Publications

synthesis, absolute configuration and biological activities of both enantiomers of 2-(5,7-dichloro-3-indolyl)propionic acid: a novel dichloroindole auxin and antiauxin.	racemic 2-(5,7-dichloro-3-indolyl)propionic acid (5,7-cl(2)-2-ipa) was synthesized from 5,7-dichloroindole-3-acetic acid by successive esterification, methoxycarbonylation, methylation, and double hydrolysis. the racemate was converted to diastereomeric esters of l-menthol; these were separated by recycling hplc into two optically active diastereomers that were then hydrolyzed with p-tsoh to two optically active enantiomers of 5,7-cl(2)-2-ipa. the absolute configurations of both these enantiomer ...	2004	15215593
specific detection of fusarium langsethiae and related species by dgge and arms-pcr of a beta-tubulin (tub1) gene fragment.	fusarium langsethiae was recently described as a new toxigenic fusarium species, which morphologically resembles fusarium poae, but exhibits a mycotoxin pattern related to fusarium sporotrichioides. to develop tools for early and specific detection of f. langsethiae and distinguishing it from related species of section sporotrichiella and discolor (f. poae, f. sporotrichioides, fusarium kyushuense, fusarium robustum, fusarium sambucinum and fusarium tumidum) sequence variations in their beta-tub ...	2004	15337597
on the reaction mechanism of adduct formation in lov domains of the plant blue-light receptor phototropin.	the blue-light sensitive photoreceptor, phototropin, is a flavoprotein which regulates the phototropism response of higher plants. the photoinduced triplet state and the photoreactivity of the flavin-mononucleotide (fmn) cofactor in two lov domains of avena sativa, adiantum capillus-veneris, and chlamydomonas reinhardtii phototropin have been studied by time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) and uv-vis spectroscopy at low temperatures (t < or = 80 k). differences in the electronic s ...	2004	15339193
phytochrome phosphorylation modulates light signaling by influencing the protein-protein interaction.	plant photoreceptor phytochromes are phosphoproteins, but the question as to the functional role of phytochrome phosphorylation has remained to be elucidated. we investigated the functional role of phytochrome phosphorylation in plant light signaling using a pfr-specific phosphorylation site mutant, ser598ala of oat (avena sativa) phytochrome a (phya). the transgenic arabidopsis thaliana (phya-201 background) plants with this mutant phya showed hypersensitivity to light, suggesting that phytochr ...	2004	15377754
transformation of fulvic substances in the rhizosphere during phytoremediation of used motor oil.	changes in the chemical composition of fulvic acids in used oil-contaminated soils treated with different plant species and fertilization (fertilized, f; and nonfertilized, nf) were analyzed by fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (ftir). soil contaminated with 1.5% (w/w) used motor oil was seeded with sunflower (helianthus annuus)/indian mustard (brassica juncea); soybean (glycine max)/green bean (phaseolus vulgaris); mixed grasses/maize (zea mays); mixed clover (red clover, trifolium prat ...	2004	15478929
oat (avena sativa l.) and amaranth (amaranthus hypochondriacus) meals positively affect plasma lipid profile in rats fed cholesterol-containing diets.	cereals are an important part of diets for hypercholesterolemic patients. however, some of these patients are allergic to these natural products. the purpose of the current study was to compare oatmeal with equal in nutritional values two allergy-free amaranth meals to determine whether this pseudocereal can be a substitute for allergic to cereals individuals. the total phenols of the samples were determined with the folin-chocalteu reagent, anthocyanins, and flavonoids spectrophotometrically. t ...	2004	15542354
disruption of the lov-jalpha helix interaction activates phototropin kinase activity.	light plays a crucial role in activating phototropins, a class of plant photoreceptors that are sensitive to blue and uv-a wavelengths. previous studies indicated that phototropin uses a bound flavin mononucleotide (fmn) within its light-oxygen-voltage (lov) domain to generate a protein-flavin covalent bond under illumination. in the c-terminal lov2 domain of avena sativa phototropin 1, formation of this bond triggers a conformational change that results in unfolding of a helix external to this ...	2004	15610012
transmission of maize chromosome 9 rearrangements in oat-maize radiation hybrids.	oat-maize radiation hybrids are oat (avena sativa l.) plants carrying radiation-induced subchromosome fragments of a given maize (zea mays l.) chromosome. since first-generation radiation hybrids contain various maize chromosome rearrangements in a hemizygous condition, variation might be expected in the transmission of these rearrangements to subsequent generations. the transmission and integrity of maize chromosome 9 rearrangements were evaluated in progenies of 30 oat-maize radiation hybrids ...	2004	15644979
chromophore exchange in the lov2 domain of the plant photoreceptor phototropin1 from oat.	phototropins are a family of plant photoreceptors mediating blue light responses such as phototropism, leaf expansion, chloroplast relocation, and stomatal opening. characteristic for phototropins are two lov domains which, when expressed in heterologous systems, each carry a single flavin mononucleotide (fmn) chromophore. here we describe removal of fmn from the lov2 domain of avena sativa using a hydrophobic matrix and successful incorporation of flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad), riboflavin, ...	2005	15723549
flavonolignans from avena sativa.	three flavonolignans derived from the flavone tricin were isolated from avena sativa herb. this is the first report of the presence of flavonolignans in a. sativa. in the known compounds 1a and 1b, a coniferyl alcohol moiety is linked to the flavone by an ether bond; in the new natural product 2, it is linked by c-c bonds. structure elucidation of compound 2 was performed by 1d and 2d nmr experiments, and the absolute configuration was determined from circular dichroic data.	2005	15730266
chromosomal rearrangements differentiating the ryegrass genome from the triticeae, oat, and rice genomes using common heterologous rflp probes.	an restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp)-based genetic map of ryegrass (lolium) was constructed for comparative mapping with other poaceae species using heterologous anchor probes. the genetic map contained 120 rflp markers from cdna clones of barley (hordeum vulgare l.), oat (avena sativa l.), and rice (oryza sativa l.), covering 664 cm on seven linkage groups (lgs). the genome comparisons of ryegrass relative to the triticeae, oat, and rice extended the syntenic relationships among t ...	2005	15742203
competitive interactions among four pest species of earth mites (acari: penthaleidae).	earth mites are major winter pests of a variety of crops and pastures in southern australia. competition between four earth mite species was investigated using field and shadehouse experiments. the influence of different plant hosts on the frequency and intensity of competitive interactions also were examined. this information is important, because control attempts that eradicate one species of mite could be directly followed by an increase in abundance of another earth mite species. there were ...	2005	15889718
a microcosm approach to assessing the effects of earthworm inoculation and oat cover cropping on co2 fluxes and biological properties in an amended semiarid soil.	we designed a microcosm experiment to assess the influence of inoculation with eisenia foetida earthworms and the establishment of an avena sativa cover crop on biological (enzyme activities and labile carbon fractions) soil quality indicators in a soil treated with a composted organic residue, and to determine the contribution of these treatments to carbon dioxide emissions from the soil to the atmosphere of the microcosm. the microcosms were incubated for 53 days under 28 degrees c/18 degrees ...	2005	15894048
carbohydrate concentrations in crown fractions from winter oat during hardening at sub-zero temperatures.	contradictory results in correlation studies of plant carbohydrates with freezing tolerance may be because whole crown tissue is analysed for carbohydrates while differences exist in the survival of specific tissue within the crown. the aim of this study was to see if carbohydrate changes in tissue within oat crowns during second phase hardening (sub-zero hardening) are tissue specific.	2005	15894549
quantitative trait loci for partial resistance to crown rust, puccinia coronata, in cultivated oat, avena sativa l.	to facilitate the detection of quantitative trait loci (qtls) for partial resistance to oat crown rust, puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae eriks., a genetic map was generated in a population of 158 f(6)-derived oat recombinant inbred lines from a cross of a partial resistance line mn841801-1 by a susceptible cultivar selection 'noble-2'. the map, developed using 230 marker loci, mostly restriction fragment length polymorphism and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers, spanned 1,509 cm (hal ...	2005	15918009
phosphate-limited oat. the plasma membrane and the tonoplast as major targets for phospholipid-to-glycolipid replacement and stimulation of phospholipases in the plasma membrane.	we recently reported that cultivation of oat (avena sativa l.) without phosphate resulted in plasma membrane phosphoglycerolipids being replaced to a large extent by digalactosyldiacylglycerol (dgdg) (andersson, m. x., stridh, m. h., larsson, k. e., liljenberg, c., and sandelius, a. s. (2003) febs lett. 537, 128-132). we report here that dgdg is not the only non-phosphorous-containing lipid that replaces phospholipids but that also the content of glucosylceramides and sterolglycosides increased ...	2005	15927962
patterns of aflp variation in a core subset of cultivated hexaploid oat germplasm.	many core collections have been developed from large collections of crop germplasm, but most of these have not been characterized, particularly using molecular techniques, for germplasm management and utilization. we have attempted to characterize a structured sample representing a world collection of 11,622 cultivated hexaploid oat accessions in the hope of understanding the genetic structure of the world collection. the amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) technique was applied to scr ...	2005	15940508
cadmium phytotoxicity: quantitative sensitivity relationships between classical endpoints and antioxidative enzyme biomarkers.	in this work, cadmium phytotoxicity and quantitative sensitivity relationships between different hierarchical endpoints in plants cultivated in a contaminated soil were studied. thus, germination rate, biomass growth and antioxidative enzyme activity (i.e. superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and glutathione reductase) in three terrestrial plants (avena sativa l., brassica campestris l. cv. chinensis, lactuca sativa l. cv. hanson) were analyzed. plant growth tests were carried out accordin ...	2006	15982719
phenolic compounds in oat grains (avena sativa l.) grown in conventional and organic systems.	the concentrations of avenanthramides (avas), hydroxycinnamic acids (hcas), a sucrose-linked truxinic acid (tase), and certain agronomic parameters were analyzed in organically and conventionally grown oats. three cultivars of oats (i.e. freja, sang, and matilda) were grown according to standards for both conventional and organic farming in sweden, from 1998 to 2000. two levels of nitrogen (n) and three replicates were included. overall, there were significant differences between years, cultivar ...	2005	16092265
ecotoxicity of sodium fluoroacetate (compound 1080) to soil organisms.	sodium fluoroacetate (compound 1080) is applied as a vertebrate pesticide in new zealand for control of introduced mammalian pests. despite its widespread use, little is known about the soil ecotoxicity of 1080. therefore, the hazard of 1080 to soil invertebrates, plants, and soil microorganisms was evaluated in a series of controlled laboratory tests. no earthworm (eisenia fetida) mortality was reported with 1080 exposures up to 865 mg/kg soil. the lowest-observable-effect concentration and the ...	2005	16111002
generation and analysis of 9792 est sequences from cold acclimated oat, avena sativa.	oat is an important crop in north america and northern europe. in scandinavia, yields are limited by the fact that oat cannot be used as a winter crop. in order to develop such a crop, more knowledge about mechanisms of cold tolerance in oat is required.	2005	16137325
avenanthramide, a polyphenol from oats, inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and enhances nitric oxide production.	the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (smc) and impaired nitric oxide (no) production are both crucial pathophysiological processes in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. epidemiological data have indicated that diets rich in whole grain foods are associated with a reduced risk of developing atherosclerosis. avenanthramides are polyphenols found exclusively in oats (avena sativa l.). the present study was conducted to examine the effect of synthetically prepared avenan ...	2006	16139284
wheat cultivar-specific proteins in grain revealed by 2-de and their application to cultivar identification of flour.	wheat flour proteins were studied to identify the cultivar-specific proteins and use them to identify cultivars in flours. proteins extracted from flours of japanese wheat (cultivars hokushin, horoshirikomugi, kitanokaori and kachikei 33) and canadian wheat (canada western red spring wheat no. 1; 1cw) were analyzed by 2-de with ief gels over three ph ranges: ph 4-7, ph 5-8, and ph 6-11. this system enabled detection of more than 1600 protein spots. we recognized that among 50 protein spots showi ...	2005	16152659
contents of phenolic acids, alkyl- and alkenylresorcinols, and avenanthramides in commercial grain products.	the contents of free and total phenolic acids and alk(en)ylresorcinols were analyzed in commercial products of eight grains: oat (avena sativa), wheat (triticum spp.), rye (secale cerale), barley (hordeum vulgare), buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum), millet (panicum miliaceum), rice (oryza sativa), and corn (zea mays). avenanthramides were determined in three oat products. free phenolic acids, alk(en)ylresorcinols, and avenanthramides were extracted with methanolic acetic acid, 100% methanol, and ...	2005	16218677
graingenes 2.0. an improved resource for the small-grains community.	graingenes (http://wheat.pw.usda.gov) is an international database for genetic and genomic information about triticeae species (wheat [triticum aestivum], barley [hordeum vulgare], rye [secale cereale], and their wild relatives) and oat (avena sativa) and its wild relatives. a major strength of the graingenes project is the interaction of the curators with database users in the research community, placing graingenes as both a data repository and information hub. the primary intensively curated d ...	2005	16219925
the activation state of rubisco directly limits photosynthesis at low co(2) and low o(2) partial pressures.	using gas exchange, enzyme assays, and theoretical modeling of photosynthetic responses to light and co(2), we investigated whether decarbamylation of the active site of rubisco at low co(2) and low light leads to a condition where the activation state of rubisco directly limits the rate of net co(2) assimilation. photosynthetic limitation by a reduction in the activation state of rubisco would be indicated as a decline in the initial slope of the photosynthetic co(2) response relative to what i ...	2002	16228135
thin layer chromatography-application in qualitative analysis on presence of coumarins and flavonoids in plant material.	drugs, natural medicinal plant, animals and mineral materials, have a large and various application in official pharmacy and medicine. carriers of multilateral pharmacological effects that those drugs shown, are chemically define as active components that are present in them. methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis are used for the chemical investigation of components that drugs contain. method of thin layer chromatography has been shown as very reliable. according to the chemical inves ...	2003	16232145
in vitro bile acid binding of flours from oat lines varying in percentage and molecular weight distribution of beta-glucan.	two experimental high beta-glucan oat (avena sativa) lines (7.64 and 8.05%) and two traditional lines (4.77 and 5.26% beta-glucan) were used to evaluate the effect of beta-glucan quantity and molecular weight on bile acid (ba) binding. the oat flour samples were digested by an in vitro system that simulated human digestion. no significant differences among oat type were found in the overall beta-glucan, starch, and pentosan digestibilities. considering the standard, cholestyramine, as 100% bound ...	2005	16248587
toxicity assessment of two soils from jales mine (portugal) using plants: growth and biochemical parameters.	contaminants in soils can enter food chains through primary producers. bioavailable contaminants can induce growth, and reproductive or biochemical changes in plants. to evaluate the bioavailability of heavy metals in two soils from jales mine surroundings, bioassays with the plants brassica rapa (rcbr) and avena sativa were performed. biochemical parameters (protein and malondialdehyde [mda] content, and catalase and peroxidase activities) were also measured. the soils had different heavy metal ...	2006	16307215
identification of molecular markers for aluminium tolerance in diploid oat through comparative mapping and qtl analysis.	the degree of aluminium tolerance varies widely across cereal species, with oats (avena spp.) being among the most tolerant. the objective of this study was to identify molecular markers linked to aluminium tolerance in the diploid oat a. strigosa. restriction fragment length polymorphism markers were tested in regions where comparative mapping indicated the potential for orthologous quantitative trait loci (qtl) for aluminium tolerance in other grass species. amplified fragment length polymorph ...	2006	16323000
photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization in a c450a mutant of the lov2 domain of the avena sativa blue-light receptor phototropin.	phototropin is a blue-light receptor involved in the phototropic response of higher plants. the photoreceptor comprises a protein kinase domain and two structurally similar flavin-mononucleotide (fmn) binding domains designated lov1 and lov2. blue-light irradiation of recombinant lov2 domains induces the formation of a covalent adduct of the thiol group of a functional cysteine in the cofactor-binding pocket to c(4a) of the fmn. cysteine-to-alanine mutants of lov domains are unable to form that ...	2005	16332073
evaluation of methods for sampling, recovery, and enumeration of bacteria applied to the phylloplane.	determining the fate and survival of genetically engineered microorganisms released into the environment requires the development and application of accurate and practical methods of detection and enumeration. several experiments were performed to examine quantitative recovery methods that are commonly used or that have potential applications. in these experiments, erwinia herbicola and enterobacter cloacae were applied in greenhouses to blue lake bush beans (phaseolus vulgaris) and cayuse oats ...	1991	16348404
carbohydrate partitioning between upper and lower regions of the crown in oat and rye during cold acclimation and freezing.	carbohydrates have long been recognized as an important aspect of freezing tolerance in plants but the association between these two factors is often ambiguous. to help clarify the relationship, the allocation of carbohydrates between specific tissues within the over wintering organ (crown) of winter cereals was measured. a winter-hardy and non-winter-hardy oat (avena sativa l.), and a rye (secale cereale l.) cultivar were grown and frozen under controlled conditions. crown tissue was fractionat ...	2006	16359655
microbially safe utilization of non-inactivated oats (avena sativa l.) for production of conjugated linoleic acid.	a microbially safe process for the enrichment of conjugated linoleic acid (cla) in oats was developed. the process consists of hydrolysis of oat lipids by non-inactivated oat flour, followed by propionibacterium-catalyzed isomerization of the resulting free linoleic acid to cla. the first stage was performed at water activity (a(w)) 0.7, where hydrolysis of triacylglycerols progressed efficiently without growth of the indigenous microflora of flour. thereafter, the flour was incubated as a 5% (w ...	2006	16448209
a wheat alpha-amy2 promoter is regulated by gibberellin in transformed oat aleurone protoplasts.	gibberellin (ga(3))-responsive aleurone protoplasts isolated from avena sativa have been successfully used as a transient expression system to analyse promoter fusions between the wheat alpha-amylase gene alpha-amy2/54 and the reporter gene gus. following peg-mediated uptake of plasmid dna, transient expression directed by the alpha-amy2/54 promoter was found to be regulated in the same way as the endogenous oat alpha-amylase genes. expression was thus dependent on the inclusion of ga(3) in the ...	1989	16453890
assessing nickel bioavailability in smelter-contaminated soils.	metal contaminants in soil environments derived from industrial pollution have clearly established the need for research on bioavailability and potential health risks. much research has been conducted on metal sorption in soils. however, there is still a need to better understand the availability of metal contaminants to plants and microbes. such information will enhance both human health and decisions about remediation efforts. in this study, welland loam (typic epiaquoll) and quarry muck (terr ...	2006	16499951
endogenous nitrogen excretion by red kangaroos (macropus rufus): effects of animal age and forage quality.	red kangaroos (macropus rufus) are large (>20 kg) herbivorous marsupials common to arid and semiarid australia. the population dynamics of red kangaroos are linked with environmental factors, operating largely through juvenile survival. a crucial period is the young-at-foot (yaf) stage, when juveniles have permanently left the mother's pouch but still take milk from a teat in the pouch. forage quantity and quality have been implicated in drought-related mortalities of juvenile kangaroos. here we ...	2013	16555200
forage fibre digestion, rates of feed passage and gut fill in juvenile and adult red kangaroos macropus rufus desmarest: why body size matters.	using red kangaroos macropus rufus desmarest, a large (>20 kg) marsupial herbivore, we compared the digestive capabilities of juveniles with those of mature, non-lactating females on high-quality forage (chopped lucerne medicago sativa hay) of 43+/-1% neutral-detergent fibre (ndf) and poorer quality, high-fibre forage (chopped oaten avena sativa hay) of 64+/-1% ndf. on chopped lucerne apparent dry matter (dm) digestibilities by young-at-foot (yaf) red kangaroos (an age that would normally be tak ...	2006	16574810
purification of an ion-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase from plant roots: association with plasma membranes.	a membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatase (ec 3.6.1.3) that requires mg(++) and that is stimulated by monovalent ions has been purified 7- to 8-fold from homogenates of oat (avena sativa l. cult. goodfield) roots by discontinuous sucrose-gradient centrifugation. the enzyme was substrate specific; adenosine triphosphate was hydrolyzed 25 times more rapidly than other nucleoside triphosphates. the membrane fraction containing adenosine triphosphatase was enriched in plasma membranes, which were id ...	1972	16592027
use of i-labeled phytochrome to quantitate phytochrome binding to membranes of avena sativa.	purified oat phytochrome was labeled with (125)i without altering the photoreversibility or absorbance properties of the pigment. the radiolabeled phytochrome was used in experiments in vitro to quantitate the binding of the pigment to both crude and purified membrane preparations from oat tissue. after the membranes were allowed to react with (125)i-labeled phytochrome, washed free of unbound material, and pelleted, they were found to have significant levels of radioactivity bound to them. qual ...	1977	16592450
nonhormonal induction of h efflux from plant tissues and its correlation with growth.	when the esterase substrate alpha-naphthyl acetate is added to segments from coleoptiles of oat (avena sativa l., var. victory) or corn (zea mays l., bear hybrid wf 9 x 38) or to roots of lentil (lens culinaris med.), it is rapidly taken up and hydrolyzed to alpha-naphthol and acetic acid. this technique was used to generate intracellular acid and to study the effect of its efflux on growth. with corn coleoptile segments, treatment with alpha-naphthyl acetate induced more rapid and more prolonge ...	1979	16592739
indole-3-acetic acid sensitization of phytochrome-controlled growth of coleoptile sections.	addition of 6 mum indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) to incubation buffer increases the sensitivity of coleoptile sections cut from dark-grown avena sativa l. cv. lodi to red light by a factor of 10,000, relative to the response in the absence of added iaa, without changing the maximum amount of light-induced growth. from 0.03 to 4 mum iaa sections show at least a 100-fold increase in sensitivity to red light relative to the response in the absence of added iaa. in this iaa concentration range, the ligh ...	1984	16593476
red light-induced formation of ubiquitin-phytochrome conjugates: identification of possible intermediates of phytochrome degradation.	phytochrome is the photoreceptor that controls red light-mediated morphogenesis in higher plants. it exists in two photointerconvertible forms, a red light-absorbing form, pr, and a far-red light-absorbing form, pfr. because photoconversion of pr to pfr by a brief light pulse decreases the in vivo half-life of this chromoprotein by a factor of approximately 100, this system offers a unique way to modulate the turnover rate of a specific protein and hence study the mechanisms responsible for sele ...	1987	16593800
elimination of the adverse effects of urea fertilizer on seed germination, seedling growth, and early plant growth in soil.	the rapidly increasing importance of urea fertilizer in world agriculture has stimulated research to find methods of reducing the problems associated with the use of this fertilizer. one of these problems is that urea has adverse effects on seed germination, seedling growth, and early plant growth in soil. because there is evidence that these adverse effects are caused largely, if not entirely, by ammonia produced through hydrolysis of urea fertilizer by soil urease, we explored the possibility ...	1988	16593951
generation of snp markers for short straw in oat (avena sativa l.).	short straw is a desired trait in oat germplasm (avena sativa l.). marker-assisted selection, a key tool for achieving this objective, is limited by the presence and number of available markers. here, we have attempted to develop markers sufficiently linked to a gene specifying short straw so that marker-assisted selection could be applied. bulked-segregant analysis was used to identify anonymous pcr-based markers associated with the dwarfing gene dw6 in an f2 population from the cross between a ...	2006	16604112
modification of chemical properties of cell walls by silicon and its role in regulation of the cell wall extensibility in oat leaves.	effects of silicon on the mechanical and chemical properties of cell walls in the second leaf of oat (avena sativa l.) seedlings were investigated. the cell wall extensibility in the basal region of the second leaf was considerably higher than that in the middle and subapical regions. externally applied silicon increased the cell wall extensibility in the basal region, but it did not affect the extensibility in the middle and subapical regions. the amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and phenol ...	2007	16618521
changes in hydrophilic antioxidant activity in avena sativa and triticum aestivum leaves of different age during de-etiolation and high-light treatment.	the steady-state of reactive oxygen species (ros) in plant cells is controlled by ros-producing and scavenging agents. a large cellular pool of antioxidant metabolites is involved in their control. variations in this antioxidant pool may be monitored by measuring changes in hydrophilic antioxidant activity (free radical-quenching activity of water-soluble components) and ascorbic acid levels. the de-etiolation process and induction of light stress in avena sativa and triticum aestivum leaves wer ...	2006	16628378
[isolation and structure of peptides from oat (avena sativa) seedlings].	the level of proteolytic activity in tissues of oat seedlings was characterized under acidic conditions, and the number and content of the main components in low-molecular-mass fractions of the extract were determined. the structures of the majority of predominant peptide components isolated from the extract were studied. the use of a database of protein structures helped suggest possible structures of protein precursors of the peptides isolated. detailed information on a plant peptidome was obt ...	2015	16637293
arginine decarboxylase of oats is clipped from a precursor into two polypeptides found in the soluble enzyme.	we have examined soluble oat (avena sativa) arginine decarboxylase by probing its structure with polyclonal antibodies that separately recognize amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal antigens and with a monoclonal antibody that immunoprecipitates enzyme activity. these experiments indicated that oat arginine decarboxylase is clipped from a 66,000-d precursor polypeptide into 42,000- and 24,000-d produce polypeptides. both of these are found in the enzyme and may be held together by disulfide bond ...	1992	16652937
short-term effects of rhizosphere microorganisms on fe uptake from microbial siderophores by maize and oat.	effects of rhizosphere microorganisms on fe uptake by oat (avena sativa) and maize (zea mays) were studied in short-term (10 h) nutrient solution experiments. fe was supplied either as microbial siderophores (pseudobactin [psb] or ferrioxamine b [fob]) or as phytosiderophores obtained as root exudates from barley (epi-3-hydroxy-mugineic acid [hma]) under varied population densities of rhizosphere microorganisms (axenic, uninoculated, or inoculated with different microorganism cultures). when mai ...	1992	16652982
partial purification and properties of an inducible uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucose-salicylic acid glucosyltransferase from oat roots.	a salicylic acid (sa)-inducible uridine 5'-diphosphate (udp)-glucose:sa 3-o-glucosyltransferase was extracted from oat (avena sativa l. cv dal) roots. reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography or anion exchange chromatography was used to separate sa from the product, beta-o-d-glucosylsalicylic acid. the soluble enzyme was purified 176-fold with 5% recovery using a combination of ph fractionation, anion exchange, gel filtration, and chromatofocusing chromatography. the partially purifi ...	1992	16652983
blue light activates a specific protein kinase in higher plants.	blue light mediates the phosphorylation of a membrane protein in seedlings from several plant species. when crude microsomal membrane proteins from dark-grown pea (pisum sativum l.), sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), zucchini (cucurbita pepo l.), arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana l.), or tomato (lycopersicon esculentum l.) stem segments, or from maize (zea mays l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.), oat (avena sativa l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), or sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) coleoptiles are i ...	1992	16653043
induction of udp-glucose:salicylic acid glucosyltransferase in oat roots.	a udp-glucose:salicylic acid 3-o-glucosyltransferase (ec 2.4.1.35) (gtase) from oat (avena sativa l. cv dal) root extracts was assayed in vitro using [(14)c]salicylic acid (sa) and an ion exchange column to separate sa from beta-glucosylsalicylic acid. the gtase, present at a very low constitutive level, was inducible to 23 times the constitutive level. when excised roots were exposed to sa at ph 6.5, the specific activity of the enzyme increased within 1.5 h, peaked after 8 to 10 h, and then de ...	1992	16653092
kinetics of the vacuolar h-pyrophosphatase : the roles of magnesium, pyrophosphate, and their complexes as substrates, activators, and inhibitors.	the responses of the vacuolar membrane (tonoplast) proton-pumping inorganic pyrophosphatase (h(+)-ppase) from oat (avena sativa l.) roots to changes in mg(2+) and pyrophosphate (ppi) concentrations have been characterized. the kinetics were complex, and reaction kinetic models were used to determine which of the various ppi complexes were responsible for the observed responses. the results indicate that the substrate for the oat root vacuolar h(+)-ppase is mg(2)ppi and that this complex is also ...	1992	16653186
temperature as a predetermining factor in the development of avena sativa.		1935	16653270
effect of oxygen on photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration in detached leaves. ii. corn and other monocotyledons.	the effect of o(2) on the co(2) exchange of detached leaves of corn (zea mays), wheat (triticum vulgare), oats (avena sativa), barley (hordeum vulgare), timothy (phleum pratense) and cat-tail (typha angustifolia) was measured with a clark oxygen electrode and infrared carbon dioxide analysers in both open and closed systems.corn leaves did not produce co(2) in the light at any o(2) concentration, as was shown by the zero co(2) compensation point and the absence of a co(2) burst in the first minu ...	1966	16656272
maintenance of polarity of auxin movement by basipetal transport.	the polar, basipetal transport of indoleacetic acid helps to maintain polarity of auxin movement in coleoptiles of avena sativa l. by opposing acropetal diffusion. this conclusion is supported by 3 different kinds of experiments. in all 3 experiments, sections took up (14)c carboxyl-labeled indole-3-acetic acid anaerobically, and the distribution of auxin within all sections was similar at the end of uptake.[list: see text].	1966	16656315
phosphorus metabolism of germinating oat seeds.	an investigation has been made of the changes in the major phosphorus containing substances in avena sativa during the first 8 days of dark germination. the endosperm, roots, and shoots were analyzed separately for acid soluble-p, phytic acid-p, inorganic-p, lipid-p, nucleic acid-p, and protein-p. phytic acid-p comprised 53% of the total seed phosphate, while the sum of lipid-p, nucleic acid-p and protein-p comprised 27% of the seed phosphate. all these reserve phosphate materials were mobilized ...	1966	16656424
simulated low-gravity environments and respiratory metabolism in avena seedlings.	using horizontal and vertical axis clinostats and sand-grown oat seedlings (avena sativa), it was found that horizontal clinostat rotation at 2 rpm increased respiration and inorganic and organic phosphorus content of seedlings. increased coleoptile geotropism and root growth are attributed to rotational nullification of the directional component of the gravitational stimulus. these growth modifications are mechanistically explicable by the relationship between plant metabolism and auxin concent ...	1966	16656433
mineral ion contents and cell transmembrane electropotentials of pea and oat seedling tissue.	the relationships of concentration gradients to electropotential gradients resulting from passive diffusion processes, after equilibration, are described by the nernst equation. the primary criterion for the hypothesis that any given ion is actively transported is to establish that it is not diffusing passively. a test was made of how closely the nernst equation describes the electrochemical equilibrium in seedling tissues. segments of roots and epicotyl internodes of pea (pisum sativum var. ala ...	1967	16656483
geotropic response of coleoptiles under anaerobic conditions.	coleoptiles of avena sativa and zea mays do not develop a geotropic response under anaerobic conditions.	1967	16656622
effect of inversion on growth and movement of indole-3-acetic acid in coleoptiles.	the effect of a 180 degrees displacement from the normal vertical orientation on longitudinal growth and on the acropetal and basipetal movement of (14)c-iaa was investigated in avena sativa l. and zea mays l. coleoptile sections. inversion inhibits growth in intact sections (apex not removed) and in decapitated sections supplied apically with donor blocks containing auxin. under aerobic conditions, inversion inhibits basipetal auxin movement and promotes acropetal auxin movement, whereas under ...	1967	16656645
in vitro phytochrome dark reversion process.	thermal reversion of the far-red absorbing form of phytochrome to the red absorbing form in darkness has been investigated in crude and partially purified isolates from a number of etiolated and light grown higher plants. the influence of temperature, aging and urea on the rate of reversion was also determined.phytochrome isolated from all higher plants underwent reversion. the reversion proceeded in at least 2 distinct stages; a short rapid initial phase being followed a slow phase which contin ...	1968	16656838
some properties of phytochrome isolated from dark-grown oat seedlings (avena sativa l.).	phytochrome was partially purified from etiolated seedlings of avena sativa l. several properties of the red-absorbing (p(r)) and far-red absorbing (p(fr)) forms of the pigment were compared. the 2 forms could not be shown to differ with respect to their sedimentation velocity in sucrose density gradients, elution volume from sephadex g-200 columns, binding properties on calcium phosphate, or electrophoretic mobility. p(fr), however, was more labile than p(r) during precipitation with 50% ammoni ...	1968	16656907
monovalent ion stimulated adenosine triphosphatase from oat roots.	monovalent ion stimulated atpase activity from oat (avena sativa) roots has been found to be associated with various membrane fractions (cell wall, mitochondrial and microsomal) of oat roots. the atpase requires mg(2+) (or mn(+2)) but is further stimulated by k(+) and other monovalent ions. the monovalent ions are ineffective in the absence of the divalent activating cation. the atpase has been described with respect to monovalent ion specificity, temperature, ph, substrate specificity, and mg(2 ...	1969	16657073
determination of linkages of beta-d-glucans from lupinus albus and avena sativa by exo-beta-(1 --> 3)-d-glucanase.		1970	16657310
auxin transport in avena: i. indoleacetic acid-c distributions and speeds.	measurements have been made on the initial stages of the transport of carbon-14-labeled indoleacetic acid in the coleoptile of avena sativa l. concentrations of mobile and immobilized indoleacetic acid are related to both distance and time during the first 2 hours after application of the indoleacetic acid at several concentrations to the top of the decapitated coleoptile.at the lowest concentration of indoleacetic acid applied (0.3 mum), the graphs of concentration against distance are linear f ...	1970	16657448
compartments and fluxes of k, na, and cl in avena coleoptile cells.	by the compartmental analysis method of macrobbie and dainty, and pitman, estimates of k(+), na(+), and cl(-) concentrations and fluxes were obtained for the cytoplasm and vacuole of coleoptile cells of oat, avena sativa l. cv. victory. double labeling was used in experiments with (42)k plus (22)na and with (42)k plus (36)cl in a complete nutrient solution. at the plasmalemma, according to the ussing-teorell flux ratio equation, na(+) is pumped out and cl(-) is actively transported inward. the r ...	1970	16657527
induction of coleoptile elongation by carbon dioxide.	the ability of co(2) to induce elongation of avena sativa coleoptile segments was examined with the use of a high resolution growth-recording device. co(2)-saturated water causes an 8- to 16-fold promotion in the rate of elongation within 1 minute. this elongation is insensitive to a variety of metabolic inhibitors that suppress auxin-induced elongation, and the co(2) effect cannot be prevented by pretreatment with these inhibitors. buffers of ph 3 to 4 also stimulate elongation quickly, and it ...	1971	16657618
solubilization and separation of uridine diphospho-d-glucose: beta-(1 --> 4) glucan and uridine diphospho-d-glucose:beta-(1 --> 3) glucan glucosyltransferases from coleoptiles of avena sativa.	the particulate glucan synthetase preparation isolated from a homogenate of oat coleoptiles at 4 c lost 65% of its original activity after 1 day when the udp-d-glucose substrate concentration was 5 x 10(-7)m to 1.0 x 10(-6)m. storage of the particulate enzyme at -20 c or in liquid nitrogen did not prevent the enzyme from losing its activity. incorporation of 0.5% hovine serum albumin into the medium stabilized the particulate enzyme at 0 c for 6 days and for at least 2 weeks in liquid nitrogen.w ...	1971	16657697
influence of temperature and seed ripening on the in-vivo incorporation of co(2) into the lipids of oat grains (avena sativa l.).	to elucidate the influence of growth temperature and of stage of maturity on lipid synthesis in seeds, oat plants (avena sativa nuda l., variety nos) were fed with (14)co(2) at different stages after flowering, and the (14)c-incorporation into the grain lipids was determined at 2, 24, and 48 hours after the end of (14)co(2)-application. by changing growth temperature from 12 c to 28 c after the application of (14)co(2) to intact plants, a higher (14)c-labeling of saturated fatty acids was found ...	1971	16657814
"disaggregation" of phytochrome in vitro-a consequence of proteolysis.	the relationship between a large molecular weight (9s) and a small molecular weight (4.5s, 60,000 molecular weight) species of phytochrome was examined to determine if the larger species was an aggregate of the smaller. alterations of ph, salt concentration, or phytochrome concentration did not cause any observable formation of the large form from the small form. however, in partially purified phytochrome extracts from secale cereale l. and avena sativa l., the large form was converted to the sm ...	1971	16657862
the dark reactions of rye phytochrome in vivo and in vitro.	the dark reactions of secale cereale l. cv. balbo phytochrome have been investigated in coleoptile tips and in extensively purified extracts of large molecular weight phytochrome. destruction, but not reversion, was detected in vivo. the effects of various inhibitors of an in vitro phytochrome-degrading protease did not support a view of proteolytic attack as the basis of in vivo destruction. in vitro, rye phytochrome (about 240,000 molecular weight) reverted extremely rapidly, even at 5 c. the ...	1972	16657993
phosphorylated and nucleotide sugar metabolism in relation to cell wall production in avena coleoptiles treated with fluroride and peroxyacetyl nitrate.	coleoptile sections of avena sativa l. were pretreated with sodium fluoride or peroxyacetyl nitrate at levels which inhibit auxin-induced growth but did not affect glucose uptake or co(2) production when postincubated for 30 minutes in a (14)c-glucose medium without auxin. labeling of metabolites involved in cell wall synthesis was measured. peroxyacetyl nitrate decreased labeling, and it was concluded that the pool size of uridine di-phosphoglucose, sucrose, and cell wall polysaccharides decrea ...	1972	16657997
distribution and activation of the golgi apparatus in geotropism.	we find a differential distribution of dictyosomes in the avascular tip cells of the oat (avena sativa) coleoptile upon geostimulation. a differential activation (increased vesicle production) of the dictyosomes with respect to gravity also occurs, but only in the tip cells of the lower tissues. similar differences in distribution and activation of dictyosomes occur also in cells subjacent to the avascular tip (1st and 5th millimeter from the apex) of both the upper and lower half-tissues. when ...	1972	16658015
photoconversion of riboflavin to lumichrome in plant tissues.	free flavins have been extracted from shoots of etiolated corn (zea mays l., var. burpee snowcross) and from yeast cells and separated from other substances by absorption on resorcinol-formaldehyde resin and talc columns and by thin layer chromatography. riboflavin was the only free flavin present. extracts of etiolated shoots of oats (avena sativa l., var. multiline e-69 and clinford) yielded riboflavin plus a second free flavin previously demonstrated in oats. the areas of the chromatograms ex ...	1972	16658098
intracellular distribution of mitochondria after geotropic stimulation of the oat coleoptile.	the number of mitochondria is greater in the bottom than in the top of cells in geotropically stimulated oat (avena sativa) coleoptiles. in the avascular tip and outer epidermis of subapical regions this difference occurs only in the lower tissues. these inequalities are found both in the kmno(4) (-) and in the glutaraldehyde-fixed tissues; however, they are significant only in the former. also, the number of mitochondria scored is consistently lower when the tissues were fixed in kmno(4). these ...	1972	16658131
role of protein synthesis in the senescence of leaves: ii. the influence of amino acids on senescence.	when the first leaf of the oat (avena sativa) seedling is detached and placed in the dark, yellowing and proteolysis take place rapidly. the earlier finding that d-serine promotes this process has led to a further study of the controlling roles of several amino acids. since the action of serine was found to be more powerful in presence of kinetin than alone, the effects of other amino acids have been restudied in presence of kinetin. cysteine emerges as a moderately strong promotor of senescence ...	1972	16658191
photoregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinase activity in cell-free extracts.	this article gives evidence that nad kinase activity is controlled by the action of phytochrome. the nadp level rapidly increased in the cotyledons of seedlings of pharbitis nil strain violet (a short day plant), when the inductive dark for flowering was interrupted with a 5-minute illumination of red light. illumination with far red light immediately after illumination with red light counteracted partly the effect of the latter.a partially purified phytochrome preparation from the uppermost int ...	1972	16658195
auxin-induced changes in avena coleoptile cell wall composition.	sugar and uronic acid residues were derived from wall polysaccharides of oat (avena sativa, var. victory) coleoptiles by means of 2 n trifluoroacetic acid, 72% sulfuric acid, or enzymic hydrolysis. the products of hydrolysis were reduced and acetylated to form alditol acetates which were analyzed using gas chromatography. time-course studies of auxin-promoted changes in various wall fractions indicate that when exogenous glucose was available, increases in certain wall constituents paralleled in ...	1972	16658216
comparative immunochemistry of phytochrome.	partially purified high molecular weight preparations of phytochrome, estimated to be close to 440,000 molecular weight based upon chromatography through a calibrated bio-gel p-300 column, were obtained from garry and newton oats (avena sativa l., cv. garry and cv. newton), rye (secale cereale l., cv. balbo), barley (horedum vulgare l., cv. harrison), and pea (pisum sativum l., cv. alaska) by a sequence of three chromatographic steps: brushite, diethylaminoethyl cellulose, and bio-gel p-300. no ...	1973	16658285
rapid growth inhibition of avena coleoptile segments by abscisic acid.	an angular position sensing transducer was used to make continuous measurements of elongation of a column of avena sativa coleoptile segments. elongation stimulated by 2 mum indoleacetic acid was inhibited by 0.1 mm abscisic acid with a latent period of about 4 or 5 minutes at ph 6.0, 30 c. full growth inhibition was not established until about 1 hour after the addition of the abscisic acid. the same degree of final growth inhibition could be obtained under the above conditions using 10 mum and ...	1973	16658304
kinetics of stress relaxation properties of oat coleoptile cell wall after geotropic stimulation.	this study describes the stress relaxation of the cell wall of oat (avena sativa) coleoptiles after different periods of geotropic stimulation. the upper and lower tissues (with respect to gravity) of geotrophically stimulated coleoptiles exhibit different wall properties. the lower tissues are less resistant to deformation than the upper. the ratio of stress to strain is significatly less in the lower than in the upper tissue. similarly, the relaxation time and the minimum relaxation time, deri ...	1973	16658352
rhythmicity in the basipetal transport of indoleacetic acid through coleoptiles.	(14)c-indoleacetic acid was applied to coleoptiles of corn (zea mays) and oat (avena sativa). the coleoptiles were detached from the endosperms at 6-minute intervals after indoleacetic acid application, and the radioactivity was determined in successive 2-millimeter regions. the rate (per cent per minute) of basipetal transport of indoleacetic acid is periodic in various regions of the coleoptile, with a period of about 20 minutes. the possible relation of this cyclic phenomenon to other rhythmi ...	1973	16658381
membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatase activities of oat roots.	homogenates of oat (avena sativa cv. goodfield) roots contained at least five membrane-associated adenosine triphosphatase (atpase) activities. the membrane-bound atpases were separated on sucrose gradients and distinguished by membrane density, ph optima, sensitivity to monovalent salts, and substrate specificity.a membrane fraction sedimenting at low centrifugal force (13,000g) contained two atpase activities at ph 9.0. one membrane atpase was coincident with cytochrome c oxidase activity and ...	1973	16658403
purification of oat and rye phytochrome.	a purification procedure employing normal chromatographic techniques is outlined for isolating phytochrome from etiolated oat (avena sativa l.) seedlings. yields in excess of 20% (25 milligrams or more) of phytochrome in crude extract were obtained from 10- to 15-kilograms lots. the purified oat phytochrome had an absorbance ratio (a(280) nm/a(665) nm) of 0.78 to 0.85, comparable to reported values, and gave a single major band with an estimated molecular weight of 62,000 on electrophoresis in s ...	1973	16658440
inhibition of low ph-induced elongation in avena coleoptiles by abscisic acid.	an angular position-sensing transducer was used to make continuous measurements of acid-induced elongation of avena sativa coleoptile segments. elongation rates at ph 4.5 (5 mm succinate buffer) were about 5-fold greater than those at ph 6.0. buffered 0.1 mm abscisic acid produced a partial decrease of the growth rate. pretreatments with abscisic acid buffered at ph 6.0 usually caused a further reduction of the elongation response when the coleoptile segments were subsequently placed in buffer a ...	1973	16658443
on the nature of the physiological responses of avena stem segments to gibberellic acid treatment.	gibberellic acid was found to cause elongation in avena sativa (oat) stem segments whether it was applied continuously or as a short pulse. the shorter the pulse time became, the higher was the gibberellic acid concentration needed to cause elongation; the segmental growth apparently depends upon the amount of gibberellic acid taken up by the segments. avena segments showed a decreased growth response to gibberellic acid if the treatments were initiated at increasingly later times after excision ...	1973	16658458
substrate activation of beta-(1 --> 3) glucan synthetase and its effect on the structure of beta-glucan obtained from udp-d-glucose and particulate enzyme of oat coleoptiles.	udp-d-glucose, at a micromolar level in the presence of mgcl(2) and oat (avena sativa) coleoptile particulate enzyme which contains both beta-(1 --> 3) and beta-(1 --> 4) glucan synthetases, produces glucan with mainly beta-(1 --> 4) glucosyl linkages. an activation of beta-(1 --> 3) glucan synthetase by udp-d-glucose and a decrease in the formation of beta-(1 --> 3) glucan in the presence of mgcl(2) have been observed. however, at high substrate concentration (>/= 10(-4)m), the activation of be ...	1973	16658488
characterization of plasma membrane-associated adenosine triphosphase activity of oat roots.	atpase activity of plasma membranes isolated from oat (avena sativa l. cv. goodfield) roots was activated by divalent cations (mg(2+) = mn(2+) > zn(2+) > fe(2+) > ca(2+)) and further stimulated by kcl and a variety of monovalent salts, both inorganic and organic. the enzyme exhibited greater specificity for cations than anions. the presence of mg(2+) was necessary for kcl stimulation. ca(2+) was ineffective in replacing mg(2+) for activation of plasma membrane atpase, but it did activate other m ...	1973	16658500
polarity and rate of transport of cyclic adenosine 3,5'-monophosphate in the coleoptile.	transport of tritiated cyclic amp in the coleoptile of oats (avena sativa) and corn (zea mays) is polar, with basipetal to acropetal ratios of 4.0 and 3.2, respectively. the rate of transport is approximately that of indoleacetic acid. the linear velocity of transport, however, is at least five times that of auxin. a loss in transport polarity of the nucleotide occurs in subapical tissues within several hours after decapitation of the coleoptile, accompanied by a decrease in transport rate. the ...	1973	16658508
phytochrome destruction: an apparent requirement for protein synthesis in the induction of the destruction mechanism.	examination of the phytochrome destruction reaction as a function of age in etiolated oat (avena sativa l. cv. garry) seedlings demonstrates that following illumination of 3-day-old shoots there is a lag, not observed in 4- or 5-day-old oats, prior to the onset of destruction. this light-mediated induction of the phytochrome destruction mechanism in 3-day-old shoots is inhibited by chloramphenicol, actinomycin d, and puromycin suggesting that protein synthesis is required. in 4-day-old shoots, a ...	1973	16658553
activation of avena coleoptile cell wall glycosidases by hydrogen ions and auxin.	several cell wall-bound glycosidases present in avena sativa coleoptiles were assayed by following the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-glycosides. particular emphasis was placed on characterizing some parameters affecting the activity of beta-galactosidase. the ph optimum of this enzyme is 4.5 to 5.5; it is sensitive to copper ions and p-chloromercuribenzoate treatment and apparently has an exceptionally low turnover rate. indoleacetic acid treatment enhanced in vivo beta-galactosidase activity of c ...	1974	16658680
phytochrome stability in vitro: i. effect of metal ions.	photoreversible phytochrome disappears from etiolated tissue upon actinic irradiation. such disappearance, of possible physiological importance, involves several processes, at least one of which is accelerated by metals in vivo. purified phytochrome from oat (avena sativa l. cv. garry) coleoptiles is greatly stabilized in vitro by scrupulous removal of metal impurities via chelating agents. such stabilized phytochrome decays rapidly upon the addition of about 10 mum hg(2+), cd(2+), cu(2+), and z ...	1974	16658705
amyloplast size and number in gravity-compensated oat seedlings.	gravity compensation by the horizontal clinostat increases the diameter of amyloplast starch grains of oat (avena sativa cv. victory) coleoptile parenchyma cells, as compared to vertically rotated and stationary controls. in dark-grown coleoptile tip parenchyma cells, measured starch grain sizes exhibit a wide distribution of diameters, from approximately 1.5 to approximately 8.0 mum, but fall into three prominent diameter classes. the compensated tissues from both the tip and the subapical regi ...	1974	16658713
use of protein in extraction and stabilization of nitrate reductase.	the in vitro instability of nitrate reductase (ec 1.6.6.1) activity from leaves of several species of higher plants was investigated. decay of activity was exponential with time, suggesting that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction was involved. the rate of decay of nitrate reductase activity increased as leaf age increased in all species studied. activity was relatively stable in certain genotypes of zea mays l., but extremely unstable in others. in all genotypes of avena sativa l. and nicotiana tabacu ...	1974	16658769
the use of an enzyme electrode in the analysis of indole-3-acetic acid oxidase activity in avena.	a flexible analytical system which allows for the continuous potentiometric monitoring of the disappearance of an electrochemical species, ferrocyanide, by the peroxidase enzyme is described. the ability of peroxidase to mediate the oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid is followed by observing the competition of indole-3-acetic acid with ferrocyanide for the peroxidase enzyme. this is accomplished by examining potentiometrically the decrease in the rate of ferrocyanide oxidation with increasing ind ...	1974	16658775
a synergistic stimulation of avena sativa coleoptile elongation by indoleacetic acid and carbon dioxide.	the ability of 0.03% co(2) to stimulate growth has been investigated using etiolated avena coleoptile sections maintained in buffered solution. this concentration of co(2)-stimulated growth after a lag period of 12 to 15 minutes, and a synergistic relationship between indoleacetic acid and co(2) in stimulating growth has been demonstrated. the response to co(2) is inhibited by cycloheximide and is lost approximately 10 minutes after exposure to co(2)-free air. malate can replace co(2) in stimula ...	1974	16658829
the influence of 0.03% carbon dioxide on protein metabolism of etiolated avena sativa coleoptiles.	the influence of indoleacetic acid, 0.03% co(2), and malate on protein metabolism of etiolated avena sativa coleoptile sections has been investigated. all three were found to elevate both the rate of incorporation of labeled leucine into protein, and the level of soluble protein. the combination of indoleacetic acid and co(2) stimulated these values in an additive or weakly synergistic manner, in contrast to the nonadditive influence of malate and co(2). evidence is presented that cyclo-heximide ...	1974	16658830
multiple forms and intracellular localization of uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase in avena sativa.	uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase was isolated separately from avena sativa leaves, roots, and etiolated coleoptiles and purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, deae-sephadex chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. there was no difference in the enzyme from the different tissue types with respect to properties exhibited during the purification procedure. a small portion of the enzyme from all three sources was found to be particulate when homogenized in aqueous suc ...	1974	16658857