Publications

model of bronchial allergic inflammation in the brown norway rat. pharmacological modulation.	exposure of non-sensitized brown norway (bn) rats to a 10%-ovalbumin aerosol induced an increase in the number of neutrophils in the broncho-alveolar lavage (bal) fluid 3 and 6 h later but with no change in number of cells at 24 h. when the bn rats were actively sensitized (i.m. injection of 10 mg/kg ovalbumin and i.p. injection of killed bordetella pertussis) and exposed 12-14 days later to a 10%-ovalbumin aerosol there was an increase in the number of eosinophils in the bal fluid, maximal 24-4 ...	1992	1512077
pertussis whole cell vaccine: relation between intracerebral protection in mice and antibody response to pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin and adenylate cyclase.	n:nih mice were vaccinated according to the who recommendations for the potency test with the second international standard for pertussis vaccine (ispv). blood for serological investigation was taken from the animals on day 14 post immunization before intracerebral challenge with bordetella pertussis 18323 was done. the relationship between anti-pertussis toxin, anti-filamentous hemagglutinin and anti-adenylate cyclase antibody levels as measured by elisa and protection from intracerebral challe ...	1992	1520970
multiple discontinuity as a remarkable feature of the development of acellular pertussis vaccines.	development of the japanese acellular pertussis vaccines (apvs) of the 1980s involved six procedural or conceptual features that were discontinuous with the then-accepted views of how pertussis vaccines should be made and tested. these discontinuities were: modification of the standard intracerebral mouse test for protective potency; use of culture supernates, rather than cells, of bordetella pertussis as the feedstock for antigen purification; use of haemagglutination as a measure of protective ...	1992	1523873
homeostasis as regulated by activated macrophage. iii. protective effect of lpsw (lipopolysaccharide (lps) of wheat flour) on gastric ulcer in mice as compared with those of other lps from various sources.	protective effect of lipopolysaccharide (lps) from various sources on gastric ulcer has been examined in mice using parenteral as well as oral route. ulcer is induced by indomethacin, stress or alcohol. lps was prepared from 6 species of bacteria (escherichia coli, pantoea agglomerans, serratia ficaria, enterobacter cloacae, bordetella pertussis, alcaligenes faecalis) and from wheat flour. when administered intravenously, lps of pantoea agglomerans was the most effective among other lps examined ...	1992	1525959
the longevity of the immune response to filamentous hemagglutinin and pertussis toxin in patients with pertussis in a semiclosed community.	titers of antibodies to the filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) and pertussis toxin (pt) of bordetella pertussis were studied in patients from a semiclosed community after an outbreak of the disease in 1985 and in the general population. in convalescent-phase serum obtained after b. pertussis infection in patients in the semiclosed community, high anti-fha igg and anti-pt igg titers were observed; these titers tended to disappear over the next 5 years. on the other hand, among the medical staff, hig ...	1992	1527428
cloning, nucleotide sequence and heterologous expression of the protective outer-membrane protein p.68 pertactin from bordetella bronchiseptica.	the prn gene encoding the 68 kda protective outer-membrane protein of bordetella bronchiseptica (p.68 pertactin) was cloned, sequenced and expressed in escherichia coli. the gene was isolated by dna:dna hybridization experiments using a radioactively-labelled fragment of the homologous prn gene from bordetella parapertussis. dna sequence analysis reveals that the gene is capable of encoding a protein with a molecular mass of 93996 da (p.94); this precursor molecule is processed to form the p.68 ...	1992	1527510
impact of pertussis on the afflicted child and family.	the effects of pertussis in an unimmunized population were investigated in 61 children consecutively identified by positive culture for bordetella pertussis. parents were interviewed twice, at a mean of 3 and 11 weeks after onset of symptoms. all children had a disease duration of more than 3 weeks. behavioral changes were reported for 84% of the study children. parents reported negative effects for themselves in 95% and for siblings in 63% of the families. the main problems were disturbance of ...	1992	1528646
lymphocyte migration in the mouse. ii. differential b and t-lymphocyte migration into a site of chronic inflammation.	different patterns of b and t-lymphocyte migration were observed in normal mice and in animals with a site of chronic inflammation. the early migration of lymphocytes into a site of chronic inflammation, induced by sensitisation and challenge to bordetella pertussis vaccine (bpv), comprised mainly b-cells. subsequently, a greater influx of t-cells occurred as the inflammation progressed. the lymphocyte population in the inflammatory exudate was composed of equal numbers of b and t-cells througho ...	1992	1529800
effect of pertussis toxin on susceptibility of infant rats to haemophilus influenzae type b.	pertussis toxin is an important virulence factor of bordetella pertussis that may also contribute to the toxicity of pertussis vaccines. the effect of low doses of pertussis toxin on response to haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) infection was examined in infant rats. pretreatment of rats with 10 or 100 ng of pertussis toxin increased blood bacterial concentration (p less than .01), serum endotoxin levels (p less than .01), and mortality (p less than .05) relative to saline pretreated controls ...	1992	1533239
the monoclonal antibody mel-14 can block lymphocyte migration into a site of chronic inflammation.	the effect of mel-14, a monoclonal antibody which binds to the lymphocyte homing receptor (mel-14 ag) on lymphocytes for peripheral lymph node (pln) high endothelial venules (hev), was investigated on lymphocyte migration into a delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth)-like lesion produced by sensitization and challenge to bordetella pertussis vaccine (bpv). pretreatment of lymphocytes with saturating concentrations of mel-14 caused a highly significant inhibition of lymphocyte migration into the chr ...	1992	1534762
recombinant p.69/pertactin: immunogenicity and protection of mice against bordetella pertussis infection.	the immunogenicity of recombinant (r-) pertactin was examined. parenteral immunization of mice with natural or r-pertactin produced a similar increase in serum anti-pertactin antibodies and a decrease in bordetella pertussis lung counts following aerosol challenge. study of the kinetics of b. pertussis growth in the respiratory tract of immunized and control mice revealed that immunization with r-pertactin halted the multiplication of b. pertussis in the lungs and facilitated the early onset of ...	1992	1539459
construction of bordetella pertussis strains that overproduce genetically inactivated pertussis toxin.	nontoxic analogs of pertussis toxin (pt), produced by in vitro mutagenesis of the tox operon, are immunogenic and protective against infection by bordetella pertussis. the moderate levels of pt production by b. pertussis, however, make it the limiting antigen in the formulation of multicomponent, acellular, recombinant whooping cough vaccines. to increase production of the highly detoxified lys9gly129 pt analog by b. pertussis, additional copies of the mutated tox operon were integrated into the ...	1992	1539974
cellular pertussis vaccine containing a bordetella pertussis strain that produces a nontoxic pertussis toxin molecule.	bordetella pertussis 165-9k/129g, which produces a nontoxic form of pertussis toxin (pt), was used to prepare a whole-cell diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (dtp) vaccine. the in vivo potency and the serological response induced by this vaccine were comparable to those of the conventional dtp vaccine which contains active pt. the toxic activities induced by pt such as leukocytosis, histamine sensitivity, and potentiation of anaphylactic reactions, which are present in the conventional dtp vaccine, we ...	1992	1541530
cloning, expression, and dna sequence analysis of genes encoding nontypeable haemophilus influenzae high-molecular-weight surface-exposed proteins related to filamentous hemagglutinin of bordetella pertussis.	a group of high-molecular-weight surface-exposed proteins of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae are major targets of human serum antibody (s. j. barenkamp and f. f. bodor, pediatr. infect. dis. j. 9:333-337, 1990). to further characterize these proteins, we cloned and sequenced genes encoding two related high-molecular-weight proteins from a prototype nontypeable haemophilus strain. the gene encoding a 120-kda haemophilus protein consisted of a 4.4-kbp open reading frame, and the gene encoding a ...	1992	1548058
mucosal immunization with filamentous hemagglutinin protects against bordetella pertussis respiratory infection.	mucosal immunization of mice with purified bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin (fha), by either the respiratory or the gut route, was found to protect against b. pertussis infection of the trachea and lungs. intranasal immunization of balb/c and (c57bl/6 x c3h/hen)f1 adult female mice with fha prior to b. pertussis aerosol challenge resulted in a 2 to 3 log reduction in number of bacteria recovered from the lungs and the tracheas of immunized mice in comparison to unimmunized controls ...	1992	1548072
induction of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in lewis rats with purified recombinant human retinal s-antigen fusion protein.	full-length human retinal cdna for s antigen (s-ag) and for the alpha subunit of transducin (alpha-td) were subcloned into a bacterial expression plasmid vector to generate recombinant fusion proteins with glutathione-s-transferase (gst). the recombinant gst-s-ag and rgst-alpha-td fusion proteins were purified from bacterial extracts by continuous flow preparative gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions, and were assessed for their ability to induce experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis ...	1992	1551407
[molecular and cellular bases of the virulence of shigella flexneri].	shigella flexneri, a gram negative bacillus, causes bacillary dysentery, an ulcerative disease of the human colon, by invading intestinal epithelial cells. entry into epithelial cells occurs via an induced phagocytic process which involves the actino-myosin complex. the host-cell receptor and the transmembrane signal which initiate reorganization of the cytoskeleton are under study. binding to integrins has recently been demonstrated in related models such as the entry of yersinia pseudotubercul ...	1992	1554236
a monoclonal antibody directed against the catalytic site of bacillus anthracis adenylyl cyclase identifies a novel mammalian brain catalytic subunit.	a brain adenylyl cyclase was shown to contain an epitope closely related to that specified by a conserved sequence containing a nucleotide-binding consensus sequence gxxxxgks and located in the catalytic sites of bacterial, calmodulin-dependent adenylyl cyclases [goyard, s., orlando, c., sabatier, j.-m., labruyere, e., d'alayer, j., fontan, g., van rietschoten, j., mock, m., danchin, a., ullmann, a., & monneron, a. (1989) biochemistry 28, 1964-1967]. a monoclonal antibody, mab 164, produced agai ...	1992	1554706
a search for bordetella pertussis infection in university students.	university students with persistent cough of greater than or equal to 6 days' duration were evaluated for evidence of infection with bordetella pertussis. of 130 students studied during a 30-month period, 34 (26%) were found to have evidence of recent infections with b. pertussis. infection was identified by direct fluorescent antibody assay of a nasopharyngeal specimen in one student and serologically in 33 additional subjects. b. pertussis was not recovered on culture of nasopharyngeal specime ...	1992	1554832
agglutination of bordetella species by lectins.	phase i cells of bordetella pertussis but not those of b. parapertussis, b. bronchiseptica or b. avium were agglutinated by limulus polyphemus lectin. most strains of b. pertussis but not those of the other species were also agglutinated by helix pomatia lectin. in precipitation reactions between lectins and purified bordetella lipopolysaccharide (lps) preparations a similar pattern occurred. lectin agglutination provides a rapid presumptive method for the differentiation of b. pertussis from b. ...	1992	1555759
potency testing of acellular pertussis vaccines.	the laboratory assessment of the potential of acellular pertussis vaccines to protect against human disease is a major problem. the mouse intracerebral challenge test, which is the accepted potency assay for whole cell pertussis vaccines, is not suitable for testing acellular vaccines, and more recently developed murine respiratory infection assays have methodological drawbacks and doubtful relevance to the human infection. we have found that the ability of several bordetella pertussis antigens ...	1992	1557927
comparison of erythromycin estolate and erythromycin ethylsuccinate for treatment of pertussis. the erythromycin study group.	in an open randomized multicenter study 190 culture-positive pediatric ambulatory pertussis patients were treated for 14 days with either erythromycin estolate (est) (n = 93; 40 mg/kg/day divided in 2 doses) or erythromycin ethylsuccinate (eth) (n = 97; 60 mg/kg/day divided in 3 doses). on day 14 bordetella pertussis was recovered from cultures of 2 patients (2.2%) treated with est and 1 patient (1.0%) treated with eth. despite the fact that 151 patients (79.4%) had reached the early paroxysmal ...	1992	1565532
a simple and sensitive elisa of antibodies to pertussis antigens.	a precise method for quantifying serum antibody levels to antigens of bordetella pertussis is required to evaluate pertussis vaccines, to diagnose pertussis infections, and to detect transplacentally transmitted maternal antibodies. the purpose of this paper is to report a rapid, sensitive, easy and standardized elisa method using polystyrene balls for the assay of serum antibodies against pertussis toxin (pt) and filamentous haemagglutinin (fha), which are protective antigens of b. pertussis. b ...	1992	1574921
the role of histidine 63 in the catalytic mechanism of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase.	of the 9 histidines located in the catalytic domain of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase, three (his63, his106, and his298) were found to be conserved in the adenylate cyclase of bacillus anthracis, another calmodulin-dependent enzyme. substitution of his63 with arg, glu, gln, or val decreased the catalytic efficiency of adenylate cyclase between 2 and 3 orders of magnitude and altered the kinetic properties of the enzyme. these effects varied in relation to the nature of the substituting r ...	1992	1577816
effect of anti-dnp igg1- and igg2a-secreting hybridomas in vivo on the development of an anti-dnp ige antibody response in mice.	we reported previously that cba mice pretreated with dinitrophenyl-bordetella pertussis (dnp-bp) conjugates exhibited sharply decreased anti-dnp ige, and increased igg2a antibodies following immunization with dnp-ovalbumin (dnp-oa) in alum. the objective of the present experiments was to determine whether the decrease in anti-dnp ige was attributed to a regulatory effect exerted by igg2a antibodies. anti-dnp monoclonal antibodies (mab) of the igg1 or igg2a isotype were passively transferred to m ...	1992	1582706
comparative roles of the arg-gly-asp sequence present in the bordetella pertussis adhesins pertactin and filamentous hemagglutinin.	pertactin and filamentous hemagglutinin (fha), proteins present on the surface of the gram-negative organism bordetella pertussis, have been shown to contain the putative cell-binding sequence arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (rgd) and to promote eukaryotic cell attachment. the attachment of epithelial cells to purified pertactin and the entry of b. pertussis into human hela cells are both inhibited by an rgd-containing peptide derived from the pertactin sequence. in contrast, an rgd-containing pe ...	1992	1587605
outer membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharides of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae.	several outer membrane proteins of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae are potential vaccine candidates: p2 and p6 elicit antibodies that are bactericidal and protective in experimental models of infection. other proteins are being investigated. a group of surface-exposed high-molecular-weight proteins that are major targets of antibody in human convalescent sera were identified. monoclonal antibodies to the high-molecular-weight proteins of a prototype strain recognized two distinct but related ...	1992	1588159
serum antibodies against a 69-kilodalton outer-membrane protein, pertactin, from bordetella pertussis in nonvaccinated children with and without a history of clinical pertussis.	serum antibodies against pertactin were found in all samples from 260 nonvaccinated healthy swedish 1- to 4-year-old children, although 42% had neither a history of clinical pertussis nor antibodies against pertussis toxin or filamentous hemagglutinin. pertactin antibody levels were, however, higher in children with a history of pertussis than in those without a history of pertussis, and higher in children with antibodies against pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin than in those withou ...	1992	1593352
targeted mutations that ablate either the adenylate cyclase or hemolysin function of the bifunctional cyaa toxin of bordetella pertussis abolish virulence.	bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, secretes several toxins implicated in this disease. one of these putative virulence factors is the adenylate cyclase (ac) toxin that elevates intracellular camp in eukaryotic cells to cytotoxic levels. this toxin is a bifunctional protein comprising both ac and hemolysin (hly) enzymatic domains. the gene encoding the ac toxin (cyaa) is expressed as part of an operon that includes genes required for secretion or activation of the toxin. ...	1992	1594590
[evolution and treatment of 19 cases of pertussis in infants under 4 months of age].	we present 19 cases of pertussis in infants under 4 months of age. in all cases, bordetella pertussis was isolated from nasopharyngeal swabs. a whooping cough, cyanotic episodes and eating disturbances were the most characteristic clinical findings. treatment included: supportive care, salbutamol, beclomethasone, and josamycin. lymphocyte counts higher than 40,000/mm2 were associated with a greater severity of illness. the most frequent complications were: recurrent cough and pneumonia. none of ...	1992	1605413
pertussis toxin and target eukaryotic cells: binding, entry, and activation.	pertussis toxin, a protein virulence factor produced by bordetella pertussis, is composed of an a protomer and a b oligomer. the a protomer consists of a single polypeptide, termed the s1 subunit, which disrupts transmembrane signaling by adp-ribosylating eukaryotic g-proteins. the b oligomer, containing five polypeptides, binds to cell receptors (most likely containing carbohydrate) and delivers the s1 subunit. current knowledge suggests that expression of adp-ribosyltransferase activity in tar ...	1992	1612292
both adenylate cyclase and hemolytic activities are required by bordetella pertussis to initiate infection.	among virulence factors synthesized and secreted by bordetella pertussis, pertussis toxin (ptx) and the bifunctional adenylate cyclase-hemolysin (ac-hly) are able to invade mammalian cells and to impair intracellular functions. moreover, both proteins are protective antigens in murine intracerebral and respiratory models. in order to study their in vivo properties, different b. pertussis mutants, deficient in ac-hly expression or secretion, or producing modified ac-hly devoid of either adenylate ...	1992	1614333
bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin. structural and functional independence of the catalytic and hemolytic activities.	the bordetella pertussis calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase (cyaa) is a 1706-residue-long toxin, endowed with hemolytic activity. we have constructed b. pertussis mutant strains producing modified cyaas devoid of adenylate cyclase activity. our results show that such modified cyaas display hemolytic activity identical to the wild-type toxin, thus demonstrating that the hemolytic activity is independent of the adenylate cyclase activity. furthermore, b. pertussis and escherichia coli strains ...	1992	1618862
detection of antibodies inhibiting the adp-ribosyltransferase activity of pertussis toxin in human serum.	bordetella pertussis produces a protein virulence factor termed pertussis toxin. many candidate pertussis vaccines are based on the rationale that an immune response that neutralizes the virulence activities of this toxin, which are thought to arise from its catalytic adp-ribosyltransferase activity, would be beneficial. the report describes two methods that quantify the inhibition of this activity by human serum. one, termed a direct assay, involves an initial incubation of toxin with serum, a ...	1992	1624552
modulation of adenylate cyclase toxin production as bordetella pertussis enters human macrophages.	during the course of human infection, bordetella pertussis colonizes sequential niches in the respiratory tract that include intracellular and extracellular environments. in vitro the expression of virulence factors such as the adenylate cyclase toxin is coordinately regulated by the bvg locus, which is an example of a two-component sensory transduction system. with this toxin as a reporter, enzyme activities were compared between a wild-type and an altered strain to determine whether bacterial ...	1992	1631152
[seroepidemiology of whooping cough in mexico].	this paper presents the results from a serological survey developed in mexico during 1987 in order to estimate the prevalence of anti bordetella pertussis antibodies. agglutinins were measured in 25,666 samples taken from children one to 15 years old living throughout the country. in each case survey covered some data about social and demographic variables such as socioeconomic stratum, number of dpt vaccine doses received and urban or rural settlement, among others. titers greater than = 1.16 a ...	1992	1631731
trypanosoma cruzi: involvement of igg isotypes in the parasitemia control of mice immunized with parasite exoantigens of isoelectric point 4.5.	in a previous work we demonstrated that trypanosoma cruzi exoantigens of pi 4.5 (ea 4.5), whose most important epitopes are glucidic, are able to induce a partially protective immune response in mice. to ascertain the involvement of antibody isotypes in this protection, we immunized mice with ea 4.5 plus bordetella pertussis as adjuvant. the analysis of immune response by skin test revealed the occurrence of specific immediate type hypersensitivity on day 15 after the last immunization. by elisa ...	1992	1639159
a uniform alteration in serum lipid metabolism occurring during inflammation in mice.	the present study was designed to delineate changes in serum lipid levels following various kinds of tissue injury or inflammation such as contact sensitivity to picryl chloride, thermal burn, carrageenin-induced edema, the administration of turpentine oil, freund's complete adjuvant (fca), killed bordetella pertussis (bp) or lipopolysaccharide (lps). a uniform change in the serum lipid metabolism was observed in mice that received these inflammatory stimuli; that is, increases in total choleste ...	1992	1640661
epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha stimulate or inhibit proliferation of a human renal adenocarcinoma cell line depending on cell status: differentiation of the two pathways by g protein involvement.	transforming growth factor alpha production by renal tumors, acting through the epidermal growth factor receptor, has been implicated in malignant transformation by studies which compared gene expression in neoplastic and normal human tissue. we sought confirmation of this hypothesis by measuring the growth responses of a human renal tumor cell line to the addition of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha. surprisingly, it was found that both growth factors could induce ei ...	1992	1643633
regulation of leukotriene b4 generation from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes after stimulation with formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine: effects of pertussis and cholera toxins.	the effects of holotoxins and toxin subunits from bordetella pertussis and vibrio cholerae strains on intact and digitonin-permeabilized human polymorphonuclear neutrophils were studied. our data clearly demonstrate that formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fmlp)-induced generation of chemotactic active leukotriene b4 was inhibited by both holotoxins as well as by their isolated enzymatic a protomers. in contrast, the respective binding components (b oligomers) did not affect leukotriene forma ...	1991	1652558
characterization of vir-activated tnphoa gene fusions in bordetella pertussis.	the expression of many of the known virulence determinants of bordetella pertussis is coordinately regulated by the vir regulatory locus and reduced in response to environmental signals called modulators. we have previously identified eight tnphoa gene fusions in b. pertussis in which the expression of alkaline phosphatase was maximal in the absence of the modulators nicotinic acid and mgso4. we have termed the genes identified by these fusions vir-activated genes. here we report the characteriz ...	1991	1652562
sodium fluoride induces phosphoinositide hydrolysis, ca2+ mobilization, and prostacyclin synthesis in cultured human endothelium: further evidence for regulation by a pertussis toxin-insensitive guanine nucleotide-binding protein.	the role of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins in the induction of prostacyclin synthesis by stimulated endothelial cells is incompletely understood. we report that sodium fluoride (naf), a potent activator of cellular guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, affected time- and concentration-dependent generation of prostacyclin (pgi2) by cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells without evidence of cellular toxicity detected by 51cr or lactate dehydrogenase release. pgi2 synthesis by naf-stim ...	1991	1654060
a guanine nucleotide-binding protein mediates 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin d-3-dependent rapid stimulation of ca2+ uptake in skeletal muscle.	1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d-3 (1,25(oh)2d3) has been shown to increase ca2+ uptake readily in skeletal muscle through a dihydropyridine-sensitive pathway, camp levels and adenylate cyclase activity. in the present study, fluoride (f-), a potent guanine nucleotide binding protein (g protein) stimulator, rapidly increases vitamin d-deficient skeletal muscle ca2+ uptake in a dose-dependent manner and with a similar time-course as 1,25(oh)2d3. the increment is detected within 1 min (15%) and steadily in ...	1991	1654121
purification and immunological characterization of hplc-purified pertussis toxin subunits.	pertussis toxin (pt), an oligomeric exotoxin of bordetella pertussis containing five dissimilar subunits, is considered to be an essential immunogen in acellular and component pertussis vaccines against whooping cough. a rapid single-step procedure for isolating pt subunits was developed using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. recoveries of individual subunits were 75% (s1), 70% (s2), greater than 90% (s3), greater than 90% (s4), and 50% (s5), as judged by sds-page and amino ...	1991	1654940
treatment with pertussis toxin does not prevent central effects of eel calcitonin.	to determine whether or not the cns inhibitory activity of eel calcitonin (ect) on adenylyl cyclase is the endocellular mechanism underlying the antinociceptive effect of the peptide, as shown for morphine analgesia, we administered bordetella pertussis toxin (ptx) by intracerebroventricular (icv) injection (0.5 microgram/rat) to block the receptor-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. in ptx-treated rats there was no change in ect (2.5 micrograms/rat, icv)-induced antinociceptive activity (h ...	1991	1656402
cloning and sequencing of the structural gene for the porin protein of bordetella pertussis.	bordetella pertussis produces a porin protein which is a prominent outer membrane component found in both virulent and avirulent strains. n-terminal amino acid analysis of purified b. pertussis porin was performed and this amino acid sequence was used to design an oligonucleotide that was then utilized to screen a lambda gt11 library containing randomly sheared fragments of dna from b. pertussis strain 347. one clone, lambda bppor, was identified and subcloned into puc18. a portion of the dna in ...	1991	1658537
an escherichia coli insertion element (is2) provides a functional promoter in bordetella pertussis.	the adenylate cyclase (cyaa) gene of bordetella pertussis is not expressed in escherichia coli. using cya-lac fusions, high-expression spontaneous mutants were isolated and shown to have the insertion element is2 in orientation ii integrated into the reading frame of cyaa. upon transfer of the is2-activated cya-lac fusion into b. pertussis, we found that the is2-provided promoter is as efficient in b. pertussis as it is in e. coli. these results provide evidence that an insertion element derived ...	1991	1660176
in vitro activity of temafloxacin against gram-negative bacteria: an overview.	the in vitro activities of temafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin against gram-negative bacteria are compared. the 90% minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic90s) of temafloxacin for respiratory pathogens such as haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, neisseria meningitidis, bordetella pertussis, and legionella pneumophila are less than or equal to 0.06 micrograms/ml. temafloxacin is also active against bacterial agents of sexually transmitted diseases, including neisseria gonorrhoeae ...	1991	1662890
in vitro activity and stability against novel beta-lactamases of investigational beta-lactams (cefepime, cefpirome, flomoxef, sce2787 and piperacillin plus tazobactam) in comparison with established compounds (cefotaxime, latamoxef and piperacillin).	the therapeutic perspectives of flomoxef, sce 2787, cefpirome, cefepime, latamoxef, cefotaxime and of piperacillin plus tazobactam were comparatively evaluated by their in vitro activity against 1119 clinical isolates of 83 bacterial species. escherichia coli, klebsiella spp. enterobacter sakazakii, proteus spp. and shigella spp. were about equally susceptible to the cephalosporins (mic90: 0.06 to 0.5 mg/l), while the mic90 for piperacillin plus tazobactam was between 2 and 16 mg/l. enterobacter ...	1991	1664418
does whole-cell pertussis vaccine protect black south african infants? assessment of post-vaccination events and antibody responses to pertussis toxin, filamentous haemagglutinin and agglutinogens 2 and 3.	the whole-cell pertussis vaccine currently used in south africa has not been adequately evaluated for post-vaccination events and immunogenicity. a trial of this vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (dtp) was undertaken in 115 black babies who received primary vaccination at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. serological igg responses to the major antigens of bordetella pertussis, filamentous haemagglutinin (fha), pertussis toxin (pt) and fimbriae (agglutinogens 2 and 3 (agg 2 + 3), were ...	1991	1675492
immunogenicity of primary dpt vaccination.	children have been given the diphtheria and tetanus toxoid and pertussis vaccine (dpt) in taiwan for more than 30 years. yet, the antibody responses to dpt have not been investigated in recent years. two new antigens of bordetella pertussis, pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin, were identified in b. pertussis several years ago and became the constituents of a new type of pertussis vaccine, acellular vaccine. this study was undertaken to test the antibody responses toward diphtheria, te ...	1991	1681018
construction of minitransposons for constitutive and inducible expression of pertussis toxin in bvg-negative bordetella bronchiseptica.	appropriately detoxified pertussis toxin (pt) of bordetella pertussis is considered to be an essential component of new-generation whooping cough vaccines, but the development of a procedure to obtain high levels of purified toxin has been and continues to be a major difficulty. to produce a system enabling the biological separation of pt from other virulence determinants of b. pertussis and the attainment of high yields of the toxin, minitransposons containing the pt operon were constructed and ...	1991	1682257
human t cell immunity against bordetella pertussis analyzed at clonal level.	cloned peripheral blood t lymphocytes from an immune donor were grown in interleukin 2 and tested for proliferation in response to inactivated bordetella species (b. pertussis, b. parapertussis and b. bronchiseptica) and mutants deficient for the expression of virulence-associated antigens. all the t cell clones obtained were cd4+8- and recognized specifically the bordetella antigens when presented by autologous b cells. on the basis of the responsiveness to the whole inactivated bacteria, it wa ...	1991	1683526
expression of bordetella pertussis fimbrial (fim) genes in bordetella bronchiseptica: fimx is expressed at a low level and vir-regulated.	to identify the elements involved in bordetella pertussis fimbriae regulation and to determine whether fimx is an expressed gene, the promoter regions of fimx, fim2 and fim3 from strain bpsa1 were isolated and linked to the promoterless cat gene in plafr2. by following cat activity in bordetella bronchiseptica vir+ and vir- strains we established that the fimx promoter, like those for fim2 and fim3, is active, although at a low level, and vir-regulated. this suggests that the fimx protein might ...	1991	1684407
comparison of the protective effects of the pertussis acellular vaccine with the component vaccine, which have different amounts of fimbriae, against the experimental aerosol infection of mice with bordetella pertussis.	we obtained highly purified fimbrae from bordetella pertussis cells which gave a single band in sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. using the purified fimbriae, we prepared anti-fimbriae rabbit or goat iggs by fimbriae-sepharose affinity chromatography, and developed elisa for its determination. the concentration of fimbriae in our former type of acellular vaccine (80 micrograms per ml) was determined to be 20 ng per ml, and that in our component vaccine was at an almost negligible level. to ...	1991	1685713
[pathogenesis of bordetella pertussis].		1991	1687154
virulence dependent and independent regulation of the bordetella pertussis cya operon.	the bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase (cya) operon is composed of four open reading frames, cyaa, b, d and e (glaser et al., 1988, embo j., 7, 3997-4004). the cyaa gene encodes a virulence factor, cyclolysin, a bifunctional protein exhibiting both adenylate cyclase and haemolytic activities while the cyab, d and e gene products are necessary for cyclolysin transport. we show that the cyaa gene is activated by a promoter located 115 bp upstream from the translational start codon and that tra ...	1990	1691098
phospholipase c activity in ncb-20 cells is inhibited by protein kinase a-mediated phosphorylation of low molecular mass gtp-binding proteins.	we have previously shown that bradykinin-induced production of second messengers such as inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol in neurotumor cells is inhibited by raising cellular cyclic amp levels, which in turn inhibit phospholipase c. a monoclonal antibody to phospholipase c-ii immunoprecipitated the 140-kda form of phospholipase c-ii from [35s]methionine/[3h]eucine-labeled cells, but not [32p]orthophosphate-labeled phospholipase c-ii, following treatment with either forskolin or dibutyry ...	1990	1691176
intracellular coupling of prostaglandin inhibition of acid secretion in isolated rabbit gastric parietal cells.	acid secretion from isolated rabbit gastric parietal cells can be stimulated by gastric secretagogues, histamine (cyclic-amp pathway) and carbachol (inositol phosphate pathway). prostaglandins (pg) from e series are potent inhibitors of acid secretion. the intracellular mechanism of this inhibition was examined by using a stable pge1-analogue, misoprostol. aminopyrine (ap) accumulations due to histamine, ibmx and forskolin were dose-dependently inhibited by misoprostol, whereas a weak but signif ...	1990	1693850
invasive adenylyl cyclase of bordetella pertussis. physical, catalytic, and toxic properties.	a rapid two-step purification to homogeneity of the calmodulin-activated adenylyl cyclase from urea extracts of bordetella pertussis organisms (strain 114) is described. catalytic and invasive activities are purified 30- and 177-fold, respectively, and virtually no degraded forms are found. specific activities are 0.4 mmol/min/mg and 0.5 mumol/mg of enzyme protein/mg of cell protein/min for catalytic and invasive activities, respectively. the 15 amino-terminal amino acids agree with those deduce ...	1990	1693922
cloning, partial sequence, expression, and antigenic analysis of the filamentous hemagglutinin gene of bordetella pertussis.	the gene coding for the filamentous hemagglutinin (fha), one of the main factors involved in mediating adherence of bordetella pertussis to ciliated host cells, was cloned in escherichia coli, and the 3,500-base-pair nucleotide sequence encoding the amino-terminal region was determined. molecular cloning, together with the characterization of recombinant fha-related proteins produced in e. coli, revealed that the primary translation product is a protein of about 370 kilodaltons (kda). the mature ...	1990	1696934
positive transcriptional feedback at the bvg locus controls expression of virulence factors in bordetella pertussis.	regulation of the genes coding for virulence factors in bordetella pertussis is controlled by the bvg locus, which encodes one putative sensory protein (bvgs) and one positive regulator of transcription (bvga). we have studied the transcription of the bvg locus and found that this is controlled by a 350-base-pair dna fragment, which contains five promoters, three of which transcribe the bvg locus, one transcribes an antisense rna, and one transcribes a virulence-associated gene. under noninducin ...	1990	1697687
protective activities in mice of monoclonal antibodies against pertussis toxin.	pertussis toxin (pt) protein, which is the most important protective antigen of bordetella pertussis, has a hexameric structure composed of five subunits, designated s1 through s5. immunoprotective activity of 20 different mouse monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against pertussis toxin, 10 anti-s1, 1 anti-s2, 2 anti-s3, 4 anti-s23, and 3 anti-s4 antibodies, were investigated by aerosol and intracerebral challenges with virulent b. pertussis organisms in mice. four anti-s1, named 1b7, 1d7, 3f11, and 1 ...	1990	1698179
modulation of bordetella pertussis infection with monoclonal antibodies to pertussis toxin.	three monoclonal antibodies to pertussis toxin were characterized and used to investigate its role in immunity. antibody affinity correlated with toxin neutralization in in vivo and in vitro assays but was not the only determinant of protection against bordetella pertussis infection. b9, a high-affinity anti-s3 antibody, was the most effective in neutralizing toxin-induced cho cell clustering and hemagglutination in vitro and lymphocytosis and histamine sensitization in vivo. a4, a similar-affin ...	1991	1703192
the chromosomal integration site of the streptomyces element psam2 overlaps a putative trna gene conserved among actinomycetes.	the psam2 element of streptomyces ambofaciens integrates site-specifically in the genome of different streptomyces species by recombination between a 58 bp sequence common to the plasmid (attp) and the chromosome (attb). southern hybridization analysis showed that sequences similar to the psam2 attb site were found in other actinomycetes (mycobacterium, nocardia, micromonospora) as well as unrelated bacteria (bacillus circulans, escherichia coli, clostridium botulinum, bordetella pertussis, and ...	1990	1703270
production of recombinant bordetella pertussis serotype 2 fimbriae in bordetella parapertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica: utility of escherichia coli gene expression signals.	serotype-specific fimbriae of bordetella pertussis are considered potential components of new-generation vaccines against whooping cough. attempts to characterize fimbriae, and indeed other virulence determinants, produced by b. pertussis have been frustrated on one hand by low yields from b. pertussis itself and on the other by an inability to produce native recombinant products in escherichia coli. in order to try to circumvent this problem, we have examined the expression of b. pertussis sero ...	1991	1708358
functional and molecular characterization of cck receptors in the rat pancreatic acinar cell line ar 4-2j.	competitive inhibition binding studies on membranes from the rat pancreatic ar 4-2j cell line revealed the predominance (80%) of low selectivity cck receptors (kd of 1 nm and 4 nm for, respectively, cck-8 and gastrin-17i (g-17i] over selective receptors (20% with a kd of 1 nm and 1 microm for, respectively, cck-8 and g-17i). amylase secretion was stimulated by low concentrations of cck-8, g-17i and cck-4. g-17i-induced amylase secretion was unaffected by 100 nm of the selective peripheral cck-a ...	1991	1709748
identification and characterization of a protective immunodominant b cell epitope of pertactin (p.69) from bordetella pertussis.	epitopes defined by monoclonal antibodies (mab) specific for the bordetella pertussis outer membrane protein p.69 (pertactin) were mapped using a series of amino- and carboxy-terminal deletion mutants expressed in escherichia coli. mab were found to bind predominantly to a region of pertactin spanning a (pro-gln-pro)5 repeat motif and one mab was found to bind to another region spanning a (gly-gly-xaa-xaa-pro)5 repeat motif. to localize further the mab-binding sites, a panel of synthetic peptide ...	1991	1709865
cd69 in resting and activated t lymphocytes. its association with a gtp binding protein and biochemical requirements for its expression.	cd69 is a phosphorylated disulfide-linked homodimer that appears on the surface of human t, b cells and thymocytes in the early steps of activation; its molecular mass is 28 to 34 kda under reducing conditions. this molecule is able to mediate positive signals to the lymphocytes as the anti-cd69 mab (mlr3, aim, leu 23) in synergism with phorbol esters induce il-2 production and proliferation of lymphocytes. here we show that this molecule is associated to a gtp binding protein that is a substrat ...	1991	1710239
characterization and comparative bactericidal activity of monoclonal antibodies to bordetella pertussis lipo-oligosaccharide a.	spleen cells from mice immunized with a bordetella pertussis n-lauroyl sarcosine membrane extract (sme) were used to generate hybridoma cells lines producing monoclonal antibodies (mabs). seven mabs were shown to be specific to b. pertussis lipo-oligosaccharide (los) by immunoblotting of sme or purified los following sds-page. all mabs reacted with the b. pertussis tohama i strain of the los ab phenotype, and did not react with the atypical variant strain 134 of the los b phenotype. the immune r ...	1991	1713258
identification of subregions of bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin that stimulate human t-cell responses.	filamentous hemagglutinin (fha), a 220-kda protein that mediates the adhesion of bordetella pertussis to eukaryotic cells, is a component of acellular vaccines against whooping cough. to identify the subregions of fha that are immunogenic for t cells, 16 human t-cell clones were raised against purified fha and tested for the recognition of recombinant and proteolytic fragments. the clones were found to map either in the carboxy-terminal or the amino-terminal part of the fha molecule, but none of ...	1991	1715327
induction of airway hyperresponsiveness in allergic rats.	brown-norway rats (male) were sensitized with both dinitrophenylated-bovine serum albumin (dnp-bsa) and bordetella pertussis simultaneously in order to induce airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) as the first sensitization. at five days, dnp-bsa was inhaled as a booster into the airways under thiopental anaesthesia. at eight days, inhalation of antigen markedly increased the tracheal pressure (tp) in sensitized rats (11.9 +/- 1.6 cmh2o) and slightly increased tp in non-sensitized rats (1.1 +/- 0.4), ...	1990	1715332
lymphokine secretion and cytotoxic activity of human cd4+ t-cell clones against bordetella pertussis.	human cd4+ t-cell clones specific for pertussis toxin and other bordetella pertussis antigens have been tested for their cytotoxic activity, lymphokine production, and capacity to induce immunoglobulin synthesis. clones specific for the s1 subunit of pertussis toxin were cytotoxic for autologous epstein-barr virus-transformed b cells, which had been pulsed with the native antigen, the recombinant s1 subunit of pertussis toxin, or synthetic peptides derived from the s1 amino acid sequence. the ki ...	1991	1716614
direct expression of bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin in escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium aroa.	nonfused (i.e., nonhybrid) filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) of bordetella pertussis was efficiently expressed in escherichia coli k-12 and salmonella typhimurium aroa at levels higher than those found in wild-type b. pertussis when the upstream signals of the gene were replaced and the translation initiation region was engineered to optimize translational efficiency. inclusion of part of the c-terminal fha open reading frame, whose translation product does not appear to be part of the major secre ...	1991	1716615
sequential activation and environmental regulation of virulence genes in bordetella pertussis.	bacterial pathogens undergo profound physiological changes when they infect their host and require co-ordinated regulation of gene expression in response to the stress encountered during infection. in bordetella pertussis, the human pathogen which causes whooping cough, virulence factors are synthesized in response to environmental signals under the control of the bvg regulatory locus. here we demonstrate that the bvg locus is responsible for two events of gene activation. in the first step the ...	1991	1718746
pertussis toxin prevents the induction of peripheral t cell anergy and enhances the t cell response to an encephalitogenic peptide of myelin basic protein.	in a murine model of t cell-mediated autoimmune disease, experimental autoimmune encephalitis (eae), 80% of all encephalitogenic t cell clones in h-2u mice use the v beta 8.2 tcr element. to induce eae in susceptible strains of mice either heat-killed bordetella pertussis organisms or bordetella pertussis toxin (pt) must be injected in addition to ag in cfa. we investigated the mechanisms by which pt facilitates the induction of eae. our data show, that pt interferes with the induction of ag-ind ...	1991	1719074
biological activity of a human monoclonal antibody to bordetella pertussis lipooligosaccharide.	the heterohybridoma cell line hbp2 secreting human monoclonal antibody (hmab) directed against bordetella pertussis was generated by fusing sp2/hpt heteromyeloma cells with human spleen lymphocytes, after in vitro stimulation for 6 days. the hybridoma was maintained in culture for more than 1 year with continuous antibody secretion. the hmab hbp2, an igm, reacted with untreated and proteinase k-treated b. pertussis outer membrane antigens, whereas the reactivity was lost when the antigen was tre ...	1991	1721552
intranasal immunization using the b subunit of the escherichia coli heat-labile toxin fused to an epitope of the bordetella pertussis p.69 antigen.	the plasmid pbrd026, which directs expression of the b subunit of the escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (ltb), was modified so that dna encoding epitopes could be inserted at the 3' end of the gene. an oligonucleotide linker containing restriction sites for bglii and spei was inserted at the spei site at the 3' end of the ltb gene to form plasmid pfv1. this linker also encodes the amino acid sequence gly-pro-gly-pro which we propose acts as a 'hinge' between the ltb and the foreign epitope. oli ...	1991	1724057
characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed against domains of pertussis toxin involved in receptor recognition.	the exotoxin pertussis toxin (pt) produced by virulent bordetella pertussis bacteria is regarded as the main virulence factor of the organism and held responsible for most of its pathological effects. identification of functional sites on pt would greatly facilitate site-specific detoxification and thus also the development of a new vaccine. for the investigation of structure-function aspects of pt we have prepared and characterized eleven monoclonal antibodies (mabs) (ub-a1, ub-a2, ub-a10, ub-b ...	1991	1724605
pertussis toxin has eukaryotic-like carbohydrate recognition domains.	bordetella pertussis is bound to glycoconjugates on human cilia and macrophages by multiple adhesins, including pertussis toxin. the cellular recognition properties of the b oligomer of pertussis toxin were characterized and the location and structural requirements of the recognition domains were identified by site-directed mutagenesis of recombinant pertussis toxin subunits. differential recognition of cilia and macrophages, respectively, was localized to subunits s2 and s3 of the b oligomer. d ...	1992	1729677
a vir-repressed gene of bordetella pertussis is required for virulence.	coordinate regulation of gene expression in bordetella pertussis is controlled by the products of the vir locus, bvga and bvgs. in the presence of modulating signals such as mgso4 and nicotinic acid, expression of vir-activated genes (vag) is reduced, while expression of vir-repressed genes (vrg) is maximal. we have cloned one of these vir-repressed genes, vrg-6, in escherichia coli. dna sequencing has shown that vrg-6 is contained on a single ecori restriction endonuclease fragment and is predi ...	1992	1730491
constitutive sensory transduction mutations in the bordetella pertussis bvgs gene.	the products of the bvgas locus coordinately regulate expression of the bordetella pertussis virulence regulon in response to environmental signals. transcription of bvgas-activated genes is nearly eliminated by several modulating conditions, including the presence of sulfate anion or nicotinic acid and growth at low temperature. we have isolated spontaneous mutations that result in the constitutive synthesis of multiple bvg-regulated loci. several of these mutations have been analyzed and were ...	1992	1732230
pertussis in adults.	a survey was conducted of 89 households in each of which at least one patient with culture-confirmed pertussis had been detected. the source of infection was found to be an adult in 10 (11.2%) of the 89 households, and the rate of secondary attack was 19 (10.3%) of 185. furthermore, a laboratory study disclosed 17 adults with subclinical pertussis; the subclinical infection rate was 17 (25.0%) of 68. when compared with pertussis in young children, the adult illness was generally less severe and ...	1992	1733144
insertional mutagenesis of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase.	we developed an improved method of linker insertion mutagenesis for introducing 2 or 16 codons into the bordetella pertussis cyaa gene which encodes a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase. a recombinant kanamycin resistance cassette, containing oligonucleotide linkers, was cloned in plasmids which carried a truncated cyaa gene, fused at its 3' end to the 5' end of the escherichia coli lacz gene, specifying the alpha-peptide. this construction permitted a double selection for in-frame insertion ...	1992	1733931
[molecular and cellular bases of shigella flexneri virulence].	shigella flexneri, a gram negative bacillus, causes bacillary dysentery, an ulcerative disease of the human colon, by invading intestinal epithelial cells. entry into epithelial cells occurs via an induced phagocytic process which involves the actino-myosin complex. the host-cell receptor and the transmembrane signal which initiate reorganization of the cytoskeleton are under study. binding to integrins has recently been demonstrated in related models such as the entry of yersinia pseudotubercul ...	1991	1742620
[determination of the immune potency of lymphocyte-promoting factor (lpf) and filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) molecules by intranasal challenge in mice].	all mice immunized with toxoid lpf and fha molecules were found to be protected against infections by intranasal instillation of bordetella pertussis. while a significant weight loss was observed in control mice within ten days following challenge, immunized mice were found to gain weight. mice immunized with 20 micrograms doses of toxoid lpf were found to be also protected against intracerebral infection. fha did not protect mice against such an infection.	1991	1745145
regulation of experimental autoimmune uveitis in rats--separation of mhc and non-mhc gene effects.	experimental autoimmune uveitis (eau) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease and has served as a model of certain ocular inflammatory conditions in man. the present study was aimed at separating the effects of mhc and non-mhc genes on the development of eau in the rat. eau-susceptible lew (rt1l), eau-resistant wkah (rt1k), and wkah.1l (rt1l) mhc congenic strain of wkah background rats were immunized with retinal soluble antigen (s-ag) in freund's complete adjuvant (fca). lew rats showed typical ...	1991	1747950
prevention of anaphylactic death by macrophage blockade.	data in the literature concerning the role of macrophages in anaphylaxis are contradictory. in the present study the effect of macrophage blockade induced by gadolinium chloride (gdcl3) on anaphylactic shock was investigated. our observations show that gdcl3 prevents the lethal anaphylactic shock of mice sensitized to ovalbumin. gdcl3 given i.v. in a dose of 1 mg/100 g body weight 24 or 48 h before the elicitation of anaphylactic shock resulted in 90% survival, compared to the 43% survival in th ...	1991	1755328
[multispecific monoclonal antibodies].	immunization of balb/c mice with rickettsia prowazekii antigens, bordetella pertussis toxin and legionella pneumophila cytolysin induces the synthesis of igm autoantibodies of different specificity. among monoclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies with a wide reactivity spectrum have been found to make up high percentage (30-80%). monoclonal antibodies interact with different bacterial antigens and tissue substances. a hypothesis has been put forward that normally the injection of the antig ...	1991	1759527
testicular lesions and lymphocyte subpopulations in rats immunized with a soluble fraction of testicular homogenate.	a soluble fraction obtained from a testicular homogenate by precipitation with ammonium sulphate (aspm) was emulsified with freund's complete adjuvant (cfa) and injected into wistar rats. at 50 days after the first immunization (total of three injections) the animals had developed moderate and multifocal testicular damage, characterized mainly by sloughing of the seminiferous epithelium. a delayed-type hypersensitivity response and circulating antibodies to aspm were detected at different times ...	1991	1761327
stress-induced suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the rat.	numerous experiments have demonstrated that physical stress can alter immunological parameters. however, little attention has been paid to the interrelationship between stress and autoimmune processes. the present study was designed to determine the influence of electric shock and sound stress on the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae). ten-week-old male da rats highly susceptible to eae were used. rats were subjected to the stress procedure during 19 days either before ...	1991	1774136
pertussis encephalopathy in an adult: case report and review.	a 39-year-old man developed paroxysmal cough, occasional vomiting after cough, and subconjunctival hemorrhage. his illness was complicated by episodes of seizure, with clonic movements of the arms and legs, brief loss of consciousness, and confusion. the episodes were triggered by mild, unremarkable coughing paroxysms. a diagnosis of pertussis was confirmed serologically by measurement of igg, iga, and igm antibodies to pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin. serologic studies confirmed t ...	1991	1775835
p42/mitogen-activated protein kinase as a converging target for different growth factor signaling pathways: use of pertussis toxin as a discrimination factor.	mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase is a 42-kda serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that requires phosphorylation on both tyrosine and threonine residues for activity. this enzyme is rapidly and transiently activated in quiescent cells after addition of various agonists, including insulin, epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and phorbol esters. we show here that addition of the growth factors thrombin or basic fibroblast growth factor to ccl39 fibroblasts rapidly ind ...	1991	1777507
protective immunogenicity of synthetic peptides selected from the amino acid sequence of bordetella pertussis toxin subunit s1.	five synthetic peptides identified as antigenic sites on the s1 subunit of pertussis toxin (pt) were coupled to the diphtheria toxin cross-reactive mutant protein crm 197 or bsa. all peptide conjugates were immunogenic in animals. two peptide-crm-conjugates, corresponding to amino acids 1-17 and 169-186, induced especially high antibody titers against native pt in mice (balb/c, c57/black and outbred nmri) as measured by elisa. upon in vivo pt challenge (0.5 microgram toxin) of the nmri mice both ...	1991	1778305
history of the development of pertussis vaccine.	bordetella pertussis and the disease whooping cough have mysterious unique features among bacterial infectious diseases. numerous studies gradually provided information that permitted the development of a pertussis vaccine and the assessment of its potency relative to human efficacy. the advances in the understanding of b. pertussis, its pathogenicity and immunity that led to the development of a pertussis vaccine are presented.	1991	1778306
evaluation of antibodies elicited by immunization with pertussis toxin.	the monoclonal antibody termed 1b7 neutralizes pertussis toxin in vivo in cell culture systems and can also passively protect mice from a challenge with live bordetella pertussis (9). it has been suggested that most other independently derived neutralizing monoclonal antibodies recognizing the s1 subunit apparently recognize the same epitope as 1b7, and that the s1 subunit contains only one immunodominant protective epitope (1). these antibodies have been termed class a antibodies (8) and inhibi ...	1991	1778308
simple and efficient method for clinical isolation of bordetella pertussis.	commercially available amies transport medium with charcoal and three isolation media were tested to assess their efficiency in the clinical isolation of b. pertussis. first, the isolation rates of b. pertussis were compared between direct inoculation of nasopharyngeal specimens and inoculation after being stored in amies transport medium for eight hours or less. the organism was detected in 43 specimens from 29 patients with at least one of the two inoculation methods. the comparative isolation ...	1991	1778312
structural and biological comparison of lipopolysaccharides (lps) from bordetella species.	lipopolysaccharides (lps) isolated from bordetella pertussis (bp), b. parapertussis (bpp), and b. bronchiseptica (bbs) were analysed for their chemical composition, molecular heterogeneity, and immunological and biological properties. all lps contained heptose, kdo, glcn, uronic acid, phosphate, and fatty acids. the fatty acids c14:0, c16:0 and 3-ohc14:0 were common to all lps preparations. by sds-page, bp-lps had two bands of low molecular mass, and bpp- and bbs-lps showed a low molecular mass ...	1991	1778313
production of a safe, potent and immunogenic partially purified acellular pertussis vaccine using simple indigenous techniques.	partially purified acellular pertussis vaccine was prepared from bordetella pertussis strains 10536, 134, tohama and 509 using simple indigenously available techniques. the stainer-scholte (ss) medium with methylated-beta-cyclodextrin was the most suitable for production of acellular pertussis vaccine. for preparation of the vaccine, 5 day cultures of b. pertussis grown under stationary conditions at 35 degrees c were treated twice with ammonium sulphate and prospective protective antigens were ...	1991	1778314
mixed outbreak of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis in an apartment house.	from september through november of 1985, a mixed outbreak of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis occurred in an apartment house in ashikaga city, japan. bacteriological and serological investigations were conducted on seven families, comprising 13 adults and 19 children, living in the same apartment house and having social contacts. for all the subjects, cultivation of nasopharyngeal mucus and measurement of pertussis agglutinin antibody, anti-pt antibody, and anti-f-ha antibody we ...	1991	1778328