Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| molecular epidemiology of rabies virus isolated from different sources during a bat-transmitted human outbreak occurring in augusto correa municipality, brazilian amazon. | we genetically characterize rabies virus (rabv) strains isolated from human cases, domestic and wild animals during a human outbreak of bat-transmitted rabies in augusto correa municipality, pará state, brazilian amazon in 2005. partial nucleotide sequences of the n gene (491 bp) were obtained for all strains, and phylogenetic analysis grouped these into two major clades (pará and central-southeast) and identified them as bat-related viruses genotype i, desmodus rotundus antigenic variant 3 (agv ... | 2008 | 17996263 |
| high crmp2 expression in peripheral t lymphocytes is associated with recruitment to the brain during virus-induced neuroinflammation. | collapsin response mediator protein (crmp)-2 is involved in t-cell polarization and migration. to address the role of crmp2 in neuroinflammation, we analyzed its involvement in lymphocyte recruitment to the central nervous system in mouse infected with neurotropic and non-neurotropic virus strains (rabv, cdv). a sub-population of early-activated cd69+cd3+ t lymphocytes highly expressing crmp2 (crmp2hi) peaked in the blood, lymph nodes and brain of mice infected with neurotropic viruses, and corr ... | 2008 | 18006081 |
| immunogenicity and safety of a new vero cell rabies vaccine produced using serum-free medium. | the immunogenicity and safety of a new human rabies vaccine, produced in vero cells by a process that does not require supplementation with human or animal derived components in production, were assessed. thus, the objective is to produce a safer vaccine at a lower cost. a total of 296 volunteers was divided into two groups: group 1, which received the study vaccine, and group 2, which received the vero cells vaccine produced by sanofi pasteur. five doses were given on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28. b ... | 2007 | 18029066 |
| small red bean (azuki) sheds biologically active substances as a prerequisite step for germination, one of which displays the antiviral activity against the rabies virus infectivity and infections in culture. | when small red beans (azuki bean; vigna angularis ohwi et ohashi) were soaked and warmed in water or saline, the beans began to absorb water to swell and exuded kinds of substances probably as a prerequisite step for seed germination. such exudate fluids displayed strong antiviral activity against the rabies virus infections in culture. on the other hand, little anti-rabies activity was detected in the aqueous extracts from the red beans when tested soon after the extraction from powdered beans, ... | 2007 | 18037784 |
| motion processing: where the medium is the message. | the primate retina serves up three channels for visual entertainment, of which just one is used for the primary analysis of motion. a prominent, unique class of neuron has a dominant role in transmission from cortical area v1. | 2007 | 18054761 |
| genetic analysis of phosphoprotein and matrix protein of rabies viruses isolated in brazil. | to investigate the genetic characteristics of phosphoprotein (p) and matrix protein (m) genes of variable rabies virus (rv) prevalent in brazil, the authors genetically characterized the p and m genes from 30 brazilian rv field isolates. phylogenetic analysis based on the p and m genes revealed the presence of six rv variants that consisted primarily of three insectivorous bats, the vampire bat, dog and fox in brazil. specific amino acid substitutions corresponding to these phylogenetic lineages ... | 2007 | 18057829 |
| analytical approach for the extraction of recombinant membrane viral glycoprotein from stably transfected drosophila melanogaster cells. | parameters for storage, lysis and concentration of drosophila melanogaster schneider 2 (s2acrvgp) cells expressing the recombinant rabies virus glycoprotein (rvgp) were studied with regard to rvgp quantification by elisa, for productivity evaluation and future purification. lysis buffers were formulated with tris, nacl, glycerol, edta, kcl, na(2)po(4), mgcl(2), pmsf and np-40 or chaps. s2acrvgp cells (10(7) cells at the exponential growth phase) were frozen at -20 degrees c as a dry pellet, susp ... | 2008 | 18064610 |
| [attention-getting zoonoses: rabies]. | 2007 | 18069289 | |
| infection of monocytes or immature dendritic cells (dcs) with an attenuated rabies virus results in dc maturation and a strong activation of the nfkappab signaling pathway. | to assess the potential role of dendritic cells (dcs) or monocytes in the development of a protective immune response, we infected human immature dcs or monocytes with a live rabies virus (rv) vaccine strain (spbngas-gas) and a pathogenic rv (dog4). both cell types were infected with spbngas-gas and dog4 and both rvs were similarly potent in inducing maturation of immature dcs or monocytes. however, in contrast to dog4, spbngas-gas induced very high levels of ifn-alpha1 mrna in monocytes and dcs ... | 2008 | 18082293 |
| oral vaccination of dogs (canis familiaris) with baits containing the recombinant rabies-canine adenovirus type-2 vaccine confers long-lasting immunity against rabies. | rabies is a reemerging and fatal infectious disease in asia mainly caused by exposure to rabid dogs. prevention of dog rabies would be the most effective way to stop rabies transmission to humans. however, vaccinating stray dogs in urban and rural areas using conventional vaccines is always difficult and is not cost-effective for use in most areas including china. further to previous studies from our laboratory, we developed a bait containing the recombinant rabies vaccine and performed a non-pa ... | 2008 | 18083277 |
| brain nuclei controlling the spinal respiratory motoneurons in the newborn mouse. | a retrograde and transneuronal infection with rabies virus was performed in mouse neonates to locate the central nervous structures involved in the motor command of the spinal respiratory motoneurons and to discriminate the location and hierarchical organization of the neurons in and between these infected central nervous structures. | 2008 | 18085259 |
| [an epidemiological study of rabies virus in domestic dogs, cats and wildlife and the immunogenicity study for rabies vaccines derived from different cell cultured virus strains]. | for epidemiological investigation of the rabies virus carrier rates of domestic dogs, cats and wild animals like rodent animals and bats,three kinds of regions where rabies had higher incidence (hunan and guizhou provinces), lower incidence (jiangsu province, wuhan city) and provisionally rabies-free (shenyang city) were selected. then the antigenic types, the genovariation of the isolaled viruses and the currently vaccine matching of the virus strains were analyzed. the results showed that in c ... | 2007 | 18092676 |
| the glycoprotein and the matrix protein of rabies virus affect pathogenicity by regulating viral replication and facilitating cell-to-cell spread. | while the glycoprotein (g) of rabies virus (rv) is known to play a predominant role in the pathogenesis of rabies, the function of the rv matrix protein (m) in rv pathogenicity is not completely clear. to further investigate the roles of these proteins in viral pathogenicity, we constructed chimeric recombinant viruses by exchanging the g and m genes of the attenuated sn strain with those of the highly pathogenic sb strain. infection of mice with these chimeric viruses revealed a significant inc ... | 2008 | 18094173 |
| a comparison of antigenicity and certain biological characteristics of six substrains of pasteur fixed rabies virus. | 1948 | 18106201 | |
| studies on chick embryo adapted rabies virus; culture characteristics and pathogenicity. | 1948 | 18106204 | |
| experimental studies on rabies virus. | 1949 | 18113222 | |
| first report of rabies in vampire bats (desmodus rotundus) in an urban area, ubatuba, são paulo state, brazil. | the purpose of this report is to record the first case of a hematophagous bat (desmodus rotundus) infected with rabies virus in an urban area in brazil. to the authors' knowledge, this is the first such case in latin america. after discovering a bat in his garden at 10 o'clock in the morning, a resident of ubatuba municipality asked the zoonosis control center team to visit his home. the animal was caught alive on the same day and sent to the pasteur institute laboratory, where it was identified ... | 2007 | 18157407 |
| rabies in a nine-year-old child: the myth of the bite. | a nine-year-old boy died from rabies encephalitis caused by a rabies virus variant associated with insectivorous bats. the patient was most likely infected in the laurentian mountains of western quebec, but neither the patient nor his parents remembered any direct contact with an animal. the diagnosis was made seven days after the start of symptoms. after examining the most recent cases of rabies in north america, it is obvious that rabies following bat exposure can occur without history of a do ... | 2002 | 18159381 |
| diagnosis and analysis of a recent case of human rabies in canada. | on september 30, 2000, staff at the canadian food inspection agency's centre of expertise for rabies, located at the animal diseases research institute in ottawa, ontario, diagnosed rabies in a child from quebec. this was the first case of rabies in a human in canada in 15 years and in 36 years in the province of quebec. after spending a week in intensive care in a montreal hospital, the nine-year-old boy succumbed to this nearly always fatal disease. the boy had been exposed to a bat in late au ... | 2002 | 18159382 |
| delivery and follow-up of a healthy newborn from a mother with clinical rabies. | 2008 | 18162435 | |
| inferior rabies vaccine quality and low immunization coverage in dogs ( canis familiaris) in china. | human rabies in china continues to increase exponentially, largely due to an inadequate veterinary infrastructure and poor vaccine coverage of naive dogs. we performed an epidemiological survey of rabies both in humans and animals, examined vaccine quality for animal use, evaluated the vaccination coverage in dogs, and checked the dog samples for the presence of rabies virus. the lack of surveillance in dog rabies, together with the low immunization coverage (up to 2.8% in rural areas) and the h ... | 2008 | 18177524 |
| characterization of russian rabies virus vaccine strain rv-97. | the rv-97 rabies virus vaccine strain is widely used in russia as a component of the live attenuated oral anti-rabies vaccine "sinrab". this vaccine has also been used in some other countries, such as kazakhstan, belarus, and ukraine. entire genome sequencing is an effective tool for studying the genetic properties of virus strains. in this study, a simple technique for obtaining the entire genome sequence of the rabies virus was used. the entire genome sequence and the deduced amino acid sequen ... | 2008 | 18187223 |
| human exposure to potential rabies virus transmitters in olinda, state of pernambuco, between 2002 and 2006. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the data on human exposure to potential rabies virus transmitters in olinda, state of pernambuco, brazil. data from 7,062 patients who underwent antirabies prophylactic treatment in olinda between 2002 and 2006 were analyzed. as expected, dogs and cats were involved in most of the cases; i.e. 82.3 and 16.3%, respectively. attacks by nonhuman primates, bats and other species (unspecified) were also reported. among the 7,062 patients who underwent antir ... | 2007 | 18200411 |
| safety and immunogenicity of an ama-1 malaria vaccine in malian adults: results of a phase 1 randomized controlled trial. | the objective was to evaluate the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the ama-1-based blood-stage malaria vaccine fmp2.1/as02a in adults exposed to seasonal malaria. | 2008 | 18213374 |
| intradermal dna vaccination in ear pinnae is an efficient route to protect cats against rabies virus. | a dna vaccine against rabies (pgqh) was administrated to cats in order to examine different administration routes. four groups of three cats each were inoculated with pgqh as follows: group a, intramuscularly (im), 100 microg; group b, intranasally (in), 100 microg; group c, intradermally into ear pinnae (id-ep), 100 microg, and group d, im, 200 microl of phosphate buffer solution (pbs) alone (control group). blood was drawn on days 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180. groups a, b, and c received a ... | 2008 | 18215393 |
| efficient retrograde neuronal transduction utilizing self-complementary aav1. | adeno-associated virus (aav) is frequently used for gene transfer into the central nervous system (cns). similar to adenovirus and rabies virus, aav can be taken up by axons and retrogradely transported, resulting in neuronal gene expression distant from the injection site. we investigated the retrograde transport properties of self-complementary aav (scaav) serotypes 1-6 following peripheral injection. injection of scaav into either rat extensor carpi muscle or sciatic nerve resulted in detecta ... | 2008 | 18223548 |
| the changing scenario of rabies in india: are we moving towards its prevention and control? | 2007 | 18229438 | |
| ovine anti-rabies antibody production and evaluation. | in view of the disadvantages of human and equine rabies immunoglobulin still there is urgent needs for safe and cost-control anti-rabies immunoglobulins especially for person who have been severely exposed (categories iii) to the virus. our attempt to produce a less immunogenic and cheaper anti-rabies immunoglobulin affordable for those people living in developing countries, has been harnessed the ovine as a bioreactor instead the horse. the animals have been intramuscular immunized, and the pla ... | 2009 | 18242705 |
| protection of mice from rabies by intranasal immunization with inactivated rabies virus. | the mucosal immunization method is a needle-free alternative way of vaccination. this study evaluated the efficacy of mucosal immunization for rabies. mice were intranasally administered five times with inactivated and concentrated rabies virus antigen (crv) supplemented with or without cholera toxin (ct). the anti-rabies virus antibody titer of mice intranasally immunized with crv plus ct (crv/ct) was comparable to that of mice intraperitoneally immunized twice with the same amount of crv. viru ... | 2008 | 18256513 |
| epidemiology and molecular virus characterization of reemerging rabies, south africa. | the incidence of dog rabies in limpopo province, south africa, increased from 5 cases in 2004 to 100 in 2006. human rabies had last been confirmed in 1981, but investigations instituted after an index case was recognized in february 2006 identified 21 confirmed, 4 probable, and 5 possible human cases between august 5, 2005, and december 31, 2006. twelve of these case-patients were identified retrospectively because the diagnosis of rabies was not considered: 6 of these patients consulted a tradi ... | 2007 | 18258039 |
| a recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing rabies virus glycoprotein: safety and immunogenicity in dogs. | several recombinant vaccines expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein have been developed, particularly for the oral vaccination of wildlife. while these vaccines induce protective immunity in some animal species such as foxes, they are less effective in others. pseudorabies virus (prv) has been licensed for use as a live vaccine in pigs and possesses an excellent safety and efficacy record. we have used it to construct a recombinant virus, rprv/egfp/rgp, expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein ... | 2008 | 18262313 |
| era vaccine-derived cases of rabies in wildlife and domestic animals in ontario, canada, 1989-2004. | a vaccination program for the control of terrestrial rabies in the province of ontario, canada, began in 1989. during the period between 1989 and 2004, over 13 million baits containing the live, attenuated rabies virus era-bhk21 were distributed across the province, with the aim of immunizing foxes by the oral route. animals recovered from bait distribution areas were assayed by fluorescent antibody test for rabies virus infection. immunoreactivity with a panel of monoclonal antibodies that disc ... | 2008 | 18263823 |
| origins of the rabies viruses associated with an outbreak in newfoundland during 2002-2003. | after being free of rabies of terrestrial mammals since 1988, an outbreak of rabies occurred on the island of newfoundland in december 2002 and continued into the middle of 2003. twenty-one cases, all due to the arctic fox strain of rabies virus, were reported. to explore the immediate origins of this outbreak, viruses from the newfoundland epizootic were genetically compared to two other rabies viruses recovered in mid-2002 from cartwright, a mainland coastal community near the island. while al ... | 2008 | 18263824 |
| expression of the rabies virus nucleoprotein in plants at high-levels and evaluation of immune responses in mice. | transgenic plants have been employed successfully as a low-cost system for the production of therapeutically valuable proteins including antibodies, antigens and hormones. here, we report expression of a full-length nucleoprotein gene of rabies virus in transgenic tomato plants. the nucleoprotein was also transiently expressed in nicotiana benthamiana plants by agroinfiltration. in both cases, the nucleoprotein was expressed at high levels, 1-5% of total soluble protein in tomato and 45% in n. b ... | 2008 | 18270708 |
| necdin plays a role in the serotonergic modulation of the mouse respiratory network: implication for prader-willi syndrome. | prader-willi syndrome is a neurogenetic disease resulting from the absence of paternal expression of several imprinted genes, including necdin. prader-willi children and adults have severe breathing defects with irregular rhythm, frequent sleep apneas, and blunted respiratory regulations. for the first time, we show that prader-willi infants have sleep apneas already present at birth. in parallel, in wild-type and necdin-deficient mice, we studied the respiratory system with in vivo plethysmogra ... | 2008 | 18272695 |
| human rabies--alberta, canada, 2007. | on april 26, 2007, a patient from alberta, canada, died after 9 weeks in an intensive care unit (icu) from encephalitis caused by a rabies virus variant associated with silver-haired bats. this report summarizes the clinical course of disease in that patient, who was treated using the milwaukee protocol, an experimental treatment protocol similar to one used for the rabies survivor described in 2005. this report also describes the subsequent epidemiologic investigations by three regional public ... | 2008 | 18305449 |
| [decreased number neurons expressing gaba in the cerebral cortex of rabies-infected mice]. | gabaergic neurons synthesize and release gamma-aminobutyric acid, the predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. certain clinical signs of rabies and previous experimental studies have suggested that rabies viral infections affect the host gabaergic system. | 2007 | 18320122 |
| [neuronal dentritic morphology alterations in the cerebral cortex of rabies-infected mice: a golgi study]. | the neurological signs of rabies are very dramatic. nevertheless, the infected brain manifests only very subtle histological changes. | 2007 | 18320127 |
| a cpg oligodeoxynucleotide acts as a potent adjuvant for inactivated rabies virus vaccine. | to develop a cpg containing oligodeoxynucleotide (cpg odn)-enhanced rabies vaccine for stimulating an earlier production of rabies virus neutralizing antibody (rvnab) with high titers, we designed a cpg odn (bw006) and evaluated its adjuvant activities in enhancing the immune response to rabies vaccine with or without aluminum in mice. it was found that bw006 could facilitate the rabies vaccine to induce an earlier and more vigorous rvnab response, resulting in more effective protection of mice ... | 2008 | 18321616 |
| [molecule character of rabies virus in 3 counties in hunan china]. | to study the rabies molecular biology features in animals between high incidence area of rabies and no rabies cases area in hunan. | 2007 | 18322597 |
| humoral response to rabies vaccines in pet dogs. | humoral immune response was studied in dogs vaccinated with different tissue culture vaccines commonly used for immunization of dogs in india. the results revealed that after single dose of vaccination only 56% dogs developed protective titer (> or = 1:8). the response of the three vaccines used in the study was not similar, highlighting the need to maintain post marketing surveillance. | 2007 | 18338690 |
| [progression in studies on pathogenesis of rabies virus]. | rabies virus causes lethal neurological symptoms in humans and animals. rabies epidemics have continued to occur throughout the world, despite the fact that rabies can be effectively prevented by vaccination. the development of inexpensive and safe attenuated live vaccines and the establishment of cures are the keys to control rabies. to achieve these objectives, it is important to elucidate mechanism by which rabies virus causes disease. here, previous studies on the pathogenesis of rabies viru ... | 2007 | 18357757 |
| molecular characterization of the full-length genome of a rabies virus isolate from india. | rabies is an important public health problem in south east asia, with cases in this part of the world contributing to about 70% of the global burden. a large number of rabies cases occur in india, however, there is no organized system of surveillance and hence there is a lack of reliable data. moreover, comprehensive molecular epidemiological studies have not been performed on indian virus isolates. in this study, we determined the complete nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of a primary ... | 2008 | 18363090 |
| [rabies, a neglected threat]. | rabies is a viral infection causing about 55,000 deaths worldwide every year. however, the occurrence of rabies virus is neglected not only among people living in endemic areas, but especially among travellers. furthermore, many persons are not aware of the fact that rabies is almost always lethal. some of the indications for a prophylactic vaccination are travelling to rabies-endemic areas, contact with possibly contaminated tissues as well as working as a veterinarian. besides prophylactic vac ... | 2008 | 18368978 |
| investigation of the role of healthy dogs as potential carriers of rabies virus. | to investigate whether healthy animals are potential carriers of rabies virus in china, 153 domestic dogs were collected from a rabies enzootic area, anlong county in guizhou province, and monitored for 6 months. initially, findings of rabies virus antigen in the saliva of 15 dogs by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) test suggested they might be carriers. these 15 dogs were kept under observation for 6 months. none of the dogs showed any clinical signs of rabies during the observation ... | 2008 | 18380590 |
| generation and characterization of human monoclonal antibodies to g5, a linear neutralization epitope on glycoprotein of rabies virus, by phage display technology. | the aim of the present study was to discover distinct human mabs to rv with high neutralizing potency and a broad neutralization spectrum. a phage display technology was used to produce human scfv to g5, a conserved linear neutralization epitope on gp of rv. a phage display scfv library with 6 x 10(7) members was constructed and the phage-scfv with 'antigen-binding' activities were selected with synthetic peptide g5-24. the obtained scfv genes were cloned into pet22b(+)/bl21(de3) and from this w ... | 2008 | 18380806 |
| [possible exposure to rabies in anamnesis: rabies advice in the netherlands]. | anamnestic incidences of four patients have highlighted the potential risk ofexposure to rabies. the first patient was a 30-year-old woman who rescued a bat from the mouth of her dog; it bit her on the right wrist. in the netherlands, bats may be infected with the lyssa virus. the preparedness and response unit (pru) of the centre for infectious disease control (cidc) advised human rabies immunoglobulin (hrig) and a full vaccination programme. the second patient was a 37-year-old woman, who caug ... | 2008 | 18389875 |
| rabies virus in raccoons, ohio, 2004. | in 2004, the raccoon rabies virus variant emerged in ohio beyond an area where oral rabies vaccine had been distributed to prevent westward spread of this variant. our genetic investigation indicates that this outbreak may have begun several years before 2004 and may have originated within the vaccination zone. | 2008 | 18394286 |
| protecting indian schoolchildren against rabies: pre-exposure vaccination with purified chick embryo cell vaccine (pcecv) or purified verocell rabies vaccine (pvrv). | although rabies can be effectively prevented by means of preexposure or post-exposure prophylaxis, in india, an estimated 17,000 to 20,000 human rabies deaths occur annually. tragically, 50% of these victims are children under the age of 15. in addition to immediate post-exposure prophylaxis measures, including active and passive immunization, pre-exposure vaccination using tissue culture vaccines is a safe and effective but highly underutilized method of preventing rabies in humans living or wo ... | 2008 | 18398307 |
| an analysis of correspondence between unique rabies virus variants and divergent big brown bat (eptesicus fuscus) mitochondrial dna lineages. | the literature supports that unique rabies virus (rabv) variants are often compartmentalized in different species of bats. in colorado, two divergent mtdna lineages of big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus) co-occur. rabv associated with this species also segregates into two clades. we hypothesized that unique rabv variants might be associated with mtdna lineages of colorado big brown bats. dna was extracted from brain tissue of rabid big brown bats, the nd2 gene was amplified to determine mtdna line ... | 2008 | 18398562 |
| antibody response to an anti-rabies vaccine in a dog population under field conditions in bolivia. | rabies remains an important public health issue in bolivia, south america. public concern and fears are most focussed on dogs as the source of rabies. the objective of the present study was to assess immunity of an inactivated suckling mouse brain vaccine against canine rabies used for the official vaccination campaigns under field conditions in an endemic area of rabies in bolivia. a total of 236 vaccinated and 44 unvaccinated dogs in santa cruz de la sierra, selected using stratified random sa ... | 2008 | 18399941 |
| [application of immunofluorescence and sandwich elisa with double-antibodies in detection of human rabies]. | to explore the application of immunofluorescence and sandwich elisa with double-antibodies in detection of human rabies. | 2007 | 18402108 |
| expression, purification and immunodetection of a recombinant fragment (residues 179-281) of the g protein from rabies virus era strain. | the glycoprotein (g) of rabies virus (rv) is important for virus infectivity and induction of the protective immunity. in this study, the region comprising linear epitopes (residues 179-281, era strain), named rgera179-281, was cloned in frame with a hexahistidine tag coding sequence at its n-terminal end and overexpressed in escherichia coli rosetta strain. the expression under transcriptional regulation of t7 promoter yielded insoluble protein aggregates in the form of inclusion bodies. the in ... | 2008 | 18406167 |
| compendium of animal rabies prevention and control, 2008: national association of state public health veterinarians, inc. (nasphv). | rabies is a fatal viral zoonosis and a serious public health problem. the disease is an acute, progressive encephalitis caused by a lyssavirus. although the united states has been declared free of canine rabies virus variant transmission, multiple viral variants are maintained in wild mammal populations, and there is always a risk of reintroduction of canine rabies. all mammals are believed to be susceptible to the disease, and for purposes of this document, use of the term "animal" refers to ma ... | 2008 | 18418348 |
| bat rabies in the united states and canada from 1950 through 2007: human cases with and without bat contact. | since the 1980s, rare cases of rabies in humans in canada and the united states have been almost exclusively caused by the bat-variant virus. | 2008 | 18419432 |
| molecular epidemiology of rabies in indonesia. | in order to clarify the genetic relationships and dynamics of rabies viruses that are epidemic in indonesia, we determined and analyzed 1307 nucleotides of nucleoprotein genes of 34 rabies field isolates collected from sumatra, java, kalimantan, sulawesi and flores islands. results of phylogenetic analysis indicated that rabies isolates in indonesia formed one cluster, were of asian lineage, and were closely related to a rabies isolate in china rather than to rabies isolates in thailand, india o ... | 2008 | 18420300 |
| first isolation of eblv-2 in germany. | in europe, rabies in bats is caused by european bat lyssavirus (eblv) type 1 (eblv-1) or type 2 (eblv-2) which form two distinct genotypes (gt 5 and 6) within the genus lyssavirus of the family of rhadoviridae. spill-over infections of eblv in humans have caused fatal rabies encephalitis and highlighted the relevance of this wildlife disease for public health. the vast majority of the 831 european bat rabies cases reported between 1977 and 2006 were identified as eblv-1. only few virus isolates ... | 2008 | 18424021 |
| novel human 3-domain disulfide-stabilized antibody fragment against glycoprotein of rabies virus. | mutated disulfide bond sites vh (cys44) and vl (cys100) were constructed in variable domains (fvs) of the human anti-glycoprotein antigen of the rabies virus (anti-gprv), and the light chain variable (vl) and heavy chain variable (vh) fragments were linked using the heavy chain constant region 1 (ch1) of the human immunoglobulin (ig) to successfully construct a 3-domain disulfide-stabilized fragment of variables (3d-dsfv). 3d-dsfv was mainly expressed as an inclusion body. after refolding by the ... | 2008 | 18424153 |
| [rabies virus glycoprotein: structure, immunogenicity and pathogenic role]. | rabies glycoprotein is the only exposed protein which is inserted in the viral lipidie envelope. this 65-67 kda protein is a n-glycosilated transmembrane protein forming trimers on the viral surface. it has been identified as the major pathogenicity determinant, playing a role in the budding, viral axonal transport during infection, apoptosis and immune evasion. it is also the major antigen responsible for the protective immune response and it is been used in commercial recombinant vaccines. its ... | 2008 | 18425218 |
| [rabies in chile: 1989-2005]. | a retrospective epidemiological study about epidemiology of rabies in chile between years 1989 and 2005 was done. a data base of 39793 national registries of rabies samples was analyzed by means of statistical packages. out of 39793 analyzed cases, 719 bats, 7 dogs, 7 cats, 1 bovine and 1 human were positive to rabies throughout the 17 years of this study. the statistical analysis established a significant increase in the proportions of positivity in bats, with predominance of variant 4 between ... | 2008 | 18425219 |
| a simple and rapid immunochromatographic test kit for rabies diagnosis. | in rabies endemic countries, funds and infrastructure are often insufficient to employ the approved gold standard for the definitive diagnosis of rabies: the direct fluorescent test. in the present study, two types (type 1 and 2) of an ict kit were evaluated for detection of rabies. these were developed using monoclonal antibodies which recognize epitope ii and iii of the nucleoprotein of rabies virus. both kits specifically detected all rabies virus strains and there was no cross reactivity wit ... | 2008 | 18426399 |
| serosurvey of pathogens in domestic dogs on the border of noël kempff mercado national park, bolivia. | the threat of disease transmission from domestic animals to wildlife has become recognized as an increasing concern within the wildlife community in recent years. domestic dogs pose a significant risk as reservoirs for infectious diseases, especially for wild canids. as part of a multifaceted ecologic study of maned wolves and other canids in the large, remote noël kempff mercado national park (nkmnp) in northeastern bolivia, 40 domestic dogs in two villages and at two smaller settlements border ... | 2008 | 18432094 |
| induction and sequencing of rousette bat interferon alpha and beta genes. | bats are considered to be natural reservoirs for several viruses of clinical importance, including rabies virus, nipah virus, and hendra virus. type i interferons (ifns) is an important part of the immune system in the defense against viral infection. to investigate the function of type i ifns upon viral infection in bats, the nucleic acid, and amino acid sequences of egyptian rousette (rousettus aegyptiacus) ifn-alpha and -beta were characterized. sequence data indicated that bat ifn-alpha cons ... | 2008 | 18436311 |
| furious and paralytic rabies of canine origin: neuroimaging with virological and cytokine studies. | furious and paralytic rabies differ in clinical manifestations and survival periods. the authors studied magnetic resonance imaging (mri) and cytokine and virus distribution in rabies-infected dogs of both clinical types. mri examination of the brain and upper spinal cord was performed in two furious and two paralytic dogs during the early clinical stage. rabies viral nucleoprotein rna and 18 cytokine mrnas at 12 different brain regions were studied. rabies viral rna was examined in four furious ... | 2008 | 18444083 |
| [rabies in tunisia during the 19th century: case increase or disease emergence?]. | at the end of the 19th century, a canine rabies epidemics started in tunis and in several other cities of the beylik. archives' data trace the epidemics back to 1870 and at that time its rapid progression was ascribed to the increase of immigration from europe. whether the european "street rabies virus" was also imported with the settlers' pet dogs is controversial. the epidemics might rather be linked to other factors such as socio-cultural or ecological changes. the authors try to reconstruct ... | 2007 | 18447030 |
| emerging aspects of rabies infection: with a special emphasis on children. | increased awareness of the long-neglected rabies virus could promote the highly effective methods of preventing human deaths. rabies and rabies-related lyssaviruses have recently been appearing in unexpected places, sometimes with dire consequences. although rabies of canine origin remains 100% fatal in human beings, should the surprising recovery of a single unvaccinated child influence treatment now? | 2008 | 18448969 |
| rabies virus in a dog imported to the uk from sri lanka. | 2008 | 18453383 | |
| genetic characterisation of attenuated sad rabies virus strains used for oral vaccination of wildlife. | the elimination of rabies from the red fox (vulpes vulpes) in western europe has been achieved by the oral rabies vaccination (orv) of wildlife with a range of attenuated rabies virus strains. with the exception of the vaccinia rabies glycoprotein recombinant vaccine (vrg), all strains were originally derived from a common ancestor; the street alabama dufferin (sad) field strain. however, after more than 30 years of orv it is still not possible to distinguish these vaccine strains and there is l ... | 2008 | 18485548 |
| antigenic and genetic characterization of the first rabies virus isolated from the bat eumops perotis in brazil. | although the main transmitters of rabies in brazil are dogs and vampire bats, the role of other species such as insectivorous and frugivorous bats deserves special attention, as the rabies virus has been isolated from 36 bat species. this study describes the first isolation of the rabies virus from the insectivorous bat eumops perotis. the infected animal was found in the city of ribeirão preto, são paulo. the virus was identified by immunofluorescence antibody test (fat) in central nervous syst ... | 2008 | 18488088 |
| validation and standardization of virus neutralizing test using indirect immunoperoxidase technique for the quantification of antibodies to rabies virus. | a virus neutralizing test using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique (vnt-iip) for rabies has been developed for the titration of dog and cat serum samples in japan. the vnt-iip has the advantage that results obtained can be viewed by the naked eye. the purpose of this study was to validate the vnt-iip and compare it with one of the international standard methods, the fluorescent antibody virus neutralization test (favnt). the vnt-iip showed satisfactory repeatability, high analytical specific ... | 2008 | 18489544 |
| detrimental contribution of the immuno-inhibitor b7-h1 to rabies virus encephalitis. | rabies virus is the etiological agent of an acute encephalitis, which in absence of post exposure treatment is fatal in almost all cases. virus lethality rests on its ability to evade the immune response. in this study, we analyzed the role of the immuno-inhibitory molecule b7-h1 in this virus strategy. we showed that in the brain and spinal cord of mice, rabies virus infection resulted in significant up-regulation of b7-h1 expression, which is specifically expressed in infected neurons. correla ... | 2008 | 18490751 |
| human rabies prevention--united states, 2008: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices. | these recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) update the previous recommendations on human rabies prevention (cdc. human rabies prevention--united states, 1999: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices. mmwr 1999;48 [no. rr-1]) and reflect the status of rabies and antirabies biologics in the united states. this statement 1) provides updated information on human and animal rabies epidemiology; 2) summarizes the evidence regarding the e ... | 2008 | 18496505 |
| rabies in small animals. | rabies in small animals has been dramatically reduced in the united states since the introduction of rabies vaccination of domestic animals in the 1940s. as a consequence, the number of human rabies cases has declined to only a couple per year. during the past several years, the dog rabies variant has almost disappeared completely. rabies in wildlife has skyrocketed, however. each wildlife species carries its own rabies variant(s). these wildlife epizootics present a constant public health threa ... | 2008 | 18501283 |
| emerging viral encephalitides in dogs and cats. | few viral pathogens resulting in encephalitis in dogs and cats have emerged over the past decade or so. all are the result of penetration through presumed species barriers and all are considered zoonoses or possible zoonotic pathogens. in all cases, encephalitis is a rare event that has low morbidity but high mortality. more viruses are likely to emerge as pathogenic in our domesticated carnivorous companions as our habitats continue to overlap with the shrinking wildlife habitats. hopefully, ho ... | 2008 | 18501284 |
| characterization of human rabies virus vaccine strain in china. | human rabies virus vaccine strain ctn181 from china was sequenced. the overall length of the genome was 11,923 nucleotides (nt), comprising a leader sequence of 58 nt, nucleoprotein (n) gene of 1353 nt, phosphoprotein (p) gene of 894 nt, matrix protein (m) gene of 609 nt, glycoprotein (g) gene of 1575 nt, rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp, l) gene of 6387 nt, and a trailer region of 70 nt. the five monocistrons are separated by intergenic regions (igrs) of 2, 5, 5 and 24 nucleotides (nt), respe ... | 2008 | 18501987 |
| rabies in estonia: situation before and after the first campaigns of oral vaccination of wildlife with sag2 vaccine bait. | despite the extermination of stray animals and the compulsory vaccination of companion animals, rabies has been widely distributed over estonia for more than 30 years. the red fox and the raccoon dog are the rabies virus reservoirs. through a phare project, successive oral vaccination campaigns, using rabidog sag2 baits, were implemented in the autumn of 2005 in north estonia, and in the spring and autumn 2006 throughout the whole territory. after the autumn 2005 campaign, 73.5% of the raccoon d ... | 2008 | 18524435 |
| complete genome sequence of a raccoon rabies virus isolate. | the entire genome of a mid-atlantic raccoon strain rabies virus (rrv) isolated in canada was sequenced; this is the second north american wildlife rabies virus isolate to be fully characterized. the overall organization and length of the genome was similar to that of other lyssaviruses. the nucleotide sequence identity of the raccoon strain ranged between 32.7% and 85.0% when compared to other lyssaviruses, while the deduced amino acid sequence identity ranged between 22.9% and 94.2% with the nu ... | 2008 | 18554740 |
| high-resolution neuroanatomical tract-tracing for the analysis of striatal microcircuits. | although currently available retrograde tracers are useful tools for identifying striatal projection neurons, transported tracers often remained restricted within the neuronal somata and the thickest, main dendrites. indeed, thin dendrites located far away from the cell soma as well as post-synaptic elements such as dendritic spines cannot be labeled unless performing intracellular injections. in this regard, the subsequent use of anterograde tracers for the labeling of striatal afferents often ... | 2008 | 18561898 |
| up-regulation of chemokine gene transcripts and t-cell infiltration into the central nervous system and dorsal root ganglia are characteristics of experimental european bat lyssavirus type 2 infection of mice. | european bat lyssaviruses (eblv) types 1 and 2 are closely related to classical rabies virus (rabv), and are capable of causing rabies in terrestrial mammals, including humans. the authors have investigated the murine host innate immune response in the brain, salivary gland, spinal cord, and blood, following peripheral inoculation with eblv-2. in the brain, increases in toll-like receptor-3 (tlr-3) transcript preceded overt disease, with a range of inflammatory gene transcripts increasing during ... | 2008 | 18569456 |
| development of a taqman real-time rt-pcr assay for the detection of rabies virus. | diagnosis of rabies relies on the fluorescent antibody test (fat) from brain impression smears. the mouse brain inoculation test is used to confirm fat but requires weeks until the result is known. taqman real-time pcr has been described for rabies viral rna detection; however, this is burdened by primer and probe binding site mismatches. the purpose of this study was to develop a taqman real-time rt-pcr assay as an adjunct to fat, based on national data of 239 rabies nucleoprotein sequences fro ... | 2008 | 18572257 |
| lyssaviruses: current trends. | various technological developments have revitalized the approaches employed to study the disease of rabies. in particular, reverse genetics has facilitated the generation of novel viruses used to improve our understanding of the fundamental aspects of rabies virus (rabv) biology and pathogenicity and yielded novel constructs potentially useful as vaccines against rabies and other diseases. other techniques such as high throughput methods to examine the impact of rabies virus infection on host ce ... | 2008 | 18585530 |
| effects of anesthesia and surgery on serologic responses to vaccination in kittens. | to determine the effects of anesthesia and surgery on serologic responses to vaccination in kittens. | 2008 | 18593319 |
| amino acid at position 95 of the matrix protein is a cytopathic determinant of rabies virus. | the molecular mechanism involved in cytopathogenicity of rabies virus has not been fully elucidated yet. a fixed rabies virus nishigahara strain does not induce clear cytopathic effect (cpe) in mouse neuroblastoma (na) cells, whereas ni-ce strain, which was established after 100 passages of nishigahara strain in chicken embryo fibroblast cells, induces cpe that is characterized by rounding, shrinkage and detachment of the cells. in this study, to identify which viral gene is associated with the ... | 2008 | 18602710 |
| optimal control of vaccine distribution in a rabies metapopulation model. | we consider an sir metapopulation model for the spread of rabies in raccoons. this system of ordinary differential equations considers subpopulations connected by movement. vaccine for raccoons is distributed through food baits. we apply optimal control theory to find the best timing for distribution of vaccine in each of the linked subpopulations across the landscape. this strategy is chosen to limit the disease optimally by making the number of infections as small as possible while accounting ... | 2008 | 18613731 |
| efficacy and bait acceptance of vaccinia vectored rabies glycoprotein vaccine in captive foxes (vulpes vulpes), raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) and dogs (canis familiaris). | the red fox, dog, and raccoon dog are known to play a major role in the global epidemiology of rabies. these three canid species were used to compare the appetency and efficacy of two commercial bait formats, each containing a single dose of vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein (v-rg) vaccine. square and rectangular raboral v-rg baits were fed to individual caged animal, and results were evaluated using three parameters: bait consumption, induction of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies and protection ... | 2008 | 18620017 |
| inflammatory responses in the nervous system of mice infected with a street isolate of rabies virus. | rabies virus causes severe encephalitis that is invariably fatal for the victim. however, the contribution of the virus and the host to damage of the cns is unclear. in order to investigate this we studied the neuropathology and cns gene expression patterns in a murine model of rabies using a 'street' isolate rv61. this virus was derived from a human case of disease. in this model, infection of the cns progresses rapidly following inoculation in the periphery, leading to extensive virus replicat ... | 2008 | 18634467 |
| role of virus-induced neuropeptides in the brain in the pathogenesis of rabies. | rabies virus (rabv) infection is characterized by the rapid neuronal spread of rabv into the cns before a protective immune response is raised. therefore, a typical feature of rabv infection is the paucity of inflammatory reactions in the brain. here we examined whether the induction of immunosuppressive neuropeptides, in particular cgrp, may contribute to the ability of rabv to evade immune responses. rabv infection of mice caused a strong induction of calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) in ... | 2008 | 18634468 |
| pathogenic rabies virus alters host protein expression in the central nervous system: implications for neuronal dysfunction. | proteomics technology was employed to profile host responses to rabies virus (rabv) infection in order to understand how rabv infection results in neuronal dysfunction. in mice infected with wild-type (wt) rabv, the expression of proteins involved in ion homeostasis was altered. h+ atpase and na+/k+ atpase were up-regulated while ca2+ atpase was downregulated, which resulted in reduction of intracellular na+ and ca2+ concentrations. furthermore, infection with wt rabv resulted in down-regulation ... | 2008 | 18634469 |
| molecular epidemiology of lyssaviruses in eurasia. | the lyssavirus genus, a member of the rhabdoviridae family, consists of seven established related viruses (genotypes 1-7). rabies cases in eurasia are principally attributed to three of these genotypes, namely genotype 1 (rabv, classical rabies) and to a lesser extent genotypes 5 and 6 (european bat lyssaviruses type-1 and -2). in addition, four newly identified divergent lyssaviruses have been isolated from insectivorous bats. the molecular diversity of classical rabies viruses (genotype 1, rab ... | 2008 | 18634471 |
| stray dogs in bangkok, thailand: rabies virus infection and rabies antibody prevalence. | in thailand, the animal most reported rabid is the stray dog. dog bite related rabies cases in humans account for 70-95% of rabies related deaths. the reported incidence of dog bites is highest in the central part of the country, especially in bangkok. this epidemiological survey shows that at least five different canine rabies virus types are present in bangkok. rabies antigen and antibody prevalence in stray dogs in bangkok was also investigated. saliva and serum samples were taken from 3,314 ... | 2008 | 18634473 |
| rabies control in mexico. | rabies in dogs was unknown in the americas before the arrival of the spanish "conquistadores". until the mid-1980s rabies in animals and, in turn in humans, changed little from year to year, with the number of dog vaccinations reported annually rarely reaching one million. in mexico, the national rabies control programme using mass parenteral vaccination of dogs started in 1990 with about seven million dogs vaccinated the same year. the number of vaccinated dogs exceeded 10 and 15 million in 199 ... | 2008 | 18634477 |
| epidemiology of rabies in southeast europe. | rabies remains endemic within a number of countries in southeast europe including romania, bulgaria and turkey. with the probable expansion of the european union eastwards, it is likely that rabies elimination programs will be increased to reduce the burden of disease in new accession countries. a clear understanding of the epidemiology of the virus in this area of europe is vital before such programs are introduced. with the exception of turkey, the red fox (vulpes vulpes) is the principal dise ... | 2008 | 18634479 |
| rabies in the mongolian steppes. | historically, rabies in mongolia has been connected to the specific steppe and forest-steppe landscapes, known as the mongolian steppes. the main reservoirs of the rabies virus (rabv) are the wolf, red fox and corsac fox. fox rabies has been reported in mongolia since the early 1960s. eleven human rabies cases (0.4 per million inhabitants) were reported in mongolia from 1994-2004. wild animals predominated as a source of human infection: five people died following wolf bites, two were exposed to ... | 2008 | 18634480 |
| finnish-russian programme for the control of rabies (2005-2010). | the finnish-russian collaboration on rabies control began in 2000. this data summarizes the results of the scientific part of the programme, including rabies monitoring in russia and the molecular epidemiological studies with field viruses. | 2008 | 18634484 |
| efficacy of a square presentation of v-rg vaccine baits in red fox, domestic dog and raccoon dog. | oral vaccination programmes conducted in rabies infected countries from eastern europe and eurasia should not be restricted to foxes but should target other major rabies vectors such as dogs and raccoon dogs as well. the objective of this experimental trial was to assess the protection induced by the vaccine by challenging these different species, which had been previously vaccinated intramuscularly with the square v-rg baits (produced in the us). different parameters were evaluated such as attr ... | 2008 | 18634487 |
| a random grid based molecular epidemiological study on eblv isolates from germany. | germany has reported one of the highest levels of eblv cases in bats in europe. so far, all isolates originating from germany have been identified as eblv-1, using monoclonal antibodies, and a preliminary epidemiological study has indicated that there is a distinct geographical distribution of eblv-1 in germany. to further investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of eblv-1 variants in germany and their impact on molecular epidemiology, isolates were selected using a random grid sampling ... | 2008 | 18634492 |
| epidemiology and pathogenicity of african bat lyssaviruses. | lyssaviruses belonging to all four known african lyssavirus genotypes (gts) have been reported and isolated from southafrica over the past few decades. these are: (1) duvenhage virus (gt4), isolated again in 2006 from a human fatality; (2) mokola virus (gt3), isolated irregularly, mostly from cats; (3) lagos bat virus (gt2) continually isolated over the past four years from epomophorus fruit bats and from incidental terrestrial animals and (4) rabies virus (gt1) - with two virus biotypes endemic ... | 2008 | 18634494 |
| experimental infection of foxes with european bat lyssaviruses type-1 and -2. | experimental studies have been undertaken to assess the susceptibility of silver foxes to bat variants of rabies virus, namely european bat lyssaviruses (eblvs). both eblv-1 and eblv-2 have been isolated in european bats since 1954, in eptesicus serotinus and myotis species, respectively. since 2000, the number of reported cases has increased largely due to the improvement of the surveillance of bat rabies virus throughout europe. although over >800 eblvs cases have been reported in bats in euro ... | 2008 | 18634496 |
| generalised cranial artery spasm in human rabies. | in 2004, a teenager survived bat-associated rabies through the milwaukee protocol (mp). this survivor and another patient with dog-associated rabies were found to have developed deficiencies of tetrahydrobiopterin (bh4) and associated neurotransmitters. bh4 is also essential for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nnos), so rabies is predicted to cause constriction of cerebral arteries. we assume that rabies virus, which almost exclusively targets neurons, would disproportionately affect cerebral ov ... | 2008 | 18634498 |
| human rabies therapy: lessons learned from experimental studies in mouse models. | ketamine was one of the therapeutic agents used as a therapy for a human rabies survivor who did not receive rabies vaccine. ketamine therapy is re-examined here in infected mouse primary neuron cultures and in adult icr mice using the cvs strain with both intracerebral and peripheral routes of inoculation with ketamine vs. vehicle given intraperitoneally. no significant beneficial therapeutic effects of ketamine in the cultures or mouse model were observed. this team does not recommend further ... | 2008 | 18634499 |