Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| moraxella catarrhalis - pathogen or commensal? | moraxella catarrhalis is an exclusively human commensal and mucosal pathogen. its role as a disease-causing organism has long been questioned. today, it is recognized as one of the major causes of acute otitis media in children, and its relative frequency of isolation from both the nasopharynx and the middle ear cavity has increased since the introduction of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, which is associated with a shift in the composition of the nasopharyngeal flora in infants ... | 2011 | 21120723 |
| airway mucus function and dysfunction. | 2010 | 21121836 | |
| antibiotic therapy for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is already the world's fourth most common cause of mortality and likely to become the third in a few year's time. because it is an inflammatory airway disease with altered host immune response, infectious complications are frequent. acute exacerbations of copd (aecopd) significantly worsen the patient's general health, accelerating disability. each exacerbation leads progressively to further deterioration of lung function. among the various causes of ... | 2010 | 21123150 |
| pulmonary thin-section ct findings in acute moraxella catarrhalis pulmonary infection. | objective: moraxella catarrhalis is an important pathogen in the exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. the aim of this study was to assess the clinical and pulmonary thin-section ct findings in patients with acute m. catarrhalis pulmonary infection. methods: thin-section ct scans obtained between january 2004 and march 2009 from 292 patients with acute m. catarrhalis pulmonary infection were retrospectively evaluated. clinical and pulmonary ct findings in the patients were asses ... | 2010 | 21123308 |
| characterization and evaluation of the moraxella catarrhalis oligopeptide permease a as a mucosal vaccine antigen. | moraxella catarrhalis is a common cause of otitis media in children and of lower respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; therefore, these two groups would benefit from a vaccine to prevent m. catarrhalis infections. a genome mining approach for vaccine antigens identified oligopeptide permease protein a (oppa), an oligopeptide binding protein of an apparent oligopeptide transport system. analysis of the oppa gene by pcr and sequence analysis revealed th ... | 2010 | 21134967 |
| influenza-associated mortality among children - united states: 2007-2008. | since october 2004, pediatric influenza-associated deaths have been a nationally notifiable condition. to further investigate the bacterial organisms that may have contributed to death, we systematically collected information about bacterial cultures collected at non-sterile sites and about the timing of staphylococcus aureus specimen collection relative to hospital admission. | 2010 | 21138537 |
| influenza-associated mortality among children - united states: 2007-2008. | since october 2004, pediatric influenza-associated deaths have been a nationally notifiable condition. to further investigate the bacterial organisms that may have contributed to death, we systematically collected information about bacterial cultures collected at non-sterile sites and about the timing of staphylococcus aureus specimen collection relative to hospital admission. | 2010 | 21138537 |
| partitioning core and satellite taxa from within cystic fibrosis lung bacterial communities. | cystic fibrosis (cf) patients suffer from chronic bacterial lung infections that lead to death in the majority of cases. the need to maintain lung function in these patients means that characterising these infections is vital. increasingly, culture-independent analyses are expanding the number of bacterial species associated with cf respiratory samples; however, the potential significance of these species is not known. here, we applied ecological statistical tools to such culture-independent dat ... | 2010 | 21151003 |
| partitioning core and satellite taxa from within cystic fibrosis lung bacterial communities. | cystic fibrosis (cf) patients suffer from chronic bacterial lung infections that lead to death in the majority of cases. the need to maintain lung function in these patients means that characterising these infections is vital. increasingly, culture-independent analyses are expanding the number of bacterial species associated with cf respiratory samples; however, the potential significance of these species is not known. here, we applied ecological statistical tools to such culture-independent dat ... | 2010 | 21151003 |
| distribution of genes encoding virulence factors ompb2, ompcd, ompe, β-lactamase and serotype in pathogenic and colonizing strains of moraxella catarrhalis. | a total of 115 moraxella catarrhalis isolates from patients with lower respiratory tract and otorhinolaryngeal infections, as well as healthy carriers, were collected to study the prevalence of outer membrane virulence and resistance encoding genes and lipooligosaccharide (los) serotypes. | 2010 | 21167392 |
| systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of tigecycline for treatment of infectious disease. | the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of tigecycline, a newly developed glycylcycline antibiotic, with those of empirical antibiotic regimens which have been reported to possess good efficacy for complicated skin and skin structure infections (csssis), complicated intra-abdominal infections (ciais), community-acquired pneumonia (cap), and other infections caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) or vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre). a meta-analysi ... | 2010 | 21173186 |
| systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of tigecycline for treatment of infectious disease. | the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of tigecycline, a newly developed glycylcycline antibiotic, with those of empirical antibiotic regimens which have been reported to possess good efficacy for complicated skin and skin structure infections (csssis), complicated intra-abdominal infections (ciais), community-acquired pneumonia (cap), and other infections caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) or vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre). a meta-analysi ... | 2010 | 21173186 |
| reinforcement of epithelial cell adhesion to basement membrane by a bacterial pathogen as a new infectious stratagem. | the intestinal epithelium undergoes a rapid turnover in addition to rapid exfoliation in response to bacterial infection, thus acting as an intrinsic defense against microbial intruders. it has long been questioned how mucosal pathogens can circumvent the intestinal defense systems. our recent discovery of a bacterial ploy used by shigella provided us with fresh insight. shigella delivers ospe via the type iii secretion system during multiplication within epithelial cells. this effector protein ... | 2010 | 21178415 |
| disordered microbial communities in the upper respiratory tract of cigarette smokers. | cigarette smokers have an increased risk of infectious diseases involving the respiratory tract. some effects of smoking on specific respiratory tract bacteria have been described, but the consequences for global airway microbial community composition have not been determined. here, we used culture-independent high-density sequencing to analyze the microbiota from the right and left nasopharynx and oropharynx of 29 smoking and 33 nonsmoking healthy asymptomatic adults to assess microbial composi ... | 2010 | 21188149 |
| bacterial conjunctivitis. | what is the best treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis? | 2010 | 21188158 |
| novel bacterial nad+-dependent dna ligase inhibitors with broad-spectrum activity and antibacterial efficacy in vivo. | dna ligases are indispensable enzymes playing a critical role in dna replication, recombination, and repair in all living organisms. bacterial nad+-dependent dna ligase (liga) was evaluated for its potential as a broad-spectrum antibacterial target. a novel class of substituted adenosine analogs was discovered by target-based high-throughput screening (hts), and these compounds were optimized to render them more effective and selective inhibitors of liga. the adenosine analogs inhibited the liga ... | 2010 | 21189350 |
| nasal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility of staphylococcus aureus in healthy preschool children in ujjain, india. | there is increasing evidence that community acquired s. aureus infections are spreading among healthy children. nasal colonization with s. aureus plays pivotal role in the increasing prevalence of resistant community acquired s. aureus infections worldwide. a regular surveillance system is important in ensuring quality of patient care. the aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of and the factors associated with nasal carriage of s. aureus and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern among heal ... | 2010 | 21190550 |
| mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antibiotics in infections of copd patients. | a key characteristic of airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is the persistent presence of bacteria in the lower airways. the most commonly isolated bacteria in the lower respiratory tract of copd patients are nontypeable haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae, with growing evidence of the significance of pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in severe copd disease. this review focuses on the antibiotic resistant mechanisms associate ... | 2011 | 21194403 |
| cigarette smoke modulates pge(2) and host defence against moraxella catarrhalis infection in human airway epithelial cells. | airway bacterial infections pose a significant challenge to the management of copd, a disease mainly caused by cigarette smoking. however, the mechanisms of impaired airway mucosal innate immunity against bacteria in copd remain unclear. we examined the effect of cigarette smoke on prostaglandin e(2) (pge(2)) and downstream epithelial host defence mechanisms including the antimicrobial substance human β-defensin-2 (hbd-2). | 2011 | 21199162 |
| non-typeable haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae as primary causes of acute otitis media in colombian children: a prospective study. | acute otitis media (aom) is one of the most frequently encountered bacterial infections in children aged < 5 years; streptococcus pneumoniae (s. pneumoniae) and non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) are historically identified as primary aom causes. nevertheless, recent data on bacterial pathogens causing aom in latin america are limited. this prospective study aimed to identify and characterize bacterial etiology and serotypes of aom cases including antimicrobial susceptibility in < 5 year ... | 2011 | 21208431 |
| the blind nasotracheal aspiration method is not a useful tool for pathogen detection of pneumonia in children. | acute lower respiratory infection (alri) is a major cause of hospitalization for children in china, while the etiological diagnosis of alri remains a challenge. this study was performed to evaluate the utility of the blind nasotracheal aspiration (nta) in the pathogen detection in alri through an evaluation of the test's specificity. | 2010 | 21209964 |
| tissue factor pathway inhibitor and bacterial infection. | see also van den boogaard fe, brands x, schultz mj, levi m, roelofs jjth, van 't veer c, van der poll t. recombinant human tissue factor pathway inhibitor exerts anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects in murine pneumococcal pneumonia. this issue, pp 122-32. | 2011 | 21210950 |
| novel method for non-invasive induction of a middle-ear biofilm in the rat. | otitis media and other middle ear diseases are extremely common among all children worldwide. chronic otitis media is strongly associated with the presence of a bacterial middle ear biofilm, which if left untreated, may result in hearing loss or delays in the development of speech and language. many animal models and methods used to study the progression of various middle ear diseases exist. however, there are no reported approaches to biofilm induction in which this infectious process can be in ... | 2011 | 21211589 |
| the ph-regulated antigen 1 of candida albicans binds the human complement inhibitor c4b-binding protein and mediates fungal complement evasion. | candida albicans binds and utilizes human complement inhibitors, such as c4b-binding protein (c4bp), factor h, and fhl-1 for immune evasion. here, we identify candida ph-regulated antigen 1 (pra1) as the first fungal c4bp-binding protein. recombinant pra1 binds c4bp, as shown by elisa and isothermal titration calorimetry, and the pra1-c4bp interaction is ionic in nature. the pra1 binding domains within c4bp were localized to the complement control protein domain 4 (ccp4), ccp7, and ccp8. c4bp bo ... | 2011 | 21212281 |
| are there any differences in clinical and laboratory findings on admission between h1n1 positive and negative patients with flu-like symptoms? | the world health organization alert for the h1n1 influenza pandemic led to the implementation of certain measures regarding admission of patients with flu-like symptoms. all these instructions were adopted by the greek national health system. the aim of this study was to retrospectively examine the characteristics of all subjects admitted to the unit of infectious diseases with symptoms indicating h1n1 infection, and to identify any differences between h1n1 positive or negative patients. patient ... | 2011 | 21214902 |
| vaccine candidate p6 of nontypable haemophilus influenzae is not a transmembrane protein based on protein structural analysis. | p6 has been a vaccine candidate for nontypable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) based on its location on the outer membrane and immunogenicity. because p6 is attached to the inner peptidoglycan layer of nthi, and is putatively surface exposed, it must be a transmembrane protein. we examined the p6 structure using computational modeling, site-directed mutagenesis, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. we found that p6 cannot be a transmembrane protein, and therefore may not be surface exposed ... | 2011 | 21215345 |
| synthesis and structure-activity relationship of 2-thiopyrimidine-4-one analogs as antimicrobial and anticancer agents. | considering that some thiopyrimidines were previously reported as potential therapeutics, the present study achieved novel analogs of bioactive 2-substituted thiopyrimidines-4-(3h)-ones via base catalyzed alkylation reaction of 2-thiouracil using alkyl and aralkyl bromides. the title compounds were 2-(1-butylthio)pyrimidine-4(3h)-one (5a), 2-(2-butylthio)pyrimidine-4(3h)-one (5b), 2-(cyclohexylmethylthio)pyrimidine-4(3h)-one (5c), 2-(benzylthio)pyrimidine-4(3h)-one (5d) and 2-(1-adamantylthio)py ... | 2010 | 21216051 |
| phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase activity is critical for initiating the oxidative burst and bacterial destruction during ceacam3-mediated phagocytosis. | carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 3 (ceacam3) is an immunoglobulin-related receptor expressed on human granulocytes. ceacam3 functions as a single chain phagocytotic receptor recognizing gram-negative bacteria such as neisseria gonorrhoeae, which possess ceacam-binding adhesins on their surface. the cytoplasmic domain of ceacam3 contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (itam)-like sequence that is phosphorylated upon receptor engagement. here we show that ... | 2011 | 21216968 |
| immunoglobulin responses at the mucosal interface. | mucosal surfaces are colonized by large communities of commensal bacteria and represent the primary site of entry for pathogenic agents. to prevent microbial intrusion, mucosal b cells release large amounts of immunoglobulin (ig) molecules through multiple follicular and extrafollicular pathways. iga is the most abundant antibody isotype in mucosal secretions and owes its success in frontline immunity to its ability to undergo transcytosis across epithelial cells. in addition to translocating ig ... | 2011 | 21219173 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of modithromycin, a novel 6,11-bridged bicyclolide, against respiratory pathogens, including macrolide-resistant gram-positive cocci. | the in vitro activities of modithromycin against gram-positive and -negative respiratory pathogens, including macrolide-resistant cocci with different resistance mechanisms, were compared with those of other macrolide and ketolide agents. mics were determined by the broth microdilution method. all 595 test strains used in this study were isolated from japanese medical facilities. the erm (ribosome methylase) and/or mef (efflux pump) gene, which correlated with resistance to erythromycin as well ... | 2011 | 21220534 |
| divergent mechanisms for passive pneumococcal resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in the presence of haemophilus influenzae. | otitis media, for which antibiotic treatment failure is increasingly common, is a leading pediatric public health problem. | 2011 | 21220774 |
| radiological findings in acute haemophilus influenzae pulmonary infection. | background: the aim of this study was to assess pulmonary thin-section ct findings in patients with acute haemophilus influenzae pulmonary infection. methods: thin-section ct scans obtained between january 2004 and march 2009 from 434 patients with acute h. influenzae pulmonary infection were retrospectively evaluated. patients with concurrent infection diseases, including streptococcus pneumoniae (n  =  76), staphylococcus aureus (n  =  58) or multiple pathogens were ... | 2011 | 21224303 |
| challenges of antibacterial discovery. | the discovery of novel small-molecule antibacterial drugs has been stalled for many years. the purpose of this review is to underscore and illustrate those scientific problems unique to the discovery and optimization of novel antibacterial agents that have adversely affected the output of the effort. the major challenges fall into two areas: (i) proper target selection, particularly the necessity of pursuing molecular targets that are not prone to rapid resistance development, and (ii) improveme ... | 2011 | 21233508 |
| up-regulation of muc18 in airway epithelial cells by il-13: implications in bacterial adherence. | airway bacterial infections are a major problem in lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), and cystic fibrosis. increased th2 cytokines, such as il-13, are observed in lung diseases and may contribute to bacterial infections. how th2 cytokines affect bacterial infection remains unknown. muc18, an adhesion molecule shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of malignant melanoma, has been recently identified in airway epithelial cells of patients with copd. we ... | 2011 | 21239604 |
| time-kill activity of the streptogramin nxl 103 against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. | against 33 gram-positive and -negative bacteria, nxl 103 mics were 0.03 to 1 μg/ml. nxl 103 was bactericidal by 12 h at 2 × mic against all 5 pneumococci and at 2 × mic after 24 h against all 5 group a and b β-hemolytic streptococci. nxl 103 was bactericidal against all 8 haemophilus influenzae strains at 2 × mic and all 5 moraxella catarrhalis strains at 4 × mic after 24 h but was mainly bacteriostatic against 5 methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains. after the exposure of one stra ... | 2011 | 21245439 |
| the rtxa toxin gene of kingella kingae: a pertinent target for molecular diagnosis of osteoarticular infections. | kingella kingae is an emerging osteoarticular pathogen in young children. its isolation by traditional culture methods remains difficult, underscoring the need to implement other diagnostic methods for its detection and identification, such as nucleic acid amplification tests. although the genome of this bacterium has not yet been sequenced, a toxin named rtx has been identified. the goal of this study was to develop sensitive, specific, and rapid molecular methods based on the rtxa toxin gene s ... | 2011 | 21248099 |
| inhaled innate immune ligands to prevent pneumonia. | epithelial surfaces throughout the body continuously sample and respond to environmental stimuli. the accessibility of lung epithelium to inhaled therapies makes it possible to stimulate local antimicrobial defences with aerosolized innate immune ligands. this strategy has been shown to be effective in preclinical models, as delivery of innate immune ligands to the lungs of laboratory animals results in protection from subsequent challenge with microbial pathogens. survival of the animal host in ... | 2011 | 21250981 |
| nontypeable streptococcus pneumoniae as an otopathogen. | among 34 streptococcus pneumoniae (spn) sequential isolates from middle ear fluid, we found a case of a nontypeable s. pneumoniae (nt-spn) in a child with acute otitis media (aom). the strain was pneumolysin pcr positive and capsule gene pcr negative. virulence of the nt-spn was confirmed in a chinchilla model of aom. | 2011 | 21251566 |
| in vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial keratitis isolates in oxford, uk: a 10-year review. | to analyse the spectrum of bacterial keratitis isolates and their in vitro antibiotic susceptibilities over a 10-year period in oxford, uk; and to compare the in vitro efficacy of ciprofloxacin with that of the combination of gentamicin and cefuroxime over the same period. | 2011 | 21252952 |
| management with colistin. | 2010 | 21253354 | |
| comparative analyses of the moraxella catarrhalis type-iv pilus structural subunit pila. | moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative aerobic diplococcus that is a mucosal pathogen of the upper and lower respiratory tracts in humans. in order to colonize the human host and establish an infection, m. catarrhalis must be able to effectively attach to the respiratory mucosal epithelia. although little is known about m. catarrhalis pathogenesis, our laboratory has previously shown that expression of type iv pili (tfp) contributes to mucosal colonization. tfp are filamentous surface appendag ... | 2011 | 21256201 |
| comparative analysis and supragenome modeling of twelve moraxella catarrhalis clinical isolates. | m. catarrhalis is a gram-negative, gamma-proteobacterium and an opportunistic human pathogen associated with otitis media (om) and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). with direct and indirect costs for treating these conditions annually exceeding $33 billion in the united states alone, and nearly ubiquitous resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics among m. catarrhalis clinical isolates, a greater understanding of this pathogen's genome and its variability among isolates i ... | 2011 | 21269504 |
| immune evasion of moraxella catarrhalis involves ubiquitous surface protein a-dependent c3d binding. | the complement system plays an important role in eliminating invading pathogens. activation of complement results in c3b deposition (opsonization), phagocytosis, anaphylatoxin (c3a, c5a) release, and consequently cell lysis. moraxella catarrhalis is a human respiratory pathogen commonly found in children with otitis media and in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. the species has evolved multiple complement evasion strategies, which among others involves the ubiquitous surface pro ... | 2011 | 21270401 |
| the second rna chaperone, hfq2, is also required for survival under stress and full virulence of burkholderia cenocepacia j2315. | burkholderia cenocepacia j2315 is a highly virulent and epidemic clinical isolate of the b. cepacia complex (bcc), a group of bacteria that have emerged as important pathogens to cystic fibrosis patients. this bacterium, together with all bcc strains and a few other prokaryotes, is unusual for encoding in its genome two distinct and functional hfq-like proteins. in this work, we show results indicating that the 188-amino-acid hfq2 protein is required for the full virulence and stress resistance ... | 2011 | 21278292 |
| pharmacokinetics of solithromycin (cem-101) after single or multiple oral doses and effects of food on single-dose bioavailability in healthy adult subjects. | the pharmacokinetics of orally administered solithromycin (cem-101), a novel fluoroketolide, were evaluated in healthy subjects in three phase 1 studies. in two randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled studies, escalating single oral doses of solithromycin (50 to 1,600 mg) or seven oral daily doses (200 to 600 mg) of solithromycin were administered. a third study evaluated the effects of food on the bioavailability of single oral doses (400 mg) of solithromycin. following single doses, the ... | 2011 | 21282444 |
| use of ompu porins for attachment and invasion of crassostrea gigas immune cells by the oyster pathogen vibrio splendidus. | ompu porins are increasingly recognized as key determinants of pathogenic host vibrio interactions. although mechanisms remain incompletely understood, various species, including the human pathogen vibrio cholera, require ompu for host colonization and virulence. we have shown previously that ompu is essential for virulence in the oyster pathogen vibrio splendidus lgp32. here, we showed that v. splendidus lgp32 invades the oyster immune cells, the hemocytes, through subversion of host-cell actin ... | 2011 | 21282662 |
| a computational and experimental study of the regulatory mechanisms of the complement system. | the complement system is key to innate immunity and its activation is necessary for the clearance of bacteria and apoptotic cells. however, insufficient or excessive complement activation will lead to immune-related diseases. it is so far unknown how the complement activity is up- or down- regulated and what the associated pathophysiological mechanisms are. to quantitatively understand the modulatory mechanisms of the complement system, we built a computational model involving the enhancement an ... | 2011 | 21283780 |
| microbial communities of the upper respiratory tract and otitis media in children. | streptococcus pneumoniae asymptomatically colonizes the upper respiratory tract of children and is a frequent cause of otitis media. patterns of microbial colonization likely influence s. pneumoniae colonization and otitis media susceptibility. this study compared microbial communities in children with and without otitis media. nasal swabs and clinical and demographic data were collected in a cross-sectional study of philadelphia, pa, children (6 to 78 months) (n=108) during the 2008-2009 winter ... | 2011 | 21285435 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of ceftobiprole against clinical isolates from french teaching hospitals: proposition of zone diameter breakpoints. | the aims of this study were to determine the in vitro activity profile of ceftobiprole, a pyrrolidinone cephalosporin, against a large number of bacterial pathogens and to propose zone diameter breakpoints for clinical categorisation according to the european committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (eucast) minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) breakpoints. mics of ceftobiprole were determined by broth microdilution against 1548 clinical isolates collected in eight french hospitals. d ... | 2011 | 21295447 |
| structural variations within the transferrin binding site on transferrin-binding protein b, tbpb. | pathogenic bacteria acquire the essential element iron through specialized uptake pathways that are necessary in the iron-limiting environments of the host. members of the gram-negative neisseriaceae and pasteurellaceae families have adapted to acquire iron from the host iron binding glycoprotein, transferrin (tf), through a receptor complex comprised of transferring-binding protein (tbp) a and b. because of the critical role they play in the host, these surface-exposed proteins are invariably p ... | 2011 | 21297163 |
| neisseria meningitidis has two independent modes of recognizing its human receptor ceacam1. | several human-restricted gram-negative bacteria exploit carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (ceacams) for host colonization. for example, neisseria meningitidis engages these human receptors via outer membrane proteins of the colony opacity-associated (opa) protein family triggering internalization into non-phagocytic cells. | 2011 | 21298042 |
| a multicentre surveillance study on the characteristics, bacterial aetiologies and in vitro antibiotic susceptibilities in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | antimicrobial resistance is a global problem and the prevalence is high in many asian countries. | 2011 | 21299688 |
| a novel immunity system for bacterial nucleic acid degrading toxins and its recruitment in various eukaryotic and dna viral systems. | the use of nucleases as toxins for defense, offense or addiction of selfish elements is widely encountered across all life forms. using sensitive sequence profile analysis methods, we characterize a novel superfamily (the sukh superfamily) that unites a diverse group of proteins including smi1/knr4, pgs2, fbxo3, skip16, syd, herpesviral us22, irs1 and trs1, and their bacterial homologs. using contextual analysis we present evidence that the bacterial members of this superfamily are potential imm ... | 2011 | 21306995 |
| adenoid reservoir for pathogenic biofilm bacteria. | biofilms of pathogenic bacteria are present on the middle ear mucosa of children with chronic otitis media (com) and may contribute to the persistence of pathogens and the recalcitrance of com to antibiotic treatment. controlled studies indicate that adenoidectomy is effective in the treatment of com, suggesting that the adenoids may act as a reservoir for com pathogens. to investigate the bacterial community in the adenoid, samples were obtained from 35 children undergoing adenoidectomy for chr ... | 2011 | 21307211 |
| parental administration of antipyretics to children with upper respiratory tract infections without consultation with a physician. | to evaluate the administration of antipyretics to children with upper respiratory tract infections (urti) by their parents or guardians without consultation with physicians, and compare epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients who received antipyretics and of untreated patients. | 2011 | 21328720 |
| symptoms of the oral cavity and their association with local microbiological and clinical findings--a prospective survey in palliative care. | symptoms of the oral cavity clearly encompass more than radiation or chemotherapy-induced mucositis. still, the burden of oral symptoms in palliative care has hardly been addressed directly, and considerations towards underlying disease processes have often been extrapolated from oncology patients. | 2011 | 21336528 |
| symptoms of the oral cavity and their association with local microbiological and clinical findings--a prospective survey in palliative care. | symptoms of the oral cavity clearly encompass more than radiation or chemotherapy-induced mucositis. still, the burden of oral symptoms in palliative care has hardly been addressed directly, and considerations towards underlying disease processes have often been extrapolated from oncology patients. | 2011 | 21336528 |
| investigation of the human pathogen acinetobacter baumannii under iron limiting conditions. | iron acquisition systems are important virulence factors in pathogenic bacteria. to identify these systems in acinetobacter baumannii, the transcriptomic response of the completely sequenced strain atcc 17978 under iron limiting conditions was investigated using a genomic microarray that contained probes for all annotated open reading frames. | 2011 | 21342532 |
| multistep resistance development studies of ceftaroline in gram-positive and -negative bacteria. | ceftaroline, the active component of the prodrug ceftaroline fosamil, is a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin with bactericidal activity against gram-positive and -negative isolates. this study evaluated the potential for ceftaroline and comparator antibiotics to select for clones of streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, klebsiella pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, and enterococcus faecalis with elevated mics. s. pneumoniae and s. pyoge ... | 2011 | 21343467 |
| antibiogram pattern of moraxella catarrhalis isolates in acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | 2011 | 21346354 | |
| fastidious gram-negatives: identification by the vitek 2 neisseria-haemophilus card and by partial 16s rrna gene sequencing analysis. | taxonomy and identification of fastidious gram negatives are evolving and challenging. we compared identifications achieved with the vitek 2 neisseria-haemophilus (nh) card and partial 16s rrna gene sequence (526 bp stretch) analysis with identifications obtained with extensive phenotypic characterization using 100 fastidious gram negative bacteria. seventy-five strains represented 21 of the 26 taxa included in the vitek 2 nh database and 25 strains represented related species not included in th ... | 2010 | 21347215 |
| effects of bacterial infection on airway antimicrobial peptides and proteins in copd. | pathogenic bacteria colonize the airways of 30% to 40% of patients with copd and cause approximately 50% of exacerbations. new strains of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) and moraxella catarrhalis are associated with exacerbations. antimicrobial protein/peptides (amps) play important roles in innate lung defense against pathogens. to our knowledge, the changes in amp baseline levels in respiratory secretions during bacterial colonization and exacerbation have not been described. the obj ... | 2011 | 21349930 |
| microbial manipulation of receptor crosstalk in innate immunity. | in the arms race of host-microbe co-evolution, successful microbial pathogens have evolved ingenious ways to evade host immune responses. in this review, we focus on 'crosstalk manipulation' - the microbial strategies that instigate, subvert or disrupt the molecular signalling crosstalk between receptors of the innate immune system. this proactive interference undermines host defences and contributes to microbial adaptive fitness and persistent infections. understanding how pathogens exploit hos ... | 2011 | 21350579 |
| infections and immunodeficiency in down syndrome. | down syndrome (ds) is the most common genetic disease and presents with cognitive impairment, cardiac and gastrointestinal abnormalities, in addition to other miscellaneous clinical conditions. ds individuals may have a high frequency of infections, usually of the upper respiratory tract, characterized by increased severity and prolonged course of disease, which are partially attributed to defects of the immune system. the abnormalities of the immune system associated with ds include: mild to mo ... | 2011 | 21352207 |
| inhibitory activity of a standardized elderberry liquid extract against clinically-relevant human respiratory bacterial pathogens and influenza a and b viruses. | black elderberries (sambucus nigra l.) are well known as supportive agents against common cold and influenza. it is further known that bacterial super-infection during an influenza virus (iv) infection can lead to severe pneumonia. we have analyzed a standardized elderberry extract (rubini, berrypharma ag) for its antimicrobial and antiviral activity using the microtitre broth micro-dilution assay against three gram-positive bacteria and one gram-negative bacteria responsible for infections of t ... | 2011 | 21352539 |
| modified real-time pcr for detecting, differentiating, and quantifying ureaplasma urealyticum and ureaplasma parvum. | we evaluated a previously described quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) for quantifying and differentiating ureaplasma parvum and u. urealyticum. because of nonspecific reactions with staphylococcus aureus dna in the u. parvum pcr, we developed a modified qpcr and designed new primers. these oligonucleotides eradicated cross-reactions, indicating higher specificity. the detection limits of the qpcr were determined at 1 and 3 colony-forming units/ml for u. parvum and u. urealyticum, respectively. t ... | 2011 | 21354056 |
| detection of nasba amplified bacterial tmrna molecules on slicsel designed microarray probes. | we present a comprehensive technological solution for bacterial diagnostics using tmrna as a marker molecule. a robust probe design algorithm for microbial detection microarray is implemented. the probes were evaluated for specificity and, combined with nasba (nucleic acid sequence based amplification) amplification, for sensitivity. | 2011 | 21356118 |
| microbiology of sinusitis. | most sinus infections are viral, and only a small proportion develops a secondary bacterial infection. rhinoviruses, influenza viruses, and parainfluenza viruses are the most common causes of sinusitis. the most common bacteria isolated from pediatric and adult patients with community-acquired acute purulent sinusitis are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pyogenes. staphylococcus aureus and anaerobic bacteria (prevotella and porphyromonas, ... | 2011 | 21364226 |
| clinical and microbiological evaluation of hemodialysis-associated pneumonia (hdap): should hdap be included in healthcare-associated pneumonia? | although hemodialysis-associated pneumonia (hdap) was included among the healthcare-associated pneumonias (hcap) in the 2005 american thoracic society (ats)/infectious diseases society of america (idsa) guideline, little information relevant to clinical epidemiology, especially microbiological characteristics, is available. this study aimed to reveal microbiological characteristics and clinical outcomes of hdap and to assess whether hdap should be included in the hcap category. we retrospectivel ... | 2011 | 21369775 |
| exploring the oral microbiota of children at various developmental stages of their dentition in the relation to their oral health. | an understanding of the relation of commensal microbiota to health is essential in preventing disease. here we studied the oral microbial composition of children (n = 74, aged 3 - 18 years) in natural transition from their deciduous to a permanent dentition and related the microbial profiles to their oral health status. the microbial composition of saliva was assessed by barcoded pyrosequencing of the v5-v6 hypervariable regions of the 16 s rrna, as well as by using phylogenetic microarrays. | 2011 | 21371338 |
| rna-oligonucleotide quantification technique (roqt) for the enumeration of uncultivated bacterial species in subgingival biofilms. | approximately 35% of the species present in subgingival biofilms are as yet uncultivated, so their role in periodontal pathogenesis is unknown. the aim of the present study was to develop a high throughput method to quantify a wide range of cultivated and uncultivated taxa in subgingival biofilm samples associated with periodontal disease or health. oligonucleotides targeting the 16s ribosomal dna gene were designed, synthesized and labeled with digoxigenin. these probes were hybridized with the ... | 2011 | 21375703 |
| sublingual therapeutic immunization with a polyvalent bacterial preparation in patients with recurrent respiratory infections: immunomodulatory effect on antigen-specific memory cd4+ t cells and impact on clinical outcome. | recurrent respiratory tract infections (rrtis) are common clinical conditions in individuals with alterations of the immune function. a prospective open pilot study in a cohort of patients with rrtis has been performed to assess whether sublingual immunization with a polyvalent bacterial vaccine could exert an immunomodulatory effect on the antigen-specific immunological responses and have an impact on the clinical outcome. seventeen patients with rrtis were recruited. an oral polyvalent bacteri ... | 2011 | 21391984 |
| ligation of cd46 to cd40 inhibits cd40 signaling in b cells. | cd40 induces b cells to switch to ige in the presence of il-4 and up-regulates their expression of the low-affinity receptor for ige, cd23, which promotes the immune response to allergen complexed with ige antibody. cd40 binds to cd40l and to the c4b-binding protein (c4bp) using distinct sites. cd46 is a receptor for the product of activated complement c4b. some microbial antigens bind both c4bp and cd46, potentially bridging cd40 to cd46. in addition, immune complexes containing both c4b and c4 ... | 2011 | 21393637 |
| healthcare-associated pneumonia among hospitalized patients in a korean tertiary hospital. | healthcare-associated pneumonia (hcap) has more similarities to nosocomial pneumonia than to community-acquired pneumonia (cap). however, there have only been a few epidemiological studies of hcap in south korea. we aimed to determine the differences between hcap and cap in terms of clinical features, pathogens, and outcomes, and to clarify approaches for initial antibiotic management. | 2011 | 21396096 |
| in vitro activity of ceftaroline against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens isolated from patients in canadian hospitals in 2009. | the in vitro activities of ceftaroline and comparative agents were determined for a collection of the most frequently isolated bacterial pathogens from hospital-associated patients across canada in 2009 as part of the ongoing canward surveillance study. in total, 4,546 isolates from 15 sentinel canadian hospital laboratories were tested using the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) broth microdilution method. compared with other cephalosporins, including ceftobiprole, cefepime, an ... | 2011 | 21402844 |
| severe pneumococcal pneumonia: impact of new quinolones on prognosis. | most guidelines have been proposing, for more than 15 years, a ß-lactam combined with either a quinolone or a macrolide as empirical, first-line therapy of severe community acquired pneumonia (cap) requiring icu admission. our goal was to evaluate the outcome of patients with severe cap, focusing on the impact of new rather than old fluoroquinolones combined with ß-lactam in the empirical antimicrobial treatments. | 2011 | 21406091 |
| common cold. | each year, children suffer up to 5 colds and adults have two to three infections, leading to time off school or work, and considerable discomfort. most symptoms resolve within 1 week, but coughs often persist for longer. | 2011 | 21406124 |
| nationwide surveillance of bacterial respiratory pathogens conducted by the japanese society of chemotherapy in 2008: general view of the pathogens' antibacterial susceptibility. | for the purpose of nationwide surveillance of the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial respiratory pathogens collected from patients in japan, the japanese society of chemotherapy conducted a third year of nationwide surveillance during the period from january to april 2008. a total of 1,097 strains were collected from clinical specimens obtained from well-diagnosed adult patients with respiratory tract infections. susceptibility testing was evaluable with 987 strains (189 staphylococcus au ... | 2011 | 21409533 |
| ceftaroline: a comprehensive update. | ceftaroline is a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic currently under us food and drug administration (fda) review for a new drug application (nda), filed by cerexa, inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of forest laboratories), for the treatment of complicated skin and skin-structure infections (csssis) and community-associated pneumonia (cap). the antibiotic acts by binding to penicillin-binding proteins in bacteria, consistent with other ß-lactams. the antimicrobial spectrum of ceftaroline ... | 2011 | 21420284 |
| [in vitro activity of sitafloxacin against clinical isolates in 2009]. | in vitro activity of sitafloxacin (stfx) and various oral antimicrobial agents against bacterial isolates recovered from clinical specimens between january and december 2009, at different healthcare facilities in japan was evaluated. a total of 1,620 isolates including aerobic and anaerobic organisms was available for the susceptibility testing using the microbroth dilution methods recommended by clinical laboratory standard institute. the minimum inhibitory concentration of stfx at which 90% of ... | 2010 | 21425595 |
| the moraxella catarrhalis nitric oxide reductase is essential for nitric oxide detoxification. | moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative obligate aerobe that is an important cause of human respiratory tract infections. the m. catarrhalis genome encodes a predicted truncated denitrification pathway that reduces nitrate to nitrous oxide. we have previously shown that expression of both the m. catarrhalis ania (encoding a nitrite reductase) and norb (encoding a putative nitric oxide reductase) genes is repressed by the transcriptional regulator nsrr under aerobic conditions and that m. catarr ... | 2011 | 21441505 |
| preventing and treating secondary bacterial infections with antiviral agents. | bacterial super-infections contribute to the significant morbidity and mortality associated with influenza and other respiratory virus infections. there are robust animal model data, but only limited clinical information on the effectiveness of licensed antiviral agents for the treatment of bacterial complications of influenza. the association of secondary bacterial pathogens with fatal pneumonia during the recent h1n1 influenza pandemic highlights the need for new development in this area. basi ... | 2011 | 21447860 |
| clinical effectiveness and safety of gemifloxacin versus cefpodoxime in acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: a randomized, controlled trial. | acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (aecb) is a commonly encountered problem and those suspected to be due to bacterial infections require antibiotic therapy. this randomized, controlled trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of gemifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, versus cefpodoxime, an oral third-generation cephalosporin, for the treatment of mild to moderately severe cases of aecb. | 2011 | 21455420 |
| vesiculobullous eruption of the right arm after intravenous clarithromycin. | clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic. in clinical trials, adverse drug reactions of clarithromycin are usually mild and transient. only 1% of the adverse reactions are severe. herein, we present a case with vesiculobullous skin reaction and vein thrombosis caused by administration of intravenous clarithromycin. | 2011 | 21455431 |
| airway microbiology and host defences in paediatric non-cf bronchiectasis. | bronchiectasis in children without cystic fibrosis is most common in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities. recurrent pneumonia in early childhood and defective pulmonary defences are important risk factors. these help establish a 'vicious cycle' of impaired mucociliary clearance, infection, airway inflammation and progressive lung injury. haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis and pseudomonas aeruginosa are the main infecting pathogens. h. influenzae predo ... | 2011 | 21458739 |
| interpreting assays for the detection of streptococcus pneumoniae. | streptococcus pneumoniae is both an aggressive pathogen and a normal part of the human respiratory microbiome. clinicians and microbiologists have struggled to develop tests that can identify pneumococcal respiratory infection and accurately distinguish colonization from invasive disease. molecular methods hold the promise of an improved ability to rapidly detect microorganisms in respiratory secretions and to make an accurate diagnosis; however, interpretation of diagnostic testing for s. pneum ... | 2011 | 21460292 |
| consumption patterns and in vitro resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae to fluoroquinolones. | this article analyzes patterns of consumption of fluoroquinolones and documents the in vitro resistances of streptococcus pneumoniae isolates to fluoroquinolones in the ambulatory care setting in belgium over time. the volume of fluoroquinolone consumption has fallen consistently since 2003. fluoroquinolones were used primarily for their registered indications (i.e., urinary tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections). the mic distributions of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin in s. pne ... | 2011 | 21464243 |
| in vitro and in vivo profiles of ach-702, an isothiazoloquinolone, against bacterial pathogens. | ach-702, a novel isothiazoloquinolone (itq), was assessed for antibacterial activity against a panel of gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates and found to possess broad-spectrum activity, especially against antibiotic-resistant gram-positive strains, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). for gram-negative bacteria, ach-702 showed exceptional potency against haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and a neisseria sp. but was less active against members o ... | 2011 | 21464250 |
| clinical impact of combined viral and bacterial infection in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. | new methods for identifying respiratory pathogens have led to several reports of a high yield of mixed infections in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap). the clinical impact of these findings has, however, not been fully evaluated. we aimed to compare patients with a pure bacterial etiology with those with findings of both bacteria and virus regarding severity of illness and length of hospital stay. | 2011 | 21466255 |
| value of procalcitonin, c-reactive protein, and neopterin in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | the identification of biological markers in order to assess different aspects of copd is an area of growing interest. the objective of this study was to investigate whether levels of procalcitonin (pct), c-reactive protein (crp), and neopterin in copd patients could be useful in identifying the etiological origin of the exacerbation and assessing its prognosis. | 2011 | 21468168 |
| detection of microorganisms in exhaled breath condensate during acute exacerbations of copd. | summary at a glance: exhaled breath condensate (ebc) is a noninvasive method to assess airway biology. the aim of the present study was to evaluate ebc for the detection of microbial nucleic acids during acute exacerbations of copd (aecopd). bacterial nucleic acids can be identified in ebcs of copd patients with exacerbations, however, the results differed significantly from those of sputum. abstract: background and objective: one hallmark of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is colo ... | 2011 | 21470340 |
| neisseria meningitidis adhesin nada targets {beta}1 integrins: functional similarity to yersinia invasin. | meningococci are facultative-pathogenic bacteria endowed with a set of adhesins allowing colonization of the human upper respiratory tract, leading to fulminant meningitis and septicemia. the neisseria adhesin nada was identified in about 50% of n. meningitidis isolates and is closely related to the yersinia adhesin yada, the prototype of the oligomeric coiled-coil adhesin (oca) family. nada is known to be involved in cell adhesion, invasion, and induction of proinflammatory cytokines. because o ... | 2011 | 21471204 |
| sore throat. | about 10% of people present to primary healthcare services with sore throat each year. the causative organisms of sore throat may be bacteria (most commonly streptococcus) or viruses (typically rhinovirus), although it is difficult to distinguish bacterial from viral infections clinically. methods and outcomes: we conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: what are the effects of interventions to reduce symptoms of acute infective sore throat? what are th ... | 2011 | 21477389 |
| ceftaroline fosamil: a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin. | ceftaroline fosamil, the prodrug of the active metabolite, ceftaroline, is a new, broad-spectrum cephalosporin recently approved in the usa for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (absssis) and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (cabp). ceftaroline has potent in vitro activity against gram-positive organisms, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae, as well as common gram-negative organisms. the high affinity of cefta ... | 2011 | 21482565 |
| changing needs of community-acquired pneumonia. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is a serious condition associated with significant morbidity and potential long-term mortality. although the majority of patients with cap are treated as outpatients, the greatest proportion of pneumonia-related mortality and healthcare expenditure occurs among the patients who are hospitalized. there has been considerable interest in determining risk factors and severity criteria assessments to assist with site-of-care decisions. for both inpatients and outpat ... | 2011 | 21482567 |
| comparative ceftaroline activity tested against pathogens associated with community-acquired pneumonia: results from an international surveillance study. | to document the spectrum of activity of ceftaroline, the active form of the prodrug, ceftaroline fosamil, a new cephalosporin with anti-methicillin-resistant staphylococcal activity, against a surveillance collection of clinical isolates obtained from the usa and europe during 2008-09. | 2011 | 21482572 |
| microbiology of animal bite wound infections. | the microbiology of animal bite wound infections in humans is often polymicrobial, with a broad mixture of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. bacteria recovered from infected bite wounds are most often reflective of the oral flora of the biting animal, which can also be influenced by the microbiome of their ingested prey and other foods. bacteria may also originate from the victim's own skin or the physical environment at the time of injury. our review has focused on bite wound infections in ... | 2011 | 21482724 |
| a conserved interaction between transferrin and transferrin-binding proteins from porcine pathogens. | gram-negative porcine pathogens from the pasteurellaceae family possess a surface receptor complex capable of acquiring iron from porcine transferrin (ptf). this receptor consists of transferrin binding protein a (tbpa), a transmembrane iron transporter, and tbpb, a surface-exposed lipoprotein. questions remain as to how the receptor complex engages ptf in such a way that iron is positioned for release, and whether divergent strains present distinct recognition sites on tf. in this study, the tb ... | 2011 | 21487007 |
| comparison between nasopharyngeal swab and nasal wash, using culture and pcr, in the detection of potential respiratory pathogens. | nasopharyngeal carriage of potential pathogens is important as it is both the major source of transmission and the prerequisite of invasive disease. new methods for detecting carriage could improve comfort, accuracy and laboratory utility. the aims of this study were to compare the sensitivities of a nasopharyngeal swab (nps) and a nasal wash (nw) in detecting potential respiratory pathogens in healthy adults using microbiological culture and pcr. | 2011 | 21489228 |
| adhesion and host cell modulation: critical pathogenicity determinants of bartonella henselae. | abstract: bartonella henselae, the agent of cat scratch disease and the vasculoproliferative disorders bacillary angiomatosis and peliosis hepatis, contains to date two groups of described pathogenicity factors: adhesins and type iv secretion systems. bartonella adhesin a (bada), the trw system and possibly filamentous hemagglutinin act as promiscous or specific adhesins, whereas the virulence locus (vir)b/vird4 type iv secretion system modulates a variety of host cell functions. bada mediates b ... | 2011 | 21489243 |