after which the drugs' therapeutic potential was evaluated with piglets. paromomycin and hyperimmune bovine colostrum-immunoglobulin were sele ... | 1994 | 8556484 |
| an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with a resort swimming pool. | an outbreak of cyptosporidiosis occurred in late april 1993 among resort hotel guests which was temporally associated with, but geographically distant from, a massive waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in milwaukee, wisconsin, that occurred in late march and early april of 1993. a case-control study was performed among groups with members who reported illness and among a systemic sample of groups who stayed at the resort hotel during the risk period. of 120 persons interviewed, 51 (43%) me ... | 1995 | 8557087 |
| complete development of cryptosporidium parvum in bovine fallopian tube epithelial cells. | cryptosporidium parvum is a coccidian parasite responsible for causing protracted and life-threatening diarrheal illness in immunocompromised humans, especially patients with aids. the lack of medications effective in treating people suffering from cryptosporidiosis has prompted the development of in vivo and in vitro models for this disease. this study is the first to demonstrate that c. parvum can complete its entire life cycle (from sporozoite to infective oocyst) in a primary culture of bovi ... | 1996 | 8557363 |
| effect of three concentration techniques on viability of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts recovered from bovine feces. | bovine fecal samples (1 g) negative for cryptosporidium sp. oocysts were seeded with 7 x 10(4) cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and purified by either water-ether concentration, sucrose density flotation, or zinc sulfate flotation to evaluate oocyst recovery. the effect of these purification techniques on the viability of recovered oocysts was also evaluated. significantly higher numbers of seeded oocysts were recovered by water-ether concentration (recovery rate, 46 to 75%) than by sucrose densit ... | 1995 | 8567888 |
| endoscopically assisted diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in two immunocompetent children. | 1995 | 8583304 | |
| intestinal opportunistic parasites among different groups of immunocompromised hosts. | the present study was designed to find out the prevalence of different intestinal opportunistic parasites in different groups of immunocompromised hosts; patients suffering from malignancy with or without immuno-suppressive drugs, or with chronic renal failure, or diabetes mellitus, or subjects under cortisone therapy. examination of stool samples collected from 427 immunocompromised hosts revealed the detection of intestinal opportunistic parasites in 98 samples, with a prevalence of 23%. infec ... | 1995 | 8586866 |
| identification of genetic heterogeneity in the cryptosporidium parvum ribosomal repeat. | oocysts of the protozoan parasite cryptosporidium parvum are found in most surface waters and can contaminate municipal water supplies, as demonstrated by recent outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis. a method capable of fingerprinting c. parvum isolates from the environment would facilitate the study of epidemiology and transmission cycles and aid in the implementation of preventive measures to reduce water contamination by oocytes. in this study, we report polymorphism in c. parvum isolates on the ba ... | 1996 | 8593074 |
| comparison of assays for cryptosporidium parvum oocysts viability after chemical disinfection. | in vitro excystation, vital dyes (4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (dapi) and propidium iodide (pi), and infectivity in neonatal cd-1 mice were used to assess the viability of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts after chemical disinfection. in vitro excystation and dapi/pi staining provided similar estimates of viability in bench-scale experiments, but both of these methods significantly overestimated the viability when compared with infectivity (pr < or = 0.01). infectivity was the most reliable measu ... | 1996 | 8595856 |
| il-12 protects immunocompetent and immunodeficient neonatal mice against infection with cryptosporidium parvum. | the protozoan parasite cryptosporidium parvum (cp) causes diarrhea that can be acutely severe in immunocompetent persons and can become chronic and life-threatening in immunocompromised individuals. because studies in mice have implicated ifn-gamma in protection against this parasite, and il-12 can induce ifn-gamma production, we examined the ability of il-12 to prevent or cure cp infection in neonatal balb/c and scid mice. treatment of both immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice with il-12 be ... | 1996 | 8598471 |
| surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks--united states, 1993-1994. | since 1971, cdc and the u.s. environmental protection agency have maintained a collaborative surveillance system for collecting and periodically reporting data that relate to occurrences and causes of waterborne-disease outbreaks (wbdos). | 1996 | 8600346 |
| evaluation of commercial enzyme immunoassay (eia) and immunofluorescent antibody (fa) test kits for detection of cryptosporidium oocysts of species other than cryptosporidium parvum. | a commercial enzyme immunoassay (eia) (prospect rapid assay), a direct immunofluorescence antibody (ifa) test for stool testing (merifluor cryptosporidium/giardia), and an indirect ifa test for environmental testing (hydrofluor-combo cryptosporidium/giardia) were evaluated for detection of low public health risk cryptosporidium oocyst isolates, and for c. parvum oocyst isolates from human and bovine feces that represent a high public health risk. there was no cross-reactivity of eia with ova of ... | 1996 | 8600765 |
| cryptosporidiosis: an outbreak associated with drinking water despite state-of-the-art water treatment. | to determine the magnitude and source of an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and to determine whether the outbreak extended into the immunocompetent population. | 1996 | 8602703 |
| development of cellular immune functions in neonatal to weanling mice: relationship to cryptosporidium parvum infection. | lymphocyte phenotypes and cellular immune responses (blastogenesis and production of cytokines) to cryptosporidium parvum were determined for spleen cells taken from balb/c mice. these parameters were measured in mice at 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk of age, either exposed or not exposed to c. parvum in vivo. the percentage of t cells and the t-helper subset increased from weeks 2 to 4; b cells reached a peak percentage at 2 wk. blastogenic responses were elevated at 1 wk and declined to a low level during ... | 1996 | 8604091 |
| self-limited traveller's diarrhea due to a dual infection with enterocytozoon bieneusi and cryptosporidium parvum in an immunocompetent hiv-negative child. | 1995 | 8605909 | |
| cryptosporidium parvum infection in t-cell receptor (tcr)-alpha- and tcr-delta-deficient mice. | mice deficient in either alpha beta or gamma delta t cells were more susceptible to infection with the protozoan parasite cryptosporidium parvum than were control mice. both neonatal and adult alpha beta-t-cell-deficient mice developed chronic infection. gamma delta-t-cell-deficient neonatal mice were more susceptible than control mice but were able to clear the infection. adult gamma delta-t-cell-deficient mice were not susceptible to infection. these data indicate that alpha beta t cells are i ... | 1996 | 8613403 |
| outbreak of cryptosporidiosis at a day camp--florida, july-august 1995. | on july 27, 1995, the alachua county public health unit (acphu) in central florida was notified of an outbreak of gastroenteritis among children and counselors at a day camp on the grounds of a public elementary school. this report summarizes the outbreak investigation, which implicated cryptosporidium parvum as the causative agent and underscores the role of contaminated water as a vehicle for transmission of this organism. | 1996 | 8618545 |
| effect of diethyldithiocarbamate on cryptosporidium parvum infection in immunosuppressed rats. | diethyldithiocarbamate was the only immune modulator of 7 evaluated to show activity against cryptosporidium parvum in immunosuppressed rats. the model was then used to assess the drug's activity further. when administered prophylactically, oral doses > or = 75 mg/kg/day significantly (p < or = 0.05) reduced the severity of ileal infection and doses > or = 300 mg/kg/day significantly (p < or = 0.05) inhibited infection of the biliary tract. when administered to rats with established infection, t ... | 1996 | 8627487 |
| the putative acetyl-coa synthetase gene of cryptosporidium parvum and a new conserved protein motif in acetyl-coa synthetases. | we determined the nucleotide (nt) sequence of the putative gene encoding acetyl-coenzyme a synthetase (acs) from the parasitic protozoan cryptosporidium parvum. the gene is single copy, located on a chromosome of approximately 1.08 mb, and has no introns. the gene is characterized by low codon usage bias and encodes a 694-amino acid (aa) protein with a predicted molecular size of 78 kda, similar to other acss from different prokaryotic and eukaryotic species. comparison of multiple protein align ... | 1996 | 8636846 |
| interaction of the human serine protease inhibitor alpha-1-antitrypsin with cryptosporidium parvum. | the protozoan parasite cryptosporidium parvum was studied for interaction with a human serine protease inhibitor (serpin), alpha-1-antitrypsin (aat). a c. parvum homogenate (cph) prepared from oocysts was incubated with purified human aat and complexes formed between the serpin and cph were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the optical density read at 450 nm of aat:cph reactivity was significantly increased (p < 0.001) relative to cph in the absence of aat treatment. a ... | 1996 | 8636860 |
| differentiation of cryptosporidium parvum, c. muris, and c. baileyi by pcr-rflp analysis of the 18s rrna gene. | we have developed a combined polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) assay for the detection and differentiation of cryptosporidium parvum, cryptosporidium muris, and cryptosporidium baileyi. the assay utilizes pcr to amplify an approximately 1750 basepair product of the cryptosporidium 18s rrna gene. following double digestion with restriction endonucleases dral and vsp1, this pcr product yields dna fragments that can be resolved electrophoretically into ... | 1996 | 8638381 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. outbreak of cryptosporidiosis at a day camp--florida, july-august 1995. | 1996 | 8642710 | |
| cryptosporidium parvum oocyst antigens recognized by sera from infected asymptomatic adult cattle. | gel electrophoresis and western blotting were used to investigate the recognition of cryptosporidium parvum oocyst antigens by sera from asymptomatic c. parvum-seropositive cattle with or without coccidian oocysts in their faeces (c. parvum or/and eimeria spp.). most sera from coprologically c. parvum-positive animals (71%) recognized fractions in the 17-20 kda range; these fractions were not recognized by sera from coprologically negative animals. in addition, most sera with antibodies to c. pa ... | 1995 | 8644454 |
| patterns of cryptosporidium antigen and oocyst excretion in calves studied by reverse passive haemagglutination and light microscopy. | a reverse passive haemagglutination (rph) assay incorporating a monoclonal antibody against cryptosporidium parvum oocysts was used to follow cryptosporidium coproantigen excretion by calves. rph detected soluble antigen that passed 0.22 micron filters. non-specific reactions that occurred in some samples were markedly reduced by heat treatment of the faecal specimens and were abolished by filtration after heat treatment. results were compared with oocyst counts performed by microscopy of modifi ... | 1995 | 8644461 |
| intestinal protozoa. | giardia is the best known cause of protozoal gastrointestinal disease in north america, producing significant but not life-threatening gastrointestinal distress and diarrhea. although diagnosis of giardiasis may be challenging, treatment is usually successful. entamoeba histolytica poses a rarer but far more difficult clinical challenge. dysentery caused by e. histolytica may be the most feared intestinal protozoal infection, although cryptosporidium parvum, balantidium coli, isospora belli, sar ... | 1996 | 8644565 |
| human cryptosporidiosis. | cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan which can cause severe debilitating disease in immunocompromised individuals. animal models have shown that cellular immunity is the most important factor against the development of the disease. individuals with a humoral immune deficiency are also at risk. in hiv-infected patients there is a clear relationship between disease severity and cd4 cell counts. insight into the pathogenesis and development of new agents is hampered by the lack of an in vitro cult ... | 1996 | 8652725 |
| effect of interferon-gamma in experimental cryptosporidium parvum infection. | the activity of recombinant murine interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) against infection by cryptosporidium parvum was evaluated in immunosuppressed rats. daily intraperitoneal doses of at least 125,000 u/kg significantly (p < .05) reduced the intensity of subsequent ileal infection. in addition, daily administration of 500,000 u/kg significantly (p < .05) inhibited colonization of the biliary tract. when administered for 11 days to rats with established c. parvum infection, ifn-gamma significantly (p ... | 1996 | 8656002 |
| [external quality control of the parasitological diagnosis of cryptosporidium parvum]. | between 1991 and 1994, eight external quality assessments of cryptosporidium parvum infection diagnosis were performed. stool specimens were sent to 74 laboratories, to be stained and examined. in 40 laboratories (54.1%), the diagnosis was correct in all evaluations, whereas in 34 (46%), the diagnosis disagreed with the parasitology reference laboratory in one occasion or more. the mean correlation of diagnoses with the reference laboratory was 88% (range 79-96%). ninety-three percent of negativ ... | 1995 | 8657969 |
| [cellular interactions in the intracellular parasitism of cryptosporidia. i. the effect of cryptosporidium parvum on the phosphatase activity in the small intestine enterocytes of experimentally infected newborn rat pups]. | cytochemical methods for detection of non-specific phosphatases were employed at the light microscope level for identification of enzymatic activity in the small intestine of new-born rats (6--11 days old), both infected and non-infected with the intestinal coccidium cryptosporidium parvum. in the new-born rats, the level of alkaline and especially acid phosphatase is originally very low, suggesting their insignificant involvement in digestion processes in suckling animals compared to rats of ol ... | 1995 | 8669134 |
| serologic responses of cattle and other animals infected with neospora caninum. | to examine cross-reactivity among neospora caninum and closely-related apicomplexans. | 1996 | 8669764 |
| efficacy of serine protease inhibitors against cryptosporidium parvum infection in a bovine fallopian tube epithelial cell culture system. | the anticryptosporidial potential of the protease inhibitors alpha-1-antitrypsin (aat), antipain, aprotinin, leupeptin, methoxysuccinyl-ala-ala-pro-valine chloromethylketone (maapvck), soybean trypsin inhibitor (sbti), and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (pmsf) was evaluated in a bovine fallopian tube epithelial (bfte) cell culture system. protease inhibitor concentrations of 5, 10, 50, 100, and 500 micrograms/ ml (pmsf at 1, 2, and 3 mm) in rpmi medium were mixed with cryptosporidium parvum oocys ... | 1996 | 8691375 |
| the spectrum of hiv infection in patients seen at a private hospital in mexico city: 115 patients seen from 1984 to 1990. | the objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology and clinical presentation of hiv infection among upper middle class patients in mexico city. a retrospective review of outpatient and hospital records of all hiv-infected patients was accomplished by one of the authors between 1984 and 1990. a total of 115 patients were seen during the study period, 109 men and 6 women. one hundred and seven patients acquired hiv infection through sexual contact, six patients had hiv infection associat ... | 1996 | 8696065 |
| effect of pasteurization on infectivity of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in water and milk. | cryptosporidium parvum is a major cause of diarrheal disease in humans and has been identified in 78 other species of mammals. the oocyst stage, excreted in feces of infected humans and animals, has been responsible for recent waterborne outbreaks of human cryptosporidiosis. high temperature and long exposure time have been shown to render oocysts (suspended in water) noninfectious, but for practical purposes, it is important to know if high-temperature--short-time conditions (71.7 degrees c for ... | 1996 | 8702279 |
| serum and colostrum antibody responses induced by jet-injection of sheep with dna encoding a cryptosporidium parvum antigen. | in an effort to generate high titer colostrum for immunotherapy of cryptosporidiosis, a study was conducted to test the efficacy of immunizing sheep with recombinant plasmid dna (pcmv-cp15/60) encoding epitopes of 15 and 60 kda surface antigens of cryptosporidium parvum sporozoites. the plasmid dna was used to immunize preparturient ewes at three dose levels by jet-injection into either hind limb muscle (im) or mammary tissue (imam). regardless of route of injection, a dose-dependent anti-cp15/6 ... | 1995 | 8719516 |
| influence of hydrogen peroxide on acid-fast staining of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. | infections by the protozoan parasite cryptosporidium parvum are routinely diagnosed by modified ziehl-neelsen (acid-fast) staining of faecal preparations despite the counterstaining and ghost-like appearance of some oocysts. quantitative studies demonstrated that only a small percentage of oocysts excreted by naturally infected newborn calves displayed acid-fast characteristics, but that percentage increased when the time between excretion and sample staining was increased. the treatment of faec ... | 1995 | 8719960 |
| [spectrum of species and incidence of endoparasites in foals and their mother mares from breeding farms with and without anthelmintic prophylaxis in upper bavaria]. | in this epidemiological study 37 foals and mares were included, which have been coproscopically examined in regular intervals over a period lasting up to 13 months. the animals derived from nine breeding farms. in three of these farms no anthelmintics were used before this investigation, whereas in six farms at least three years before regular prophylactic treatments with anthelmintics have been carried out. this investigation revealed no differences in the species spectrum of endoparasites as w ... | 1996 | 8720956 |
| severe, protracted intestinal cryptosporidiosis associated with interferon gamma deficiency: pediatric case report. | we describe a human immunodeficiency virus-negative infant with chronic intractable diarrhea due to cryptosporidium parvum; he had a history of significant weight loss since the second week of life. a preliminary study of his immune function was negative for primary immunodeficiency. to further study his immune function, proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) was elicited by crude antigenic extract from c. parvum oocysts (cce). supernatants of cce-stimulated pbmcs contained ... | 1996 | 8722945 |