Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| the evolution of immune-related genes from disease carrying mosquitoes: diversity in a peptidoglycan- and a thioester-recognizing protein. | adaptive polymorphism may be common in immune system genes as co-evolutionary interactions foster diversity; either through ongoing positive selection (arms races), or balancing selection. dna sequence diversity in two putative immune system genes was examined in species of the genus anopheles and from aedes aegypti. for one gene, encoding the peptidoglycan recognizing protein pgrplb, there was evidence of purifying selection, suggesting that selection acts to eliminate sequence variation. for a ... | 2005 | 16313560 |
| aedes aegypti phosphohexomutases and uridine diphosphate-hexose pyrophosphorylases: comparison of primary sequences, substrate specificities and temporal transcription. | phosphohexomutases reversibly catalyse the transfer of the phosphate group of a glycosyl phosphate between the c6 and c1 positions, and uridine diphosphate (udp)-hexose pyrophosphorylases catalyse the synthesis of udp-hexose from uridine triphosphate (utp) and hexose-1-phosphate. both enzyme families are essential for nucleoside diphosphate hexose biosynthesis and are therefore critical for various physiological functions in the midgut of mosquitoes after a blood meal. we cloned and sequenced th ... | 2005 | 16313562 |
| identification and composition of cuticular hydrocarbons of the major afrotropical malaria vector anopheles gambiae s.s. (diptera: culicidae): analysis of sexual dimorphism and age-related changes. | forty-eight cuticular hydrocarbons (chcs) were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry from the epicuticular surface of the major afrotropical malaria vector anopheles gambiae. the hydrocarbons identified were 14 n-alkanes, 16 monomethyl alkanes, 13 dimethyl alkanes, 5 alkenes, with main-chain lengths ranging from c(17) to c(47), and the results are consistent with those from other culicidae species. qualitative differences were not observed between laboratory pools of three female ... | 2005 | 16320293 |
| bioengineering of a cellulosic fabric for insecticide delivery via grafted cyclodextrin. | beta-cyclodextrin (beta-cd) can be easily grafted onto cellulosic textiles through covalent bonds. in such a way beta-cd empty cavities provide an efficient tool for entrapping different kinds of hydrophobic molecules on the surface of the fabric and releasing them slowly in time. the capability of cyclodextrins to include hydrophobic molecules such as fragrances, antimicrobial agents, and other chemicals can be then exploited to produce new grafted textiles with peculiar and useful performances ... | 2013 | 16321057 |
| the shavenoid gene of drosophila encodes a novel actin cytoskeleton interacting protein that promotes wing hair morphogenesis. | the simple cellular composition and array of distally pointing hairs has made the drosophila wing a favored system for studying planar polarity and the coordination of cellular- and tissue-level morphogenesis. the developing hairs are filled with f-actin and microtubules and the activity of these cytoskeletons is important for hair morphogenesis. on the basis of mutant phenotypes several genes have been identified as playing a key role in stimulating hair formation. mutations in shavenoid (sha) ... | 2005 | 16322503 |
| outlook of dengue in malaysia: a century later. | dengue continues to be a major health threat to malaysia a century after its first reported outbreak in 1902. examination of the available outbreak data suggested that a major df/dhf outbreak occurred in malaysia in a cyclical pattern of approximately every 8 years. all four dengue virus serotypes are found co-circulating in malaysia, but after the first and only major outbreak involving den-4 in 1960's, only den-1, den-2 and den-3 were associated with df/dhf outbreaks. it is argued that perhaps ... | 2002 | 16329552 |
| the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) gene family of anopheles gambiae. | members of the m2 family of peptidases, related to mammalian angiotensin converting enzyme (ace), play important roles in regulating a number of physiological processes. as more invertebrate genomes are sequenced, there is increasing evidence of a variety of m2 peptidase genes, even within a single species. the function of these ace-like proteins is largely unknown. sequencing of the a. gambiae genome has revealed a number of ace-like genes but probable errors in the ensembl annotation have left ... | 2005 | 16329762 |
| spray-dried bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis formulations for control of aedes aegypti larvae. | suspensions containing 0.25 and 1.25 g/liter of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) spore-toxin complex were spray-dried by using maltodextrin de-6, corn starch, and nixtamalized corn flour (25 g/liter) as materials to entrap active delta-endotoxin. the inlet air temperature of the drier was kept constant at 141 degrees c and the outlet temperature was maintained at 60 or 70 degrees c. the probit analysis of the concentration-mortality response of third instars of aedes aegypti (l.) ... | 2005 | 16334315 |
| mark-release-recapture study to measure dispersal of the mosquito aedes aegypti in cairns, queensland, australia. | in queensland, australia, in response to isolated cases of dengue infection, larval control of the vector aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) is targeted at breeding sites within 200 m of a case and interior spraying with a pyrethroid adulticide is targeted at premises within 100 m. to ascertain whether these limits are appropriate, we conducted a mark-release-recapture study to measure the dispersal of female ae. aegypti in the city of cairns where transmission occurs. female mosquitoes rea ... | 2005 | 16336310 |
| genetic structure of anopheles gambiae populations on islands in northwestern lake victoria, uganda. | alternative means of malaria control are urgently needed. evaluating the effectiveness of measures that involve genetic manipulation of vector populations will be facilitated by identifying small, genetically isolated vector populations. the study was designed to use variation in microsatellite markers to look at genetic structure across four lake victoria islands and two surrounding mainland populations and for evidence of any restriction to free gene flow. | 2005 | 16336684 |
| bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis cyt1aa synergizes cry11aa toxin by functioning as a membrane-bound receptor. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis produces crystal proteins, cry (4aa, 4ba, 10aa, and 11aa) and cyt (1aa and 2ba) proteins, toxic to mosquito vectors of human diseases. cyt1aa overcomes insect resistance to cry11aa and cry4 toxins and synergizes the toxicity of these toxins. however, the molecular mechanism of synergism remains unsolved. here, we provide evidence that cyt1aa functions as a receptor of cry11aa. sequential-binding analysis of cyt1aa and cry11aa revealed that cyt1aa binding ... | 2005 | 16339907 |
| comparison of the properties of the five soluble guanylyl cyclase subunits in drosophila melanogaster. | the drosophila melanogaster genome contains 5 genes that code for soluble guanylyl cyclase subunits. two of these genes code for subunits, gycalpha-99b and gycbeta-100b, which form a conventional no-sensitive guanylyl cyclase and the other three code for atypical subunits, gyc-88e, gyc-89da and gyc-89db. the properties and distribution of gyc-88e and gyc-89db have previously been described and here gyc-89da is described. gyc-89da only forms an active guanylyl cyclase when co-expressed with gyc-8 ... | 2005 | 16341244 |
| oviposition deterrent and skin repellent activities of solanum trilobatum leaf extract against the malarial vector anopheles stephensi. | the leaf extract of solanum trilobatum (solanaceae) was tested under laboratory conditions for oviposition deterrent and skin repellent activities against the adult mosquito anopheles stephensi. concentrations of 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1% reduced egg laying by gravid females from 18 to 99% compared to ethanol-treated controls. in skin repellent tests, concentrations of 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.015, and 0.02 % provided 70 to 120 minutes protection against mosquito bites, whereas the ethanol ... | 2005 | 16341247 |
| comparison of immunoreactivity to serotonin, fmrfamide and scpb in the gut and visceral nervous system of larvae, pupae and adults of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. | in all life stages, the gut of the mosquito is innervated by a small number (typically 4) of central neurons immunoreactive to serotonin (si). the serotonergic system appears to pass through metamorphosis largely intact, despite extensive remodeling of the gut. axons immunoreactive to antibodies raised against molluscan fmrfamide (rf-i) constitute peptidergic innervation that anatomically parallels the serotonergic system. in the larva, two clusters of 3 neurons project to the anterior regions o ... | 2005 | 16341252 |
| distribution, frequency, and diversity of bacillus thuringiensis in an animal feed mill. | bacillus thuringiensis was isolated from 36 of 50 residue samples obtained from an animal feed mill (a stored-product environment). of 710 selected colonies having bacillus cereus-b. thuringiensis morphology isolated from the samples, 477 were classified as b. thuringiensis because of production of parasporal delta-endotoxin crystals. there was a diverse population of b. thuringiensis, as revealed by differentiation of the isolates into 36 subgroups by using (i) their spectra of toxicity to the ... | 1992 | 16348699 |
| expression of cryiva and cryivb genes, independently or in combination, in a crystal-negative strain of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the cryiva and cryivb genes, encoding the 125- and 135-kda proteins, respectively, of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, were cloned either alone or together into a shuttle vector and expressed in a nontoxic strain of b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. the cryivb protein was produced at a high level during sporulation and accumulated as inclusions; in contrast, the cryiva polypeptide did not form such structures unless it was cloned on a higher-copy-number plasmid. transcriptional fusi ... | 1993 | 16349095 |
| asn183 in alpha5 is essential for oligomerisation and toxicity of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin. | the proposed toxicity mechanism of the bacillus thuringiensis cry insecticidal proteins involves membrane penetration and lytic pore formation of the alpha4-alpha5 hairpins in the target larval midgut cell membranes. in this study, alanine substitutions of selected polar residues (tyr(178), gln(180), asn(183), asn(185), and asn(195)) in the hydrophobic helix-alpha5 of the cry4ba mosquito-larvicidal protein were initially conducted via pcr-based directed mutagenesis. upon iptg induction, all the ... | 2006 | 16356469 |
| the drosophila microrna iab-4 causes a dominant homeotic transformation of halteres to wings. | the drosophila bithorax complex encodes three well-characterized homeodomain proteins that direct segment identity, as well as several noncoding rnas of unknown function. here, we analyze the iab-4 locus, which produces the micrornas iab-4-5p and iab-4-3p. iab-4 is analogous to mir-196 in vertebrate hox clusters. previous studies demonstrate that mir-196 interacts with the hoxb8 3' untranslated region. evidence is presented that mir-iab-4-5p directly inhibits ubx activity in vivo. ectopic expres ... | 0 | 16357215 |
| host range, amplification and arboviral disease emergence. | etiologic agents of arboviral diseases are primarily zoonotic pathogens that are maintained in nature in cycles involving arthropod transmission among a variety of susceptible reservoir hosts. in the simplest form of human exposure, spillover occurs from the enzootic cycle when humans enter zoonotic foci and/or enzootic amplification increases circulation near humans. examples include eastern (eeev) and western equine encephalitis viruses (weev), as well as west nile (wnv), st. louis encephaliti ... | 2005 | 16358422 |
| efficacy of thermal fog application of deltacide, a synergized mixture of pyrethroids, against aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue. | we evaluated the efficacy of indoor and peridomestic thermal fog applications of deltacide, a synergized mixture of pyrethroids (s-bioallethrin 0.7% w/v, deltamethrin 0.5% w/v and piperonyl butoxide 8.9% w/v) against adult populations of aedes aegypti in chennai, tamil nadu, india. we bioassayed adult caged mosquitoes, counted indoor resting and human landing adult mosquitoes and assessed the percentage of potential breeding sites with aedes larvae. the bioassay mortalities indicated that the kn ... | 2005 | 16359411 |
| regulatory mechanisms of chitin biosynthesis and roles of chitin in peritrophic matrix formation in the midgut of adult aedes aegypti. | in mosquitoes, the peritrophic matrix is formed in response to blood feeding and can be a physical barrier when pathogens ingested with blood meal attempt to reach and transverse the midgut epithelium. the main components of the peritrophic matrix are chitin-biding-domain containing proteins, glycosylated proteins, and chitin fibrils. chitin is synthesized from fructose-6-phosphate by a series of five enzymatic reactions. we previously found that blood feeding induces transcriptional up-regulati ... | 2006 | 16360944 |
| molecular cloning and functional characterization of an aspartic protease from the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | haemaphysalis longicornis cdna encoding an aspartic protease (longepsin) was identified from a midgut cdna library. the longepsin cdna contains 1176bp that code for 392 amino acid residues with a predictable molecular weight of 39.3kda. the cdna has a signal peptide sequence associated with the n-terminal domains and domain structure analysis revealed that the deduced protein has two aspartic acid residues that are characteristic of a single active site for aspartic proteases. this novel longeps ... | 2006 | 16360947 |
| geographic distribution and breeding site preference of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in cameroon, central africa. | presence in cameroon of the recently introduced aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse) in association with the indigenous aedes aegypti (l.) raises public heath concerns because it might alter the risk of arbovirus transmission. the breeding site and distribution of the two stegomyia species are updated and reported following entomological surveys carried out in 22 localities throughout cameroon, with a total of 1,353 containers with water visited. ae. aegypti was found in every location sampled, ... | 2005 | 16363155 |
| insecticide susceptibility of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus across thailand. | aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse), two important vectors of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever, were collected from mae sot, nakhon sawan, nakhon ratchasima, surat thani, and phatthalung, thailand, from july 2003 to april 2004. the patterns of insecticide susceptibility to temephos, malathion, and permethrin of both ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus larvae were determined. ae. aegypti from all study sites were resistant to permethrin, they but were susceptible to malathion. res ... | 2005 | 16363166 |
| effectiveness of methoprene, an insect growth regulator, against temephos-resistant aedes aegypti populations from different brazilian localities, under laboratory conditions. | the susceptibility of aedes aegypti (l.) larvae from several brazilian populations to the juvenile hormone analog methoprene and the organophosphate insecticide temephos were investigated. populations from natal (northeastern region), macapá (northern region), and jardim américa, rio de janeiro (southeastern region) are temephos-resistant (rr90 = 24.4, 13.3, and 15.8, respectively), whereas populations from presidente prudente (southeastern region) and porto velho (northern region) exhibit only ... | 2005 | 16363168 |
| blood feeding patterns of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in thailand. | aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) were collected with aspirators from mae sot, nakhon sawan, nakhon ratchasima, surat thani, and phatthalung study sites in thailand from july 2003 though april 2004. the sandwich-b enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze 1,021 blood-fed specimens. ae. aegypti almost exclusively fed on humans (99%, 658/664) in single host species, and 97% (86/88) of multiple-host bloodmeals included at least one human host. a low frequency of other host ... | 2005 | 16363170 |
| vertical and venereal transmission of chandipura virus (rhabdoviridae) by aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | experiments in the laboratory documented vertical and venereal transmission of chandipura virus (chpv) in aedes aegypti (l.). the minimum filial infection rate among the progeny of infected females was 1.2%; the rate among male and female progeny was 0.9 and 1.4%, respectively. the venereal infection rate of chpv among inseminated females was 32.7%. our study indicates the possible occurrence of vertical and venereal transmission of chpv in insect vectors. | 2005 | 16363175 |
| facts and ideas from anywhere. | 0 | 16369660 | |
| asap: a resource for annotating, curating, comparing, and disseminating genomic data. | asap is a comprehensive web-based system for community genome annotation and analysis. asap is being used for a large-scale effort to augment and curate annotations for genomes of enterobacterial pathogens and for additional genome sequences. new tools, such as the genome alignment program mauve, have been incorporated into asap in order to improve display and analysis of related genomes. recent improvements to the database and challenges for future development of the system are discussed. asap ... | 2006 | 16381899 |
| a plasmodium whole-genome synteny map: indels and synteny breakpoints as foci for species-specific genes. | whole-genome comparisons are highly informative regarding genome evolution and can reveal the conservation of genome organization and gene content, gene regulatory elements, and presence of species-specific genes. initial comparative genome analyses of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum and rodent malaria parasites (rmps) revealed a core set of 4,500 plasmodium orthologs located in the highly syntenic central regions of the chromosomes that sharply defined the boundaries of the var ... | 2005 | 16389297 |
| a bacillus thuringiensis s-layer protein involved in toxicity against epilachna varivestis (coleoptera: coccinellidae). | the use of bacillus thuringiensis as a biopesticide is a viable alternative for insect control since the insecticidal cry proteins produced by these bacteria are highly specific; harmless to humans, vertebrates, and plants; and completely biodegradable. in addition to cry proteins, b. thuringiensis produces a number of extracellular compounds, including s-layer proteins (slp), that contribute to virulence. the s layer is an ordered structure representing a proteinaceous paracrystalline array whi ... | 2006 | 16391064 |
| heterologous expression of an entamoeba histolytica chitin synthase in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | chitin in the cyst wall of entamoeba histolytica is made by two chitin synthases (chs), one of which is unique (ehchs-1) and one of which resembles those of insects and nematodes (ehchs-2). ehchs-1 is deposited chitin in the lateral wall of transformed saccharomyces cerevisiae chs mutants, independent of accessory proteins (chs4p to chs7p) required by yeast chs3p. | 2006 | 16400183 |
| cage trials using an endogenous meiotic drive gene in the mosquito aedes aegypti to promote population replacement. | control of arthropod-borne diseases based on population replacement with genetically modified non-competent vectors has been proposed as a promising alternative to conventional control strategies. due to likely fitness costs associated with vectors manipulated to carry anti-pathogen effector genes, the effector genes will need to be coupled with a strong drive system to rapidly sweep them into natural populations. endogenous meiotic drive systems have strong and stable population replacement pot ... | 2006 | 16407347 |
| quantitative analysis of dengue-2 virus rna during the extrinsic incubation period in individual aedes aegypti. | dengue virus-2 (denv-2) rna was quantified from the midgut and legs of individual aedes aegypti at each of 14 days postinfectious blood meal (dpi) in a denv-2 susceptible strain from chetumal, mexico. a sybr green i based strand-specific, quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay was developed. the lower detection and quantitation limits were 20 and 200 copies per reaction, respectively. amounts of positive and negative strand viral rna strands were co ... | 2006 | 16407358 |
| acmnpv in permissive, semipermissive, and nonpermissive cell lines from arthropoda. | insect cell lines from arthropoda represented by lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, and homoptera were evaluated for their ability to support replication of acmnpv. in addition, some of the cell lines that were refractive to acmnpv were tested with acmnpv hsp70 red, a recombinant carrying the red fluorescent protein (rfp) gene, for their ability to express this protein after inoculation. of the 10 lepidopteran cell lines tested, only three cell lines from helicoverpa zea (bcirl-hz-am1), lymantria ... | 2005 | 16409117 |
| a new black fly isolate of bacillus thuringiensis autoagglutinating strain highly toxic to simulium pertinax (kollar) (diptera, simuliidae) larvae. | formulations containing the entomopathogenic bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis strain ips-82 has been widely applied for mosquito control around the world. strain ips-82 is highly active against aedes aegypti but less active against other well-known vectors such as culex quinquefasciatus and simulium spp. larvae. eighteen strains of b. thuringiensis were isolated from simulium pertinax larvae naturally occurring in rivers of southeast brazil with one demonstrating special toxic effects. ... | 2006 | 16410971 |
| [cultural conceptions on dengue in urban contexts in mexico]. | to explore the conceptual dimensions of dengue in the urban context, aiming at creating hypotheses about community attitudes toward prevention campaigns. | 2006 | 16410993 |
| genomic analysis of a 1 mb region near the telomere of hessian fly chromosome x2 and avirulence gene vh13. | to have an insight into the mayetiola destructor (hessian fly) genome, we performed an in silico comparative genomic analysis utilizing genetic mapping, genomic sequence and est sequence data along with data available from public databases. | 2006 | 16412254 |
| toxicity and igr effect of two new neem products against aedes aegypti (pcsir strain). | crude extract and isolated compounds from neem, azadirachta indica and melia azedarach (meliaceae) are being tested in various countries. the present study deals with the effect of two new compounds and their parent fraction from the fresh winter neem leaves, isolated by siddiqui et. al., 1986. the lc50 of nfd is 0.58 ppm, nimocinolide 0.625 ppm and isonimocinolide 0.47 ppm. abnormal larvae, pupae and intermediates were also found. | 1991 | 16414684 |
| biochemical and electrophoretical studies of the effect of some chemosterilants on theenzymes of aedes aegypti (l.) larvae. | in vivo effect of standard and prospective chemosterilants on some enzymes is reported. colorimetric and histochemical findings indicate that alkaline phosphatase is inhibited by shikonin, hempa, tepa and shikonin angelate. cholinesterase is inhibited by all the compounds while diphenol oxidase is not inhibited. these findings have been discussed in the light of the earlier observations. | 1992 | 16414718 |
| genetically engineered underdominance for manipulation of pest populations: a deterministic model. | we theoretically investigate the potential for introgressing a desired engineered gene into a pest population by linking the desired gene to dna constructs that exhibit underdominance properties. our deterministic model includes two independently segregating engineered constructs that both carry a lethal gene, but suppress each other. only genotypes containing both or neither construct are viable. both constructs also carry the desired gene with an independent regulatory mechanism. we examine th ... | 2006 | 16415364 |
| in vivo and in vitro activity of venom from the endoparasitic wasp pimpla turionellae (l.) (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae). | the biological activity of venom from pimpla turionellae l. (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae) was examined in vivo toward larvae and pupae of galleriae mellonella l. (lepidoptera: pyralidae), and in vitro toward bacterial and fungal cultures, as well as cultured insect cells. pupae of g. mellonella were far more susceptible to the venom than larvae. at low doses of venom [0.1 venom reservoir equivalents (vre)], pupal abdominal mobility was inhibited within 30 min, and by 24 h, all pupae injected with ... | 2006 | 16416450 |
| eastern cottontail rabbits (sylvilagus floridanus) develop west nile virus viremias sufficient for infecting select mosquito species. | the potential of the eastern cottontail rabbit (ctr; sylvilagus floridanus) to contribute to an enzootic west nile virus (wnv) cycle was demonstrated by characterizing the wnv viremia profile of 15 ctrs and demonstrating that mosquitoes could become infected by feeding on these ctrs. eight ctrs were infected with a titer of 10(5.0) cell-infectious dose 50% endpoints (cid50s) of wnv (ny99-crow) by needle and seven ctrs by bite of one or more wnv-infected mosquitoes. there were no marked differenc ... | 2005 | 16417430 |
| malaria vectors in angola: distribution of species and molecular forms of the anopheles gambiae complex, their pyrethroid insecticide knockdown resistance (kdr) status and plasmodium falciparum sporozoite rates. | malaria is by far the greatest cause of morbidity and mortality in angola, being responsible for 50% of all outpatient attendance and around 22% of all hospital deaths, yet by 2003 only 2% of under-5s used insecticide-treated nets. entomological studies are an essential foundation for rational malaria control using insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying, but there have been no published studies of malaria vectors in angola over the 27 years of the civil war, to its end in 2002. th ... | 2006 | 16420701 |
| multi-level analyses of spatial and temporal determinants for dengue infection. | dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection that is now endemic in most tropical countries. in thailand, dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever is a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children. a longitudinal study among 1750 people in two rural and one urban sites in northern thailand from 2001 to 2003 studied spatial and temporal determinants for recent dengue infection at three levels (time, individual and household). | 2006 | 16420702 |
| effect of temperature and insecticide stresses on aedes aegypti larvae and their influence on the susceptibility of mosquitoes to dengue-2 virus. | two major factors, higher temperatures and the application of insecticides, can drastically alter the genetic structure of a vector mosquito population. due to these two stresses, the majority of the population gets wiped out, but the ones that withstand the stress and survive are likely to pass on survivability, and have an altered physiology. our study shows that exposures to higher temperatures and ddt during the larval stage affects their susceptibility as adult mosquitoes to the den-2 virus ... | 2005 | 16438138 |
| a preliminary study on in vitro transmission of dirofilaria immitis infective stage larvae by aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae). | this study was performed to study an in vitro transmission of infective stage larvae from the mosquito proboscis. there were five experiments with 949 mosquitoes. liverpool strain of aedes aegypti (l.) were used in this study. they were allowed to feed on d. immitis infected dogs with different microfilarial levels which were 1,650, 1,950, 9,000, 9,250, and 11,550 microfilariae per one ml of blood. mosquitoes were forced to feed on solution (5% sucrose in 5% dog serum) in capillary tubes for 20 ... | 2005 | 16438186 |
| three indigenous thai medicinal plants for control of aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus. | the potential larvicidal activity and insect growth regulator (igr) properties of three selected indigenous medicinal thai plants were tested against two species of mosquito with special reference to the late 3rd and early 4th instar larvae (l3 and l4, respectively). in case of larvicidal activity, thevetia peruviana was the most potent, followed by pueraria mirifica, and butea superba was the least effective. in all cases, the late 3rd instar was more susceptible than the early 4th instar larva ... | 2005 | 16438204 |
| detection of dengue virus serotype 3 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in aedes aegypti (diptera, culicidae) captured in manaus, amazonas. | the detection of dengue virus serotypes from aedes aegypti in manaus, state of amazonas was carried out using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique. fourteen pools out 82 (17.1%) were positive for denv3, providing a minimal infection rate of 2.1% of all analyzed infected female specimens of three different areas of the city. | 2006 | 16444413 |
| effect of food on immature development, consumption rate, and relative growth rate of toxorhynchites splendens (diptera: culicidae), a predator of container breeding mosquitoes. | food utilization by the larvae of toxorhynchites splendens (wiedemann) was studied in the laboratory by offering larvae of aedes aegypti linnaeus, anopheles stephensi (liston), and culex quinquefasciatus (say). quantitative analyses of data indicated that immature development was significantly faster with increase in food availability. the regression analysis showed that the degrees of the relationship between immature duration (id) and food availability were higher when offered early instars of ... | 2005 | 16444422 |
| use of carbon-13 as a population marker for anopheles arabiensis in a sterile insect technique (sit) context. | monitoring of sterile to wild insect ratios in field populations can be useful to follow the progress in genetic control programmes such as the sterile insect technique (sit). of the numerous methods for marking insects most are not suitable for use in mass rearing and mass release. suitable ones include dye marking, genetic marking and chemical marking. | 2006 | 16445865 |
| prevalence and seasonality of ascogregarina culicis (apicomplexa: lecudinidae) in natural populations of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) from temperate argentina. | ascogregarina infections from south america were recently documented in brazil and argentina. the aim of this study was to report our recent findings on the prevalence and seasonality of ascogregarina culicis in aedes aegypti adults from temperate argentina. between december 2003 and may 2005, 391 females of ae. aegypti were captured in two areas of greater buenos aires. overall prevalence of a. culicis was 21.2% (83/391), and a significant difference was observed between both areas (28.4% vs. 8 ... | 2006 | 16445937 |
| regulation of lipid metabolism genes, lipid carrier protein lipophorin, and its receptor during immune challenge in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | in the mosquito aedes aegypti, the expression of two fat body genes involved in lipid metabolism, a lipid carrier protein lipophorin (lp) and its lipophorin receptor (lprfb), was significantly increased after infections with gram (+) bacteria and fungi, but not with gram (-) bacteria. the expression of these genes was enhanced after the infection with plasmodium gallinaceum. rna interference (rnai) knockdown of lp strongly restricted the development of plasmodium oocysts, reducing their number b ... | 2006 | 16449228 |
| effects of larval nutrition on the endocrinology of mosquito egg development. | reproduction by female mosquitoes is dependent on energy resources but modulated by hormones. our study focused on blood-meal-dependent, anautogenous aedes aegypti and autogenous ochlerotatus atropalpus that rely on larval-derived nutrient stores to develop eggs. to determine how larval nutrition affects the endocrinology of egg development in these females, we manipulated the quantity of larval food and measured in vitro production of juvenile hormone (jh) by corpora allata (ca) and ecdysteroid ... | 2006 | 16449559 |
| insights into the role of gp63-like proteins in lower trypanosomatids. | any actual understanding of trypanosomatids in general requires a comprehensive analysis of the less-specialized species as thorough as our knowledge of the more specialized leishmania and trypanosoma. in this context, we have shown by antibody cross-reactivity that purified extracellular metallopeptidases from phytomonas françai, crithidia deanei (cured strain) and crithidia guilhermei share common epitopes with the leishmanial gp63. flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy analyses indicated ... | 2006 | 16451193 |
| ecologists can enable communities to implement malaria vector control in africa. | integrated vector management (ivm) for malaria control requires ecological skills that are very scarce and rarely applied in africa today. partnerships between communities and academic ecologists can address this capacity deficit, modernize the evidence base for such approaches and enable future scale up. | 2006 | 16457724 |
| txp40, a ubiquitous insecticidal toxin protein from xenorhabdus and photorhabdus bacteria. | xenorhabdus and photorhabdus are gram-negative bacteria that produce a range of proteins that are toxic to insects. we recently identified a novel 42-kda protein from xenorhabdus nematophila that was lethal to the larvae of insects such as galleria mellonella and helicoverpa armigera when it was injected at doses of 30 to 40 ng/g larvae. in the present work, the toxin gene txp40 was identified in another 59 strains of xenorhabdus and photorhabdus, indicating that it is both highly conserved and ... | 2006 | 16461722 |
| meconial peritrophic matrix structure, formation, and meconial degeneration in mosquito pupae/pharate adults: histological and ultrastructural aspects. | the noncellular peritrophic matrix (pm) that forms around the food bolus in the midgut of many arthropod species may influence the fate of ingested microbes. in mosquitoes, pms have been identified in the pupal as well as larval and adult stages. in pupae, the pms surround the meconium, the sloughed larval midgut epithelium. meconial pm1 (mpm1) forms early in the pupal stadium, and a second meconial pm (mpm2) sometimes forms around the time of adult emergence. a recent study suggests that mpms c ... | 2005 | 16465731 |
| aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes polynesiensis marks (diptera: culicidae) in moorea, french polynesia: a study of adult population structures and pathogen (wuchereria bancrofti and dirofilaria immitis) infection rates to indicate regional and seasonal epidemiological risk for dengue and filariasis. | populations of aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes polynesiensis (marks) on moorea island, french polynesia, the local vectors of dengue and filariasis, respectively, were sampled by landing/biting collection at nine localities on the east, north, and west coasts, during the late dry season, early and late wet season (september-may) 2003 and 2004, to investigate epidemiologically important features of the populations and compare them between regions and months. biting rates of both species tended to in ... | 2005 | 16465747 |
| larvicidal and repellent potential of albizzia amara boivin and ocimum basilicum linn against dengue vector, aedes aegypti (insecta:diptera:culicidae). | investigations were made to test the larval toxicity and smoke repellent potential of albizzia amara and ocimum basilicum at different concentration (2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%) against the different instar (i, ii, iii and iv) larvae and pupae of aedes aegypti. the lc50 values of a. amara and o. basilicum for i instar larvae was 5.412 and 3.734, ii instar 6.480 and 4.154, iii instar 7.106 and 4.664, iv instar 7.515 and 5.124, respectively. the lc50 and lc90 values of pupae were 6.792%, 5.449% and 16 ... | 2007 | 16473002 |
| use of the pupal survey technique for measuring aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) productivity in puerto rico. | the hypothesis tested was that most pupae of aedes aegypti are produced in a few types of containers so that vector control efforts could concentrate on eliminating the most productive ones and thus prevent dengue outbreaks. pupal surveys were conducted twice in 2004 in an urban area in southern puerto rico. a total 35,030 immature mosquitoes (iii and iv instars, pupae) was counted in 1,367 containers found with water in 624 premises during the first survey. only pupae were counted in the second ... | 2006 | 16474086 |
| rna secondary structure in the coding region of dengue virus type 2 directs translation start codon selection and is required for viral replication. | dengue virus is a positive-strand rna virus and a member of the genus flavivirus, which includes west nile, yellow fever, and tick-borne encephalitis viruses. flavivirus genomes are translated as a single polyprotein that is subsequently cleaved into 10 proteins, the first of which is the viral capsid (c) protein. dengue virus type 2 (denv2) and other mosquito-borne flaviviruses initiate translation of c from a start codon in a suboptimal context and have multiple in-frame augs downstream. here, ... | 2006 | 16474125 |
| two unusual rotenoid derivatives, 7a-o-methyl-12a-hydroxydeguelol and spiro-13-homo-13-oxaelliptone, from the seeds of derris trifoliata. | the crude methanol extract of the seeds of derris trifoliata showed potent and dose dependent larvicidal activity against the 2nd instar larvae of aedes aegypti. from this extract two unusual rotenoid derivatives, a rotenoloid (named 7a-o-methyl-12a-hydroxydeguelol) and a spirohomooxarotenoid (named spiro-13-homo-13-oxaelliptone), were isolated and characterised. in addition a rare natural chromanone (6,7-dimethoxy-4-chromanone) and the known rotenoids rotenone, tephrosin and dehydrodeguelin wer ... | 2006 | 16483619 |
| bridging the gaps in vector biology. workshop on the molecular and population biology of mosquitoes and other disease vectors. | 2006 | 16485025 | |
| qsar study of mosquito repellents using codessa pro. | protection times provided by 31 synthetic repellents against aedes aegypti mosquitoes were correlated with the chemical structures of these repellents using codessa pro software. two statistically significant quantitative models with r2 values of ca. 0.80 are presented and discussed. | 2006 | 16488605 |
| toxin-binding proteins from midgut epithelium membranes of anopheles stephensi larvae. | proteins of 65 and 57 kd were isolated from the apical membranes of midgut epithelium of anopheles stephensi larvae by affinity chromatography. these proteins can specifically bind endotoxin cry11a and activate toxin cry4b (cry4b-tox) under conditions of ligand blotting, and both cry proteins compete for this binding. at least in the case of cry4b-tox, the binding with 65 and 57 kd proteins is reversible. the ability of the products of limited proteolysis of cry11a and cry4b to bind the 65 and 5 ... | 2006 | 16489916 |
| gata factor translation is the final downstream step in the amino acid/target-of-rapamycin-mediated vitellogenin gene expression in the anautogenous mosquito aedes aegypti. | ingestion of blood is required for vector mosquitoes to initiate reproductive cycles determining their role as vectors of devastating human diseases. nutritional signaling plays a pivotal role in regulating mosquito reproduction. transcription of yolk protein precursor genes is repressed until mosquitoes take blood. previously, we have shown that to signal the presence of blood in the gut, mosquitoes utilize the target-of-rapamycin (tor) pathway. the tor signaling pathway transduces the amino ac ... | 2006 | 16490782 |
| identification of aedes aegypti and its respective life stages by real-time polymerase chain reaction. | an aedes aegypti-specific, fluorogenic probe hydrolysis (taq-man), polymerase chain reaction assay was developed for real-time screening using a field-deployable thermocycler. laboratory-based testing of a. aegypti, a. aegypti (trinidad strain), culex pipiens, culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi, and ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus individual adult mosquitoes and mixed pools (n = 10) demonstrated 100% concordance in both in vitro sensitivity (six of six samples) and specificity (10 of 10 sam ... | 2005 | 16491948 |
| insecticide susceptibility and selection for resistance in a population of aedes aegypti from ratchaburi province, thailand. | the insecticide susceptibility of aedes aegypti larvae and adults from four areas of ratchaburi province, thailand was investigated using world health organization standard procedures. the larvae of ae. aegypti in all areas were found to be susceptible to temephos. the strain with the highest level of temephos resistance was subjected to temephos selection. the resistance ratios increased to 2.74-fold from their parental non selected strain after 5 generations of selection. for the adult of ae. ... | 2004 | 16493392 |
| adulticidal activity of some malaysian plant extracts against aedes aegypti linnaeus. | the adulticidal activity of methanol extracts from three malaysian plants namely acorus calamus linn., litsea elliptica blume and piper aduncum linn. against adult of aedes aegypti (l.) were studied. standard who bioassay tests were used to evaluate the effectiveness of these plant extracts. the hexane fraction from methanol extract of acorus calamus rhizome was the most effective, exhibiting lc50 and lc90 values of 0.04 mgcm(-2) and 0.09 mgcm(-2) respectively. for l. elliptica, the methanol fra ... | 2004 | 16493400 |
| biochemical detection of pyrethroid resistance mechanism in aedes aegypti in ratchaburi province, thailand. | the emergence of insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors was an important issue to be considered as one of factors influencing the success of vector control. the early detection of resistance could help the health personnel to plan and select appropriate alternative control measures or insecticide for effective control. therefore biochemical assay of enzymes in mosquito was conducted to detect the emergence of insecticide resistance and to define the machanisms involved in pyrethroid resistan ... | 2004 | 16493407 |
| peptidases and gp63-like proteins in herpetomonas megaseliae: possible involvement in the adhesion to the invertebrate host. | the cell-associated and extracellular peptidases of herpetomonas megaseliae grown in brain-heart infusion and in modified roitman's complex media were analyzed by measuring peptidase activity on gelatin, casein and hemoglobin in zymograms. casein was the best proteinaceous substrate for the peptidase detection on both growth conditions. however, no proteolytic activity was detected when hemoglobin was used. our results showed that cellular cysteine peptidase (115-100, 40 and 35 kda) and metallop ... | 2006 | 16500661 |
| [persistence and efficacy of growth regulator pyriproxyfen in laboratory conditions for aedes aegypti]. | the persistence and efficacy of growth regulator pyriproxyfen were evaluated in two final concentrations 0.01 and 0.05 ppm against aedes aegypti larvae in laboratory conditions using three types of containers: cement box (45 liters), glass bottle (5 liters) and plastic bucket (20 liters). the tests were carried after 1, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 days of treatment against aedes aegypti larvae 3rd and 4th instar. the percentages of larvae, pupae and adult mortality, the percentage of adult eme ... | 2016 | 16501771 |
| identification and characterization of an odorant receptor from the west nile virus mosquito, culex quinquefasciatus. | members of the culex pipens mosquito group including c. quinquefasciatus are responsible for the transmission of bancroftian filarisis as well as west nile virus (wnv) in the united states. as is the case for other mosquitoes, the host preference of this disease vector relies on olfaction and accordingly mediated via g-protein coupled signal transduction pathways. here, we identify and characterize cqor7, the first candidate member of the odorant receptor gene family from c. quinquefasciatus. cq ... | 2006 | 16503478 |
| secreted ferritin: mosquito defense against iron overload? | the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, must blood feed in order to complete her life cycle. the blood meal provides a high level of iron that is required for egg development. we are interested in developing control strategies that interfere with this process. we show that a. aegypti larval cells synthesize and secrete ferritin in response to iron exposure. cytoplasmic ferritin is maximal at low levels of iron, consists of both the light chain (lch) and heavy chain (hch) subunits and reflects ... | 2006 | 16503479 |
| germ cell development in the honeybee (apis mellifera); vasa and nanos expression. | studies of specification of germ-cells in insect embryos has indicated that in many taxa the germ cells form early in development, and their formation is associated with pole plasm, germ plasm or an organelle called the oosome. none of these morphological features associated with germ cell formation have been identified in the honeybee apis mellifera. in this study i report the cloning and expression analysis of honeybee homologues of vasa and nanos, germ cell markers in insects and other animal ... | 2006 | 16503992 |
| repellent and deterrent effects of ss220, picaridin, and deet suppress human blood feeding by aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi, and phlebotomus papatasi. | a series of behavioral tests with aedes aegypti (l.), anopheles stephensi liston, mosquitoes, and the sand fly phlebotomus papatasi scopoli in the presence of deet, ss220, and picaridin topically applied to the skin of human volunteers showed that the insects were deterred from feeding on and repelled from surfaces emanating the compounds. when offered a 12- or 24-cm2 area of skin, one-half treated with compound and one-half untreated, the insects fed almost exclusively on untreated skin. the sa ... | 2006 | 16506445 |
| molecular and morphological characterization of aedes albopictus in northwestern greece and differentiation from aedes cretinus and aedes aegypti. | the presence of aedes albopictus (skuse) was recently confirmed for the first time in northwestern greece. this location is within the distribution range of a morphologically similar species, aedes cretinus edwards, and is a potentially favorable region for the reintroduction of aedes aegypti (l.). it was thus compelling to use methods in addition to morphology-based keys to correctly identify specimens badly damaged, rubbed, or otherwise altered in their external characteristics. it was decided ... | 2006 | 16506446 |
| evaluation of novel insecticides for control of dengue vector aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | insecticides are one of the major tools for controlling vector populations and for reducing the transmission of human pathogens. however, there are few new insecticides being developed and marketed for vector control. herein, we report on the toxicity of six novel insecticides to both adult and larval aedes aegypti (l). and the toxicity of three novel insect growth regulators (igrs) to larvae. four insecticides were highly or moderately toxic to larvae with lc50 values of 16 (chlorfenapyr), 70 ( ... | 2006 | 16506447 |
| role of egg buster in hatching of aedes aegypti: scanning electron microscopy study. | egg hatching has been studied in aedes aegypti (l.) through scanning electron microscopy. the first sign of egg hatching is a small protrusion on the eggshell in the anterior pole. the larval movement provokes a crack in the eggshell with the egg buster located in the dorsal head. the egg buster provokes a small transverse fissure in the eggshell that gradually increases in the chorion. then, the rupture is completed around the eggshell. the separation of the anterior pole occurs, showing the do ... | 2006 | 16506449 |
| evaluation of extracts and oils of mosquito (diptera: culicidae) repellent plants from sweden and guinea-bissau. | in laboratory tests, ethyl acetate extracts of hyptis suaveolens poit. from guinea-bissau and rhododendon tomentosum (stokes) h. harmaja (formerly ledum palustre l.) and myrica gale l. significantly reduced probing activity of aedes aegypti (l.). in the field in southern sweden, extracts of leaves of r. tomentosum, m. gale, and achillea millefolium l. significantly reduced biting by aedes mosquitoes. volatile compounds from m. gale, r. tomentosum, a. millefolium, and h. suaveolens were collected ... | 2006 | 16506457 |
| mosquito larvicidal activity of active constituent derived from chamaecyparis obtusa leaves against 3 mosquito species. | mosqutio larvicidal activity of chamaecyparis obtusa leaf-derived materials against the 4th-stage larvae of aedes aegypti (l.), ochlerotatus togoi (theobald), and culex pipiens pallens (coquillett) was examined in the laboratory. a crude methanol extract of c. obtusa leaves was found to be active (percent mortality rough) against the 3 species larvae; the hexane fraction of the methanol extract showed a strong larvicidal activity (100% mortality) at 100 ppm. the bioactive component in the c. obt ... | 2005 | 16506565 |
| a novel high-throughput screening system to evaluate the behavioral response of adult mosquitoes to chemicals. | a modular and novel assay system for rapid mass screening of chemical compounds for contact irritant and spatial repellent actions against adult mosquitoes is described. the responses of aedes aegypti to various concentrations of 3 topical repellents, deet, bayrepel, and ss220, were evaluated. at treatment concentrations > or = 25 nmol/cm2 of ss220, mosquitoes exhibited significant contact irritant (escape) and spatial repellent (movement away from the chemical source) responses, whereas, a 10-f ... | 2005 | 16506566 |
| laboratory and field evaluation of hilmilin against mosquitoes. | hilmilin (diflubenzuron), an insect growth regulator, was tested for efficacy against anopheles stephensi, anopheles culicifacies, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus in the laboratory and in field conditions. fifty percent and 90% lethal concentrations (lc50 and lc90) of hilmilin formulations were determined by exposing early 4th-stage larvae to serial dilutions of the formulation, and data were subjected to log probit analysis. two doses (0.004 and 0.008 g/m2) were applied in different b ... | 2005 | 16506568 |
| pyrethroid insecticide-resistant strain of aedes aegypti from cuba induced by deltamethrin selection. | a sample of aedes aegypti l. from santiago de cuba with a high level of deltamethrin resistance (113.7 x at the 50% lethal concentration [lc50]), was subjected to deltamethrin selection to determine the capacity of this population to evolve higher resistance under intensive laboratory selection pressure, to characterize that resistance, to attempt to identify some of the mechanisms involved, and to use it as a reference strain for future molecular research. high resistance developed after 12 gen ... | 2005 | 16506569 |
| spinosad: a new larvicide against insecticide-resistant mosquito larvae. | among the characteristics of spinosad that are worth noting is its environmentally favorable toxicity profile. it is a compound of biological origin, whose insecticide action is highly effective against a great number of insects. laboratory larval bioassays of spinosad on aedes aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus, and anopheles gambiae (specimens that were either susceptible or resistant to pyrethroids, carbamates, and organophosphates) showed that this product had a lethal action (mortality after 2 ... | 2005 | 16506584 |
| study on susceptibility status in aquatic and adult stages of aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus against insecticides at international airports of south india. | a study on susceptibility status in aquatic and adult stages of aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus was undertaken at international airports of thiruvananthapuram and cochin located in southern india. who standard test kits were used to conduct insecticide susceptibility tests against various organophosphates, organochlorines, carbamates and synthetic pyrethroids. the results indicate that adult aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus were resistant to ddt and dieldrin, but susceptible to propoxur, fenitr ... | 2004 | 16509254 |
| the mushroom body defect gene product is an essential component of the meiosis ii spindle apparatus in drosophila oocytes. | in addition to their well-known effects on the development of the mushroom body, mud mutants are also female sterile. here we show that, although the early steps of ovary development are grossly normal, a defect becomes apparent in meiosis ii when the two component spindles fail to cohere and align properly. the products of meiosis are consequently mispositioned within the egg and, with or without fertilization, soon undergo asynchronous and spatially disorganized replication. in wild-type eggs, ... | 2006 | 16510791 |
| purification and crystallization of dengue and west nile virus ns2b-ns3 complexes. | both dengue and west nile virus infections are an increasing risk to humans, not only in tropical and subtropical areas, but also in north america and parts of europe. these viral infections are generally transmitted by mosquitoes, but may also be tick-borne. infection usually results in mild flu-like symptoms, but can also cause encephalitis and fatalities. approximately 2799 severe west nile virus cases were reported this year in the united states, resulting in 102 fatalities. with this alarmi ... | 2006 | 16511290 |
| a new recombinant mosquito salivary allergen, raed a 2: allergenicity, clinical relevance, and cross-reactivity. | mosquito salivary proteins cause allergic reactions in humans. the allergenicity, clinical relevance, and species cross-reactivity of a new 37-kda recombinant mosquito (aedes aegypti) salivary allergen, raed a 2, were evaluated. | 2006 | 16512811 |
| the evolution of the histone methyltransferase gene su(var)3-9 in metazoans includes a fusion with and a re-fission from a functionally unrelated gene. | in eukaryotes, histone h3 lysine 9 (h3k9) methylation is a common mechanism involved in gene silencing and the establishment of heterochromatin. the loci of the major heterochromatic h3k9 methyltransferase su(var)3-9 and the functionally unrelated gamma subunit of the translation initiation factor eif2 are fused in drosophila melanogaster. here we examined the phylogenetic distribution of this unusual gene fusion and the molecular evolution of the h3k9 hmtase su(var)3-9. | 2006 | 16512904 |
| minor proteins and enzymes of the drosophila eggshell matrix. | the drosophila eggshell provides an in vivo model system for extracellular matrix assembly, in which programmed gene expression, cell migrations, extracellular protein trafficking, proteolytic processing, and cross-linking are all required to generate a multi-layered and regionally complex architecture. while abundant structural components of the eggshell are known and are being characterized, less is known about non-abundant structural, regulatory, and enzymatic components that are likely to pl ... | 2006 | 16515779 |
| conjugal transfer of a toxin-coding megaplasmid from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis to mosquitocidal strains of bacillus sphaericus. | both bacillus sphaericus and bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis produce mosquitocidal toxins during sporulation and are extensively used in the field for control of mosquito populations. all the known toxins of the latter organism are known to be encoded on a large plasmid, pbtoxis. in an attempt to combine the best properties of the two bacteria, an erythromycin resistance-marked pbtoxis plasmid was transferred to b. sphaericus by a mating technique. the resulting transconjugant bacteria ... | 2006 | 16517620 |
| response of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larvae to three xenobiotic exposures: larval tolerance and detoxifying enzyme activities. | the ability of mosquito larvae to tolerate toxic compounds (temephos, bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, toxic vegetable leaf litter) was examined on a laboratory larval strain of aedes aegypti l. bioassays and detoxifying enzyme activity measurements were performed to compare tolerance/resistance capacities. the possibility of a functional plasticity of detoxifying equipment was investigated through experimental determination of the inductive effect of each xenobiotic within a given gener ... | 2006 | 16519308 |
| a new clothing impregnation method for personal protection against ticks and biting insects. | the efficacy and residual activity of a factory-based, permethrin-impregnated military battle dress uniform (bdu) using a new polymer-coating technique has been evaluated by laboratory and field testing during deployment to afghanistan and compared with two commercially available, widely used dipping methods. residual permethrin concentrations and remaining contact toxicities on treated fabrics before laundering, after up to 100 launderings as well as after being worn-out during deployment were ... | 2006 | 16524779 |
| investigation of cuticular hydrocarbons for determining the age and survivorship of australasian mosquitoes. | the cuticular hydrocarbon (ch) technique of age grading mosquitoes was evaluated for use on laboratory-reared aedes aegypti (l.), anopheles farauti (laveran), and ochlerotatus vigilax (skuse). gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy was used to determine the relative abundance of five alkanes in hexane extracts from the legs of individual mosquitoes. age-related changes to relative hydrocarbon abundances were observed from an. farauti and ae. aegypti, which are vectors of malaria and dengue, respec ... | 2006 | 16525108 |
| evaluating the costs of mosquito resistance to malaria parasites. | costly resistance mechanisms have been cited as an explanation for the widespread occurrence of parasitic infections, yet few studies have examined these costs in detail. a malaria-mosquito model has been used to test this concept by making a comparison of the fitness of highly susceptible lines of mosquitoes with lines that are resistant to infection. malaria infection is known to cause a decrease in fecundity and fertility of mosquitoes; resistant mosquitoes were thus predicted to be fitter th ... | 2005 | 16526504 |
| tetraethylammonium and nicotine transport by the malpighian tubules of insects. | we examined transepithelial transport of the prototypical type i organic cation (oc) tetraethylammonium (tea) and the plant alkaloid nicotine by the isolated malpighian tubules (mts) of nine insect species from six orders. isolated tubules were exposed to radiolabelled forms of either tea or nicotine in the bathing (basal) fluid. luminal (apical) secreted fluid was collected and tea or nicotine concentration was determined. active net transport of nicotine from bath to lumen was observed by the ... | 2006 | 16527303 |
| isolation of a new strain of the flavivirus cell fusing agent virus in a natural mosquito population from puerto rico. | the genus flavivirus contains approximately 70 single-stranded, positive-sense rna viruses that are mosquito-borne, tick-borne or have no known vector. two discoveries support previous suggestions of the existence of a large number of unsampled flaviviruses: (i) a new flavivirus, kamiti river virus, was recently isolated from kenyan mosquitoes, and (ii) sequences with high similarity to those of flaviviruses have been found integrated into the genome of aedes mosquitoes, suggesting a past infect ... | 2006 | 16528021 |
| regulation of the ribonucleotide reductase small subunit (r2) in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. | ribonucleotide reductase (rnr) catalyzes the formation of deoxyribonucleotides, a rate limiting step in dna synthesis. class i rnr is a tetramer that consists of two subunits, r1 and r2; enzymatic activity requires association of r1 with r2. the r2 subunit is of special interest because it dictates the interaction with r1 that is required for enzymatic activity expression, and it is expressed only during the s phase of the cell cycle. we previously sequenced an r2 cdna clone from the yellow feve ... | 2006 | 16530987 |