Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| studies in pullorum disease: xviii. comparison of centrifuged and incubated tests. | 1947 | 17648267 | |
| studies in pullorum disease: xix. examination of colonies from regular and variant form subcultures of salmonella pullorum. | 1947 | 17648285 | |
| studies in pullorum disease: xx. attempts to produce form variation in salmonella pullorum and to differentiate the forms by growth on serum agar. | 1948 | 17648314 | |
| studies in pullorum disease: xxi response to oral infection with salmonella pullorum in comparable groups of turkeys and chickens. | 1948 | 17648317 | |
| studies in pullorum disease: xxi. response to oral infection with salmonella pullorum in comparable groups of turkeys and chickens. | 1948 | 17648323 | |
| studies in pullorum: xxi. response to oral infection with salmonella pullorum in comparable groups of turkeys and chickens. | 1948 | 17648327 | |
| studies in pullorum disease: xxii. technical of the in direct complete-fixation test for activity with salmonella pullorum antigens. | 1948 | 17648333 | |
| studies in pullorum disease: xxiii. infection of adult turkeys by mouth and by contact with infected hens. | 1949 | 17648396 | |
| studies in pullorum disease: xxiv. a comparison of titers obtained by indirect complement fixation and agglutination methods for chicken sera. | 1949 | 17648413 | |
| studies on pullorum disease. | 1950 | 17648468 | |
| studies in pullorum disease: xxix. bacteriological examination of blowflies (lucilia sp.) and houseflies (musca domestica) which during their larval stage had fed on chicks infected with salmonella pullorum. | 1952 | 17648554 | |
| efficiency of a quarternary ammonium-glycol mixture against newcastle disease virus and salmonella pullorum. | 1953 | 17648632 | |
| studies in pullorum disease. xxxi. a possible method of examining chick down for the presence of salmonella pullorum. | 1953 | 17648635 | |
| studies in pullorum disease. xxxii. infection of adult turkeys with single and multiple oral doses of mixed forms of salmonella pullorum. | 1953 | 17648638 | |
| nitrofuran production efficiency in chickens. | two nitrofuran feed additives, 0.011% nihydrazone and a combination of 0.0055% nitrofurazone and 0.0008% furazolidone, improved weight gains and feed conversions in chickens with "air sac infection." both nitrofurans caused a significant reduction in the total chickens condemned at the dressing plant from this disease, but nihydrazone gave the best results. nihydrazone(*), a new nitrofuran feed additive for chickens, was found by wolfgang et al. (1) to be effective against coccidiosis due to eim ... | 1962 | 17649352 |
| [not available]. | 1948 | 18108839 | |
| [not available]. | 1948 | 18108840 | |
| studies in pullorum disease; infection of adult turkeys by mouth and by contact with infected hens. | 1949 | 18119123 | |
| effect of sodium sulfamerazine on salmonella pullorum. | 1949 | 18128445 | |
| [not available]. | 1949 | 18152594 | |
| health evaluation of free-ranging humboldt penguins (spheniscus humboldti) in peru. | as part of ongoing ecological studies of humboldt penguins (spheniscus humboldti) at punta san juan, ica department, peru, health surveys were conducted in november 1992, 1993, and 1994. in the three surveys, 98 birds in total were handled for examination, and blood was collected for laboratory analysis from 90 of these birds. all birds seemed to be in good condition. body weights of females were significantly lower in 1994 than in the other years. fleas (parapsyllus humboldti) and ticks (ornith ... | 2008 | 18459309 |
| molecular diagnosis of salmonella species in captive psittacine birds. | cloacal swabs were collected from 280 captive psittacine birds belonging to 13 species. samples of dna were tested by pcr using a pair of primers that amplify a 284 base pair fragment of the salmonella genus inva gene, and the pcr-positive samples were tested by standard microbiological techniques. thirteen per cent of the samples were positive by pcr, but negative by microbiological techniques. the infection rates were significantly different among the 13 species, the most commonly infected bei ... | 2008 | 18567929 |
| examination by elisa of sera obtained from chicken breeder and layer flocks showing evidence of fowl typhoid or pullorum disease. | an indirect elisa using soluble whole cell antigen was used to screen serum samples obtained from breeder and layer flocks some of which had shown clinical or bacteriological evidence of infection with salmonella gallinarum or s. pullorum. there was good correlation between salmonella infection and the presence of serum samples showing high optical density (od) values. sera from seven flocks showing high values were retested using group d (0-1, 9, 12) lipopolysaccharide (lps) and g,m-h flagella ... | 1995 | 18645798 |
| salmonella control--past, present and future. | the perception of salmonella infection as a problem to the poultry industry has changed as the industry itself has changed. other factors include increasing awareness of health and food quality. acquisition of more information on the microbiology of salmonella and the epidemiology of infection in poultry and man, have not, with a few exceptions, enabled us to eliminate salmonella from poultry and from the food chain. control of the poultry pathogens s. pullorum and s. gallinarum, the major patho ... | 1993 | 18671051 |
| stronger in vitro phagocytosis by monocytes-macrophages is indicative of greater pathogen clearance and antibody levels in vivo. | monocytes-macrophages are crucial players in specific and nonspecific immune responses to protect organisms from invasion of bacteria or viruses. in this study, monocytes in circulation from 2 lines of silky and starbro chickens with different disease resistance were separated and cultured in vitro. after identification with acridine orange (ao), giemsa staining, and cd14 immunostaining, monocytes-macrophages were used for adherence and phagocytosis test. the overall percentages of adherence of ... | 2008 | 18753439 |
| evaluation of the efficacy of apramycin against salmonella pullorum infection in chickens. | the efficacy of apramycin given orally at dose levels of 225, 150 and 75 mg/litre for five days to chicks experimentally infected with salmonella pullorum has been evaluated. the results show that this drug, when utilised at the dose level of 225 mg/litre for five days, totally suppresses mortality and significantly reduces salmonella excretion in comparison with non-treated chicks. | 1987 | 18766617 |
| the rearing and maintenance of breeding chickens in isolators: 1. glass fibre isolators. | a method of 'rearing and maintaining chickens from day old to 80 weeks of age free from infectious bronchitis, newcastle disease, infectious avian encephalomyelitis, celo and gal viruses, lymphoid leukosis, marek's disease, mycoplasma gallisepticum, salmonella pullorum and other salmonella spp., staphylococcus aureus, eimeria spp. and helminths is described. the advantages of glass fibre isolators each with its own ventilation system are outlined. | 1972 | 18777370 |
| the control of pullorum disease. | 1947 | 18859870 | |
| studies in pullorum disease; attempts to produce form variation in salmonella pullorum and to differentiate the forms by growth on serum agar. | 1948 | 18863305 | |
| non-pullorum agglutination reactions; reactions with pullorum antigen from fowl inoculated with coliform types. | 1948 | 18863310 | |
| studies in pullorum disease; response to oral infection with salmonella pullorum in comparable groups of turkeys and chickens. | 1948 | 18863315 | |
| studies in pullorum disease; technique of the indirect complement-fixation test for activity with salmonella pullorum antigens. | 1948 | 18863318 | |
| the suitability of salmonella pullorum strains used in the agglutination test for pullorum disease control. | 1948 | 18863386 | |
| further notes on variation in salmonella pullorum. | 1948 | 18873074 | |
| arthritis in turkeys associated with salmonella pullorum. | 1948 | 18895337 | |
| relationship between titres of antipullorum chicken and turkey sera obtained by the indirect complement-fixation and agglutination method. | 1948 | 18907305 | |
| studies in pullorum disease; response to oral infection with salmonella pullorum in comparable groups of turkeys and chickens. | 1948 | 18912223 | |
| studies in pullorum disease; response to oral infection with salmonella pullorum in comparable groups of turkeys and chickens. | 1948 | 18913894 | |
| response to oral infection with salmonella pullorum in comparable groups of turkeys and chickens. | 1948 | 18933280 | |
| cross agglutination between salmonella pullorum and paracolon types isolated from fowl. | 1948 | 18933290 | |
| the immunobiology of avian systemic salmonellosis. | avian systemic salmonellosis is primarily caused by salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum and serovar pullorum causing the diseases fowl typhoid and pullorum disease respectively. during infection interaction with the immune system occurs in three main phases. first is invasion via the gastrointestinal tract. infection with s. pullorum or s. gallinarum does not cause substantial inflammation, unlike s. typhimurium or s. enteritidis. through in vitro models it was found that s. gallinarum does n ... | 2009 | 19070366 |
| capillary and microchip gel electrophoresis for simultaneous detection of salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum by rfbs allele-specific pcr. | we report the use of capillary gel electrophoresis (cge) based on a rfbs allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the analysis and simultaneous detection of salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum, which are the major bacterial pathogens in poultry. rfbs allele-specific pcr was used to concurrently amplify two specific 147- and 187-bp dna fragments for the simultaneous detection of s. pullorum and s. gallinarum at an annealing temperature of 54+/-1 degrees c and an mgcl(2) conce ... | 2007 | 19073049 |
| diseases of backyard turkeys in the mexican tropics. | with the purpose of identifying the causes of disease and death in backyard turkeys, 768 interviews with growers were carried out in communities of the coastal region of oaxaca, mexico. later, a clinical sanitary evaluation was performed on five randomly selected turkeys of different age and sex. the laboratory tests included: necropsy for clinical diagnosis of diseases and for a histopathological examination of tissues with macroscopic lesions to identify microscopic lesions; hemagglutination i ... | 2008 | 19120252 |
| experimental salmonella enterica serovar pullorum infection in two commercial varieties of laying hens. | an experiment was carried out to investigate the biology of salmonella pullorum in two varieties of laying hens, from 5 days of age up to 9 months. one variety was resistant to systemic salmonellosis (light layers producing white eggs) and the other was considered susceptible (brown layers producing brown eggs). the brown birds were more affected by the infection, showing signs of clinical disease in the first month of life. later, these signs disappeared, but postmortem examination revealed per ... | 2001 | 19184886 |
| relative transport behavior of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica serovar pullorum in packed bed column systems: influence of solution chemistry and cell concentration. | the influence of solution chemistry and cell concentration on bacterial transport has been examined using salmonella pullorum sa1685 and escherichia coli o157:h7. a column was employed to determine the transport behavior and deposition kinetics with aquifer sand over a range of ionic strengths and cell concentrations. o157:h7 was found to be more adhesive than sa1685, with calculated deposition rate coefficients higher than those of sa1685. comprehensive cell surface characterization techniques ... | 2009 | 19368180 |
| search for salmonella spp. in ostrich productive chain of brazilian southeast region. | we analyzed ostriches from an equipped farm located in the brazilian southeast region for the presence of salmonella spp. this bacterium was investigated in 80 samples of ostrich droppings, 90 eggs, 30 samples of feed and 30 samples of droppings from rodents. additionally, at slaughter-house this bacterium was investigated in droppings, caecal content, spleen, liver and carcasses from 90 slaughtered ostriches from the studied farm. also, blood serum of those animals were harvested and submitted ... | 2009 | 19390983 |
| prevalence of salmonella in vegetables from mexico. | the present study is an overview of the role of vegetables as a transmission vehicle of salmonella in mexico. one hundred samples of each of 17 different vegetables were analyzed during a period of 18 months. salmonella was isolated from 98 samples. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium was isolated from the highest percentage of samples with typeable salmonella isolates (23.9%), followed by s. enterica subsp. arizonae and salmonella choleraesuis each from 16.9%, salmonella gallinarum from 11. ... | 2009 | 19610340 |
| identification of salmonella pullorum genomic sequences using suppression subtractive hybridization. | pullorum disease affecting poultry is caused by salmonella enterica serovar pullorum and results in severe economic loss every year, especially in countries with a developing poultry industry. the pathogenesis of s. pullorum is not yet well defined, as the specific virulence factors still need to be identified. thus, to isolate specific dna fragments belonging to s. pullorum, this study used suppression subtractive hybridization. as such, the genome of the s. pullorum c79-13 strain was subtracte ... | 2009 | 19809245 |
| effects of methyltestosterone on immunity against salmonella pullorum in dwarf chicks. | this study was conducted to determine effects of methyltestosterone on innate immunity and adaptive immunity against salmonella pullorum in dwarf chicks. in vivo experiment, comparisons of pathological sections, viable counts of bacteria, specific antibody levels, and subsets of t lymphocytes were set forth between chicks with or without 10(-7) m methyltestosterone treatment (2 d of age through 21 d of age) and challenged with 5 x 10(8) virulent salmonella pullorum (7 d of age), and in vitro exp ... | 2009 | 19903952 |
| studies in pullorum disease; the use of salmonella typhi 0901 in test antigens. | 1947 | 20253143 | |
| studies in pullorum disease; comparison of centrifuged and incubated tests. | 1947 | 20253144 | |
| sodium sulfamerazine in the treatment of pullorum disease. | 1947 | 20253160 | |
| salmonella pullorum recovered from a wild pheasant in minnesota. | 1947 | 20264431 | |
| sodium sulfamerazine in drinking water for salmonella pullorum infection in chickens. | 1947 | 20264434 | |
| studies in pullorum disease; examination of colonies from regular and variant form subcultures of salmonella pullorum. | 1947 | 20269332 | |
| studies in pullorum disease; proteus antisera with special reference to the differentiation of regular and variant forms of salmonella pullorum. | 1947 | 20273462 | |
| pullorum disease; diagnosis and immunization. | 1946 | 20275970 | |
| streptomycin in the treatment of pullorum in baby chicks. | 1947 | 20279633 | |
| studies in pullorum disease; infection in the male and experiments on transmission to the female. | 1946 | 20283503 | |
| non-specific pullorum agglutination reactions; preliminary observations on fowl exhibiting non-specific reactions over an extended period. | 1946 | 20283504 | |
| studies in pullorum disease; trial modifications of tube and stained whole blood antigens. | 1947 | 20283507 | |
| form variation in salmonella pullorum and its relation to x strains. | 1946 | 20289307 | |
| selection of suitable antigenic strains of s. pullorum by single colony isolation. | 1947 | 20290825 | |
| the isolation of s. typhimurium from fowls which gave a positive agglutination test with s. pullorum antigen. | 1947 | 20292282 | |
| studies in pullorum disease; antigenic differences in strains of salmonella pullorum. | 1947 | 20295890 | |
| cultivation of the virus of infectious bronchitis of chickens in embryonated chicken eggs. | 1947 | 20295891 | |
| studies in pullorum disease; disinfection of incubators with propylene and triethylene glycol. | 1947 | 20295898 | |
| non-specific pullorum agglutination reactions; post mortem studies on fowl exhibiting non-specific reactions over an extended period. | 1947 | 20295900 | |
| field studies of sulfamerazine in the control of pullorum and some other diseases of domestic birds. | 1947 | 20295942 | |
| report of a relatively severe and protracted diarrhea presumedly due to salmonella pullorum from the ingestion of incompletely cooked eggs. | 1947 | 20340619 | |
| isolation of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in blue-fronted amazon parrot (amazona aestiva). | avian salmonellosis is a disease caused by bacteria of the genus salmonella that can cause three distinct diseases in birds: pullorum diseases, fowl typhoid, and paratyphoid infection. various wildlife species are susceptible to infections by salmonella, regardless of whether they live in captivity or freely in the wild. the present study verified the presence of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in three captive specimens of amazona aestiva. the study involved a total of 103 birds undergo ... | 2010 | 20408416 |
| testing for salmonella spp. in released parrots, wild parrots, and domestic fowl in lowland peru. | wild animal populations face threats from pathogens from both intentionally released captive animals and domestic animals that accompany human settlements. from december 2004 through august 2005, we studied free living macaws and parrots in the tambopata national reserve in the peruvian amazon and semicaptive domestic fowl in human settlements adjacent to the reserve. in 1992-1993, large macaws (aras spp.) that were serologically positive for salmonella pullorum were released into this reserve, ... | 2010 | 20688677 |
| monocytes-macrophages phagocytosis as a potential marker for disease resistance in generation 1 of dwarf chickens. | monocytes-macrophages play an indispensable role in the immune system. the current study investigated the effect of selection for monocytes-macrophages phagocytosis on disease resistance in generation 1 (g1) of dwarf chickens. five hundred dwarf chickens of generation 0 (g0) were divided into high and low phagocytic index (pi) groups (hpig and lpig, respectively) based on their pi of monocytes-macrophages at 290 d of age. then, 2 x 2 mating combinations were conducted. sixty g0 chickens from ano ... | 2010 | 20709989 |
| difference and variation of the sef14 operon gene clusters in salmonella pullorum. | sef14 fimbriae are only found in some strains of serogroup-d salmonella such as s. enteritidis, suggesting that sef14 fimbriae may affect serovar-specific virulence traits. in this study, we found that prevalence of sefa, sefd and sefr genes in s. dublin and s. enteritidis was 100%. in 18 isolates of s. pullorum, the prevalence of sefa gene was 100%, while the prevalence of sefd and sefr genes was 38.9% (7/18), and 11 strains isolated after 1980s did not contain any gene sefd or sefr. interestin ... | 2010 | 20806242 |
| sulfamerazine in the treatment of pullorum disease. | 1946 | 20988123 | |
| a survey of avian salmonellosis in great britain. | 1946 | 20990781 | |
| an outbreak of gastroenteritis presumably caused by salmonella pullorum. | 1946 | 20996928 | |
| studies on pullorum disease using various rapid antigens. | 1946 | 20998646 | |
| studies in pullorum disease; bacteriological examination of tissues from fowls exposed to infection with salmonella pullorum. | 1946 | 21000921 | |
| studies in pullorum disease; the effect of sulfamerazine on artificially and naturally infected chicks. | 1946 | 21000922 | |
| studies in pullorum disease; transmission of infection to healthy birds by contact. | 1945 | 21008177 | |
| pullorum disease; historical sketch. | 1946 | 21009454 | |
| sulfamerazine as a prophylactic in pullorum disease in poults. | 1946 | 21014215 | |
| studies in pullorum disease; the possible relationship of non-specific reactions to the sensitizing influence of ingested proteins. | 1946 | 21020413 | |
| note on salmonella in poultry products. | 1946 | 21024769 | |
| pullorum disease of turkeys. | 1945 | 21028715 | |
| differential identification of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum based on polymorphic regions of glgc and spec genes. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum cause fowl typhoid and pullorum disease in avian species, respectively, and have been of considerable economic importance to the poultry industry in parts of the world. the definitive diagnosis of these diseases can be made only by isolation and identification of the causative agent. however, rapid identification of biovars gallinarum and pullorum is not easily feasible due to their common antigenic structure ... | 2010 | 21111918 |
| [cloning and identification of ipaj gene in salmonella pullorum]. | cloning of ipaj gene from salmonella pullorum c79-13, and identification of expressed ipaj protein as an immunogen of the pathogen. | 2010 | 21268902 |
| pullorum disease and fowl typhoid--new thoughts on old diseases: a review. | fowl typhoid and pullorum disease are two distinct septicaemic diseases largely specific to avian species and caused by salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum, respectively. they were first described more than one century ago. since their discovery, many efforts have been made to control and prevent their occurrence in commercial farming of birds. however, they remain a serious economic problem to livestock in countries where measures of control are not efficient or in those where the cli ... | 2011 | 21331943 |
| assessment of yeast cell wall as replacements for antibiotic growth promoters in broiler diets: effects on performance, intestinal histo-morphology and humoral immune responses. | the study compared the effects of an antibiotic growth promoter (agp), yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) and yeast cell wall (ycw) on performance, microbiology and histo-morphology of the small intestine and humoral immune responses in ross 308 broilers. the treatments (eight replicates/treatment, n = 12/replicate) were negative control (nc, without agp), positive control (pc, supplemented with bacitracin methylene disalicylate, 400 mg/kg), y and ycw (supplemented with yeast and ycw, respectively ... | 2011 | 21535233 |
| population dynamics of salmonella enterica serotypes in commercial egg and poultry production. | fresh and processed poultry have been frequently implicated in cases of human salmonellosis. furthermore, increased consumption of meat and poultry has increased the potential for exposure to salmonella. while advances have been made in reducing the prevalence and frequency of salmonella contamination in processed poultry, there is mounting pressure on commercial growers to prevent and/or eliminate these human pathogens in preharvest production facilities. several factors contribute to salmonell ... | 2011 | 21571882 |
| lactobacillus reuteri atcc 55730 and l22 display probiotic potential in vitro and protect against salmonella-induced pullorum disease in a chick model of infection. | lactobacillus reuteri atcc 55730 (l. reuteri atcc 55730) and l. reuteri l22 were studied for their probiotic potential. these two strains were able to produce an antimicrobial substance, termed reuterin, the maximum production of reuterin by these two strains was detected in the late logarithmic growth phase (16h in mrs and 20h in lb broths). these two strains could significantly reduce the growth of salmonella pullorum atcc 9120 in mrs broth, l. reuteri atcc 55730 with a reduction of 48.2±4.15% ... | 2011 | 21764090 |
| isolation and characterization of bacteriophages of salmonella enterica serovar pullorum. | in this study, 2 bacteriophages of salmonella pullorum were isolated using an enrichment protocol and the double agar layer method. they were named pspu-95 and pspu-4-116, respectively, against clinical isolates of salmonella pullorum spu-95 and spu-116. the host ranges of the 2 bacteriophages were determined by performing spot tests with 20 bacteria strains. both bacteriophages had wide host ranges. bacteriophage pspu-95 had a lytic effect on 17 of the 20 isolates (85%), and pspu-4-116 produced ... | 2011 | 21934022 |
| Differential gene expression of antimicrobial peptides ß defensins in the gastrointestinal tract of Salmonella serovar Pullorum infected broiler chickens. | Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum causes substantial mortality in chicks as well as results in persistent infection and vertical transmission in layer birds. An effective innate immune response in the early stages of infection could reduce bacterial colonization and mortality in chicks and persistency of infection in later stages. ß Defensins (AvBDs) are now considered as one of the key components of innate immunity in avian species. In the present study, we quantified the mRNA expression lev ... | 2011 | 22170093 |
| effects of hydrolysed saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and yeast cell wall components on live performance, intestinal histo-morphology and humoral immune response of broilers. | 1. the effects of enzymatically hydrolysed whole saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (hy) and the pellets of yeast cell wall (ycw) on production traits, the microbiology and histo-morphology of the small intestine, and humoral immune responses against newcastle disease virus (ndv), of ross 308 broilers were investigated. 2. the control group received a maize-soyabean meal based basal diet for 42 days. in the treated groups the basal diet was supplemented with 1 g/kg of hy and ycw. there were 8 repl ... | 2011 | 22221235 |
| complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica serovar pullorum rks5078. | salmonella enterica serovar pullorum is a chicken-adapted pathogen, causing pullorum disease. its strict host adaptation has been suspected to result in gene decay. to validate this hypothesis and identify the decayed genes, we sequenced the complete genome of s. pullorum rks5078. we found 263 pseudogenes in this strain and conducted functional analyses of the decayed genes. | 2012 | 22247537 |
| influence of truncation of avian β-defensin-4 on biological activity and peptide-membrane interaction. | defensins are important components in host defense systems. the therapeutic use of β-defensins is limited by their innate toxicity and high cost due to the size and complex disulfide pairing. in this study, we used linear avian β- defensin-4 (rl38) without disulfide bonds as model peptide to derive two peptides by the truncation. gl23 is the c-terminal truncated sequence of rl38, and gli23 is the derivative of gl23 by the replacement of cysteines with isoleucines. results showed that these pepti ... | 2012 | 22316306 |
| immune dynamics following infection of avian macrophages and epithelial cells with typhoidal and non-typhoidal salmonella enterica serovars; bacterial invasion and persistence, nitric oxide and oxygen production, differential host gene expression, nf-κb signalling and cell cytotoxicity. | poultry-derived food is a common source of infection of human with the non-host-adapted salmonellae while fowl typhoid and pullorum disease are serious diseases in poultry. development of novel immune-based control strategies against salmonella infection necessitates a better understanding of the host-pathogen interactions at the cellular level. intestinal epithelial cells are the first line of defence against enteric infections and the role of macrophages is crucial in salmonella infection and ... | 2012 | 22475571 |
| early immune dynamics following infection with salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis, infantis, pullorum and gallinarum: cytokine and chemokine gene expression profile and cellular changes of chicken cecal tonsils. | salmonella enterica subspecies enterica infection remains a serious problem in a wide range of animals and in man. poultry-derived food is the main source of human infection with the non-host-adapted serovars while fowl typhoid and pullorum disease are important diseases of poultry. we have assessed cecal colonization and immune responses of newly hatched and older chickens to salmonella serotypes enteritidis, infantis, gallinarum and pullorum. s. enteritidis and s. infantis colonized the ceca m ... | 2012 | 22512820 |
| differential identification of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum and the biovar gallinarum live vaccine strain 9r. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum causes fowl typhoid in chickens and has been of economic importance to the chicken industry in many countries. the biovar gallinarum live vaccine strain 9r (sg 9r) has been used to control fowl typhoid in many areas where the disease is endemic. therefore, a definitive diagnosis of this disease may require differentiation of wild-type field isolates of biovar gallinarum from the live vaccine strain sg 9r. here, we report the development of ... | 2012 | 22728122 |