Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| a metabonomic study of transgenic maize (zea mays) seeds revealed variations in osmolytes and branched amino acids. | the aim of the research was to investigate metabolic variations associated with genetic modifications in the grains of zea mays using metabonomic techniques. with this in mind, the non-targeted characteristic of the technique is useful to identify metabolites peculiar to the genetic modification and initially undefined. the results obtained showed that the genetic modification, introducing cry1ab gene expression, induces metabolic variations involving the primary nitrogen pathway. concerning the ... | 2006 | 16831843 |
| diversity of bacillus thuringiensis strains in the maize and bean phylloplane and their respective soils in colombia. | to evaluate the distribution of bacillus thuringiensis strains from maize and bean phylloplane and their respective soils. | 2006 | 16834598 |
| genetically engineered plants, endangered species, and risk: a temporal and spatial exposure assessment for karner blue butterfly larvae and bt maize pollen. | genetically engineered maize (zea mays) containing insecticidal endotoxin proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) delta-endotoxin proteins has been adopted widely in the midwestern united states. the proteins are toxic to several lepidopteran species and because a variety of maize tissues, including pollen, may express the endotoxins, the probability of exposure to nontarget species, including endangered species, needs to be understood. the objective of this study was to assess the potential t ... | 2006 | 16834638 |
| activation process of the mosquitocidal delta-endotoxin cry39a produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai bun1-14 and binding property to anopheles stephensi bbmv. | most delta-endotoxins produced by bacillus thuringiensis require proteolytic processing in order to become active. the in vitro and in vivo activation processes of cry39a, a delta-endotoxin that is highly toxic to anopheles stephensi, were investigated. cry39a with a molecular mass of 72 kda was processed in vitro into a 60 kda fragment by trypsin and gut extract from a. stephensi larvae. n-terminal amino acid sequencing of the 60 kda fragment revealed that trypsin and the protease(s) in the gut ... | 2006 | 16837008 |
| restraining erwinia virulence by expression of n-acyl homoserine lactonase gene pro3a-aiia in bacillus thuringiensis subsp leesis. | to widen the biological control function of a genetically modified bacillus thuringiensis subsp leesis strain bmb-005, an acyl homoserine lactonase (ahl lactonase) gene aiia transcribed by the promoter of insecticidal crystal protein coding gene cry3a, was transformed into strain bmb-005. the amount of ahl lactonase protein produced by transformant bmb821a was 2.4-fold more than that produced by bmb-005. ahl-degradation assay showed that transformant bmb821a could degrade more ahls molecules tha ... | 2006 | 16838380 |
| ecological risk assessment for bt crops. | 2006 | 16841050 | |
| pyrolysis mass spectrometry for distinguishing potential hoax materials from bioterror agents. | pyrolysis mass spectrometry (pyms) was investigated as a rapid tool to distinguish potential bioterror hoax materials from samples containing pathogenic bacteria. a pyrolysis time-of-flight (tof) mass spectrometer equipped with an alternative ionization technique, metastable atom bombardment (mab), was used to produce sample spectra. these spectra were analyzed by principal component and discriminant analysis for pattern recognition. materials investigated were two strains of vibrio parahaemolyt ... | 2006 | 16841357 |
| characterization of bacillus anthracis-like bacteria isolated from wild great apes from cote d'ivoire and cameroon. | we present the microbiological and molecular characterization of bacteria isolated from four chimpanzees and one gorilla thought to have died of an anthrax-like disease in côte d'ivoire and cameroon. these isolates differed significantly from classic bacillus anthracis by the following criteria: motility, resistance to the gamma phage, and, for isolates from cameroon, resistance to penicillin g. a capsule was expressed not only after induction by co(2) and bicarbonate but also under normal growt ... | 2006 | 16855222 |
| laboratory and field evaluations of rhodojaponin-iii against the imported cabbage worm pieris rapae (l.) (lepidoptera: pieridae). | the activity of rhodojaponin-iii (r-iii), a grayanoid diterpene compound isolated from rhododendron molle g. don flowers, was determined under laboratory and field conditions as an antifeedant, stomach poison, contact toxicant and insect growth inhibitor against pieris rapae (l.) larvae. the median antifeedant concentration (afc(50)) values in no-choice leaf disc tests were 1.16 and 15.85 mg l(-1) at 24 h after treatment when tested against third and fifth instars respectively. the median lethal ... | 2006 | 16856122 |
| ovipositional and ovicidal effects of the microbial agent bacillus thuringiensis israelensis on culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae). | the magnitude of oviposition as well as the size, shape and the number of eggs per of egg rafts egg raft were determined after gravid culex quinquefasciatus say oviposited on water treated with water dispersible granules (wdg) of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis (bti) and on untreated water. the mean number of eggs/raft was lower in the treated than in the untreated water. bti concentrations from 0.5 to 2.0mg/l affected the shape of egg rafts and number of eggs in each raft. as the concen ... | 2006 | 16859087 |
| feeding behavior of larval black flies (diptera: simuliidae) with and without exposure to bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. | behavioral time budgets were constructed for larval black flies of the simulium jenningsi and s. tuberosum groups in a recirculating flume. larvae spent the majority (54-80%) of time filter feeding. flick rates of the labral fans, which averaged 0.7-1.9 flicks/sec, did not differ significantly between regimens of 0 mg/l and 10 mg/l of food. larvae consistently flicked the fan nearest the water surface significantly more often than the lower fan. they also tended to flick the right fan more than ... | 2006 | 16859093 |
| a detection method of cryiac protein for identifying genetically modified rice using the lateral flow strip assay. | we examined the lateral flow strip assay for identifying unauthorized genetically modified (gm) rice. the gm rice expresses the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin, cryiac protein, which confers tolerance to insects. the recombinant cryiac protein was prepared from the inclusion bodies of an e. coli. strain into which the cryiac gene had been inserted, using gel filtration chromatography. the lateral flow strip assay for the identification of gm cotton which also expresses cryiac protein, was appl ... | 2006 | 16862988 |
| preparation and evaluation of spore-specific affinity-augmented bio-imprinted beads. | a novel, affinity-augmented, bacterial spore-imprinted, bead material was synthesized, based on a procedure developed for vegetative bacteria. the imprinted beads were intended as a front-end spore capture/concentration stage of an integrated biological detection system. our approach involved embedding bead surfaces with bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (bt) spores (as a surrogate for bacillus anthracis) during synthesis. subsequent steps involved lithographic deactivation using a perfluoroether; ... | 2006 | 16865337 |
| [environmental monitoring and control strategy of urban mosquito culicidae (diptera: culicidae) populations in wrocław]. | among dipterans of medical and veterinary importance, the mosquitoes (culicidae) play the most important role both as vectors and nuisance insects. mass occurrence of floodwater mosquito species in the flooded area in wrocław district (lower silesia, poland) in 1997 has enhanced the already existed problem of mosquito control. a successful model of control strategy for the city based on the currently recommended integrated methodologies with special emphasis on preventive treatment of aquatic la ... | 2004 | 16865970 |
| [the influence of bt-melanin on the recovery of conditioned instrumental reflexes in rats surviving after ablation of the sensorimotor cortex]. | it has been shown the reinforcement of the corticofugal plasticity in adult rats after unilateral ablation of sensorimotor cortex accompanied by intramuscular injections of low concentrations of bt-melanin. in result the process of compensatory recovery in rats central nervous system is accelerated, confirmable by the rapid recovery of previously elaborated instrumental conditioned reflex in comparison with the control animals. it is assumed that the compensation of the motor deficit arised afte ... | 2006 | 16869274 |
| siderophores of bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis. | three bacillus anthracis sterne strains (usamriid, 7702, and 34f2) and bacillus cereus atcc 14579 excrete two catecholate siderophores, petrobactin (which contains 3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl moieties) and bacillibactin (which contains 2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl moieties). however, the insecticidal organism bacillus thuringiensis atcc 33679 makes only bacillibactin. analyses of siderophore production by previously isolated [cendrowski et al., mol. microbiol. 52 (2004) 407-417] b. anthracis mutant strains rev ... | 2006 | 16875672 |
| studies on the growth metabolism of bacillus thuringiensis and its vegetative insecticidal protein engineered strains by microcalorimetry. | the metabolic power-times curves of bacillus thuringiensis and its vegetative insecticidal protein engineered strains were determined at 30 degrees c by using a thermal activity monitor air isothermal microcalorimeter, ampoule method. from the power-times curves, the maximum power (pmax) in the log phase, the growth rate constant (k), the generation times (tg), the time of the maximum power (tmax), the heat effects (qlog) for log phase, and the total heat effect in 45 h (qtotal) of b. thuringien ... | 2006 | 16878547 |
| laboratory evaluation of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 against aedes aegypti. | laboratory efficacy and residual activity of a water dispersible granule formulation of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) at the dosages of 3000, 6000 and 15000 itu/l were conducted in this study. the study was conducted in two different size containers, earthen jar (45 l) and glass jar (3 l) with or without daily replenishment of 6 l and 0.3 l of water in the earthen and glass jars, respectively. results indicate that for both earthen jar and glass jar evaluations, bti at the tested dosa ... | 2005 | 16880748 |
| [bioconversion of sewage sludge to biopesticide by bacillus thuringiensis]. | feasibility of bioconversion of sewage sludge to biopesticide by bacillus thuringiensis was studied using sewage sludge as a raw material. the fermentation was also compared with conventional medium. results showed that without any pretreatment, the nutrients contained in sewage sludge were almost sufficient for bacillus thuringiensis growth, even with a rapid multiplicational rate. higher viable cells and viable spores values were obtained earlier at 24 h, with 9.48 x 10(8) cfu x ml(-1) and 8.5 ... | 2006 | 16881328 |
| correlated expression of gfp and bt cry1ac gene facilitates quantification of transgenic hybridization between brassicas. | gene flow from transgenic oilseed rape (brassica napus) might not be avoidable, thus, it is important to detect and quantify hybridization events with its relatives in real time. data are presented showing the correlation between genetically linked green fluorescent protein (gfp) with bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ac gene expression in hybrids formed between transgenic b. napus "westar" and a wild chinese accession of wild mustard (b. juncea) and hybridization between transgenic b. napus and a ... | 2006 | 16883477 |
| [effects of transgenic bt cry1ab rice on collembolan population in paddy field]. | to assess the potential ecological risk of transgenic bt rice to non-target soil organisms in paddy field, transgenic crylab rice kmd1 and kmd2 and their parental control rice line xs11 were planted in experimental fields, and collembolan species and their densities were investigated during grain-filling and post-harvest stages in 2003 to approximately 2004. by using an arthropod-sucking machine, two collembolan species, entomobrya griseoolivata and bourletiella christianseni, were collected fro ... | 2006 | 16883824 |
| [changes of nutrients in soil of transgenic bt crops]. | pot experiment showed that after 30 days of transgenic bt rice planting and by the end of the growth season of transgenic bt cotton, the contents of soil total c, total n, alkali-hydrolyzable n, and available p and s had no significant difference with the control, which suggested that there was a little disturbance in the cycle and balance of soil nutrients after a short period of transgenic bt crops planting. | 2006 | 16883833 |
| analyses of cry1ab binding in resistant and susceptible strains of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hubner) (lepidoptera: crambidae). | cry1ab toxin binding analysis was performed to determine whether resistance in laboratory-selected ostrinia nubilalis strains is associated with target site alteration. brush border membrane vesicles were prepared using dissected midguts from late instars of susceptible and resistant strains (europe-r and rstt) of o. nubilalis. immunoblot analysis indicated that three different proteins bound to cry1ab toxin and were recognized by an anticadherin serum. in a comparison of resistant and susceptib ... | 2006 | 16885282 |
| cloning and expression of two crystal protein genes, cry30ba1 and cry44aa1, obtained from a highly mosquitocidal strain, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus ina288. | two novel crystal protein genes, cry30ba and cry44aa, were cloned from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus ina288 and expressed in an acrystalliferous strain. cry44aa crystals were highly toxic to second-instar culex pipiens pallens (50% mortality concentration [lc50] = 6 ng/ml) and aedes aegypti (lc50 = 12 ng/ml); however, cry30ba crystals were not toxic. | 2006 | 16885329 |
| the entry mechanism of membrane-containing phage bam35 infecting bacillus thuringiensis. | the temperate double-stranded dna bacteriophage bam35 infects gram-positive bacillus thuringiensis cells. bam35 has an icosahedral protein coat surrounding the viral membrane that encloses the linear 15-kbp dna genome. the protein coat of bam35 uses the same assembly principle as that of prd1, a lytic bacteriophage infecting gram-negative hosts. in this study, we dissected the process of bam35 entry into discrete steps: receptor binding, peptidoglycan penetration, and interaction with the plasma ... | 2006 | 16885461 |
| genetics and evidence for an esterase-associated mechanism of resistance to indoxacarb in a field population of diamondback moth (lepidoptera: plutellidae). | bioassays (at generation g2) with a newly collected field population (designated ch3) of plutella xylostella l. from farmers' fields in the cameron highlands, malaysia, indicated resistance ratios of 813-, 79-, 171-, 498- and 1285-fold for indoxacarb, fipronil, spinosad, deltamethrin and bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ac respectively compared with a laboratory susceptible population (lab-uk). at g2 the field-derived population was divided into two subpopulations: one was selected (g2 to g7) wi ... | 2006 | 16886171 |
| [transgenic bioinsecticides inimical to parasites, but imical to environment]. | identification of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) parasporal crystalline inclusions composed of cry proteins (=delta-endotoxins) resulted in introduction of microbial pesticides for biological control of some parasites. delta-endotoxins are encoded by cry genes and are active against pest and nuisance insects (mostly mosquitoes and black flies--vectors of still important infectious diseases). the recent significant progress in dna recombination technique may overcome limitations (a short residual pe ... | 2003 | 16889013 |
| mosquitocidal toxin from bacillus sphaericus induces stronger delayed effects than binary toxin on culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | we studied the toxicity and delayed effects of a mosquitocidal toxin (mtx1) and a binary toxin (bin) produced in escherchia coli e-th21 and bacillus thuringiensis b-cw1, respectively, on culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). bioassay results showed that both e-th21 powder and b-cw1 sporulated culture were highly toxic against susceptible cx. quinquefasciatus, with lc50 values of 0.65 and 1.70 mg/liter against third and fourth instars at 48 h, respectively. after initial 48-h exposure of l ... | 2006 | 16892631 |
| the heliothis virescens cadherin protein expressed in drosophila s2 cells functions as a receptor for bacillus thuringiensis cry1a but not cry1fa toxins. | genetic knockout of the btr4 gene encoding the heliothis virescens cadherin-like protein (hevcalp) is linked to resistance against cry1ac toxin from bacillus thuringiensis. however, the functional cry1ac receptor role of this protein has not been established. we previously proposed hevcalp as a shared binding site for b. thuringiensis (bt) cry1a and cry1fa toxins in the midgut epithelium of h. virescens larvae. considering that cry1ac and cry1fa are coexpressed in second-generation transgenic co ... | 2006 | 16893170 |
| [toxicity of isolates of bacillus thuringiensis from wroclaw against larvae of aedes aegypti]. | seven field isolates of bacillus thuringiensis from the lower silesia, region of poland, the osola plain and phylloplane niches and soil samples from the karkonosze national park were tested in vitro for insecticidal activity against mosquito larvae aedes aegypti. both the spore/crystal mixture and pured crystals from b. thuringienis strains kpc1, kpf3 and opq3 (belonging to the first physiological group including the subspecies japonensis, yoso, jinghongiensis ) proved to be the most active aga ... | 2001 | 16894738 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of pbmb67, a 67-kb plasmid from bacillus thuringiensis strain ybt-1520. | the complete nucleotide sequence of a large (67kb) cryptic plasmid pbmb67 from bacillus thuringiensis strain ybt-1520 was determined. of the 74 predicted open reading frames (orfs), 25 (34%) were assigned putative functions, 18 (24%) encoded conserved hypothetical proteins, and 31 (42%) had no homology to any genes present in the current open databases. the orfs with similar functions were organized in a modular structure; thus, the dna sequence of pbmb67 could be functionally divided into three ... | 2007 | 16901541 |
| development of an innovative immunoassay for cp4epsps and cry1ab genetically modified protein detection and quantification. | an innovative immunoassay, called enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (elisa) reverse, based on a new conformation of the solid phase, was developed. the solid support was expressly designed to be immersed directly in liquid samples to detect the presence of protein targets. its application is proposed in those cases where a large number of samples have to be screened simultaneously or when the simultaneous detection of different proteins is required. as a first application, a quantitative immun ... | 2006 | 16901856 |
| health and food safety: the benefits of bt-corn. | 2006 | 16903029 | |
| chitinases produced by paenibacillus illinoisensis and bacillus thuringiensis subsp. pakistani degrade nod factor from bradyrhizobium japonicum. | chitinases are enzymes that hydrolyze internal beta-1,4-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine linkages of chitin. since the backbone of nod factors is a chitin oligomer, we investigated whether chitinases produced by soil bacteria paenibacillus illinoisensis kja-424 and bacillus thuringiensis subsp. pakistani hd 395 are able to degrade nod factor produced by bradyrhizobium japonicum, a phenomenon that could disrupt b. japonicum-soybean signaling and nodule establishment when chitinases are present. purified no ... | 2008 | 16904303 |
| the compatibility of a nucleopolyhedrosis virus control with resistance management for bacillus thuringiensis: co-infection and cross-resistance studies with the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella. | the use of genetically modified crops expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins can lead to the reduction in application of broad-spectrum pesticides and an increased opportunity for supplementary biological control. bt microbial sprays are also used by organic growers or as part of integrated pest management programs that rely on the use of natural enemies. in both applications the evolution of resistance to bt toxins is a potential problem. natural enemies (pathogens or insects) acting in ... | 2006 | 16905146 |
| common genomic structure for the lepidoptera cadherin-like genes. | a cadherin-like protein present in the midgut epithelial cells of lepidoptera is associated with insect resistance to bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins. we describe for the first time the genes that encode the cadherin-like proteins in ostrinia nubilalis, helicoverpa armigera, and bombyx mori, and analyze their organization. these genes encompass 19.6 kb, 20.0 kb, and 41.8 kb of genomic dna, respectively, and despite the size heterogeneity, they are all composed of 35 exons that are linked by 34 ... | 2006 | 16905280 |
| a mechanical force contributes to the "osmotic swelling" of brush-border membrane vesicles. | brush-border membrane vesicles and an osmotic swelling assay have been used extensively to monitor the pore-forming activity of bacillus thuringiensis toxins. after a hypertonic shock, manduca sexta midgut brush-border membrane vesicles shrink rapidly and reswell partially to a volume that depends on membrane permeability and toxin concentration rather than regaining their original volume as expected from theoretical models. because efflux of buffer from the vesicles, as they shrink, could contr ... | 2006 | 16905617 |
| expression of the cry9aa2 b.t. gene in tobacco chloroplasts confers resistance to potato tuber moth. | we report here the control of potato tuber moth (phthorimaea operculella) by incorporating a truncated bacillus thuringiensis cry9aa2 gene in the plastid genome. plasmids pskc84 and pskc85 are derivatives of a new polycistronic plastid transformation vector, pprv312l, that carries spectinomycin resistance (aada) as a selective marker and targets insertions in the trni-trna intergenic region. the cry9aa2 n-terminal region (82.1 kda; 734 amino acids) was expressed in a cassette, which consists of ... | 2006 | 16906448 |
| prey-mediated effects of transgenic canola on a beneficial, non-target, carabid beetle. | transgenic plants producing insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) can control some major insect pests and reduce reliance on sprayed insecticides. however, large scale adoption of this technology has raised concerns about potential negative effects, including evolution of pest resistance to bt toxins, transgene flow from bt crops to other plants, and harm to non-target beneficial organisms. furthermore, concern has also been expressed over the effects this technology may have on ... | 2006 | 16906450 |
| beyond the spore--past and future developments of bacillus thuringiensis as a biopesticide. | formulated and sporulated cultures of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are widely used as foliar sprays as part of integrated pest management strategies against insect pests of agricultural crops. although in several cases the presence of the spore has been shown to improve the activity of the product, other bt-based insecticides have been developed in which the spore is absent. the most notable of these are transgenic plants expressing just the insect toxin gene from the bacterium. this paper will d ... | 2006 | 16907811 |
| transcriptional response of choristoneura fumiferana to sublethal exposure of cry1ab protoxin from bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis is a microbial control agent active against choristoneura fumiferana, a lepidopteran defoliator of north american forests. although the b. thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protoxins have a relatively narrow host range, there is concern about their impact on non-target species where intoxication effects may not be overt. larval toxicity effects can be assessed at the molecular level by determining altered transcriptional profiles in response to sublethal protoxin exposure ... | 2006 | 16907834 |
| purification and characterization of an exochitinase from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai and its action against phytopathogenic fungi. | a chitinolytic enzyme from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai has been purified and its molecular mass was estimated ca. 66 kda by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the enzyme was able to hydrolyze chitin to chitobiosides but not carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose, pullulan, and laminarin. optimal ph and temperature were detected at 6 and 50 degrees c, respectively. stability, in the absence of substrate, was observed at temperatures less than 60 degrees c a ... | 2006 | 16917521 |
| structural changes of the cry1ac oligomeric pre-pore from bacillus thuringiensis induced by n-acetylgalactosamine facilitates toxin membrane insertion. | the primary action of cry toxins produced by bacillus thuringiensis is to lyse midgut epithelial cells in their target insect by forming lytic pores. the toxin-receptor interaction is a complex process, involving multiple interactions with different receptor and carbohydrate molecules. it has been proposed that cry1a toxins sequentially interact with a cadherin receptor, leading to the formation of a pre-pore oligomer structure, and that the oligomeric structure binds to glycosylphosphatidyl-ino ... | 2006 | 16922508 |
| evaluation of chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and a peroxyacetic acid-based sanitizer for effectiveness in killing bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis spores in suspensions, on the surface of stainless steel, and on apples. | chlorine (10 to 200 microg/ml), chlorine dioxide (10 to 200 microg/ml), and a peroxyacetic acid-based sanitizer (40 and 80 microg/ ml) were evaluated for effectiveness in killing spores of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis in suspensions and on the surface of stainless steel and apples. water and 5% horse serum were used as carriers for spore inoculum applied to the surface of stainless steel coupons, and 5% horse serum was used as a carrier for inoculum applied to apples. inocula were ... | 2006 | 16924915 |
| a selective chromogenic agar that distinguishes bacillus anthracis from bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis. | a selective and differential plating medium, r & f anthracis chromogenic agar (aca), has been developed for isolating and identifying presumptive colonies of bacillus anthracis. aca contains the chromogenic substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-choline phosphate that upon hydrolysis yields teal (blue green) colonies indicating the presence of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase c (pc-plc) activity. among seven bacillus species tested on aca, only members of the bacillus cereus group (b. an ... | 2006 | 16924932 |
| secreted neutral metalloproteases of bacillus anthracis as candidate pathogenic factors. | to evaluate the pathogenic potential of bacillus anthracis-secreted proteases distinct from lethal toxin, two neutral zinc metalloproteases were purified to apparent homogeneity from the culture supernatant of a non-virulent delta ames strain (pxo1-, pxo2-). the first (designated npr599) is a thermolysin-like enzyme highly homologous to bacillolysins from other bacillus species. the second (designated inha) is a homolog of the bacillus thuringiensis immune inhibitor a. these proteases belong to ... | 2006 | 16926147 |
| analysis of the cellular immune response induced by bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxins in mice: effect of the hydrophobic motif from diphtheria toxin. | insecticidal cry1a toxins from bacillus thuringiensis elicit strong humoral immune response in mice. previously, we showed that an eight hydrophobic motif amino acid substitution in domain i did not affect the antibody inducing capacity of the cry1a toxins, on the contrary, it was enhanced after intranasal immunization. in addition, cry1a mutants (carrying a substitution of a motif from fragment b of diphtheria toxin into the structurally similar hydrophobic alpha-helix 7 motif of cry1a toxins) ... | 2007 | 16930715 |
| [influence of accessory protein p19 from bacillus thuringiensis on insecticidal crystal protein cry11aa]. | p19 gene, cry11aa gene and p20 gene from bacillus thuringienesis subsp. israelensis are organized as a single operon. it is reported that p20 polypeptide is not required for high-level expression of cry11aa and crystal formation in b. thuringiensis. it is deduced that p19 might relate to cry11aa crystallization. in this study, two recombinant plasmids phcy1 and phcy3 containing cryllaa gene were constructed, the latter absent from p19 gene encoding a possible accessory protein between cry11aa pr ... | 2006 | 16933600 |
| [purification and characterization of weak-acid antibacterial peptide md7095 from musca domestica larvae]. | musca domestica,which belongs to insecta, diptera, cyclorrhapha, muscidae, is the most common muscae and the richest resource. it is very significant and valuable to isolate antibacterial peptides from musca domestica and to develop these peptides into antibacterial medicine. due to purify a pure peptide from the natural materials (animal, plant and microorganism tissue) is very difficult and complex, few research is going on. it had been reported that the most antibacterial peptides from musca ... | 2006 | 16933610 |
| identification and molecular detection of a deletion mutation responsible for a truncated cadherin of helicoverpa armigera. | cadherins are a class of receptor proteins for bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxins. disruption of a cadherin gene (ha_btr) is associated with cry1ac resistance in the cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera [xu, x., yu, l., wu, y., 2005. disruption of a cadherin gene associated with resistance to cry1ac delta-endotoxin of b. thuringiensis in h. armigera. appl. environ. microbiol. 71, 948-954]. determination of the genomic dna sequences of ha_btr gene showed that the wild type ha_btr coding sequence ... | 2006 | 16935222 |
| identification and characterization of the bacillus thuringiensis phaz gene, encoding new intracellular poly-3-hydroxybutyrate depolymerase. | a gene that codes for a novel intracellular poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (phb) depolymerase has now been identified in the genome of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis atcc 35646. this gene, previously annotated as a hypothetical 3-oxoadipate enol-lactonase (pcad) gene and now designated phaz, encodes a protein that shows no significant similarity with any known phb depolymerase. purified his-tagged phaz could efficiently degrade trypsin-activated native phb granules as well as artificial amorp ... | 2006 | 16936025 |
| genetic variability of spodoptera frugiperda smith (lepidoptera: noctuidae) populations from latin america is associated with variations in susceptibility to bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins. | bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from latin american soil samples that showed toxicity against three spodoptera frugiperda populations from different geographical areas (mexico, colombia, and brazil) were characterized on the basis of their insecticidal activity, crystal morphology, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of parasporal crystals, plasmid profiles, and cry gene content. we found that the different s. frugiperda populations display different susceptibilitie ... | 2006 | 16936049 |
| minireplicon from pbtoxis of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | a 2.2-kb fragment containing a replicon from pbtoxis, the large plasmid that encodes the insecticidal endotoxins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, was identified, cloned, and sequenced. this fragment contains cis elements, including iterons, found in replication origins of other large plasmids and suggests that pbtoxis replicates by a type a theta mechanism. two genes, pbt156 and pbt157, encoding proteins of 54.4 kda and 11.8 kda, respectively, were present in an operon within this m ... | 2006 | 16936050 |
| screening of different adjuvants for wastewater/wastewater sludge-based bacillus thuringiensis formulations. | screening of different adjuvants, namely, suspending agents, phagostimulants, stickers, antimicrobial agents, and uv screens to develop aqueous biopesticidal suspensions of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) variety kurstaki hd-1 fermented broths, specifically, nonhydrolyzed sludge, hydrolyzed sludge, starch industry wastewater, and soya (commercial medium), were investigated. the selected suspending agents [20% (wt:vol)] included sorbitol, sodium monophosphate, and sodium metabisulfite with correspond ... | 2006 | 16937657 |
| effect of corn hybrids expressing the coleopteran-specific cry3bb1 protein for corn rootworm control on aboveground insect predators. | field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn, zea mays l. (yieldgard rootworm), expressing the cry3bb1 protein on aboveground nontarget insect predators (minute pirate bug, ladybird beetles, and carabids). visual counts of adult and immature orius insidiosus (say), coleomegilla maculata (degeer), hippodamia convergens gurin-meneville, and scymnus spp. occurring in bt corn and its non-bt isoline were made at manhattan, ks, in 2 ... | 2006 | 16937659 |
| suppression of plutella xylostella and trichoplusia ni in cole crops with attracticide formulations. | the three key lepidopteran pests of cole, brassica oleracea l., crops in north america are diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.) (lepidoptera: plutellidae); cabbage looper; trichoplusia ni (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae); and imported cabbageworm, pieris rapae (l.) (lepidoptera: pieridae). two species-specific pheromone-based experimental attracticide formulations were evaluated against these pests: lastcall dbm for p. xylostella and lastcall cl for t. ni. no lastcall formulation was avai ... | 2006 | 16937690 |
| field measures of western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) mortality caused by cry34/35ab1 proteins expressed in maize event 59122 and implications for trait durability. | maize, zea mays l., has been transformed to express the cry34ab1 and cry35ab1 proteins from bacillus thuringiensis strain ps149b1. these two proteins act together as a binary insecticidal protein that is effective against corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) species. the design of the resistance management plan to preserve the long-term durability of this trait largely depends on the level of rootworm mortality induced by cry34/35ab1 corn rootworm-protected maize (frequently referred to as ... | 2006 | 16937696 |
| discovery of bacillus thuringiensis virulence genes using signature-tagged mutagenesis in an insect model of septicaemia. | transposon tn917 was used to identify bacillus thuringiensis genes required for virulence and survival in a manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) septicaemia model. uniquely tagged transposons, n = 72, were constructed and used to generate 1152 insertion mutants. sixteen pools of 72 mutants were screened in the infection model, and 12 virulence-attenuated mutants were unable to survive the infection. analysis of the mutated dna sequences implicated an arsr family transcriptional regulator, a histone- ... | 2006 | 16941243 |
| hemolytic and nonhemolytic enterotoxin genes are broadly distributed among bacillus thuringiensis isolated from wild mammals. | the presence of cytotoxin k (cytk), nonhemolytic (nhe), and hemolytic (hbl) enterotoxin genes was investigated in 74 bacillus thuringiensis strains recovered from the intestines of wild mammals from northeast poland, using polymerase chain reaction amplification and southern hybridization. all the isolates harbored genes coding for toxin(s) that could cause diarrhea. the b. thuringiensis strains containing the nhe genes were found more frequently (nhea 100%, nheb 77%, nhec 96%) than those with t ... | 2006 | 16944343 |
| degradation of plasmid and plant dna in water microcosms monitored by natural transformation and real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr). | extracellular dna exists in the environment and can be taken up by competent bacterial cells, leading to horizontal gene transfer. the persistence of extracellular plasmid and plant dna in water microcosms was monitored in this study. water samples were two groundwater (gw1 and gw2) and one river water (rw) samples. three treatments included: (1) intact, (2) 0.22 microm filter-sterilized, and (3) autoclaved water. dna from a plasmid (pns1) and a transgenic bt (bacillus thuringiensis) corn line, ... | 2006 | 16945402 |
| cyt1ca from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis: production in escherichia coli and comparison of its biological activities with those of other cyt-like proteins. | the larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis against dipteran larvae is determined by four major polypeptides of the parasporal crystalline body produced during sporulation. cyt1aa shows the lowest toxicity when used alone but is the most synergistic with any of the other proteins. the sequence of the plasmid pbtoxis, which contains all the toxin genes in this subspecies, revealed a new cyt-like coding sequence named cyt1ca. in addition to the cyt-like region, the predict ... | 2006 | 16946260 |
| evidence of dna rearrangements in the 128-kilobase pbtoxis plasmid of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. | bupm97 is a novel tunisian isolate of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis presenting insecticidal activity against culex pipiens larvae. the delta-endotoxins pattern of this strain was different from that of the reference strain b. thuringiensis israelensis h14. therefore, the study of its cry genes content was carried out by restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism (rflp) using specific cry genes probes and by dna sequencing. it was clearly demonstrated that in the strain bupm97 the cry4a and cr ... | 2006 | 16946449 |
| proteomic profiling and identification of immunodominant spore antigens of bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis. | differentially expressed and immunogenic spore proteins of the bacillus cereus group of bacteria, which includes bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis, were identified. comparative proteomic profiling of their spore proteins distinguished the three species from each other as well as the virulent from the avirulent strains. a total of 458 proteins encoded by 232 open reading frames were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectro ... | 2006 | 16957262 |
| ubiquity of parasporin-1 producers in bacillus thuringiensis natural populations of japan. | parasporin, a bacillus thuringiensis parasporal protein, is unique in having a strong cytocidal activity preferential for human cancer cells. in this study, we characterized parasporin activities associated with three novel geographical isolates of b. thuringiensis. parasporal inclusion proteins of the three isolates were highly toxic to human uterus cervix cancer cells (hela), but not to non-cancer uterine smooth muscle cells (utsmc). inclusions of the isolates lacked insect toxicity and hemoly ... | 2007 | 16957922 |
| cytolytic toxin cyt1aa of bacillus thuringiensis synergizes the mosquitocidal toxin mtx1 of bacillus sphaericus. | using the shuttle vector pbu4, the mosquitocidal toxin gene mtx1 from bacillus sphaericus strain ssii-1 was introduced into an acrystalliferous strain of b. thuringiensis both individually and in combination with the accessory protein gene p20 and the cytolytic protein gene cyt1aa from b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. bioassay results indicated that the recombinants b-pmt4(mtx1) and b-pmt9(mtx1), both individually containing mtx1, had moderate toxicities to binary toxin susceptible and binar ... | 2006 | 16960378 |
| specific epitopes of domains ii and iii of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab toxin involved in the sequential interaction with cadherin and aminopeptidase-n receptors in manduca sexta. | the bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins are specific to different insects. in manduca sexta cadherin (bt-r1) and aminopeptidase-n (apn) proteins are recognized as cry1a receptors. previous work showed that cry1ab binds to bt-r1 promoting the formation of a pre-pore oligomer that binds to apn leading to membrane insertion. in this work we characterized the binding epitopes involved in the sequential interaction of cry1ab with bt-r1 and apn. a cry1ab immune m13 phage repertoire was constructed using ... | 2006 | 16968705 |
| a recombinant truncated cry1ca protein is toxic to lepidopteran insects and forms large cuboidal crystals in insect cells. | a truncated version of the cry1ca gene from bacillus thuringiensis was introduced into the genome of autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) under the control of two promoters. a recombinant virus (vsyncry1c) was isolated and used to infect insect cells in culture and insect larvae. structural and ultrastructural analysis of insects infected with vsyncry1c showed the formation of large cuboidal crystals inside the cytoplasm of insect cells in culture and in insect cadavers ... | 2006 | 16972133 |
| spatial distribution of aglais urticae (l.) and its host plant urtica dioica (l.) in an agricultural landscape: implications for bt maize risk assessment and post-market monitoring. | over the past decades, genes of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (berliner) (bt) coding for protein toxins have been engineered into maize for protection against the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis (hbn.)). however, these transgenic plants may have an impact on non-target organisms. in particular, a potential hazard was identified for non-target lepidopteran larvae, if they consume bt maize pollen on their host plants. risk can be defined as a function of the effect of an event (haza ... | 2006 | 16978572 |
| detection and phylogenic analysis of one anthrax virulence plasmid pxo1 conservative open reading frame ubiquitous presented within bacillus cereus group strains. | the presence of one of the anthrax virulence plasmid pxo1 conserved fragments was analyzed in 24 bacillus cereus and b. thuringiensis strains, including 6 b. thuringiensis subspecies, by polymerase chain reactions. twelve out of 24 strains showed pcr-positive for an orf101 homologous sequence. two pxo1-orf101-like fragments from a b. cereus b-4ac and a commercial b. thuringiensis kurstaki hd1 were cloned, sequenced and expressed in escherichia coli. toxicity assays revealed that the product enco ... | 2006 | 16978581 |
| elisa method for monitoring human serum ige specific for cry1ab introduced into genetically modified corn. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is the most convenient method of monitoring the occurrence of ige antibodies specific for novel proteins in genetically modified (gm) foods. the levels of ige specific for a recombinant protein, cry1ab, were determined using an elisa method. a soluble form of the cry1ab protein purified from pcold1 vector-transformed escherichia coli ptf16/bl21 was used as the elisa coating antigen, and 1m nacl was used as the washing buffer to remove ige non-specificall ... | 2007 | 16982119 |
| assays for toxicity studies in c. elegans with bt crystal proteins. | caenorhabditis elegans is well suited for toxicological studies owing to its established biology, short generation time, large brood size, and readily scorable life traits. quantitative parameters of c. elegans that can be assayed include growth, size, progeny production, behavior, and mortality. qualitative parameters of toxicity, such as changes in appearance or movement, can also be determined. this chapter describes four assays we have used for analyzing the toxic effects of bacillus thuring ... | 2006 | 16988432 |
| plasmid exchanges among members of the bacillus cereus group in foodstuffs. | the bacillus cereus sensu lato group is genetically very close and possesses a remarkable plasmid gene pool that encodes a variety of functions such as virulence and self-transfer capabilities. the potential for horizontal transfer among the various subspecies of this group, which includes the human opportunistic pathogens b. cereus sensu stricto and b. anthracis as well as the biopesticide b. thuringiensis, has led to growing concerns regarding food safety and public health. in this study, the ... | 2007 | 16996631 |
| recovery of bacillus thuringiensis in vegetative form from the phylloplane of clover (trifolium hybridum) during a growing season. | two media were developed which specifically allow the cultivation of bacillus thuringiensis while it is in the vegetative as opposed to the spore form. using these media b. thuringiensis was shown conclusively for the first time to exist in an active form on the phylloplane. the profile of its appearance in vegetative and spore form was followed over a growing season on clover (trifolium hybridum) in the field. three simultaneous and sudden rises and declines of both spore and vegetative cell de ... | 2007 | 17005192 |
| a purified bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein with therapeutic activity against the hookworm parasite ancylostoma ceylanicum. | crystal (cry) proteins produced by the soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are harmless to vertebrates, but they are highly toxic to insects and nematodes. their value in controlling insects that destroy crops and transmit human diseases is well established. although it has recently been demonstrated that a few individual bt cry proteins, such as cry5b, are toxic to a wide range of free-living nematodes, the potential activity of purified cry proteins against parasitic nematodes remains l ... | 2006 | 17005719 |
| midgut bacteria required for bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal activity. | bacillus thuringiensis is the most widely applied biological insecticide and is used to manage insects that affect forestry and agriculture and transmit human and animal pathogens. this ubiquitous spore-forming bacterium kills insect larvae largely through the action of insecticidal crystal proteins and is commonly deployed as a direct bacterial spray. moreover, plants engineered with the cry genes encoding the b. thuringiensis crystal proteins are the most widely cultivated transgenic crops. fo ... | 2006 | 17005725 |
| comparative analysis of two-component signal transduction systems of bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus anthracis. | members of the bacillus cereus group are ubiquitously present in the environment and can adapt to a wide range of environmental fluctuations. in bacteria, these adaptive responses are generally mediated by two-component signal transduction systems (tcss), which consist of a histidine kinase (hk) and its cognate response regulator (rr). with the use of in silico techniques, a complete set of hks and rrs was recovered from eight completely sequenced b. cereus group genomes. by applying a bidirecti ... | 2006 | 17005984 |
| significant passive protective effect against anthrax by antibody to bacillus anthracis inactivated spores that lack two virulence plasmids. | the protective-antigen (pa)-based cell-free vaccine is the only vaccine licensed for use against bacillus anthracis infection in humans. although the pa shows strong immunogenicity, the capsule or spore-associated somatic antigens may be important as additional vaccine targets for full protection against anthrax. in this study, the protective effect of spore-associated antigens against b. anthracis infection was determined. rabbits were immunized with formalin-fixed spores of a non-toxigenic une ... | 2006 | 17005989 |
| real-time detection of kinetic germination and heterogeneity of single bacillus spores by laser tweezers raman spectroscopy. | germination is the process by which a dormant spore returns to its vegetative state when exposed to suitable conditions. we report on the real-time detection of kinetic germination and heterogeneity of single bacillus thuringiensis spores in an aqueous solution by monitoring the calcium dipicolinate (cadpa) biomarker with laser tweezers raman spectroscopy (ltrs). a single b. thuringiensis spore was optically trapped in a focused laser beam, and its raman spectra were recorded sequentially in tim ... | 2006 | 17007517 |
| can transgenic maize affect soil microbial communities? | the aim of the experiment was to determine if temporal variations of belowground activity reflect the influence of the cry1ab protein from transgenic maize on soil bacteria and, hence, on a regulatory change of the microbial community (ability to metabolize sources belonging to different chemical guilds) and/or a change in numerical abundance of their cells. litter placement is known for its strong influence on the soil decomposer communities. the effects of the addition of crop residues on resp ... | 2006 | 17009863 |
| subacute effects of transgenic crylab bacillus thuringiensis corn litter on the isopods trachelipus rathkii and armadillidium nasatum. | laboratory studies were conducted to investigate the subacute effects of transgenic cry1ab corn leaf material containing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) protein on the terrestrial isopods trachelipus rathkii and armadillidium nasatum. survival and growth were measured for eight weeks in isopods fed leaf material of two bt11 corn varieties, two monsanto 810 (mon810) corn varieties, and the isolines of each. total lipid and protein content of the organisms was measured to examine effects on energetic ... | 2006 | 17022406 |
| molecular and phenotypic characterisation of bacillus thuringiensis isolated during epizootics in cydia pomonella l. | twelve bacillus thuringiensis strains were isolated from intestinal tracts of cydia pomonella larvae during epizootics in different laboratory insect culture lines. phenotypic and genetic similarity of these isolates, together with two cultured from leucoma salicis larvae and 14 reference b. thuringiensis strains were determined. the epizootic bacteria did not form a single group based on numerical analysis of biochemical properties. simple rapd method with only one primer does not allow estimat ... | 2007 | 17027023 |
| compositional assessment of event das-59122-7 maize using substantial equivalence. | event das-59122-7 (herculex rw) maize (zea mays l.) plants were transformed to express the cry34ab1 and cry35ab1 binary insecticidal crystal proteins originally isolated from bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) strain ps149b1. these proteins protect maize roots from attack by corn rootworms, diabrotica spp. das-59122-7 maize also contains the pat gene, originally isolated from streptomyces viridochromogenes, which confers tolerance to glufosinate-ammonium herbicides (e.g. liberty). we assessed ... | 2007 | 17027131 |
| bacteriocin-like inhibitor substances produced by mexican strains of bacillus thuringiensis. | bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides synthesized and secreted by bacteria and could potentially be used as natural food preservatives. here, we report the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitor substances (bt-blis) by five mexican strains of bacillus thuringiensis. bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni (lbit 269), b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (lbit 287), b. thuringiensis subsp kenyae (lbit 404), b. thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus (lbit 420) and b. thuringiensis subsp. tolworthi (lbit ... | 2007 | 17031616 |
| molecular identification of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis to trace its fate after application as a biological insecticide in wetland ecosystems. | to determine the fate of viable bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) spores dispersed in the environment, using a universally applicable molecular detection methodology. | 2006 | 17032222 |
| phage displayed bacillus thuringiensis cry1ba4 toxin is toxic to plutella xylostella. | we constructed recombinant phage particles displaying the bacillus thuringiensis cry1ba4 active toxin using the pfuse5 and pcomb3x phagemid vectors. the recombinant phage particles were screened and evaluated for displayed biologically active cry1ba4 toxin against the target insect larvae. concurrent expression of cry1ba4 protoxin was carried out using the petblue -2 plasmid expression vector in escherichia coli tuner (de3)placi and the protoxin was successfully expressed at a size of 129 kda. i ... | 2006 | 17036210 |
| tasa-tasb, a new putative toxin-antitoxin (ta) system from bacillus thuringiensis pgi1 plasmid is a widely distributed composite maze-doc ta system. | post-segregational killing systems are present in a large variety of microorganisms. when found on plasmids, they are described as addiction systems that act to maintain the plasmid during the partitioning of the cell. the plasmid to be maintained through the generations harbours a group of two genes, one coding for a stable toxin and the other coding for an unstable antitoxin that inhibits the effects of the toxin. if, during cell division, the plasmid is lost, the toxin and antitoxin proteins ... | 2006 | 17038198 |
| complete sequence analysis of novel plasmids from emetic and periodontal bacillus cereus isolates reveals a common evolutionary history among the b. cereus-group plasmids, including bacillus anthracis pxo1. | the plasmids of the members of the bacillus cereus sensu lato group of organisms are essential in defining the phenotypic traits associated with pathogenesis and ecology. for example, bacillus anthracis contains two plasmids, pxo1 and pxo2, encoding toxin production and encapsulation, respectively, that define this species pathogenic potential, whereas the presence of a bt toxin-encoding plasmid defines bacillus thuringiensis isolates. in this study the plasmids from b. cereus isolates that prod ... | 2007 | 17041058 |
| field evaluation of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 against aedes mosquitoes. | studies were carried out on the residual efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 (water dispersible granule, vectobac abg 6511) as direct application in the control of aedes larvae in the field. field aedes sp populations in the earthen and glass jars were predetermined before initiation of the trial. on confirmation of the presence of aedes species in the designated area, sungai nibong kecil, penang island, malaysia, bti was introduced in the 55l earthen and 3l glass jars). two test designs wer ... | 2006 | 17041550 |
| variation in susceptibility of helicoverpa armigera (hübner) and helicoverpa punctigera (wallengren) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in australia to two bacillus thuringiensis toxins. | intra-specific variation in susceptibility of helicoverpa armigera (hübner) and helicoverpa punctigera (wallengren) in australia to the cry1ac and cry2ab delta-endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) (bt) was determined to establish a baseline for monitoring changes that might occur with the use of bt cotton. strains of h. armigera and h. punctigera were established from populations collected primarily from commercial farms throughout the australian cotton belts. strains were evaluated ... | 2007 | 17049552 |
| a 90-day safety study of genetically modified rice expressing cry1ab protein (bacillus thuringiensis toxin) in wistar rats. | an animal model for safety assessment of genetically modified foods was tested as part of the safotest project. in a 90-day feeding study on wistar rats, the transgenic kmd1 rice expressing cry1ab protein was compared to its non-transgenic parental wild type, xiushui 11. the kmd1 rice contained 15mg bt toxin/kg and based on the average feed consumption the daily intake was 0.54mg bt toxin/kg body weight. no adverse effects on animal behaviour or weight gain were observed during the study. blood ... | 2007 | 17050059 |
| suppression of exposure to malaria vectors by an order of magnitude using microbial larvicides in rural kenya. | to determine the contribution larviciding could make to reduce the burden of malaria, by conducting a trial of microbial larvicides in a 4.5 km2 area in and around a large village in rural western kenya. | 2006 | 17054742 |
| molecular characterization of a dna fragment harboring the replicon of pbmb165 from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis. | bacillus thuringiensis belongs to the bacillus cereus sensu lato group of gram-positive and spore-forming bacteria. most isolates of b. thuringiensis can bear many endogenous plasmids, and the number and size of these plasmids can vary widely among strains or subspecies. as far as we know, the replicon of the plasmid pbmb165 is the first instance of a plasmid replicon being isolated from subsp. tenebrionis and characterized. | 2006 | 17059605 |
| dna screening reveals pink bollworm resistance to bt cotton remains rare after a decade of exposure. | transgenic crops producing toxins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) kill insect pests and can reduce reliance on insecticide sprays. although bt cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and bt corn (zea mays l.) covered 26 million ha worldwide in 2005, their success could be cut short by evolution of pest resistance. monitoring the early phases of pest resistance to bt crops is crucial, but it has been extremely difficult because bioassays usually cannot detect heterozygotes harboring one all ... | 2006 | 17066779 |
| integrating biological and chemical controls in decision making: european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) control in sweet corn as an example. | as growers switch to transgenic crops and selective insecticides that are less toxic to natural enemies, natural enemies can become more important in agricultural pest management. current decision-making guides are generally based on pest abundance and do not address pest and natural enemy toxicity differences among insecticides or the impact of natural enemies on pest survival. a refined approach to making pest management decisions is to include the impact of natural enemies and insecticides, t ... | 2006 | 17066781 |
| long-lasting effects of a bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis experimental tablet formulation for aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) control. | dengue is a growing public health problem in many tropical and subtropical countries worldwide. at present, the only method of controlling or preventing the disease is to eliminate its vector, aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae). in the current study, an experimental larvicide tablet formulation xl-47 based on bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (bti) and containing 4.8% of technical powder was developed. this formulation was evaluated against ae. aegypti in three different sets of ex ... | 2006 | 17066787 |
| dispersal of newly eclosed european corn borer adults (lepidoptera: crambidae) from corn into small-grain aggregation plots. | genetically modified, insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn, zea mays l., hybrids are used throughout the corn belt for european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), control. to slow development of bt corn resistance, the environmental protection agency requires growers to plant a refuge. determining the appropriate distance between a refuge and bt corn, and development of mitigation-remediation strategies such as mass releases of susceptible moths, requires ... | 2006 | 17066794 |
| monitoring the cry1ab susceptibility of european corn borer in germany. | the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), is one of the most important insect pests in corn, zea mays l. transgenic corn cultivars expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin provide a promising crop protection strategy against european corn borer; however, management is needed to avoid resistance development of the target pest species. the aim of this work was to establish the baseline susceptibility of different european corn borer populations in germany to be able to forecast a p ... | 2006 | 17066811 |
| genetic variation for resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxins in helicoverpa zea (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in eastern north carolina. | to evaluate resistance to bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) toxins, adult female bollworms, helicoverpa zea (boddie) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), were collected from four light trap locations in two eastern north carolina counties from august to october during 2001 and 2002. females were allowed to oviposit, and upon hatching, 24 neonates from each female (f1 lines) were screened for survival and growth rate on each of three diets: non-bt diet, diet containing 5.0 microg/ml cry1ac toxin, or diet ... | 2006 | 17066814 |
| selecting for efficacy of bollgard cotton cultivars against various lepidoptera using forward breeding techniques. | studies during the past 5 yr have shown that the overall level of protein (cry1ac) produced from the cry1ac transgene (monsanto co., st. louis, mo) differ among commercial bollgard cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., cultivars. these differences between cultivars are under genetic control and have been correlated with efficacy of certain lepidopteran pests. previous studies have shown that the parental background (i.e., non-cry1ac conventional cultivar) has a significant influence on the amount of cr ... | 2006 | 17066820 |
| inhibition of bacillus anthracis and potential surrogate bacilli growth from spore inocula by nisin and other antimicrobial peptides. | the ability of nisin, synthetic temporin analogs, magainins, defensins, and cecropins to inhibit bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, and bacillus subtilis growth from spore inocula was determined using well diffusion assays. nisin, magainin ii amide, and defensins were inhibitory in screening against b. anthracis sterne or b. cereus atcc 7004, but only nisin inhibited virulent b. anthracis strains. the mics of nisin against the 10 bacillus strains exam ... | 2006 | 17066940 |