Publications

zanamivir use during transmission of amantadine-resistant influenza a in a nursing home.	to describe the use of zanamivir during an influenza a outbreak.	2000	11089653
birth defects after maternal exposure to corticosteroids: prospective cohort study and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.	corticosteroids are first-line drugs for the treatment of a variety of conditions in women of childbearing age. information regarding human pregnancy outcome with corticosteroids is limited.	2000	11091360
epidemiology and prevalence of onychomycosis in hiv-positive individuals.	patients who are human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive are predisposed to the development of infections including tinea pedis and onychomycosis. while smaller studies have been reported, there has been no large study evaluating the prevalence of onychomycosis in hiv-positive individuals, or comparing the development of onychomycosis in a typical temperate area with that in a typical tropical area.	2000	11095193
linkage of the dopamine d4 receptor gene and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.	there is considerable evidence supporting a genetic component in the etiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd). because stimulant medications act primarily on the dopaminergic system, dopamine system genes are prime candidates for genetic susceptibility factors for adhd. previous studies by several groups have observed a significant association of adhd and an allele with 7 copies of the 48 base pair repeat in the third exon of the dopamine d4 receptor.	2000	11128331
the economic value of a new insulin preparation, humalog mix 25. measured by a willingness-to-pay approach.	to measure the economic value of a new insulin formulation consisting of rapid-acting insulin lispro and intermediate-acting neutral protamine lispro in a 25:75 ratio (humalog mix 25).	2000	11147394
identifying and prioritizing gaming workers' health and safety concerns using mapping for data collection.	this research was prompted by the clinical presentation of workers from a variety of gaming occupations with injuries and illnesses and multiple health and safety concerns.	2001	11148014
polycystic ovary disease and the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension.	to compare the incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension in patients with and without polycystic ovary disease (pcod).	2000	11153260
mass influenza vaccination in ontario: a sensible move.		2001	11202665
mass influenza vaccination in ontario: is it worthwhile?		2001	11202666
a quantitative ranking of canada's research output of original human studies for the decade 1989 to 1998.	since 1987 research articles have been catalogued with the author's affiliation address in the 40 databases of the medical literature analysis and retrieval system (medlars) of the national library of medicine, bethesda, md. the present study was conducted to examine the canadian entries in medlars to interpret past and future trends and to combine the medlars demographic data with data from other sources to rank canadian research output of human studies both nationally and internationally.	2000	11216196
surveillance programs for early stage non-seminomatous testicular cancer: a practice guideline.	to identify an appropriate surveillance program for men with clinical stage i non-seminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis (nsgct).	2001	11268306
elimination of rabies from red foxes in eastern ontario.	the province of ontario (canada) reported more laboratory confirmed rabid animals than any other state or province in canada or the usa from 1958-91, with the exception of 1960-62. more than 95% of those cases occurred in the southern 10% of ontario (approximately 100,000 km2), the region with the highest human population density and greatest agricultural activity. rabies posed an expensive threat to human health and significant costs to the agricultural economy. the rabies variant originated in ...	2001	11272485
genes and environment in type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis in aboriginal canadians.	the incidence of coronary heart disease (chd) among aboriginal people in northern ontario has tripled over the past 20 years. this is inextricably linked to the remarkably high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in these native communities. approximately 40% of the oji-cree of northern ontario have typical obesity-related type 2 diabetes, which represents a drastic increase from virtually unreportable levels 50 years ago. the oji-cree have a private mutation in the hnf1a gene, namely g319s, which is ...	2001	11286643
conflict resolution at the university of ottawa faculty of medicine: the pelican and the sign of the triangle.	in 1997 the university of ottawa medical school adopted a conflict-resolution policy for informally dealing with complaints of abuse, harassment and intimidation, sexual harassment, and scientific misconduct or misappropriation of intellectual property. in collaboration with the university's faculty of law, general conflict-resolution workshops were given for faculty and administration and mediation training was provided to medical faculty designated "complaint officers" under the policy. in thi ...	2001	11299145
waiting lists for radiation therapy: a case study.	why waiting lists arise and how to address them remains unclear, and an improved understanding of these waiting list "dynamics" could lead to better management. the purpose of this study is to understand how the current shortage in radiation therapy in ontario developed; the implications of prolonged waits; who is held accountable for managing such delays; and short, intermediate, and long-term solutions.	2001	11319944
justice delayed and denied in biting case.	an hiv-positive transgendered sex worker who bit a police officer on the hand was sentenced to two years, less one day, in a provincial prison. the officer charged the sex worker with aggravated assault since she knew she had hiv and was therefore endangering the officer's life. the officer has since had regular testing, has attended hiv counseling, and has delayed starting a family. he continues to test hiv-negative after eight months. the sex worker served 16 months of her sentence before bein ...	1997	11365295
provision of legal services to persons with hiv or aids: barriers and trends.	canadian hiv/aids legal clinics address their agendas, funding, activities, and observed trends. the hiv & aids legal clinic (ontario) (halco) is profiled in the first of a series. halco is a poverty law clinic for hiv-positive people with limited financial means in ontario. the profile of legal problems handled by halco includes government assistance payments, inadequate or too-expensive housing, wills and substitute decision making, bankruptcy, human rights, prison health issues, employment co ...	1997	11365299
between the laboratory, the school, and the community: the psychology of human development, toronto, 1916-1956.	in the twentieth century, canadian psychologists have been involved with the educational system and the community at several points in time. in this article, the psychology of human development as developed at the department of psychology at the university of toronto from 1916 to 1956 is investigated. in a variety of projects, the mental health of children was investigated in educational settings while measures were designed and tested to prevent maladjustment and to promote mental health. initi ...	2000	11381728
respiratory virus surveillance. fluwatch project, 2000-2001. end of season update.	the 2000-2001 season was a relatively mild season worldwide. in canada, lower than usual activity was reported for all national indicators of influenza activity, including the rate of influenza-like illness (ili), the percentage of laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza and provincial/territorial influenza activity levels. however, there were a number of interesting characteristics of this year's influenza season. in contrast to the predominance of influenza a, and in particular the a/sydney/5/ ...	2001	11416943
ebv-associated perianal hodgkin's disease in an hiv-positive individual.	hodgkin's disease (hd) has a higher incidence in hiv-positive individuals. it tends to occur at extranodal sites, frequently exhibits an unfavorable histological type with large numbers of neoplastic cells, and almost invariably harbors epstein-barr virus (ebv). we describe a case of a 33-year-old hiv-positive man who presented with anal pain from a 4-cm mass in the anorectal canal. he had no b symptoms or peripheral lymphadenopathy. a chest x-ray was within normal limits. a biopsy showed an ulc ...	2001	11426491
fingerprinting pcb patterns among mohawk women.	this study examined the association of contaminated fish consumption and polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) body burden by comparing the similarity of the congener pattern in yellow perch, caught near the point source of industrial pollution, and in other local fish to the pattern found in the breast milk of mohawk women from akwesasne, a native american community located along the st. lawrence river in new york, ontario, and quebec. the similarity is defined by the weighted euclidean distance betwe ...	2001	11477516
group dynamics training for manned spaceflight and the capsuls mission: prophylactic against incompatibility and its consequences?	on february 7, 1994, four canadian astronauts were sealed off in a hyperbaric chamber at the canadian government's defense and civil institute for environmental medicine in toronto, canada. this space lab training mission lasted seven days and was the first to be conducted with astronauts outside of russia. the objective of this mission was to give canadian astronauts, space scientists and the staff of the canadian space agency (csa), the opportunity to gain first hand experience on preparationa ...	1995	11540989
sense of place, organizational context and the strategic management of publicly funded hospitals.	an era of managerialism in health care delivery systems is now well ensconced throughout the nations of the oecd. this development has occurred, in large part, as a response to funding pressures in institutionally based health care delivery imposed by principal third party insurers. in the case of publicly funded hospitals, the more traditional concerns for stewardship and appeasement of professional groups is being replaced by a greater emphasis on cost consciousness and corporate-style leaders ...	2001	11551664
an exploratory analysis of the effect of pesticide exposure on the risk of spontaneous abortion in an ontario farm population.	the toxicity of pesticides on human reproduction is largely unknown--particularly how mixtures of pesticide products might affect fetal toxicity. the ontario farm family health study collected data by questionnaire on the identity and timing of pesticide use on the farm, lifestyle factors, and a complete reproductive history from the farm operator and eligible couples living on the farm. a total of 2,110 women provided information on 3,936 pregnancies, including 395 spontaneous abortions. to exp ...	2001	11564623
a g339r mutation in the ctns gene is a common cause of nephropathic cystinosis in the south western ontario amish mennonite population.		2001	11565547
an outbreak of serratia marcescens associated with the anesthetic agent propofol.	in october 1999, 7 patients with postoperative infections caused by serratia marcescens were identified at a community hospital in ontario, canada. we describe the investigation of this outbreak.	2001	11584257
ethics and new reproductive technologies: an international review of committee statements.	walters examines the statements of advisory committees in eight countries on new practices involving human reproduction: clinical in vitro fertilization; surrogate motherhood; and human embryo research. he analyzes the positions taken by the committees on the general acceptability of the new technologies, as well as on specific issues involved in assisted human reproduction. in chronological order, the statements examined are those of the u.s. ethics advisory board; the waller committee in vi ...	1987	11644029
trials sponsored by drug companies: review ordered.		1998	11645095
dehler v. ottawa civic hospital et al. 5 sep 1979.		1979	11645420
aids-based discrimination in the workplace: issues and answers.		1989	11652617
judging the ethical merit of clinical trials: what criteria do research ethics board members use?		1994	11654136
do scientific and scholarly codes of ethics take social issues into account?		1995	11654230
the right to procreate: when rights claims have gone wrong.		1995	11654471
the ethics of human experimentation: reinventing the research ethics board: proceedings of a national workshop held in ottawa, ontario, march 5-6, 1995.		1996	11654527
canadian panel calls for review of drug-trial confidentiality agreements.		1998	11656958
embryo research.		1986	11658730
inter vivos transplantation and the human tissue gift act, s.o. 1971 c. 83.		1976	11662668
emergence of salmonella typhimurium definitive type 104 (dt104) as an important cause of salmonellosis in horses in ontario.	salmonella typhimurium definitive type 104 (dt104) has emerged as a common cause of salmonellosis in humans and cattle, yet previous reports involving horses are sparse. this study reports the emergence of dt104 as an important pathogen in horses in ontario. the first clinical case of dt104 infection at the ontario veterinary college was identified in 1997. seventeen cases of dt104-associated salmonellosis were identified between 1997 and 2000. in 2000, 12 of 13 cases of salmonellosis were due t ...	2001	11665427
prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies in canadian swine herds and identification of a novel variant of swine hepatitis e virus.	swine hepatitis e virus is a newly identified potentially zoonotic virus from pigs of particular concern for possible direct transmission to a human xenotransplant recipient by organ transplantation. in the present study, prevalence of serum antibodies to hepatitis e virus was examined in canadian swine herds. a total of 998 serum samples collected from 6-month-old healthy slaughter hogs were examined by enzyme immunoassay and western blot analysis for antibodies to the recombinant open reading ...	2001	11687465
cancer coverage in newspapers serving large and small communities in ontario.	local newspapers are an important source of health news, especially in small communities. we describe the amount and type of cancer information in ontario daily newspapers dichotomized by circulation size (> 400,000 or < 40,000) and community size (> 250,000 or < 25,000 people) for 1991. all cancer articles (n = 1027) in five newspapers with large circulations, serving large communities, and five newspapers with small circulations, serving small communities, were read and evaluated for focus and ...	2001	11702493
identification of human multidrug resistance protein 1 (mrp1) mutations and characterization of a g671v substitution.	the multidrug resistance protein 1 (mrp1) belonging to the atp-binding cassette (abc) superfamily of transport proteins can confer resistance to multiple natural product drugs and methotrexate in human tumor cells. in addition, mrp1 is expressed in normal tissues acting as an efflux pump for glutathione, glucuronate, and sulfate conjugates and may thus influence the pharmacokinetic properties of many drugs. using polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, we scre ...	2001	11721885
complex partial epileptic-like experiences in university students and practitioners of dharmakaya in thailand: comparison with canadian university students.	we tested the hypothesis that individuals who frequently practice meditation within another culture whose assumptions explicitly endorse this practice should exhibit more frequent and varied experience associated with complex partial epilepsy (without the seizures) as inferred by the personal philosophy inventory and roberts' questionnaire for the epileptic spectrum disorder. 80 practitioners of dharma meditation and 24 university students in thailand were compared with 76 students from first-ye ...	2001	11729543
incremental cost-effectiveness analysis comparing rofecoxib with nonselective nsaids in osteoarthritis: ontario ministry of health perspective.	clinical trials have shown rofecoxib, a selective inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase-2, to be associated with fewer gastrointestinal complications than non-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids).	2001	11735672
community health profile of windsor, ontario, canada: anatomy of a great lakes area of concern.	the rates of mortality, morbidity as hospitalizations, and congenital anomalies in the windsor area of concern ranked among the highest of the 17 areas of concern on the canadian side of the great lakes for selected end points that might be related to pollution in this relatively highly industrialized city. mortality and morbidity rates from all causes were higher than in the rest of the province. anomalously high rates of diseases included various cancers; endocrine, nutritional, metabolic, and ...	2001	11744501
update on perinatal hiv.	question: many patients in my practice come from countries where hiv is endemic. are there current figures on their risk of being infected during pregnancy? answer: in ottawa and toronto, ont, about half the pregnant women identified as hiv-positive were born in countries where hiv is endemic. if you suspect a woman has hiv or have other questions, call the motherisk hiv-healthline at 1-888-246-5840. human immunovirus infection among pregnant women continues to be a serious public health concern ...	2001	11768917
who works in addictions treatment services? some results from an ontario survey.	this paper summarizes results from a survey of staff of specialized addiction treatment agencies in ontario and includes information on demographic characteristics, education and related issues for those working in different types of agencies. across all agencies 80% of staff had some sort of post secondary academic qualification and the majority reported taking professional development courses in the previous 12 months. however, only 20% of all respondents were "certified" as either an addictio ...	2001	11795581
human surveillance for west nile virus infection in ontario in 2000.	the first reports of west nile virus (wnv) infection in the united states in 1999 prompted ontario to establish a surveillance protocol to monitor for the possible spread of the virus into the province. surveillance components included evaluation of dead birds, sentinel chickens, mosquito pools and human disease. we report the results of human surveillance in 2000.	2002	11800244
regression models for allele sharing: analysis of accumulating data in affected sib pair studies.	advances in human genome mapping have led to the identification of large numbers of genetic markers that allow systematic searches for multiple disease susceptibility genes for complex traits. a common design involves the recruitment of families with at least two children affected with the disease of interest. the objective is to find chromosomal regions that harbour susceptibility genes for the disease. the affected children, their parents if available, and sometimes other, unaffected, siblings ...	2002	11813229
ontario adopts policy on discrimination based on gender identity.	on 30 march 2000, as a follow-up to a discussion/consultation paper on gender identity, the ontario human rights commission approved a "policy on discrimination and harassment because of gender identity."	2000	11833157
court rejects appeal for safe supply of medical marijuana.	as previously reported, in a may 1999 decision in wakeford v canada, the ontario superior court of justice granted an hiv-positive man an "interim constitutional exemption" from the provisions in the controlled drugs and substances act that make it an offence to possess or to produce or cultivate marijuana.	2000	11833206
motion to strike claim dismissed in hiv defamation suit.	on 23 april 2001, the ontario superior court of justice issued the first canadian ruling on the issue of whether words inputing that a person is hiv-positive or has aids can be the basis of a defamation action per se, in the case of serdar v metroland printing, publishing and distributing ltd.	2001	11837012
court dismisses constitutional challenge to ban on assisted suicide.	on 6 february 2001, the ontario superior court of justice dismissed a constitutional challenge by jim wakeford, a toronto man with hiv/aids and an advocate for access to medical marijuana, to the sections of the criminal code that outlaw assisted suicide in canada.	2001	11837023
new developments at the university of ottawa community legal clinic.	this is another in our series of articles about canadian legal clinics that provide specialized services to people with hiv/aids. vanessa gruben describes new trends in legal issues observed by the university of ottawa community legal clinic since the last article by the clinic in 1999, as well as other programs and projects undertaken by the clinic over the last year.	2001	11837024
newman's theory of health applied in family caregiving in canada.	this study was conducted using an innovative mode of heuristic inquiry within the context of newman's theory of health as expanding consciousness. twelve caregiving families of persons who were diagnosed with schizophrenia participated in the study. in accordance with newman's theory of health as praxis, the majority of the participants in the study recognized their patterns of the whole. as a result, they reported understanding and acceptance of their relative's mental illness.	1999	11847656
the ontario mother and infant survey: breastfeeding outcomes.	a cross-sectional survey of postpartum women following discharge from five hospitals in ontario, canada, examined breatfeeding patterns and risk factors for early discontinuation. consenting mothers completed self-administered questionnaires prior to discharge (n = 1250) and telephone interviews at 4 weeks postdischarge (n = 875). breastfeeding initiation rates for women completing the interview varied from 82% to 96% across the sites. continuation rates rapidly declined, with 13% to 24% of wome ...	2001	11847986
a survey of physicians knowledge regarding awareness of maternal alcohol use and the diagnosis of fas.	alcohol is the most widely used drug in the world that is a human teratogen whose use among women of childbearing age has been steadily increasing. it is also probable that fetal alcohol syndrome is under diagnosed by physicians. the objectives of this study were twofold: 1) to evaluate the experience, knowledge and confidence of family physicians with respect to the diagnosis of fas and 2) to evaluate physicians awareness of maternal drinking patterns.	2002	11860607
criminalization of assisted suicide challenged.	in september 1999, jim wakeford, a toronto man with hiv/aids, launched a civil action against the attorney general of canada, challenging the constitutionality of sections of the criminal code that criminalize assisted suicide.	1999	11868549
allegations of hiv infection raised in criminal trial of escort agency owner.	at the beginning of october 1999, a toronto man who owned an escort agency went to trial in the ontario superior court of justice on numerous charges of living off the avails of prostitution and procuring for the purpose of prostitution. on the first day of trial, the prosecutor indicated he would be introducing evidence suggesting that three of the women who worked as escorts for mark lucacko's agency may be hiv-positive.	1999	11868553
legal, ethical, and human rights issues facing east and southeast asian-canadians.	in the last issue of the newsletter, we reported about a project on hiv/aids and discrimination in south asian communities in canada, undertaken by the toronto-based alliance for south asian aids prevention (asap). in this issue, we report about another project focusing on issues of discrimination in ethnocultural communities in canada: a project on legal, ethical, and human rights issues facing east and southeast asian-canadians, undertaken by a toronto-based aids-service organization, the asia ...	1999	11868556
continuing education for staff in long-term care facilities: corporate philosophies and approaches.	the purpose of this study was to determine corporate philosophies of continuing education and approaches to meeting the learning needs of staff who strive to provide for the increasingly challenging care requirements of seniors who reside in long-term care facilities. in-depth interviews lasting approximately 1 hour were conducted with key informants at the administrative level from nine long-term care facilities. content analysis revealed a commitment to continuing education for staff. while re ...	2001	11868744
questions of interest.		2002	11873912
postexposure treatment and animal rabies, ontario, 1958-2000.	this paper investigates the relationship between animal rabies and postexposure treatment (pet) in ontario by examining the introduction of human diploid cell vaccine (hdcv) in 1980 and the initiation of an oral rabies vaccination program for wildlife in 1989. introducing hdcv led to an immediate doubling of treatments. both animal rabies and human treatments declined rapidly after the vaccination program was introduced, but human treatments have leveled off at approximately 1,000 per year.	2002	11897079
hnf-1alpha g319s, a transactivation-deficient mutant, is associated with altered dynamics of diabetes onset in an oji-cree community.	the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the oji-cree of northwestern ontario is the third highest in the world. a private mutation, g319s, in hnf1a, which encodes hepatic nuclear factor-1alpha (hnf-1alpha), was associated with oji-cree type 2 diabetes and was found in approximately 40% of affected subjects. the g319s mutation reduced the in vitro ability of hnf-1alpha to activate transcription by approximately 50%, with no effect on dna binding or protein stability. there was no evidence o ...	2002	11904371
supply and demand for cardiac nurses in ontario: perceptions of cnos.	this article presents the results of a nursing survey of cardiac care hospitals undertaken by a cardiac care network of ontario consensus panel on cardiovascular human resources. the focus of the panel was to identify areas of current or pending shortages in human resources and make recommendations to the ministry of health and long-term care about human resource management in adult cardiac care in ontario. the article presents the number and mix of full-time, part-time and casual nursing staff, ...	2002	11908543
conflicting interests in toronto: anatomy of a controversy at the interface of academia and industry.	in december 2000, the university of toronto breached a contract it held with me, initiating a sequence of events that has led to a public letter to the university from a large number of senior figures in the psychopharmacology community, protesting against the infringement of academic freedom involved, and a first-ever legal action seeking redress for violation of academic freedom. this case has been intertwined from the start with a longer running debate about the possibility that the ssri grou ...	2002	11919383
associations between indicators of livestock farming intensity and incidence of human shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli infection.	the impact of livestock farming on the incidence of human shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) infection was assessed by using several livestock density indicators (ldi) that were generated in a systematic approach. a total of 80 ldi were considered suitable proxy measures for livestock density. multivariate poisson regression identified several ldi as having a significant spatial association with the incidence of human stec infection. the strongest associations with human stec infectio ...	2002	11927021
paramedics face dismissal for refusing flu shots.		2002	11944775
perception of genuine and masking smiles in children and adults: sensitivity to traces of anger.	the authors examined children's and adults' sensitivity to traces of anger in masking smiles by presenting participants with short video excerpts of smiles that differed by the intensity of an anger component. fifty-two children, aged 6 to 12 years, and 26 adults were asked to judge whether a stimulus person was really happy or pretending to be happy. six- and 7-year-old children were found to be sensitive to traces of anger, but less so than older children and adults. researchers found evidence ...	2002	11952265
use of oseltamivir during influenza outbreaks in ontario nursing homes, 1999-2000.	to describe the experience of ontario long-term care facilities that used oseltamivir during influenza outbreaks in 1999/2000.	2002	11982659
the gay cousin: learning to accept gay rights.	in 1996-97 the author interviewed 73 civic leaders in hamilton, ontario, canada, on their attitudes toward gay rights. twelve respondents opposed gay rights, 40 were moderately favorable to gay rights, and 21 were strongly favorable. almost all favored basic equality rights (education, housing, employment), and only 10 said they had difficulty with gay sexuality. twenty-seven volunteered a concern with gay "flaunting," but this did not mean that they necessarily opposed gay rights. respondents h ...	2001	11991563
where to from here?	although this conceptual framework is easy to understand, the data requirements for the mathematical model that underpins the framework are complex and must be defined carefully. in our framework, simulations of the health system are used to provide needs-based estimates that are aimed at optimizing outcomes. this type of model builds on research conducted at the macro, meso, and micro levels in order to reflect the complexity of relationships in the health human resource process. the papers in ...	2002	11998195
realizing potential: improving interdisciplinary professional/paraprofessional health care teams in canada's northern aboriginal communities through education.	to address a shortage of health professional human resources and to overcome cultural barriers, the interdisciplinary health care teams practicing in most northern canadian aboriginal communities include a number of paraprofessionals recruited locally. this model has great potential to fill service gaps in many rural contexts; there are challenges, however. drawing from an extensive program of research in indigenous communities in the northwestern part of the province of ontario, we identify fac ...	2002	12028894
diphyllobothriasis: update on human cases, foci, patterns and sources of human infections and future considerations.	diphylobothriasis is a well documented disease of humans. on a world scale new infections are reported regularly, especially from russia and parts of japan. globally, new species have been discovered and the etiology of the disease may be changing. human infections appear to be in decline but it is not clear if the sources of infection are also in decline or if public health awareness has improved. in north america there has been a decline in human cases while in south america an increase in rep ...	2001	12041607
construction and validation of a fatigue impact scale for daily administration (d-fis).	the fatigue impact scale (fis) was developed previously as a symptom-specific profile measure of health-related quality of life (hrqol) for use in medical conditions in which fatigue is a prominent chronic symptom. thus, it was not developed to be a responsive measure of daily changes in fatigue. this study describes the development and initial validation of an adaptation of the fis for daily use. items for the daily fatigue impact scale (d-fis) were selected from the pool of original fis items ...	2002	12074263
gastrointestinal absorption of uranium in humans.	the gastrointestinal absorption factor (f1) for uranium in humans has been determined from a study of 50 volunteers, ingesting uranium at natural levels in drinking water and food. the purpose of the study was to find an appropriate f1 value for humans to use in deriving exposure guidelines for uranium. the participants ranged in age from 13 to 87 years. they were selected from two communities: new ross, nova scotia with elevated uranium in drinking water, and ottawa, ontario with very low level ...	2002	12075682
trends of medication errors in hospitalized children.	medication errors are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized children. due to the small volumes of stock solution involved, even a large error may look as an unsuspiciously small dose. strategies were implemented to reduce medication errors in a large tertiary pediatric hospital in toronto. starting in 1993, several initiatives were taken, including a new hospital computer system for medication ordering, a review process to remove hazardous drugs from wards where they are no ...	2002	12092737
influence of temperature on cryptosporidium parvum oocyst infectivity in river water samples as detected by tissue culture assay.	cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were stored in 1-ml aliquots of filtered river water at -20, 4, 10, and 21-23 c in the dark. oocysts were also added to filter-sterilized river water samples and stored at 21-23 c. the infectivity of oocysts stored under different conditions was assayed at weekly intervals through infection of human adenocarcinoma ileocecal (hct-8) cell monolayers. wells containing between 10 and 100 foci of infection were enumerated by immunofluorescent microscopy, and the number ...	2002	12099446
the experiences of professional nurses who have migrated to canada: cosmopolitan citizenship or democratic racism?	this interpretive research analyses the discourse of nurses who migrated to canada and experienced racism. they also experienced reprisals when they formally complained about racism in a context of denial of the problem of racism by colleagues and employers. the present work focuses on two issues arising from the data: the problem of how to make racism visible among those who have a vested interest in denying its existence and the emotional cool of those filing grievances or complaints in contra ...	2002	12100877
the caribbean migrant farm worker programme in ontario: seasonal expansion of west indian economic spaces.	the authors describe a program sponsored by farmers in canada to import seasonal agricultural workers to ontario from the caribbean and mexico. "on the basis of survey data obtained in 1987, this paper focuses primarily on levels of earnings and characteristics of individual participants. some comparisons are also made between the ontario programme and one in florida which also involved temporary west indian labour." (summary in fre and spa)	1992	12159613
the effect of a hepatitis serology testing algorithm on laboratory utilization.	laboratory testing algorithms use patient and laboratory data to identify the optimal testing strategy for patients. studies have shown that these algorithms can decrease test utilization. since over-utilization of hepatitis serological tests was suspected, a hepatitis serology testing algorithm was initiated in ontario, canada. this study determined the effects of this algorithm on utilization.	2002	12164979
more money would put an end to emergency room crunches.		2002	12171753
the canadian approach to the settlement and adaptation of immigrants.	canada has been the host to over 400,000 refugees since world war ii. the settlement and adaptation process is supported by the federal government and by the majority of provincial governments. under the national and regional employment and immigration commission ceic) settlement organizations the major programs administered to effect the adaptation of newcomers are: 1) the adjustment assistance program, 2) the immigrant settlement and adaptation program, 3) the language/skill training progra ...	1986	12178937
a physician workforce planning model applied to canadian anesthesiology: assessment of needs.	a human resource planning model for anesthesiology is described.	2002	12193482
[brazilian migration to north america].	"this article is a comparative study of brazilian immigration to canada and the united states. analyses of recently collected data, in toronto, ontario, as well as in a medium sized u.s. community permit this study to examine the adaptation and adjustment experiences of a new group of immigrants to north america. this article begins with a discussion of the origins of this recent immigrant group, and its rapid expansion. next, this study focuses on the labor force activities of brazilian immi ...	1992	12286239
brazilian immigration to north america.	"this article is a comparative study of brazilian immigration to canada and the united states. analysis of recently collected data in toronto, ontario and in a medium-size u.s. community facilitated the examination of the adaptation and adjustment experiences of a new group of immigrants to north america. this article begins with a discussion of the origins of this recent immigrant group and its rapid expansion. next, it focuses on the labor force activities of brazilian immigrants and compare ...	1994	12287274
captain condom targets gay and bisexual men.	the aids committee of ottawa has developed six postcards to promote condom use among gay and bisexual men. since it has been shown that people with high self-esteem are more likely than others to have safer sex, all of the postcards encourage readers to be proud of their sexuality an to take care to not become infected with hiv. the cards and messages were developed through the project "talking safer sex - man to man" established by the creator of the central postcard character, the committee ...	1993	12287377
a case study of the labour market status of recent mainland chinese immigrants, metropolitan toronto.	"this article focuses on an analysis of the labour market status of recent mcis [mainland chinese immigrants to canada], taking into account such factors as gender, educational attainment, language proficiency and period of arrival (or length of residence in canada), and uses metropolitan toronto as a case study. the effect of each factor on mcis' labour market status will be analysed separately, followed by two logit models examining the simultaneous effects of the factors and their relative im ...	1996	12292181
norplant entered canada through the back door.	three women's groups registered their concerns and recommendations about the use of norplant in canada, where it was approved for use in november, 1993. the national action committee on the status of women had the following reservations: 1) norplant requires trained personnel for its insertion and removal (both minor surgical procedures), which makes it controlled by the provider; 2) there is a potential for misuse without adequate informed consent, especially among welfare recipients, disabled ...	1994	12318719
tremblay v. daigle, 8 august 1989.	the putative father of an 18-week-old fetus sought an injunction to prevent the mother from having an abortion. the canadian supreme court reversed a lower court ruling granting the injunction (see dominion law reports, series 4, vol. 59, p. 609). it held that a fetus is not a "human being" under the quebec charter of human rights and freedoms or the quebec civil code and is not a "person" under anglo-canadian law. it also concluded that a father's interest in a fetus does not give him the rig ...	1989	12344357
campbell v. attorney-general of ontario, 30 january 1987.	the court held that the plaintiff, the owner of a business adjoining an abortion clinic, had no standing to challenge the ontario attorney general's decision to stay proceedings against the physicians operating the clinic. the court ruled that the plaintiff had no genuine interest in the proceedings and that his rights had not been denied or infringed. moreover, it found that he could not assert the rights of unborn children because unborn children have no rights under the canadian charter of ri ...	1987	12346691
pay equity act (no. 34 of 1987), 29 june 1987.	this document contains major provisions of ontario, canada's 1987 pay equity act. the act seeks to redress systemic gender discrimination in compensation for work performed by employees in "female job classes" and applies to all private sector employers in ontario with 10 or more employees, all public sector employers, and the employees of applicable employers. the act continues to apply even if an employer subsequently reduces the number of employees below 10. the act calls for identificatio ...	1987	12346757
patient-focused care on a complex continuing care dialysis unit: rose's story.	using the standards of patient-focused care and the values of parse's human becoming school of thought, nurses at sunnybrook and women's college health sciences centre in toronto, ontario are exploring new ways to be with patients needing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis on complex continuing care units. for patients such as rose, health and quality of life are being enhanced through the practice of these methodologies. "i feel cared for." how can health care professionals nurture perso ...	2002	12387129
acceptability and impact of pet visitation on a pediatric cardiology inpatient unit.	we evaluated the effectiveness of a pet visitation program in helping children and their families adjust to hospitalization on a pediatric cardiology ward. thirty-one pet visits were observed and followed by interviews with patients and parents. analysis of data suggested that pet visits relieved stress, normalized the hospital milieu, and improved patient and parent morale. the benefit received by the subjects correlated with the amount of physical contact and rapport developed with the visitin ...	2002	12395303
building capacity in nursing: creating a leadership institute.	the authors describe the development of the dorothy m. wylie nursing leadership institute, an innovative partnership of the nursing effectiveness, outcomes and utilization research unit at the university of toronto site and nurse consultants with expertise in organizational and human resource development. the context for the initiative, needs and rationale, supporting literature and the coalition-building and planning activities are outlined. the program and its conceptual underpinnings, creatio ...	2002	12395973
the importance of being marginal: norma ford walker and a canadian school of medical genetics.	this study reviews the development of a medical genetics research tradition in toronto, canada. this research tradition, what i call the "ford walker school," was forged in the 1930s in an iconoclastic mold. it was female-dominated in an era when leading-edge science was definitely not "women's work." it emerged in a leading research university, but in a country that lagged in the sciences. these social relations of gender and nation symbolized and sustained a marginality that was reinforced by ...	2002	12400056
utility of zanamivir for chemoprophylaxis of concomitant influenza a and b in a complex continuing care population.	to describe compliance with and the safety and prophylactic efficacy of zanamivir among patients at risk of developing influenza-related complications after exposure to both influenza a and b viruses.	2002	12400891
nosocomial influenza at a canadian pediatric hospital from 1995 to 1999: opportunities for prevention.	nineteen cases of nosocomial influenza occurred at a pediatric hospital during a 5-year period. only one of the nine children with chronic health conditions had been immunized. length of stay was prolonged for seven children, with three intensive care unit admissions. we have now implemented strategies to decrease nosocomial influenza infection.	2002	12400897
prevalence of infection with carcinogenic human papillomavirus among older women.		2002	12406945
it ain't necessarily so: most women do not strongly prefer female obstetrician-gynaecologists.	to examine whether canadian women seeking care from obstetrician-gynaecologists prefer to see female or male physicians or have no strong preference in this regard.	2002	12417903
insulin: discovery and controversy.	during the first two decades of the 20th century, several investigators prepared extracts of pancreas that were often successful in lowering blood sugar and reducing glycosuria in test animals. however, they were unable to remove impurities, and toxic reactions prevented its use in humans with diabetes. in the spring of 1921, frederick g. banting, a young ontario orthopedic surgeon, was given laboratory space by j.j.r. macleod, the head of physiology at the university of toronto, to investigate ...	2002	12446492