Publications

efficient industrial dye decolorization by bacillus sp. vus with its enzyme system.	this work presents role of different enzymes in decolorization of industrial dye orange t4ll by bacillus sp. vus. bacillus sp. strain vus decolorized dye orange t4ll, under static anoxic condition in 24 h. during decolorization of orange t4ll a significant induction in the activities of lignin peroxidase, tyrosinase, and reductases (nadh-dcip, azo, and riboflavin) was observed. the biodegradation was monitored by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and high ...	2010	20655588
an extracellular hydrophilic carboxy-terminal domain regulates the activity of taalmt1, the aluminum-activated malate transport protein of wheat.	al³+ -resistant cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) release malate through the al³+ -activated anion transport protein triticum aestivum aluminum-activated malate transporter 1 (taalmt1). expression of taalmt1 in xenopus oocytes and tobacco suspension cells enhances the basal transport activity (inward and outward currents present in the absence of external al³+, and generates the same al³+ -activated currents (reflecting the al³+-dependent transport function) as observed in wheat cells. w ...	2010	20663086
structure-function relationships of wheat flavone o-methyltransferase: homology modeling and site-directed mutagenesis.	wheat (triticum aestivum l.) o-methyltransferase (taomt2) catalyzes the sequential methylation of the flavone, tricetin, to its 3'-methyl- (selgin), 3',5'-dimethyl- (tricin) and 3',4',5'-trimethyl ether derivatives. tricin, a potential multifunctional nutraceutical, is the major enzyme reaction product. these successive methylations raised the question as to whether they take place in one, or different active sites. we constructed a 3-d model of this protein using the crystal structure of the hi ...	2010	20670441
transcriptional-metabolic networks in beta-carotene-enriched potato tubers: the long and winding road to the golden phenotype.	vitamin a deficiency is a public health problem in a large number of countries. biofortification of major staple crops (wheat [triticum aestivum], rice [oryza sativa], maize [zea mays], and potato [solanum tuberosum]) with β-carotene has the potential to alleviate this nutritional problem. previously, we engineered transgenic "golden" potato tubers overexpressing three bacterial genes for β-carotene synthesis (crtb, crti, and crty, encoding phytoene synthase, phytoene desaturase, and lycopene β- ...	2010	20671108
acclimation to frost alters proteolytic response of wheat seedlings to drought.	a comparative examination of cysteine proteinases in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings differing in sensitivity to frost and drought revealed many similarities and differences in response to water deprivation. azocaseinolytic activity was enhanced under water deficiency, but the enhancement was significantly lower in the tolerant genotype (kobra cultivar). on the contrary, acclimation of wheat seedlings at low temperature had no effect on the proteolytic activity of the tolerant cult ...	2010	20674076
interplay between wheat cultivars, biocontrol pseudomonads, and soil.	there is a significant potential to improve the plant-beneficial effects of root-colonizing pseudomonads by breeding wheat genotypes with a greater capacity to sustain interactions with these bacteria. however, the interaction between pseudomonads and crop plants at the cultivar level, as well as the conditions which favor the accumulation of beneficial microorganisms in the wheat rhizosphere, is largely unknown. therefore, we characterized the three swiss winter wheat (triticum aestivum) cultiv ...	2010	20675454
a robust molecular marker for the detection of shortened introgressed segment carrying the stem rust resistance gene sr22 in common wheat.	stem rust resistance gene sr22 transferred to common wheat from triticum boeoticum and t. monococcum remains effective against commercially prevalent pathotypes of puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, including ug99 and its derivatives. sr22 was previously located on the long arm of chromosome 7a. several backcross derivatives (hexaploid) possessing variable sized sr22-carrying segments were used in this study to identify a closely linked dna marker. expressed sequenced tags belonging to the deleti ...	2011	20680609
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus enhances p acquisition of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in a sandy loam soil with long-term inorganic fertilization regime.	the p efficiency, crop yield, and response of wheat to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (amf) glomus caledonium were tested in an experimental field with long-term (19 years) fertilizer management. the experiment included five fertilizer treatments: organic amendment (oa), half organic amendment plus half mineral fertilizer (1/2 om), mineral fertilizer npk, mineral fertilizer nk, and the control (without fertilization). amf inoculation responsiveness (mir) of wheat plants at acquiring p were estima ...	2010	20683717
septum formation in amyloplasts produces compound granules in the rice endosperm and is regulated by plastid division proteins.	storage tissues such as seed endosperm and tubers store starch in the form of granules in the amyloplast. in the rice (oryza sativa) endosperm, each amyloplast produces compound granules consisting of several dozen polyhedral, sharp-edged and easily separable granules; whereas in other cereals, including wheat (triticum aestivum), barley (hordeum vulgare) and maize (zea mays), each amyloplast synthesizes one granule. despite extensive studies on mutants of starch synthesis in cereals, the molecu ...	0	20685968
genetic and comparative genomics mapping reveals that a powdery mildew resistance gene ml3d232 originating from wild emmer co-segregates with an nbs-lrr analog in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	powdery mildew caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is one of the most important wheat diseases worldwide and breeding for resistance using diversified disease resistance genes is the most promising approach to prevent outbreaks of powdery mildew. a powdery mildew resistance gene, originating from wild emmer wheat (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) accessions collected from israel, has been transferred into the hexaploid wheat line 3d232 through crossing and backcrossing. inoculation res ...	2010	20686747
the complex interactions between host immunity and non-biotrophic fungal pathogens of wheat leaves.	significant progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms used by plants to recognize pathogens and activate "immune" responses. a "first line" of defense can be triggered through recognition of conserved pathogen or microbe associated molecular patterns (pamps or mamps), resulting in activation of basal (or non-host) plant defenses, referred to as pamp-triggered immunity (pti). disease resistance responses can also subsequently be triggered via gene-for-gene type interactions between pat ...	2011	20688416
analysis of ascorbate peroxidase genes expressed in resistant and susceptible wheat lines infected by the cereal cyst nematode, heterodera avenae.	changes in ascorbate peroxidase (apx) enzyme activity in response to nematode (heterodera avenae) attack were studied in roots of three hexaploid wheat lines carrying cre2, cre5, or cre7 nematode resistance genes and the susceptible triticum aestivum cv. anza. a spectrophotometric analysis was carried out with root extracts of infected plants 4, 7, 11, and 14 days after nematode inoculation using uninfected plant as control. apx induction in infected resistant genotypes was similar and higher th ...	2010	20690022
combined meta-genomics analyses unravel candidate genes for the grain dietary fiber content in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	grain dietary fiber content in wheat not only affects its end use and technological properties including milling, baking and animal feed but is also of great importance for health benefits. in this study, integration of association genetics (seven detected loci on chromosomes 1b, 3a, 3d, 5b, 6b, 7a, 7b) and meta-qtl (three consensus qtl on chromosomes 1b, 3d and 6b) analyses allowed the identification of seven chromosomal regions underlying grain dietary fiber content in bread wheat. based eithe ...	2011	20697765
mass spectrometric analysis reveals remnants of host-pathogen molecular interactions at the starch granule surface in wheat endosperm.	the starch granules of wheat seed are solar energy-driven deposits of fixed carbon and, as such, present themselves as targets of pathogen attack. the seed's array of antimicrobial proteins, peptides, and small molecules comprises a molecular defense against penetrating pathogens. in turn, pathogens exhibit an arsenal of enzymes to facilitate the degradation of the host's endosperm. in this context, the starch granule surface is a relatively unexplored domain in which unique molecular barriers m ...	2010	20701481
variation and transgression of aggressiveness among two gibberella zeae crosses developed from highly aggressive parental isolates.	gibberella zeae (anamorph: fusarium graminearum) is the most common cause of fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. aggressiveness is the most important fungal trait affecting disease severity and stability of host resistance. objectives were to analyze in two field experiments (i) segregation for aggressiveness among 120 progenies from each of two crosses of highly aggressive parents and (ii) stability of fhb resistance of seven moderately to highly resistant winter ...	2010	20701488
abscisic acid and late embryogenesis abundant protein profile changes in winter wheat under progressive drought stress.	three varieties (cv. pobeda, katya and sadovo) of winter wheat (triticum aestivum), differing in their agronomic characteristics, were analysed during progressive soil water stress and recovery at early vegetation stages. changes in abscisic acid content, sds-page and immunoblot profiles of proteins that remained soluble upon heating were monitored. initially higher aba content in control pobeda and katya corresponded to earlier expression of the studied late embryogenesis abundant (lea) protein ...	2010	20701692
in situ disappearance of dry matter and fiber from fall-grown cereal-grain forages from the north-central united states.	recent research has demonstrated that fall-grown wheat (triticum aestivum l.), triticale (x triticosecale wittmack), and oat (avena sativa l.) forages contain limited lignin and exhibit relatively stable estimates of in vitro true dm disappearance, as well as tdn, across a wide fall-harvest window. these traits suggest that ruminal availability of forage fiber is extensive. our objectives were to evaluate this premise by assessing in situ dm and ndf disappearance for kaskaskia wheat, trical 2700 ...	2010	20709871
no neocentric activity on aegilops markgrafii chromosome e.	classical neocentromeres, proven mainly in poaceae species, cause meiotic drive in higher plants. here i present data indicating that the morphological stretching of a chromatin domain at the long arm of aegilops markgrafii chromosome e during meiosis is not due to a supposed neocentric activity. the stretching is visible at the alien univalent in metaphase i and anaphase i pollen mother cells of triticum aestivum--ae. markgrafii monosomic addition line e and at one univalent of the 49-chromosom ...	2011	20720397
use of doubled haploid technology for development of stable drought tolerant bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) transgenics.	anther culture-derived haploid embryos were used as explants for agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv cpan1676) using barley hva1 gene for drought tolerance. regenerated plantlets were checked for transgene integration in t₀ generation, and positive transgenic haploid plants were doubled by colchicine treatment. stable transgenic doubled haploid plants were obtained, and transgene expression was monitored till t₄ generation, and no transgene silen ...	2011	20723133
the ectopic expression of the wheat puroindoline genes increase germ size and seed oil content in transgenic corn.	plant oil content and composition improvement is a major goal of plant breeding and biotechnology. the puroindoline a and b (pina and pinb) proteins together control whether wheat seeds are soft or hard textured and share a similar structure to that of plant non-specific lipid-transfer proteins. here we transformed corn (zea mays l.) with the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) puroindoline genes (pina and pinb) to assess their effects upon seed oil content and quality. pina and pinb coding sequences w ...	2010	20725765
characterization of photosystem ii heterogeneity in response to high salt stress in wheat leaves (triticum aestivum).	the effect of high salt stress on ps ii heterogeneity was investigated in wheat (triticum aestivum) leaves. on the basis of antenna size, ps ii has been classified into three forms, i.e., α, β, and γ centers while on the basis of electron transport properties of the reducing side of the reaction centers, two distinct forms of ps ii have been suggested, i.e., q(b) reducing centers and q(b) non-reducing centers. the chlorophyll a (chl a) fluorescence transients, which can quantify ps ii behavior, ...	2010	20730564
interactive effect of calcium and gibberellin on nickel tolerance in relation to antioxidant systems in triticum aestivum l.	nickel toxicity affects many metabolic facets of plants and induces anatomical and morphological changes resulting in reduced growth and productivity. to overcome the damaging effects of nickel (ni) stress, different strategies of the application of nutrients with plant hormones are being adopted. the present experiment was carried out to assess the growth and physiological response of wheat plant (triticum aestivum l.) cv. samma to pre-sowing seed treatment with ga(3) alone as well as in combin ...	2011	20730631
[analysis of storage proteins (prolamines, puroindolines and waxy) in common wheat lines triticum aestivum l. x (triticum timopheevii zhuk. x triticum tauschii) with complex resistance to fungal infections].	storage proteins (prolamines, puroindolines, and waxy) were studied in common wheat introgression lines obtained with the use of the saratovskaya 29 (s29) cultivar line and synthetic hexaploid wheat (triticum timopheevii zhuk. x t. tauschii) (sintetik, sin.) and displaying complex resistance to fungal infections. comparative analysis of storage proteins in the introgression lines of common wheat triticum aestivum l. and in the parental forms revealed the only line (bc5) having a substitution at ...	2010	20734767
[intergenomic chromosome substitutions in wheat interspecific hybrids and their use in the development of a genetic nomenclature of triticum timopheevii chromosomes].	the results of analysis of the genome formation in interspecific hybrids of triticum aestivum with t. timopheevii are reviewed. the spectra of substitutions and rearrangements are shown to depend on the genotypes of the parental forms and on the direction of selection. the frequencies of substitutions of individual t. timopheevii chromosomes significantly vary and reflect the level of their divergence relative to the common wheat chromosomes. some aspects of classification of the a(t)- and g-gen ...	2010	20795491
activation of the plant mitochondrial potassium channel by free fatty acids and acyl-coa esters: a possible defence mechanism in the response to hyperosmotic stress.	the effect of free fatty acids (ffas) and acyl-coa esters on k(+) uptake was studied in mitochondria isolated from durum wheat (triticum durum desf.), a species that has adapted well to the semi-arid mediterranean area and possessing a highly active mitochondrial atp-sensitive k(+) channel (pmitok(atp)), that may confer resistance to environmental stresses. this was made by swelling experiments in kcl solution under experimental conditions in which pmitok(atp) activity was monitored. linoleate a ...	2011	20801915
dtaf: an efficient probe to study cyanobacterial-plant interaction using confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm).	a variety of microscopic techniques have been utilized to study cyanobacterial associations with plant roots, but confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm) is the least used due to the unavailability of a suitable fluorescent dye. commonly used lectins have problems with their binding ability with root cells and their visualization under clsm. dtaf (5-(4,6-dichlorotriazinyl) aminofluorescein) is a fluorescent dye that has been widely used for staining various biological samples for fluorescent m ...	2011	20803245
cold acclimation proteome analysis reveals close link between the up-regulation of low-temperature associated proteins and vernalization fulfillment.	low-temperature (lt) stress is one of the major limiting factors in cereal production in cold high-altitude mountainous areas of iran where cereals are exposed to variable periods of temperatures in the vernalization range during the autumn season. cereals regulate their development through adaptive mechanisms that are responsive to low but nonfreezing temperatures. we exploited a proteomic approach to determine the interrelationship between vernalization fulfillment and expression of low-temper ...	0	20804221
the multiple origins of aluminium resistance in hexaploid wheat include aegilops tauschii and more recent cis mutations to taalmt1.	acid soils limit plant production worldwide because their high concentrations of soluble aluminium cations (al(3+) ) inhibit root growth. major food crops such as wheat (triticum aestivum l.) have evolved mechanisms to resist al(3+) toxicity, thus enabling wider distribution. the origins of al(3+) resistance in wheat are perplexing because all progenitors of this hexaploid species are reportedly sensitive to al(3+) stress. the large genotypic variation for al(3+) resistance in wheat is largely c ...	2010	20804458
variation in cadmium tolerance and accumulation and their relationship in wheat recombinant inbred lines at seedling stage.	in order to identify the variation of cadmium (cd) tolerance and accumulation in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), a study was conducted in hydroponic culture with or without cd using recombinant inbred lines (rils) consisting of 103 rils derived from a cross of chuan 35050 × shannong 483 at seedling stage. the parameters of shoot height, secondary roots numbers, tiller numbers, shoot dry weights, root dry weights, and maximum efficiency of photosystem ii photochemistry under dark-adopted conditions ...	2011	20809273
prediction of genetic values of quantitative traits in plant breeding using pedigree and molecular markers.	the availability of dense molecular markers has made possible the use of genomic selection (gs) for plant breeding. however, the evaluation of models for gs in real plant populations is very limited. this article evaluates the performance of parametric and semiparametric models for gs using wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and maize (zea mays) data in which different traits were measured in several environmental conditions. the findings, based on extensive cross-validations, indicate that models inc ...	2010	20813882
physiological and potential genetic toxicity of chlortetracycline as an emerging pollutant in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	increasing attention is now being paid to antibiotic contamination as a serious environmental issue. chlortetracycline has been widely used for decades as a human and veterinary medicine, which has resulted in environmental residues and damage to living organisms. in the present study, the physiological and potential genetic toxicity of chlortetracycline was investigated using a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) bioassay at a concentration range of 0.0625 to 300 mg/l and an exposure time of 24, 48, a ...	2010	20821522
toxicity of the molybdate anion in soil is partially explained by effects of the accompanying cation or by soil ph.	previous studies have shown that toxicity of cationic trace metals in soil is partially confounded by effects of the accompanying anions. a similar assessment is reported here for toxicity of an oxyanion, i.e., molybdate (moo(4) (2-)), the soil toxicity of which is relatively unexplored. solubility and toxicity were compared between the soluble sodium molybdate (na(2)moo(4)) and the sparingly soluble molybdenum trioxide (moo(3)). confounding effects of salinity were excluded by referencing the n ...	2010	20821569
signaling events leading to red-light-induced suppression of photomorphogenesis in wheat (triticum aestivum).	perception of red light (400 μmol photon m²/s) by the shoot bottom turned off the greening process in wheat. to understand the signaling cascade leading to this photomorphogenic response, certain signaling components were probed in seedlings grown in different light regimes. upon analysis the gene expression of heterotrimeric gα and gβ were severely down-regulated in seedlings grown without vermiculite and having their shoot bottom exposed to red light (r/v-) and was similar to that of dark-grow ...	2010	20823341
isolation and characterization of a gene encoding a polyethylene glycol-induced cysteine protease in common wheat.	plant cysteine protease (cp) genes are induced by abiotic stresses such as drought, yet their functions remain largely unknown. we isolated the full-length cdna encoding a triticum aestivum cp gene, designated tacp, from wheat by the rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) method. sequence analysis revealed that tacp contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of 362 amino acids, which is 96% identical to barley cysteine protease hvsf42. the tacp transcript level in wheat seedlings was upr ...	2010	20826947
effective shutdown in the expression of celiac disease-related wheat gliadin t-cell epitopes by rna interference.	celiac disease (cd) is an enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of gluten proteins from wheat and similar proteins from barley and rye. the inflammatory reaction is controlled by t cells that recognize gluten peptides in the context of human leukocyte antigen (hla) dq2 or hla-dq8 molecules. the only available treatment for the disease is a lifelong gluten-exclusion diet. we have used rnai to down-regulate the expression of gliadins in bread wheat. a set of hairpin constructs were designed and e ...	2010	20829492
lead-induced phytotoxicity mechanism involved in seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	the mechanism of lead-inhibitory effects on seed germination and seedling growth was investigated in wheat cv. xihan 2 subjected to different pb(no(3))(2) concentrations. high concentrations of lead and exogenous h(2)o(2) significantly inhibited seed germination and the growth of roots and shoots. dimethylthiourea, catalase or diphenylene iodonium could reverse lead-inhibitory effects on seed germination. significant elevated h(2)o(2) generation was observed in germinating seeds exposed to lead. ...	2010	20833428
occurrence of ochratoxin a and citrinin in czech cereals and comparison of two hplc methods for ochratoxin a detection.	the aims of the study were to obtain information about the occurrence of ochratoxin a (ota) and citrinin (cit) in cereals harvested in the czech republic and to compare two analytical procedures for detecting ota. a total of 34 cereal samples, including two matrix reference materials (r-biopharm, germany), were analysed. the results were compared with the limit for raw cereal grains used as a foodstuff according to commission regulation no. 1881/2006, which allows a maximum ota level of 5 µg kg( ...	0	20835934
identification and development of a functional marker of tagw2 associated with grain weight in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	the osgw2 gene is involved in rice grain development, influencing grain width and weight. its ortholog in wheat, tagw2, was considered as a candidate gene related to grain development. we found that tagw2 is constitutively expressed, with three orthologs expressing simultaneously. the coding sequence (cds) of tagw2 is 1,275 bp encoding a protein with 424 amino acids, and has a functional domain shared with osgw2. no divergence was detected within the cds sequences in the same locus in ten variet ...	2011	20838758
genetic mapping of the stem rust (puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici eriks. & e. henn) resistance gene sr13 in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, the causative agent of stem rust in wheat, is known for its high virulence variability and ability to evolve new virulence to resistance genes. thus, pyramiding of several resistance genes in a single line is the best strategy for a sustainable control of wheat stem rust. sr13 is one of the few resistance genes that are effective against wide ranging p. graminis f. sp. tritici races, including the pestilent race ug99. its effectiveness to ug99 makes it a valuabl ...	2011	20838760
analysis of high temperature stress on the dynamics of antenna size and reducing side heterogeneity of photosystem ii in wheat leaves (triticum aestivum).	this study demonstrates the effect of high temperature stress on the heterogeneous behavior of psii in wheat (triticum aestivum) leaves. photosystem ii in green plant chloroplasts displays heterogeneity both in the composition of its light harvesting antenna i.e. on the basis of antenna size (α, β and γ centers) and in the ability to reduce the plastoquinone pool i.e. the reducing side of the reaction centers (q(b)-reducing centers and q(b)-non-reducing centers). detached wheat leaves were subje ...	2011	20840840
new slow-rusting leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes lr67 and yr46 in wheat are pleiotropic or closely linked.	the common wheat genotype 'rl6077' was believed to carry the gene lr34/yr18 that confers slow-rusting adult plant resistance (apr) to leaf rust and stripe rust but located to a different chromosome through inter-chromosomal reciprocal translocation. however, haplotyping using the cloned lr34/yr18 diagnostic marker and the complete sequencing of the gene indicated lr34/yr18 is absent in rl6077. we crossed rl6077 with the susceptible parent 'avocet' and developed f(3), f(4) and f(6) populations fr ...	2011	20848270
utility of leaf senescence-associated gene homologs as developmental markers in common wheat.	senescence is the final stage of development in plant tissues. in the senescence process, many senescence-associated genes (sags) are reportedly transcriptionally up-regulated. here, we reported the isolation of nine wheat sag cdna clones named tasag1 to tasag9, and evaluated the usefulness of the sag homologs for wheat developmental molecular markers based on their expression patterns. the nine wheat sags were identified in wheat est libraries based on their homology to rice sags. all wheat sag ...	2017	20850333
apoplastic ascorbate contributes to the differential ozone sensitivity in two varieties of winter wheat under fully open-air field conditions.	we studied leaf apoplastic ascorbates in relation to ozone (o(3)) sensitivity in two winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties: yangfumai 2 (y2) and yangmai 16 (y16). the plants were exposed to elevated o(3) concentration 27% higher than the ambient o(3) concentration in a fully open-air field from tillering stage until final maturity. the less sensitive variety y16 had higher concentration of reduced ascorbate in the apoplast and leaf tissue by 33.5% and 12.0%, respectively, than those in t ...	2010	20855141
biotypic diversity in greenbug (hemiptera: aphididae): microsatellite-based regional divergence and host-adapted differentiation.	nineteen isolates of the cereal aphid pest greenbug, schizaphis graminum (rondani) (hemiptera: aphididae), were collected from wheat, triticum aestivum l.; barley, hordeum vulgare l.; or noncultivated grass hosts in five locations from colorado and wyoming. parthenogenetic colonies were established. biotypic profiles of the 19 isolates were determined based on their abilities to damage a set of host plant differentials, and 13 new biotypes were identified. genetic diversity among the 19 isolates ...	2010	20857761
susceptibility of various life stages of rhyzopertha dominica (coleoptera: bostrichidae) to flameless catalytic infrared radiation.	in laboratory experiments, a flameless catalytic infrared emitter, fueled by propane, was used to disinfest hard red winter wheat, triticum aestivum l., containing different life stages of the lesser grain borer, rhyzopertha dominica (f.), an economically important insect species associated with stored wheat in kansas. the emitter generates infrared radiation in the 3-7-microm range. the life stages of r. dominica exposed to infrared radiation included eggs, larvae in different stages of develop ...	2010	20857767
allelic variations in glu-1 and glu-3 loci of historical and modern iranian bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars.	proline and glutamine-rich wheat seed endosperm proteins are collectively referred to as prolamins. they are comprised of hmw-gss, lmw-gss and gliadins. hmw-gss are major determinants of gluten elasticity and lmw-gss considerably affect dough extensibility and maximum dough resistance. the inheritance of glutenin subunits follows mendelian genetics with multiple alleles in each locus. identification of the banding patterns of glutenin subunits could be used as an estimate for screening high qual ...	2010	20861570
spatial and seasonal distribution of nitrate-n in groundwater beneath the rice-wheat cropping system of india: a geospatial analysis.	increased use of nitrogenous fertilizers in the intensively cultivated rice (oryza sativa)-wheat (triticum aestivum) cropping system (covers a 13.5-ha m area in south asia) has led to the concentration of nitrates (no(3)-n) in the groundwater (gw) in haryana state of india. six districts from the freshwater zone were selected to identify factors affecting no(3)-n enrichment in gw. water and soil samples were collected from 1,580 locations and analyzed for their chemical properties. about 3% (26, ...	2011	20865320
identification and validation of quantitative trait loci conferring tan spot resistance in the bread wheat variety ernie.	tan spot, caused by pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is a foliar disease of wheat, and it can inflict serious reduction in grain yield and quality. the bread wheat variety ernie was found to be immune to this disease in australia, and its genetic control was investigated by quantitative trait loci (qtl) analysis using a doubled haploid population. eight qtl were identified in this population from three independent trials, and four of them were derived from the parent ernie. the most significant qtl ...	2010	20865401
[effects of shading on the nitrogen redistribution in wheat plant and the wheat grain quality].	taking winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars yangmai 158 (shading-tolerant) and yangmai 11 (shading-sensitive) as test materials, this paper studied the effects of shading at the stages from jointing to maturity on the plant n redistribution, grain yield, and grain- and dough quality of the cultivars. the treatments were non-shading, 22% shading, and 33% shading. under shading, the grain yield and its protein content of yangmai 158 and yangmai 11 decreased by 4.1%-9.9% and 3.0%-8.3%, and ...	2010	20879528
silicon improves the tolerance of wheat seedlings to ultraviolet-b stress.	enhanced ultraviolet-b (uv-b) irradiation is one of the most important abiotic stresses that could influence the growth and physiological traits of plants. in this work, we reported the effects of silicon on the growth and physiological characteristics of wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l. cv hengmai5229) subject to uv-b stress. treatments with silicon significantly increased total biomass and chlorophyll (a + b) content, and reduced malondialdehyde (mda) content and the rate of superoxide ra ...	2011	20882366
higs: host-induced gene silencing in the obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen blumeria graminis.	powdery mildew fungi are obligate biotrophic pathogens that only grow on living hosts and cause damage in thousands of plant species. despite their agronomical importance, little direct functional evidence for genes of pathogenicity and virulence is currently available because mutagenesis and transformation protocols are lacking. here, we show that the accumulation in barley (hordeum vulgare) and wheat (triticum aestivum) of double-stranded or antisense rna targeting fungal transcripts affects t ...	2010	20884801
metabolic fate of [¹⁴c]diuron and [¹⁴c]linuron in wheat (triticum aestivum) and radish (raphanus sativus).	metabolism of xenobiotics in plants usually occurs in three phases, phase i (primary metabolism), phase ii (conjugation processes), and phase iii (storage). the uptake and metabolism of [(14)c]diuron and [(14)c]linuron were investigated in wheat and radish. seeds were sown in quartz sand and irrigated with a nutrient solution of either radioactive herbicide. plants were harvested after two weeks, and metabolites were extracted and then analyzed by radio-reverse-high-performance liquid chromatogr ...	2010	20886880
the rad51 and dmc1 homoeologous genes of bread wheat: cloning, molecular characterization and expression analysis.	meiotic recombination in eukaryotes requires two homologues of the e. coli reca proteins: rad51 and dmc1. both proteins play important roles in the binding of single stranded dna, homology search, strand invasion and strand exchange. meiotic recombination has been well studied in arabidopsis, rice, maize and the orthologues of rad51 and dmc1 have been characterized. however genetic analysis of the rad51 and dmc1 genes in bread wheat has been hampered due to the absence of complete sequence infor ...	2010	20920212
molecular analysis of phosphomannomutase (pmm) genes reveals a unique pmm duplication event in diverse triticeae species and the main pmm isozymes in bread wheat tissues.	phosphomannomutase (pmm) is an essential enzyme in eukaryotes. however, little is known about pmm gene and function in crop plants. here, we report molecular evolutionary and biochemical analysis of pmm genes in bread wheat and related triticeae species.	2010	20920368
mapping genes lr53 and yr35 on the short arm of chromosome 6b of common wheat with microsatellite markers and studies of their association with lr36.	the rust resistance genes lr53 and yr35, transferred to common wheat from triticum dicoccoides, were reported previously to be completely linked on chromosome 6b. four f (3) families were produced from a cross between a line carrying lr53 and yr35 (98m71) and the leaf rust and stripe rust susceptible genotype avocet "s" and were rust tested using puccinina triticina pathotype 53-1,(6),(7),10,11 and puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici pathotype 110 e143 a+. the homozygous resistant lines produced ...	2010	20924745
"adaptation" and chromosome variability in excised roots of cereals.	heteroploidy, often coinciding with phenotypic or metabolic changes, was found in cereal root cultures. in some cases the changes were apparent after only 4 passages and affected the roots of bread wheat as well as those containing all or some of the wheat and rye genomes. it is unsafe to assume that cultured organised tissues are cytologically stable. the cause of the abnormality is not known but possible mechanisms are discussed.	0	20925680
a comparative analysis of leaf shape of wheat, barley and maize using an empirical shape model.	the phenotypes of grasses show differences depending on growth conditions and ontogenetic stage. understanding these responses and finding suitable mathematical formalizations are an essential part of the development of plant and crop models. usually, a marked change in architecture between juvenile and adult plants is observed, where dimension and shape of leaves are likely to change. in this paper, the plasticity of leaf shape is analysed according to growth conditions and ontogeny.	2011	20929895
toxic effect of tetracycline exposure on growth, antioxidative and genetic indices of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	more attention has been paid to tetracycline contamination in view of its rapid increasing concentration in the environment. therefore, it is important to set up rapid, simple, and accurate methods for monitoring tetracycline ecotoxicity.	2011	20936531
glomus africanum and g. iranicum, two new species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (glomeromycota).	two new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species (glomeromycota) of genus glomus, g. africanum and g. iranicum, are described and illustrated. both species formed spores in loose clusters and singly in soil and g. iranicum sometimes inside roots. g. africanum spores are pale yellow to brownish yellow, globose to subglobose, (60-)87(-125) μm diam, sometimes ovoid to irregular, 80-110 x 90-140 μm. the spore wall consists of a semipermanent, hyaline, outer layer and a laminate, smooth, pale yellow to ...	2010	20943558
stable isotope labelling and zinc distribution in grains studied by laser ablation icp-ms in an ear culture system reveals zinc transport barriers during grain filling in wheat.	zinc (zn) deficiency has been recognized as a potential risk for human health in many developing regions where staple food with low micronutrient density represents a major proportion of the diet. the success of strategies to increase zn content in the edible part of crops requires better understanding of zn transport to, and distribution within, the grains. the transfer of zn from the growth medium to wheat (triticum aestivum) grains in an ear culture system was investigated by using the stable ...	2010	20946419
expression divergence of tambd2 homoeologous genes encoding methyl cpg-binding domain proteins in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	most hexaploid wheat genes are present as triplicate homoeologs derived from the ancestral species. previously, we isolated six wheat cdnas with open reading frame, encoding methyl cpg-binding domain proteins (mbds). in this study, the genomic and cdna sequences of three tambd2 homoeologous genes were obtained and mapped on chromosomes 5a, 5b and 5d, respectively. these sequences showed a very high conservation in the coding region and the exon/intron structure, but the cdna sequences are distin ...	2011	20951189
chromosome elimination by wide hybridization between triticeae or oat plant and pearl millet: pearl millet chromosome dynamics in hybrid embryo cells.	wide crossing is one of a number of practical methods that can be used to expand genetic variation in common wheat (triticum aestivum). however, in crosses between wheat and distantly related species such as maize (zea mays) and pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum), non-wheat chromosomes are often eliminated from the hybrid during embryogenesis. in this study, we used pearl millet pollen to pollinate the pistils of a range of plants in the tribe triticeae, as well as oat. seven days after pollinati ...	2010	20953694
a novel ta.agp.s.1b transcript in chinese common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (agpase), the key enzyme of starch synthesis in plants, is composed of two small and two large subunits, and has plastidial and cytosolic isoforms. in kernels of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.), transcripts for cytosolic (ta.agp.s1a) and plastidial (ta.agp.s1b) small subunits of agpase were encoded by the same gene (ta.agp.s.1) by use of the alternative first exons. in this study, a cdna sequence (1631 bp) [ncbi: eu586278] encoding a nov ...	2010	20965441
carbohydrate structural analysis of wheat flour arabinogalactan protein.	the water-extractable arabinogalactan protein (agp) was isolated from bread wheat flour (triticum aestivum l. variety cadenza) and the structure of the arabinogalactan (ag) carbohydrate component was studied. oligosaccharides, released by hydrolysis of the ag with a range of agp-specific enzymes, were characterised by matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation (maldi)-time of flight (tof)-mass spectrometry (ms), maldi-tof/tof high energy collision induced dissociation (cid) and polysaccharide a ...	2010	20971454
identification and characterization of high temperature stress responsive genes in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and their regulation at various stages of development.	to elucidate the effect of high temperature, wheat plants (triticum aestivum cv. cpan 1676) were given heat shock at 37 and 42°c for 2 h, and responsive genes were identified through pcr-select subtraction technology. four subtractive cdna libraries, including three forward and one reverse subtraction, were constructed from three different developmental stages. a total of 5,500 ests were generated and 3,516 high quality ests submitted to genbank. more than one-third of the ests generated fall in ...	2011	20972607
localization of eukaryote-specific ribosomal proteins in a 5.5-å cryo-em map of the 80s eukaryotic ribosome.	protein synthesis in all living organisms occurs on ribonucleoprotein particles, called ribosomes. despite the universality of this process, eukaryotic ribosomes are significantly larger in size than their bacterial counterparts due in part to the presence of 80 r proteins rather than 54 in bacteria. using cryoelectron microscopy reconstructions of a translating plant (triticum aestivum) 80s ribosome at 5.5-å resolution, together with a 6.1-å map of a translating saccharomyces cerevisiae 80s rib ...	2010	20974910
new insights into the organization, recombination, expression and functional mechanism of low molecular weight glutenin subunit genes in bread wheat.	the bread-making quality of wheat is strongly influenced by multiple low molecular weight glutenin subunit (lmw-gs) proteins expressed in the seeds. however, the organization, recombination and expression of lmw-gs genes and their functional mechanism in bread-making are not well understood. here we report a systematic molecular analysis of lmw-gs genes located at the orthologous glu-3 loci (glu-a3, b3 and d3) of bread wheat using complementary approaches (genome wide characterization of gene me ...	2010	20975830
genomic distribution of quantitative trait loci for yield and yield-related traits in common wheat.	a major objective of quantitative trait locus (qtl) studies is to find genes/markers that can be used in breeding programs via marker assisted selection (mas). we surveyed the qtls for yield and yield-related traits and their genomic distributions in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in the available published reports. we then carried out a meta-qtl (mqtl) analysis to identify the major and consistent qtls for these traits. in total, 55 mqtls were identified, of which 12 significant mqtls were ...	2010	20977657
cryo-em structure and rrna model of a translating eukaryotic 80s ribosome at 5.5-a resolution.	protein biosynthesis, the translation of the genetic code into polypeptides, occurs on ribonucleoprotein particles called ribosomes. although x-ray structures of bacterial ribosomes are available, high-resolution structures of eukaryotic 80s ribosomes are lacking. using cryoelectron microscopy and single-particle reconstruction, we have determined the structure of a translating plant (triticum aestivum) 80s ribosome at 5.5-å resolution. this map, together with a 6.1-å map of a saccharomyces cere ...	2010	20980660
isochromosomes and telocentrics in triticum vulgare.		1946	21021060
on heterosis effects in triticum vulgare.		1946	21026389
characterization of a common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) tasnrk2.7 gene involved in abiotic stress responses.	sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 2 (snrk2) plays a key role in the plant stress signalling transduction pathway via phosphorylation. here, a snrk2 member of common wheat, tasnrk2.7, was cloned and characterized. southern blot analysis suggested that the common wheat genome contains three copies of tasnrk2.7. subcellular localization showed the presence of tasnrk2.7 in the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. expression patterns revealed that tasnrk2.7 is expressed strongly in ro ...	2011	21030389
210pb and 210po in finnish cereals.	a survey was carried out on the activity concentrations of (210)pb and (210)po in cereal grains produced in finland. the cereal species were wheat (triticum aestivum), rye (secale cereale), oats (avena sativa) and barley (hordeum vulgare), which account for 90% of the finnish consumption of cereal products. the survey consisted of 18 flour and 13 unprocessed cereal samples and one hulled grain sample from 22 flour mills. according to the results, the mean (210)pb/(210)po concentrations in wheat ...	2011	21035236
pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw (triticum aestivum l.)--the impact of lignin relocation and plant tissues on enzymatic accessibility.	wheat straw is a potential feedstock for bioethanol production. this paper investigates tissues from whole internode sections subjected to hydrothermal pretreatment at 185°c and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis up to 144 h. analyses revealed an increase in surface lignin as hydrolysis progressed, which could be coupled to the gradual decrease in hydrolysis rate over time. the data support the hypothesis of lignin extraction from the cell wall matrix during pretreatment and deposition as droplets ...	2011	21036603
unexpected presence of graminan- and levan-type fructans in the evergreen frost-hardy eudicot pachysandra terminalis (buxaceae): purification, cloning, and functional analysis of a 6-sst/6-sft enzyme.	about 15% of flowering plants accumulate fructans. inulin-type fructans with β(2,1) fructosyl linkages typically accumulate in the core eudicot families (e.g. asteraceae), while levan-type fructans with β(2,6) linkages and branched, graminan-type fructans with mixed linkages predominate in monocot families. here, we describe the unexpected finding that graminan- and levan-type fructans, as typically occurring in wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare), also accumulate in pachysand ...	2011	21037113
molecular mapping of a non-host resistance gene yrpsty1 in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) for resistance to wheat stripe rust.	cultivated barley (hordeum vulgare l.) is considered as a non-host or inappropriate host species for wheat stripe rust caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. most barley cultivars show a broad-spectrum resistance to wheat stripe rust. to determine the genes for resistance to wheat stripe rust in barley, a cross was made between a resistant barley line y12 and a susceptible line y16. the two parents, f(1) and 147 bc(1) plants were tested at seedling stage with chinese prevalent race cyr32 ...	2010	21039455
haplotype analysis of the genes encoding glutamine synthetase plastic isoforms and their association with nitrogen-use- and yield-related traits in bread wheat.	glutamine synthetase (gs) plays a key role in the growth, nitrogen (n) use and yield potential of cereal crops. investigating the haplotype variation of gs genes and its association with agronomic traits may provide useful information for improving wheat n-use efficiency and yield. we isolated the promoter and coding region sequences of the plastic glutamine synthetase isoform (gs2) genes located on chromosomes 2a, 2b and 2d in bread wheat. by analyzing nucleotide sequence variations of the codi ...	2011	21039562
differences in root functions during long-term drought adaptation: comparison of active gene sets of two wheat genotypes.	in an attempt to shed light on the role of root systems in differential responses of wheat genotypes to long-term water limitation, transcriptional differences between two wheat genotypes (triticum aestivum l., cv. plainsman v and landrace kobomugi) were identified during adaptation to moderate water stress at the tillering stage. differences in organ sizes, water-use efficiency and seed production were detected in plants grown in soil, and root functions were characterised by expression profili ...	2010	21040302
alternative splicing in the coding region of ppo-a1 directly influences the polyphenol oxidase activity in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	polyphenol oxidase (ppo) plays a crucial role in browning reactions in fresh and processed fruits and vegetables, as well as products made from cereal grains. common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) has a large genome, representing an interesting system to advance our understanding of plant ppo gene expression, regulation and function. in the present study, we characterized the expression of ppo-a1, a major ppo gene located on wheat chromosome 2a, using dna sequencing, semi-quantitative rt-pcr, ppo ...	2011	21046181
transfer of the barrier to radial oxygen loss in roots of hordeum marinum to wheat (triticum aestivum): evaluation of four h. marinum-wheat amphiploids.	• wide hybridization of waterlogging-tolerant hordeum marinum with wheat (triticum aestivum) to produce an amphiploid might be one approach to improve waterlogging tolerance in wheat. • growth, root aerenchyma and porosity, and radial oxygen loss (rol) along roots were measured in four h. marinum-wheat amphiploids and their parents (four accessions of h. marinum and chinese spring wheat) in aerated or stagnant nutrient solution. a soil experiment was also conducted. • hordeum marinum maintained ...	2011	21054414
[influence of ca2+ ions on metabolism of active oxygen species in combined cultures of wheat calluses with the fungus tilletia caries].	the effect of ca2+ on morphophysiological parameters of calluses of wheat triticum aestovum l., the level of active oxygen species, and the activity of oxalate oxidase, peroxidase, and catalase is investigated in the case of infestation with the fungus triticum aestivum causing ball smut. the concentration of o2-, h2o2, and activity of oxidoreductases (oxalate oxidase, peroxidase, and catalase) depends on the content of ca2+ ions in the culture medium of calluses. the increase in the concentrati ...	2010	21061603
host associations and incidence of diuraphis spp. in the rocky mountain region of the united states, and pictorial key for their identification.	the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia kurdjumov, is an introduced species first identified in 1986 into the united states. it has since become a major pest of wheat, triticum aestivum l., and other small grains in the western united states. three other diuraphis species, diuraphis frequens (walker), diuraphis mexicana (mcvicar baker), and diuraphis tritici (gillette), were already endemic to the united states before the introduction of d. noxia. the objective of this study was to determine th ...	2010	21061992
characterization of ω-secalin genes from rye, triticale, and a wheat 1bl/1rs translocation line.	sixty-two dna sequences for the coding regions of omega-secalin (ω-secalin) genes have been characterized from rye (secale cereale l.), hexaploid and octoploid triticale (× triticosecale wittmack), and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) 1bl/1rs translocation line. only 19 out of the 62 ω-secalin gene sequences were full-length open reading frames (orfs), which can be expressed into functional proteins. the other 43 dna sequences were pseudogenes, as their orfs were interrupted by one or a few stop cod ...	2010	21063058
qtl mapping of 1000-kernel weight, kernel length, and kernel width in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	kernel size and morphology influence the market value and milling yield of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) controlling kernel traits in hexaploid wheat. we recorded 1000-kernel weight, kernel length, and kernel width for 185 recombinant inbred lines from the cross rye selection 111 × chinese spring grown in 2 agro-climatic regions in india for many years. composite interval mapping (cim) was employed for qtl det ...	2010	21063060
storage products and transcriptional analysis of the endosperm of cultivated wheat and two wild wheat species.	the starch and protein in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) endosperm provide 20 percent of the calories eaten by humans and were heavily selected for during domestication. we examined the main storage products and gene expression patterns that may embody compositional differences between two wild species aegilops crassa and aegilops tauschii and cultivated bread wheat. the storage product profiles differed significantly with t. aestivum accumulating twice as much carbon as the wild species, while th ...	2010	21063061
early and late plastid development in response to chill stress and heat stress in wheat seedlings.	five-day-old etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings were transferred to 7°c (chill stress), 25°c (control), and 42°c (heat stress) and were kept in the dark or light for different time periods. plastids were isolated from the control and stressed seedlings, and their low-temperature (77 k) fluorescence emission spectra were monitored. most of the protochlorophyllide (pchlide) present in heat-stressed etiolated seedlings were in nonphototransformable form. the phototransformable pchlide ...	2011	21063735
genome-wide association analyses of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germplasm identifies multiple loci for aluminium resistance.	aluminium (al3+) toxicity restricts productivity and profitability of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) crops grown on acid soils worldwide. continued gains will be obtained by identifying superior alleles and novel al3+ resistance loci that can be incorporated into breeding programs. we used association mapping to identify genomic regions associated with al3+ resistance using 1055 accessions of common wheat from different geographic regions of the world and 178 polymorphic diversity arrays technolog ...	2010	21076511
[freezing of dehydrated calluses of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in liquid nitrogen and their morphogenetic potential].	a cryopreservation method developed earlier was modified for freezing the calluses derived from mature embryos of four spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) pure lines. the effects of individual stages of cryopreservation protocol on the water content, number of calluses resuming growth, and rate of morphogenesis were analyzed. growth resumption was observed in 90.5-100% of the calluses after dehydration and in 93.3-100% after freezing-thawing. the number of calluses displaying signs of morphogene ...	2016	21077367
inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity results in the inhibition of russian wheat aphid-induced defense enzymes.	the role of xanthine oxidase (xo) in the defense response of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) against the russian wheat aphid (rwa) (diuraphis noxia) was studied. xanthine oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid, and oxygen radicals that are formed as a by-product at both of these oxidation steps may participate in plant defense reactions. a resistant wheat cultivar (tugela dn), and a close isogenic susceptible cultivar (tugela), were infested with 20-30 aphids per p ...	2010	21086025
accumulation and distribution of cadmium and lead in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in contaminated soils from the oasis, north-west china.	crops grown in soils contaminated by heavy metals are an important avenue for toxic metals entering the human food chain. the objectives of our study were to investigate the accumulation and distribution of cadmium (cd) and lead (pb) in wheat plants cultivated in arid soils spiked with different doses of heavy metal, as well as bioavailability of these metals in the contaminated arid soils from the oasis, north-west china.	2011	21086461
failure to corroborate claims that the developing endosperm of wheat (triticum aestivum) contains significant activities of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.	this work was done to test claims (sangwan and singh, physiol. plant. 73: 21-26) that the developing endosperm of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) contains a cytosolic and a plastidic fructose- 1,6-bisphosphatase (ec 3.1.3.11; fbpase). repetition of the procedure of sangwan and singh with extracts of developing endosperm of triticum aestivum cv. mercia produced two peaks of apparent fbpase activity on elution from deae-cellulose. both peaks showed high activity of pyrophosphate:fructose-6-phos-phate ...	1990	21087272
plastid microtubule-like structures in wheat are insensitive to microtubule inhibitors.	the effects of microtubule inhibitors on the spectral properties of leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. walde) and on the presence of plastid microtubule-like structures (mtls) during etioplast to chloroplast transformation were examined. amiprophos-methyl (apm, 0.1 mm), fed to leaf sections of 7-day-old dark-grown wheat, reduced the ration of phototransformable to non-phototransformable proto-chlorophyllide (pchlide), decreased the rate of the shibata shift, and inhibited chlorophyll accu ...	1990	21087273
isolation and characterization of two putative cytokinin oxidase genes related to grain number per spike phenotype in wheat.	cytokinin oxidases are involved in the regulation of plant cytokinin levels, which are important in regulating plant growth and development, and may affect the yield of cereals. here, we report the isolation and characterization of two putative cytokinin oxidase genes, tackx2.1 and tackx2.2, from wheat. both tackx2.1 and tackx2.2 are mapped to the 0.24-0.55 region of the short arm of wheat chromosome 3d and their coding proteins are most closely related to osckx2. phylogenetic tree analysis reve ...	0	21104150
cloning and characterization of a calcium binding ef-hand protein gene tacab1 from wheat and its expression in response to puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and abiotic stresses.	calcium is a ubiquitous and essential secondary messenger in eukaryotic signal transduction pathways. calcium binding protein, as a component of pathways, plays various roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as in developmental processes in plants. in this study, a calcium binding protein gene, designated as tacab1 (triticum aestivum calcium binding ef-hand protein 1), was isolated and characterized from wheat leaves (cv. suwon 11) infected by puccinia striiformis f. sp. triti ...	2010	21110112
a high-throughput method for the detection of homologous gene deletions in hexaploid wheat.	mutational inactivation of plant genes is an essential tool in gene function studies. plants with inactivated or deleted genes may also be exploited for crop improvement if such mutations/deletions produce a desirable agronomical and/or quality phenotype. however, the use of mutational gene inactivation/deletion has been impeded in polyploid plant species by genetic redundancy, as polyploids contain multiple copies of the same genes (homologous genes) encoded by each of the ancestral genomes. si ...	2010	21114819
taabc1, a member of the activity of bc1 complex protein kinase family from common wheat, confers enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses in arabidopsis.	abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and low temperature have drastic effects on plant growth and development. however, the molecular mechanisms regulating biochemical and physiological changes in response to stresses are not well understood. protein kinases are major signal transduction factors among the reported molecular mechanisms mediating acclimation to environmental changes. protein kinase abc1 (activity of bc(1) complex) is involved in regulating coenzyme q biosynthesis in mitocho ...	2010	21115661
genetic structure and ecogeographical adaptation in wild barley (hordeum chilense roemer et schultes) as revealed by microsatellite markers.	multi-allelic microsatellite markers have become the markers of choice for the determination of genetic structure in plants. synteny across cereals has allowed the cross-species and cross-genera transferability of ssr markers, which constitute a valuable and cost-effective tool for the genetic analysis and marker-assisted introgression of wild related species. hordeum chilense is one of the wild relatives with a high potential for cereal breeding, due to its high crossability (both interspecies ...	0	21118494
a screening method to identify genetic variation in root growth response to a salinity gradient.	salinity as well as drought are increasing problems in agriculture. durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. ssp. durum desf.) is relatively salt sensitive compared with bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and yields poorly on saline soil. field studies indicate that roots of durum wheat do not proliferate as extensively as bread wheat in saline soil. in order to look for genetic diversity in root growth within durum wheat, a screening method was developed to identify genetic variation in rates of root ...	2011	21118825
minimisation of instrumental noise in the acquisition of ft-nir spectra of bread wheat using experimental design and signal processing techniques.	spectral resolution (r) and number of repeated scans (s) have a significant effect on the s/n ratio of fourier transform-near infrared (ft-nir) spectra, but the optimal values of these two parameters have to be determined empirically for a specific problem, considering separately both the nature of the analysed matrix and the specific instrumental setup. to achieve this aim, the instrumental noise of replicated ft-nir spectra of wheat samples was modelled as a function of r and s by means of the ...	2011	21127845
analysis of elevated temperature-induced inhibition of photosystem ii using chlorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics in wheat leaves (triticum aestivum).	wheat is the major crop plant in many parts of the world. elevated temperature-induced changes in photosynthetic efficiency were studied in wheat (t. aestivum) leaves by measuring chl a fluorescence induction kinetics. detached leaves were subjected to elevated temperature stress of 35 °c, 40 °c or 45 °c. parameters such as fv/fm, performance index (pi), and reaction centre to absorbance ratio (rc/abs) were deduced using radial plots from fluorescence induction curves obtained with a plant effic ...	2011	21143718