Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [characteristics and utilities of luminescent bacteria from the black sea]. | luminescent bacteria, isolated from summer specimens of water of the black sea, have been identified as strains of photobacterium phosphoreum and vibrio fischeri (two of each). morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties of the four strains have been characterized, and the kinetic behavior of luciferases isolated therefrom has been studied. the sensitivity of the luminescence of the strains to certain toxic agents has been compared to that of the test strain ph. phosphoreum (cohn) f ... | 2002 | 11962223 |
| microbial spoilage and formation of biogenic amines in fresh and thawed modified atmosphere-packed salmon (salmo salar) at 2 degrees c. | to evaluate the microbial spoilage, formation of biogenic amines and shelf life of chilled fresh and frozen/thawed salmon packed in a modified atmosphere and stored at 2 degrees c. | 2002 | 11966922 |
| sensory, chemical and bacteriological changes during storage of iced squid (todaropsis eblanae). | to relate sensory shelf-life of iced whole and gutted squid to bacterial growth and chemical changes. | 2002 | 11972700 |
| a case study of logistic qsar modeling methods and robustness tests. | acute toxicity (15-min ec(50)) determination of 16 substituted naphthalene compounds to photobacterium phosphoreum was undertaken according to the standard procedures, while the effects of molecular structures of selected compounds on their toxicity to test microorganisms were logistically conducted using the quantitative structure-activity relationship (qsar) technique. the relationship was developed as -log ec(50)=5.5916 (+/-0.1189)-7.4893(+/-0.4900)qh(+)+0.7771(+/-0.0619e(lumo)+0.0088(+/-0.00 ... | 2002 | 12061832 |
| biological properties of arginine-based gemini cationic surfactants. | biological properties of novel gemini (double-chain/double-head) cationic surfactants, nalpha,nomega-bis(nalpha-acylarginine)alpha,omega-alkylendiamides, so-called bis(args), are reported. the effect of both the alkyl (10 and 12 carbon atoms) and the spacer chain (from 2-10 methylene groups) of bis(args) on their antimicrobial activity, acute toxicity on daphnia magna and photobacterium phosphoreum, and aerobic biodegradability is studied. these surfactants constitute a novel class of chemicals ... | 2002 | 12069315 |
| implications of the reactive thiol and the proximal non-proline cis-peptide bond in the structure and function of vibrio harveyi luciferase. | the role of a highly reactive cysteine residue, cys106, in vibrio harveyi luciferase in modulating the substrate-enzyme interactions and in turn affecting the enzyme activity has been extensively investigated over the past three decades. replacing cys106 with valine dramatically hinders the ability of luciferase to stabilize the c4a-hydroperoxyflavin intermediate [abu-soud, h. m., clark, a. c., francisco, w. a., baldwin, t. o., and raushel, f. m. (1993) j. biol. chem. 268, 7699-7706] and consume ... | 2002 | 12146958 |
| ecotoxicological assessment of leachates from mswi bottom ashes. | in this paper, chemical and ecotoxicological data of leachates from bottom ashes collected in different municipal solid waste incinerators (mswi) are shown. the bottom ashes were collected in belgium (three incinerators--samples b1 to b3), france, germany, italy and united kingdom (one incinerator in each country--samples f1, d1, i1 and uk1, respectively). both chemical and ecotoxicological characterizations of leachates were done on the framework of the european directive 91/689/eec and the eur ... | 2002 | 12214969 |
| [interaction of cationic surface-active antiseptics and serum albumin by the bacterial bioluminescence method]. | human serum albumin binding of cationic surface-active antiseptics was studied using a photobacterium phosphoreum k3 strain isolated by the authors in the black sea. binding of cationic surface-active proteins to serum albumin led to disappearance of toxic and antibacterial characteristics of miramistine, ethonium, and decametoxin, but not chlorohexidine. the activity of chlorohexidine was reduced by 45-48% in the presence of albumin. albumin binding capacity towards miramistine was 7.0-8.7%, to ... | 2002 | 12412506 |
| stimulated biosynthesis of flavins in photobacterium phosphoreum ifo 13896 and the presence of complete rib operons in two species of luminous bacteria. | photobacterium phosphoreum ifo 13896 emits light strongly when cultured in medium containing 3% nacl, but only weakly in medium containing 1% nacl. it is known that dim or dark mutants appear frequently and spontaneously from this parent strain. to confirm that riboflavin biosynthesis is stimulated when the lux operon is active, the amount of light emitted and flavins synthesized under strongly or weakly light emitting conditions was determined. in comparison with the parent strain cultured in 3 ... | 2002 | 12444973 |
| qsar of ecotoxicological data on the basis of data-driven if-then-rules. | a rather small data matrix of seven chemicals and 17 different ecotoxicological end points is examined by methods of discrete mathematics. especially, the lattice theory and its variant, the formal concept analysis may be an attractive tool to analyze quantitative structure activity relationships, when a numerical functional approach is not at hand. the central item is the so called concept, which is a pair of subsets: a subset of molecules and a subset of properties which correspond to each oth ... | 2002 | 12463679 |
| comparative study of four qsar models of aromatic compounds to aquatic organisms. | quantitative structure-activity relationships (qsars) were developed for 43 aromatic compounds toxicity to photobacterium phosphoreum and daphnia magna based on four methods: octanol/water partition coefficient, linear solvation energy relationship, molecular connectivity index and group contribution. through the evaluation of four qsar methods, lser was proved to be the best. and it applied to the widest range of chemicals with the greatest accuracy. | 2002 | 12491732 |
| multiple computer-automated structure evaluation study of aquatic toxicity. iii. vibrio fischeri. | an acute toxicity model was constructed on the basis of 901 chemicals tested for toxicity against the luminescent bacteria vibrio fischeri (formerly photobacterium phosphoreum, the microtox test). the model was created using the multiple computer-automated structure evaluation (m-case) program. the model can correctly predict acute toxicity for 92% of the compounds with an error averaging 0.55 log units per median effect concentration (ec50). the main toxicophores, corresponding to polar and non ... | 2003 | 12627631 |
| reversion mutation in dark variants of luminous bacteria and its application in gene toxicant monitoring. | the luminous intensity of dark variant (s1) separated from photobacterium phosphoreum (a2) was 1/10,000 less than that of wild-type. ethidium bromide (eb) (0.6 mg/l), mytomycin c (mc, 0.05 mg/l), 2-amino fluorene (2-af, 1.0 mg/l) all could strongly induce reversion mutation for s1 within 24 h and increase reversion ratio significantly. the results of experiments indicated that these revertants had stable genetic characteristic and the mutation may take place at gene levels. the mutagenesis to s1 ... | 2002 | 12658797 |
| use of partition coefficients to predict mixture toxicity. | by using the c(18)-empore disks/water partition coefficient (k(md)) to describe the toxicity of 50 mixed halogenated benzenes to photobacterium phosphoreum, an approach is proposed in this study. application of the approach to the 15 other related mixtures prove the predictive capability of this k(md)-based approach, due to the consistency between the predicted toxicity and the observed ones with r(2)=0.929, se=0.104, f=169.513 at p<0.001. further analysis of this approach finds that, for the mi ... | 2003 | 12691908 |
| the acute toxicity of gluconic acid, beta-alaninediacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentakismethylenephosphonic acid, and nitrilotriacetic acid determined by daphnia magna, raphidocelis subcapitata, and photobacterium phosphoreum. | acute toxicity of four relatively new chelating agents and their equimolar manganese and cadmium complexes was studied. the chelating agents studied were gluconic acid (ga), beta-alaninediacetic acid (ada), diethylenetriaminepentakismethylenephosphonic acid (dtpmp), and nitrilotriacetic acid (nta). three common bioassays, namely daphnia magna, raphidocelis subcapitata, and photobacterium phosphoreum (microtox bioassay) were applied. r. subcapitata proved the most sensitive to these compounds. wi ... | 2003 | 12712292 |
| standardized system for quantifying residual dirt on medical appliances cleansed in hospital washers--disinfectors: dirt detection by different methods. | an easy-to construct, easy-to-operate standardized system was developed for determining the residual biological contamination of surgical instruments, endoscopes and other medical appliances subjected to hospital cleansing and/or disinfection. it consists of standard-sized pieces of glass, metal or endoscope plastic--dirt carriers--either bare or enclosed in truncated eppendorf caps to simulate hard-to-access conditions. the surface of the carriers is covered with model dirt simulating biologica ... | 2003 | 12744084 |
| quantification of joint effect for hydrogen bond and development of qsars for predicting mixture toxicity. | a qsar model is successfully proposed to predict the toxicity effect on photobacterium phosphoreum by nonpolar-narcotic-chemical mixtures and/or polar-narcotic-chemical mixtures. for nonpolar-narcotic-chemical mixtures and polar-narcotic-chemical mixtures, their corresponding hydrophobicity-based qsar models are derived from regression analysis. comparison of these two qsar models make us believe that it is the joint effect of hydrogen bond in polar-narcotic-chemical mixture that leads to the di ... | 2003 | 12821001 |
| on the role of long-chain aldehydes in the light reaction in photobacterium phosphoreum enzyme preparations. | 1960 | 13837482 | |
| ion sensitivity of the light reaction catalyzed by enzyme preparations from photobacterium phosphoreum. | 1961 | 13920343 | |
| evidence for the presence of an unknown factor, active in the light reaction, in preparations of photobacterium phosphoreum. | 1962 | 13920344 | |
| investigations on the identity of the light-emitting molecule in photobacterium phosphoreum. | 1963 | 14104945 | |
| influence of some inhibiting and activating substances on the light reaction in vitro of photobacterium phosphoreum. | 1964 | 14249835 | |
| [studies on cultivation of photobacterium phosphoreum. 1. factors influencing the growth and light production of photobacterium phosphoreum]. | 1961 | 14458104 | |
| [studies on cultivation of photobacterium phosphoreum. ii. on a large scale cultivation of photobacterium phosphoreum]. | 1961 | 14458105 | |
| [studies on cultivation of photobacterium phosphoreum. iii. on a measurement of light intensity and some applications]. | 1962 | 14458106 | |
| three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship study for phenylsulfonyl carboxylates using comfa and comsia. | from both the comparative molecular field analysis (comfa) and the comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (comsia), the paper describes two three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3d-qsar) models for the acute toxicity logec50 (15 min-ec50 in micromoll(-1)) of 56 phenylsulfonyl carboxylates on photobacterium phosphoreum. two models yield the leave-one-out cross-validated correlation coefficient q2 values of 0.823 and 0.713, and the conventional correlation coef ... | 2003 | 14505717 |
| development of qsars for predicting the joint effects between cyanogenic toxicants and aldehydes. | quantitative structure-activity relationship (qsar) approaches are proposed in this study to predict the joint effects of mixture toxicity. the initial investigation studies the joint effects between cyanogenic toxicants and aldehydes to photobacterium phosphoreum. joint effects are found to result from the formation of a carbanion intermediate produced through the chemical interactions between cyanogenic toxicants and aldehydes. further research indicates that the formation of carbanion interme ... | 2003 | 14565777 |
| bacterial influences on atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus yolk-sac larval survival and start-feed response. | a bacteria-free halibut larval rearing system was used to test 20 bacterial isolates, from british halibut hatcheries, for their toxicity towards halibut yolk-sac larvae under microbially controlled conditions. the isolates tested spanned a range of genera and species (pseudoalteromonas, halomonas marina, vibrio salmonicida-like, photobacterium phosphoreum and v. splendidus species). a pathogen of turbot, scophthalmus maximus, v. anguillarum 91079, and 2 isolates from adult halibut were also inc ... | 2003 | 14598986 |
| isolation and identification of photobacterium phosphoreum from an unexpected niche: migrating salmon. | six luminous bacteria were isolated from migrating salmon in the yukon river, alaska. all isolates were identified as photobacterium phosphoreum. previous studies suggest that p. phosphoreum is an exclusively marine bacterium, while our alaskan isolates are from salmon which migrated up to 1,228 km from the marine environment. | 2003 | 14602659 |
| modelling and predicting the simultaneous growth of listeria monocytogenes and spoilage micro-organisms in cold-smoked salmon. | to evaluate and model the simultaneous growth of listeria monocytogenes and spoilage micro-organisms in cold-smoked salmon. | 2004 | 14678163 |
| [antimicrobial activity of saponins from hedera taurica c a r r]. | the antibacterial and antifungal action of saponins sx1, taurozide h2, taurozide i and their effect on bioluminescent system of photobacteria photobacterium phosphoreum (cohn) ford were investigated. saponins h2 and i had no antimicrobial effect. saponin sx1 possessed antifungal activity in vitro with respect to candida albicans, c. krusei, c. tropicalis. saponin sx1 is less toxic to p. phosphoreum than well-known antiseptics--chlorhexedin and miramistin. | 2003 | 14723156 |
| development of a fragment constant method for estimating the mixture toxicity. | based on group contribution theory, a fragment constant model to estimate mixture toxicity is proposed in this paper. the toxicity (ec50m) of 58 mixtures is determined using photobacterium phosphoreum. analysis of these ec50m and the mole fraction of the individual chemical fragments (br, cl, no2, oh, nh2) helps work out the fragment toxicity contribution (deltati) to ec50m. thus, a linear regression equation is established between the toxicity contribution deltati and the fragment constants of ... | 2004 | 15025158 |
| photobacterium phosphoreum caused a histamine fish poisoning incident. | an incident of histamine fish poisoning (hfp) occurred due to the consumption of iwashi maruboshi (dried sardine) in osaka, japan in march 2002. a histamine-producing bacterial strain, ys4-7, was isolated from iwashi maruboshi that contained 1700 mg of histamine per kilogram. this strain was identified as photobacterium phosphoreum by biochemical examinations and partial sequencing of 16s rdna. p. phosphoreum ys4-7 showed greater capability as a histamine producer at 4 and 12 degrees c than morg ... | 2004 | 15033270 |
| mutatox test: a new test for monitoring environmental genotoxic agents. | in this study, yamaska river water and milli-q water and organically extracted sediment extracts were used to evaluate the sensitivity of a new genotoxicity screening test, the mutatox test. also in this study, the samples were tested for acute and chronic toxicity using the following screening test procedures: microtox, daphnia magna, ceriodaphnia reticulata and atp-tox systems. the mutatox test is based on the use of a dark mutant strain of photobacterium phosphoreum and is sensitive to chemic ... | 1990 | 15092256 |
| chemical speciation and toxicity of metals assessed by three bioluminescence-based assays using marine organisms. | metal toxicity is a function of the biology of the target organism and the chemical speciation of the metal. the toxicity of 11 metals was assessed with three cell-based bioassays based on marine organisms: the bacterium photobacterium phosphoreum of the microtox bioassay, an environmental strain of p. phosphoreum, and photocytes isolated from the brittlestar ophiopsila californica. metal speciation was calculated for three commonly used media: nacl-based microtox bioassay medium, artificial sea ... | 2004 | 15101032 |
| ion trap lc/ms characterisation of toxic polar organic pollutants in colour photographic wastewaters and monitoring of their chemical degradation. | liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation-ion trap mass spectrometry (lc/esi-itms) with positive mode of operation was successfully applied to the characterisation of aromatic amines and chelating agents in colour photographic wastewaters. in addition to residual ingredients, monomers and dimers of sulphonated aromatic amines were the main toxic polar organic pollutants found. oxidation of wastewater components by the fenton-like reagent (fe3+ + h2o2) was investigated by continuously pumping ... | 2004 | 15116875 |
| [the effect of clp proteins on dnak-dependent refolding of bacterial luciferases]. | a study was made of the refolding of bacterial luciferases of vibrio fischeri, v. harveyi, photobacterium phosphoreum, and photorhabdus luminescens. by reaction rate, luciferases were divided into two groups. the reaction rate constants of fast luciferases of v. fischeri and ph. phosphoreum were about tenfold higher than those of slow luciferases of ph. luminescens and v. harveyi. the order of increasing luciferase thermostability was ph. phosphoreum, v. fischeri, v. harveyi, and ph. luminescens ... | 2004 | 15285621 |
| explorative multivariate analyses of 16s rrna gene data from microbial communities in modified-atmosphere-packed salmon and coalfish. | modified-atmosphere packaging (map) of foods in combination with low-temperature storage extends product shelf life by limiting microbial growth. we investigated the microbial biodiversity of map salmon and coalfish by using an explorative approach and analyzing both the total amounts of bacteria and the microbial group composition (both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria). real-time pcr analyses revealed a surprisingly large difference in the microbial loads for the different fish samples. the micr ... | 2004 | 15294842 |
| structure of flavoprotein fp390 from a luminescent bacterium photobacterium phosphoreum refined at 2.7 a resolution. | the three-dimensional structure of a flavoprotein, fp(390), from a luminescent bacterium, photobacterium phosphoreum, solved by the molecular-replacement method, was refined to an r factor of 24.0% for 17 433 independent reflections, from 6.0 to 2.7 a resolution, collected by synchrotron radiation. the asymmetric unit of the crystal (space group p4(3)22, a = b = 76.8 and c = 242 a) contains two monomer molecules related by a non-crystallographic twofold axis to form a dimer. there are two q-flav ... | 1996 | 15299728 |
| activity of two histidine decarboxylases from photobacterium phosphoreum at different temperatures, phs, and nacl concentrations. | the major causative agent of scombroid poisoning is histamine formed by bacterial decarboxylation of histidine. the authors reported previously that histamine was exclusively formed by the psychrotrophic halophilic bacteria photobacterium phosphoreum in scombroid fish during storage at or below 10 degrees c. moreover, histamine-forming ability was affected by two histidine decarboxylases: constitutive and inducible enzymes. this article reports the effect of various growth and reaction condition ... | 2004 | 15330542 |
| coregulation of lux genes and riboflavin genes in bioluminescent bacteria of photobacterium phosphoreum. | investigation of the expression of the riboflavin (rib) genes, which are found immediately downstream of luxg in the lux operon in photobacterium phosphoreum, provides more information relevant to the evolution of bioluminescence, as well as to the regulation of supply of flavin substrate for bacterial bioluminescence reactions. in order to answer the question of whether or not the transcriptions of lux and rib genes are integrated, a transcriptional termination assay was performed with p. phosp ... | 2004 | 15459647 |
| characteristic analysis of the ampc gene encoding beta-lactamase from photobacterium phosphoreum. | the ampc gene of photobacterium phosphoreum atcc 11040 was cloned and identified. nucleotide sequence of the regulatory region r&r and the ampc gene (genbank accession no. ay787792) from p. phosphoreum has been determined, and the encoded beta-lactamase is deduced. the beta-lactamase encoded by the ampc gene has a calculated m(r) 31,198 and comprises 285 amino acid residues (pi 7.35). there is a signal peptide of 20 amino acid residues mklrfiastlllsfsqlasa to lead the beta-lactamase secretion, a ... | 2005 | 15596133 |
| dark variants of luminous bacteria whole cell bioluminescent optical fiber sensor to genotoxicants. | a stable dark variant separated from photobacterium phosphoreum (a2) was fixed in agar-gel membrane and immobilized onto an exposed end of a fiber-optic linked with bioluminometer. the variant could emit a luminescent signal in the presence of genotoxic agents, such as mitomycin c (mc). the performance of this whole-cell optical fiber sensor system was examined as a function of several parameters, including gel probe thickness, bacterial cell density, and diameter of the fiber-optic core and wor ... | 2004 | 15641706 |
| photobacterium lipolyticum sp. nov., a bacterium with lipolytic activity isolated from the yellow sea in korea. | a gram-negative, motile, non-spore-forming, pleomorphic and lipolytic bacterial strain, m37t, was isolated from an intertidal sediment of the yellow sea in korea. this organism grew optimally at 25-28 degrees c and in the presence of 1-2 % nacl. it did not grow without nacl or in the presence of more than 6 % nacl. strain m37t was characterized chemotaxonomically by having q-8 as the predominant respiratory lipoquinone and c(16 : 1)omega7c and/or iso-c(15 : 0) 2-oh and c(16 : 0) as the major fat ... | 2005 | 15653897 |
| influence of hydroxypropylcyclodextrins on the toxicity of mixtures. | we studied the influence of hydroxypropylcyclodextrins (hpcds) on the toxicity of some mixtures. using the photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity test, the joint toxicological effect for mixture i (containing p-nitrobenzaldehyde and 1-nitronaphthalene) and mixture ii (containing p-nitrobenzaldehyde and malononitrile) were determined in water and in aqueous solutions of hpcds. the results indicate that, although the toxicological joint effect for mixture i (simple addition) differs from that of mixt ... | 2005 | 15667850 |
| genomic and phylogenetic characterization of luminous bacteria symbiotic with the deep-sea fish chlorophthalmus albatrossis (aulopiformes: chlorophthalmidae). | bacteria forming light-organ symbiosis with deep-sea chlorophthalmid fishes (aulopiformes: chlorophthalmidae) are considered to belong to the species photobacterium phosphoreum. the identification of these bacteria as p. phosphoreum, however, was based exclusively on phenotypic traits, which may not discriminate between phenetically similar but evolutionarily distinct luminous bacteria. therefore, to test the species identification of chlorophthalmid symbionts, we carried out a genomotypic (repe ... | 2005 | 15691950 |
| nonbioluminescent strains of photobacterium phosphoreum produce the cell-to-cell communication signal n-(3-hydroxyoctanoyl)homoserine lactone. | bioluminescence is a common phenotype in marine bacteria, such as vibrio and photobacterium species, and can be quorum regulated by n-acylated homoserine lactones (ahls). we extracted a molecule that induced a bacterial ahl monitor (agrobacterium tumefaciens nt1 [pzlr4]) from packed cod fillets, which spoil due to growth of photobacterium phosphoreum. interestingly, ahls were produced by 13 nonbioluminescent strains of p. phosphoreum isolated from the product. of 177 strains of p. phosphoreum (i ... | 2005 | 15812045 |
| significant histamine formation in tuna (thunnus albacares) at 2 degrees c--effect of vacuum- and modified atmosphere-packaging on psychrotolerant bacteria. | occurrence and importance of psychrotolerant histamine producing bacteria in chilled fresh tuna were demonstrated in the present study. the objective was to evaluate microbial formation of histamine and biogenic amines in chilled fresh tuna from the indian ocean and stored either vacuum-packed (vp) or modified atmosphere-packed (map). firstly, biogenic amines and the dominating microbiota were determined in vp tuna involved in an outbreak of histamine fish poisoning in denmark. secondly, the mic ... | 2005 | 15925710 |
| a simple hydrophobicity-based approach to predict the toxicity of unknown organic micropollutant mixtures in marine water. | in this study, we propose a simple hydrophobicity-based approach to predict the toxicity of mixtures of marine organic micropollutants. fifty mixtures were chosen, comprising individual chemicals randomly chosen from three halogenated benzenes, three phenols, two petroleum hydrocarbons, three polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), four organochlorine pesticides (ocps) and two herbicides, with the intention of simulating the mixtures of organic micropollutants that may exist in some marine waters. the ... | 2005 | 15935177 |
| [conditions that influence bacterial luminescence in the presence of blood serum]. | conditions that influence the luminescence of natural and recombinant luminescent bacteria in the presence of blood serum were studied. in general, blood serum quenched the luminescence of the marine photobacterium phosphoreum and the recombinant escherichia coli strains harboring the luminescent system genes of photobacterium leiognathi, but enhanced the luminescence of the soil bacterium photorhabdus luminescens zm1 and the recombinant e. coli strain harboring the lux operon of p. luminescens ... | 2005 | 15938395 |
| bioluminescence-mediated stimulation of photoreactivation in bacteria. | although biochemistry and genetics of light emission by cells have been investigated in detail, a biological role for bacterial luminescence has remained obscure for a long time. it was proposed recently that luminescence may stimulate dna repair, but the specific mechanism of this phenomenon was not investigated. moreover, experiments showing decreased survival of uv-irradiated lux mutants relative to luminescent cells were performed previously using only one bacterial species, vibrio harveyi. ... | 2005 | 16040205 |
| phylogenetic resolution and habitat specificity of members of the photobacterium phosphoreum species group. | substantial ambiguity exists regarding the phylogenetic status of facultatively psychrophilic luminous bacteria identified as photobacterium phosphoreum, a species thought to be widely distributed in the world's oceans and believed to be the specific bioluminescent light-organ symbiont of several deep-sea fishes. members of the p. phosphoreum species group include luminous and non-luminous strains identified phenotypically from a variety of different habitats as well as phylogenetically defined ... | 2005 | 16156737 |
| statistical optimization of bioluminescence of photobacterium phosphoreum kctc2852. | in this study, media optimization by statistically designed experiments stimulated an increase in the intensity and stability of bioluminescence of photobacterium phosphoreum kctc 2852 during continuous cultivation. the plackett-burman design method selected two components (nacl, yeast extract) among nine components of the seawater complete (sc) medium. the response-surface design method calculated the optimum concentration of nacl (31.1 g/l) and yeast extract (5.1 g/l). in the optimized medium, ... | 2001 | 16233061 |
| suitability of bifidobacteria and thymol as biopreservatives in extending the shelf life of fresh packed plaice fillets. | the present study was aimed to evaluate the microbiological and sensory characteristics of biopreserved packed fresh plaice (pleuronectes platessa), during storage. | 2005 | 16313401 |
| planktonic marine luminous bacteria: species distribution in the water column. | luminous bacteria were isolated from oceanic water samples taken throughout the upper 1,000 m and ranged in density from 0.4 to 30 colony-forming units per 100 ml. generally, two peaks in abundance were detected: one in the upper 100 m of the water column, which consisted primarily of beneckea spp.; and a second between 250 and 1,000 m, which consisted almost entirely of photobacterium phosphoreum. the population of p. phosphoreum remained relatively stable in abundance at one station that was v ... | 1980 | 16345502 |
| distribution and identification of luminous bacteria from the sargasso sea. | vibrio fischeri and lucibacterium harveyi constituted 75 of the 83 luminous bacteria isolated from sargasso sea surface waters. photobacterium leiognathi and photobacterium phosphoreum constituted the remainder of the isolates. luminescent bacteria were recovered at concentrations of 1 to 63 cells per 100 ml from water samples collected at depths of 160 to 320 m. two water samples collected at the thermocline yielded larger numbers of viable, aerobic heterotrophic and luminous bacteria. luminesc ... | 1980 | 16345575 |
| identification of vibrio splendidus as a member of the planktonic luminous bacteria from the persian gulf and kuwait region with luxa probes. | hybridization probes specific for the luxa genes of four groups of luminous bacteria were used to screen luminous isolates obtained from the persian gulf, near al khiran, kuwait nine of these isolates were identified as vibrio harveyi, a commonly encountered planktonic isolate, while three others showed no hybridization to any of the four probes (v. harveyi, vibrio fischeri, photobacterium phosphoreum, or photobacterium leiognathi) under high-stringency conditions. polymerase chain reaction ampl ... | 1993 | 16349023 |
| [inhibitory effects of phenolic ecotoxicants on photobacteria at various ph values]. | kinetic characteristics of light emission by intact cells of the photobacteria photobacterium phosphoreum and vibrio harveyi at ph 5.5, 7.0, and 8.0 were studied as well as specific features of inhibitory effects of 2,4-di- and 2,4,5-triphenoxyacetic acids (2,4-d and 2,4,5-t), pentachlorophenol (pcp), and 2,6-dimethylphenol (2,6-dmp) at the same ph values. nonstationarity of emission kinetics was observed at all the ph values studied. exponential luminescence decay in a 60-sec range was observed ... | 2005 | 16358753 |
| characterization of volatile compounds in chilled cod (gadus morhua) fillets by gas chromatography and detection of quality indicators by an electronic nose. | volatile compounds in cod fillets packed in styrofoam boxes were analyzed during chilled storage (0.5 degrees c) by gas chromatography (gc)-mass spectrometry and gc-olfactometry to screen potential quality indicators present in concentrations high enough for detection by an electronic nose. photobacterium phosphoreum dominated the spoilage bacteria on day 12 when the fillets were rejected by sensory analysis. ketones, mainly 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, were detected in the highest level (33%) at senso ... | 2005 | 16366707 |
| isolation of the in vivo emitter in bacterial bioluminescence. | a blue fluorescence protein has been isolated and purified from extracts of the luminous bacterium photobacterium phosphoreum. it is a single polypeptide of molecular weight 22,000 with absorption maxima at 274 and 418 nm. it is efficiently fluorescent (varphi(f) 0.45), with a fully corrected spectral maximum (476 nm) and distribution identical to the in vivo bioluminescence from this same type of bacterium. at low concentration this fluorescence shifts towards the red and becomes identical to t ... | 1978 | 16592497 |
| separation and structure of the prosthetic group of the blue fluorescence protein from the bioluminescent bacterium photobacterium phosphoreum. | the highly fluorescent prosthetic group of the blue fluorescence protein purified from the bioluminescent bacterium photobacterium phosphoreum has been dissociated and separated from its apoprotein by affinity chromatography on cibacron blue-sepharose. it has been identified as 6,7-dimethyl-8-(1'-d-ribityl)lumazine by several methods of characterization, all of which gave results identical to those for an authentic sample. in neutral solution, absorption maxima are at 407, 275 (shoulder), and 25 ... | 1979 | 16592674 |
| acyl-acyl carrier protein as a source of fatty acids for bacterial bioluminescence. | pulse-chase experiments with [(3)h]tetradecanoic acid and atp showed that the bioluminescence-related 32-kda acyltransferase from vibrio harveyi can specifically catalyze the deacylation of a (3)h-labeled 18-kda protein observed in extracts of this bacterium. the 18-kda protein has been partially purified and its physical and chemical properties strongly indicate that it is fatty acyl-acyl carrier protein (acyl-acp). both this v. harveyi [(3)h]acylprotein and [(3)h]palmitoyl-acp from escherichia ... | 1985 | 16593602 |
| formation of histamine and biogenic amines in cold-smoked tuna: an investigation of psychrotolerant bacteria from samples implicated in cases of histamine fish poisoning. | two outbreaks and a single case of histamine fish poisoning associated with cold-smoked tuna (cst) were reported in denmark during 2004. the bacteria most likely responsible for histamine formation in cst implicated in histamine fish poisoning was identified for the first time in this study. product characteristics and profiles of biogenic amines in the implicated products were also recorded. in the single poisoning case, psychrotolerant morganella morganii-like bacteria most likely was responsi ... | 2006 | 16629036 |
| biogenic amine formation and microbial spoilage in chilled garfish (belone belone belone)--effect of modified atmosphere packaging and previous frozen storage. | to evaluate biogenic amine formation and microbial spoilage in fresh and thawed chilled garfish. | 2006 | 16834594 |
| rapid and onsite bod sensing system using luminous bacterial cells-immobilized chip. | a bod monitoring system based on a bio-chip which immobilized luminous bacterium in micrometer-order holes were arrayed and fabricated by micro-machine techniques, was developed. the acrylic chip (3 cmx3 cm) comprises nine micro-holes (diameter: 700 microm or 1 mm, depth: 100 microm) arranged in a three by three array. cells of the marine luminous bacterium, photobacterium phosphoreum ifo 13896, which was grown at 15 degrees c for 15 h, were immobilized with 3% or 15% sodium alginate gel. bod st ... | 2007 | 16846732 |
| influence of storage temperature on microbial spoilage characteristics of haddock fillets (melanogrammus aeglefinus) evaluated by multivariate quality prediction. | the proliferation of specific spoilage organisms (sso) and quality changes were evaluated in haddock fillets stored in styrofoam boxes at 0, 7 and 15 degrees c and under temperature fluctuations. a rapid electronic nose technique was used to monitor different classes of compounds, representing microbial metabolites that were characteristic for the onset of spoilage odors. photobacterium phosphoreum predominated among the spoilage bacteria and high levels of tvb-n were observed at sensory rejecti ... | 2006 | 16889858 |
| cloning and sequencing of the histidine decarboxylase gene from photobacterium phosphoreum and its functional expression in escherichia coli. | the major causative agent of scombroid poisoning is histamine formed by bacterial decarboxylation of histidine. we reported previously that histamine was exclusively formed by the psychrotrophic halophilic bacteria photobacterium phosphoreum in scombroid fish during storage at or below 10 degrees c. moreover, histamine-forming ability was affected by two histidine decarboxylases (hdcs): constitutive and inducible enzymes. in this study, the gene encoding p. phosphoreum hdc was cloned into escher ... | 2006 | 16924898 |
| effect of bacterial interactions on the spoilage of cold-smoked salmon. | cold-smoked salmon is a lightly preserved fish product in which a mixed microbial flora develops during storage and where the interactive behaviour of micro-organisms may contribute to their growth and spoilage activity. the aim of this study was to assess the effect of the bacterial interactions between the main species contaminating the cold-smoked salmon on bacterial growth, chemical and sensory changes, and spoilage. first, carnobacterium piscicola, photobacterium phosphoreum, lactobacillus ... | 2006 | 16949172 |
| eliminating toxic compounds by composting olive mill wastewater-straw mixtures. | the present work studies the changes occurring in organic matter, phenols and biotoxicity on composting olive mill wastewater with barley straw. the total organic matter decreased, a drop of 25% was reached after the stabilization phase and 52% at the end of the maturation phase. degradation of the phenols reached 54% and 95%, respectively, after these periods. the toxicity of the water extract, evaluated by the photobacterium phosphoreum fluorescence, decreased to disappear after only 2 months ... | 2006 | 16973264 |
| [joint toxicity on multi-component mixtures of sds and substituted aromatic compounds]. | the toxicity to photobacterium phosphoreum of different mixture systems of sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) and three substituted aromatic compounds according to equiconcentration ratio of 1 : 1, as well as individual toxicity, were determined respectively. the joint toxicity was evaluated by toxicity unit (tu), additive index (ai), similarity parameter (lambda), and mixtures toxicity index (mti). four evaluating methods were compared and the modes of joint action of different systems were analyzed ... | 2006 | 17111627 |
| characterisation of the dominant bacterial population in modified atmosphere packaged farmed halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus) based on 16s rdna-dgge. | it is not well understood why atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus) has longer shelf-life than most other white fish species. our approach was to examine the microbiological diversity of the spoilage microbiota during modified atmosphere (ma) packaging of farmed atlantic halibut. portions were packaged with gas mixtures of co(2):n(2) and co(2):o(2) (50%:50%) and with air as a reference. the packages were stored at 4 degrees c and samples were taken 6 times during the 23 days of storage. a ... | 2007 | 17189762 |
| histidine decarboxylases and their role in accumulation of histamine in tuna and dried saury. | histamine-producing bacteria (hpb) such as photobacterium phosphoreum and raoultella planticola possess histidine decarboxylase (hdc), which converts histidine into histamine. histamine fish poisoning (hfp) is attributable to the ingestion of fish containing high levels of histamine produced by hpb. because freezing greatly decreases the histamine-producing ability of hpb, especially of p. phosphoreum, it has been speculated that hfp is caused by hdc itself from hpb cells autolyzing during froze ... | 2007 | 17220267 |
| mechanistic evidence and efficiency of the cr(vi) reduction in water by different sources of zerovalent irons. | the objective of this research was to assess the mechanism and effectiveness of the zerovalent iron (zvi) to remediate the cr(vi) contaminated water. the mechanism of cr(vi) reduction by zvi was evaluated by characterising surface properties and chemical compositions of fe and cr products using sem-eds, xrd and xps analyses. the effectiveness of zvi in cr(vi) reduction was assessed by the luminescent bacteria (photobacterium phosphoreum). the cr(vi) was reduced to cr(iii), when the reactive fe(o ... | 2007 | 17305140 |
| [toxicity reduction of synthetic municipal wastewater treated by anaerobic, anoxic or aerobic reactors]. | bioassay with photobacterium phosphoreum was used to evaluate the toxicity of municipal wastewater. the toxicity reduction capabilities of three biological treatment processes (anaerobic reactor, anoxic reactor and aerobic reactor) treating the synthetic municipal wastewater were studied. seven compounds including toluene, p-xylene, o-xylene, indole, pyridine, cyclohexanone and benzenepropanoic acid were selected to represent the main organic toxicants in the municipal wastewater. the gc-ms anal ... | 2006 | 17326447 |
| quantitative structure-activity relationships and mixture toxicity of substituted benzaldehydes to photobacterium phosphoreum. | 2007 | 17541483 | |
| the bacterial flora of vacuum-packed cold-smoked salmon stored at 7 degrees c, identified by direct 16s rrna gene analysis and pure culture technique. | the indigenous flora of freshly chilled cold-smoked salmon just after the vacuum packaging, and the spoilage flora after storage, in vacuum package at 7 degrees c for 19 days, were to be investigated with two different sampling strategies. | 2007 | 17584457 |
| a bioluminescent signal system: detection of chemical toxicants in water. | prototype technologies of a bioluminescent signal system (bss) based on the luminous bacterium photobacterium phosphoreum and three enzymatic bioluminescence systems have been proposed for detecting and signalling the presence of toxicants in water systems. a number of pesticides, mostly known as poisonous substances, similar in their structures and physicochemical properties, have been taken as model compounds of chemical agents. the effect of toxicants (organophosphates, derivatives of dithioc ... | 2007 | 17603816 |
| toxicity change patterns and its mechanism during the degradation of nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds by o(3)/uv. | many nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds (nhcs) are toxic and recalcitrant contaminants that need to be degraded by advanced oxidation processes. in this study, quinoline, isoquinoline and indole were selected to investigate their toxicity patterns during the degradation by o(3)/uv. it was found that for all the three nhcs there was some h(2)o(2) formed in the degradation process, which caused the sharp increase of toxicity to photobacterium phosphoreum. the toxicity decreasing patterns after h(2)o( ... | 2007 | 17604078 |
| biodegradability and ecotoxicity of amine oxide based surfactants. | the aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability as well as the aquatic toxicity of two fatty amine oxides and one fatty amido amine oxide were investigated. aerobic biodegradation was evaluated using the co(2) headspace test (iso 14593) and biodegradation under anaerobic conditions was assessed employing a standardised batch test. the three amine oxide based surfactants tested were readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions but only the alkyl amido amine oxide was found to be easily biodegradable ... | 2007 | 17631946 |
| purification, cloning, and expression of an alpha/beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase from a luminous marine bacterium, photobacterium phosphoreum. | a novel sialyltransferase, alpha/beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase, was purified from the cell lysate of a luminous marine bacterium, photobacterium phosphoreum jt-ish-467, isolated from the japanese common squid (todarodes pacificus). the gene encoding the enzyme was cloned from the genomic library of the bacterium using probes derived from the nh(2)-terminal and internal amino acid sequences. an open reading frame of 409 amino acids was identified, and the sequence had 32% identity ... | 2007 | 17702755 |
| an algal toxicity database of organic toxicants derived by a closed-system technique. | the current study presents the toxicity data of 90 organic compounds with various modes of actions to pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. the assessment was conducted using a closed-system technique, and a biomass-type end point based on the cell density was employed. the above toxicity data were compared with test results from ciliate (tetrahymena pyriformis), water flea (daphnia magna), fish (pimephales promelas), and luminescent bacteria (photobacterium phosphoreum). satisfactory correlation rel ... | 2007 | 17705651 |
| bioluminescent monitoring of detoxification processes: activity of humic substances in quinone solutions. | this study deals with application of bioluminescent assay systems to evaluate the detoxifying effect of humic substances (hs) on the solutions of organic oxidizers - quinones. a series of homologous quinones with different redox characteristics: 1,4-benzoquinone, tetrafluoro-1,4-benzoquinone, methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, tetramethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, and 1,4-naphtoquinone, was used. bioluminescent bacteria photobacterium phosphoreum, and nadh:fmn-oxidoreductase-luciferase enzyme system isolated from ... | 2007 | 17716903 |
| photobacterium kishitanii sp. nov., a luminous marine bacterium symbiotic with deep-sea fishes. | six representatives of a luminous bacterium commonly found in association with deep, cold-dwelling marine fishes were isolated from the light organs and skin of different fish species. these bacteria were gram-negative, catalase-positive, and weakly oxidase-positive or oxidase-negative. morphologically, cells of these strains were coccoid or coccoid-rods, occurring singly or in pairs, and motile by means of polar flagellation. after growth on seawater-based agar medium at 22 degrees c for 18 h, ... | 2007 | 17766874 |
| toxicity of urban highway runoff with respect to storm duration. | the toxicity of stormwater runoff during various time-based stages was measured in both grab and composite samples collected from three highly urbanized highway sites in los angeles, california between 2002 and 2005. stormwater runoff samples were tested for toxicity using three freshwater species (the water flea ceriodaphnia dubia, the fathead minnow pimephales promelas, and the green algae pseudokirchneriella subcapitatum) and two marine species (the purple sea urchin strongylocentrotus purpur ... | 2008 | 17920106 |
| microflora assessments using pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of ozone-treated and modified-atmosphere-packaged farmed cod fillets. | denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) of a pcr-amplified 16s rdna sequence was used to characterize changes in the microbial flora caused by ozone (o3) treatment of farmed cod (gadus morhua). portions of cod were produced under controlled conditions, bathed in fresh water supplemented with 2 ppm of o3 for 30 min, and packaged in modified atmosphere (ma: 60% co2 and 40% n2) before 4 degrees c storage. control samples were packaged in ma or air, without prior o3 treatment. samples were an ... | 2007 | 18044421 |
| fate and effects of amphoteric surfactants in the aquatic environment. | amphoteric surfactants form part of specialty surfactants available for formulators to improve or design new formulations in response to environmental, toxicity, safety and performance demands. nevertheless, limited information on the ecological properties of amphoterics is available. in the present work, the aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability and the aquatic toxicity of different types of amphoteric surfactants (three alkyl betaines, one alkylamido betaine and three alkyl imidazoline deriva ... | 2008 | 18456334 |
| prepared bed bioremediation of oily sludge in an oilfield in northern china. | field-scale bioremediation of oily sludge in prepared beds was studied at shengli oilfield in northern china. the influence of manure, coarse sand, sawdust, a specialized microbial preparation and greenhouse conditions on the efficiency of removal of oil and grease was evaluated. after bioremediation for 230d, oil and grease content fell by 32-42gkg(-1)dry sludge in treated plots, indicating removal of 27-46% compared with only 15% in the control plot. addition of manure, coarse sand, sawdust an ... | 2009 | 18572312 |
| a novel bod sensor based on bacterial luminescence. | a reagent-type bod sensor with a new principle employing a luminous bacterium, photobacterium phosphoreum, was developed. the increased intensity of luminescence resulting from the cellular assimilation of organic compounds in wastewater was detected by a photodiode. the bod response of the bacterial reagent could be obtained within 15 min with +/-7% error. the temperature condition for optimal bod response was 18 degrees to 25 degrees c at ph 7 to 8, indicating that it is possible to measure bo ... | 1993 | 18601297 |
| location of lectin exhibiting specificity for n-acetyl-d-galactosamine in cells of the symbiotic marine bacteria photobacterium phosphoreum. | 2008 | 18680915 | |
| study on the synergic effect of natural compounds on the microbial quality decay of packed fish hamburger. | the effectiveness of natural compounds in slowing down the microbial quality decay of refrigerated fish hamburger is addressed in this study. in particular, the control of the microbiological spoilage by combined use of three antimicrobials, and the determination of their optimal composition to extend the fish hamburger microbiological stability limit (mal) are the main objectives of this work. thymol, grapefruit seed extract (gfse) and lemon extract were tested for monitoring the cell growth of ... | 2008 | 18804302 |
| photocatalytic disinfection of marine bacteria using fluorescent light. | photocatalytic oxidation (pco) using fluorescent light was used to disinfect two marine bacteria: alteromonas alvinellae and photobacterium phosphoreum. results showed that p. phosphoreum exhibited a lower susceptibility towards pco than a. alvinellae, which was related to their fatty acid profiles and levels of superoxide dismutase (sod) and catalase (cat). results also revealed that cat and sod levels would be triggered by pco reaction. in addition, pco disinfection efficiency could be enhance ... | 2008 | 18842281 |
| [biotests for mineral waters with natural and recombinant luminescent microorganisms]. | we have developed methods of biotesting mineral waters involving use of natural or recombinant luminescent strains with elimination of the effect of salt concentration and ph. to overcome the adverse effect of high salt concentrations, disguising the action of chemical pollutants, a special method of mineral water sample preparation is proposed. in this method, the marine luminescent bacterium photobacterium phosphoreum (microbiosensor b17 677f) is used as a test object. samples to be analyzed a ... | 2008 | 18924408 |
| biodegradability and toxicity of sulphonate-based surfactants in aerobic and anaerobic aquatic environments. | four types of commonly used sulphonate-based surfactants (alkane sulphonates, alpha-olefin sulphonates, sulphosuccinates and methyl ester sulphonates) were tested for their aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability as well as for their toxicity to daphnia magna and photobacterium phosphoreum to assess the effect of the surfactant structure on those properties. aerobic biodegradation was evaluated by means of the co2 headspace test and anaerobic biodegradation was assessed by a method based on the e ... | 2009 | 18976786 |
| 15n metabolic test for the determination of phytotoxic effects of chemicals and contaminated environmental samples. | a stable isotope(15)n-nitrogen test (esima = ecotoxicological stable isotope metabolic assay) was developed to assess biological effects and the potential toxicological hazard of chemicals and contaminated environmental samples on plant metabolism. the assay measures the effect of toxicants on the incorporation of a(15)n labelled tracer into the total nitrogen fraction (both the nonprotein and protein fraction) of plants. segments of pisum arvense epicotyls are used as test substrates because of ... | 1999 | 19009406 |
| evaluation of the ecotoxicity of model nanoparticles. | since society at large became aware of the use of nanomaterials in ever growing quantities in consumer products and their presence in the environment, critical interest in the impact of this emerging technology has grown. the main concern is whether the unknown risks of engineered nanoparticles (nps), in particular their impact on health and environment, outweighs their established benefits for society. therefore, a key issue in this field is to evaluate their potential toxicity. in this context ... | 2009 | 19264345 |
| effect of increasing nitrobenzene loading rates on the performance of anaerobic migrating blanket reactor and sequential anaerobic migrating blanket reactor/completely stirred tank reactor system. | a laboratory scale anaerobic migrating blanket reactor (ambr) reactor was operated at nitrobenzene (nb) loading rates increasing from 3.33 to 66.67 g nb/m(3)day and at a constant hydraulic retention time (hrt) of 6 days to observe the effects of increasing nb concentrations on chemical oxygen demand (cod), nb removal efficiencies, bicarbonate alkalinity, volatile fatty acid (vfa) accumulation and methane gas percentage. moreover, the effect of an aerobic completely stirred tank reactor (cstr) re ... | 2009 | 19286317 |
| crystal structure of alpha/beta-galactoside alpha2,3-sialyltransferase from a luminous marine bacterium, photobacterium phosphoreum. | alpha/beta-galactoside alpha2,3-sialyltransferase produced by photobacterium phosphoreum jt-ish-467 is a unique enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of n-acetylneuraminic acid residue from cytidine monophosphate n-acetylneuraminic acid to acceptor carbohydrate groups. the enzyme recognizes both mono- and di-saccharides as acceptor substrates, and can transfer neu5ac to both alpha-galactoside and beta-galactoside, efficiently. to elucidate the structural basis for the broad acceptor substrate speci ... | 2009 | 19467231 |
| a novel packaging method with a dissolving co(2) headspace combined with organic acids prolongs the shelf life of fresh salmon. | the aim of this study was to evaluate a novel packaging method for fresh fish and to determine its effect on the bacterial growth in fresh salmon. fresh salmon was packed with a small amount of 100% co(2) (gas/product ratio 0.2/1.0 v/v) and a brine solution containing various combinations of citric acid (3% w/w, ph 5), acetic acid (1% w/w, ph 5) and cinnamaldehyde (200 microg/ml). total bacterial counts, counts of sulphur reducing bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and enterobacteriaceae as well as ... | 2009 | 19523706 |
| quality changes of prerigor filleted atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) packaged in modified atmosphere using co2 emitter, traditional map, and vacuum. | pieces of prerigor salmon fillets were packaged in modified atmosphere (60% co(2) and 40% n(2)) and in vacuum. the ma packages had a gas to product volume ratio (g/p ratio) of 3/1 (traditional map) and 1/1 (packaged with a co(2) emitter). all the samples were stored at 1.2 degrees c for 25 d. the ma packages had lower bacterial growth during storage compared to vacuum packages. the analyses of 16s rrna at day 22 indicated a similar bacterial diversity, independent of packaging methods, dominated ... | 2009 | 19723208 |
| effect of brining, modified atmosphere packaging, and superchilling on the shelf life of cod (gadus morhua) loins. | the aim of these experiments was to evaluate the effect of brining, modified atmosphere packaging (map), and superchilling on the quality changes of cod loins as measured by microbial, sensory, and chemical analysis. unbrined and brined (2.5 +/- 1.0% nacl) cod loins were kept in styrofoam boxes (air) and under modified atmosphere (ma, co(2)/o(2)/n(2): 50/5/45) at 0, -2, and -3.6 degrees c. samples were examined over a 4-wk period. total viable psychrotrophic counts and counts of h(2)s-producing ... | 2009 | 19723210 |