Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| in vitro and in vivo efficacy and in vitro metabolism of 1-phenyl-3-aryl-2-propen-1-ones against plasmodium falciparum. | investigation of a series of 1-phenyl-3-aryl-2-propen-1-ones resulted in the identification of nine inhibitors with submicromolar efficacy against at least one plasmodium falciparum strain in vitro. these inhibitors were inactive when given orally in a plasmodium berghei infected mouse model. significant compound degradation occurred upon their exposure to a liver microsome preparation, suggesting metabolic instability may be responsible for the lack of activity in vivo. | 2006 | 16908136 |
| infection by and protective immune responses against plasmodium berghei anka are not affected in macrophage scavenger receptors a deficient mice. | scavenger receptors (srs) recognize endogenous molecules modified by pathological processes as well as components of diverse microorganisms. mice deficient for both sr-ai and ii are more susceptible to infections by a variety of bacterial and viral pathogens. | 2006 | 16914051 |
| protective roles of mast cells and mast cell-derived tnf in murine malaria. | tnf plays important roles in the protection and onset of malaria. although mast cells are known as a source of tnf, little is known about the relationship between mast cells and pathogenesis of malaria. in this study, mast cell-deficient wbb6f1-w/w(v) (w/w(v)) and the control littermate wbb6f1+/+ (+/+) mice were infected with 1 x 10(5) of plasmodium berghei anka. +/+ mice had lower parasitemia with higher tnf levels, as compared with w/w(v) mice. diminished resistance in w/w(v) mice was consider ... | 2006 | 16920970 |
| a genetic module regulates the melanization response of anopheles to plasmodium. | two modes of refractoriness to plasmodium, ookinete lysis and melanization, are known in the malaria vector, anopheles gambiae. melanization, a potent insect immune response, is manifested in a genetically selected refractory strain and in susceptible mosquitoes that are depleted of specific c-type lectins (ctls). here we use a systematic in vivo rna interference-mediated reverse genetic screen and other recent results to define a melanization-regulating genetic module or network. it encompasses ... | 2006 | 16922859 |
| antimalarial activity of n-alkyl amine, carboxamide, sulfonamide, and urea derivatives of a dispiro-1,2,4-trioxolane piperidine. | with an aim to identify a dispiro-1,2,4-trioxolane with high oral activity and good physicochemical properties, 27 derivatives of an achiral piperidine trioxolane were synthesized; most were potent antimalarial peroxides with ic(50)s ranging from 0.20 to 7.0 ng/ml. the oral efficacies of two of these were superior to artesunate and comparable to artemether. the attractive chemical simplicity of these compounds is balanced only by an apparent metabolic susceptibility. | 2006 | 16931006 |
| treatment of malaria in a mouse model by intranasal drug administration. | the goal of this work was to investigate intranasal dihydroartemisinin (dha) delivery as a non-invasive method for treatment of malaria. icr female mice were infected with plasmodium berghei anka, a model for severe malaria with similarities to the human disease. dha, at a dose of 2 x 5mg/kg/day, was administered to mice either intranasally or i.p. two dosage regimens were tested: prophylaxis and treatment. parasitemia was monitored every other day, from the time of infection, by thin smears pre ... | 2006 | 16942770 |
| microbiology. malaria's stealth shuttle. | 2006 | 16946056 | |
| kupffer cells are obligatory for plasmodium yoelii sporozoite infection of the liver. | previous studies suggested plasmodium sporozoites infect hepatocytes after passing through kupffer cells, but proof has been elusive. here we present new information strengthening that hypothesis. we used homozygous op/op mice known to have few kupffer cells because they lack macrophage colony stimulating factor 1 required for macrophage maturation due to a deactivating point mutation in the osteopetrosis gene. we found these mice to have 77% fewer kupffer cells and to exhibit reduced clearance ... | 2007 | 16953803 |
| utility of alkylaminoquinolinyl methanols as new antimalarial drugs. | mefloquine has been one of the more valuable antimalarial drugs but has never reached its full clinical potential due to concerns about its neurologic side effects, its greater expense than that of other antimalarials, and the emergence of resistance. the commercial development of mefloquine superseded that of another quinolinyl methanol, wr030090, which was used as an experimental antimalarial drug by the u.s. army in the 1970s. we evaluated a series of related 2-phenyl-substituted alkylaminoqu ... | 2006 | 16966402 |
| synthesis of three classes of rhodacyanine dyes and evaluation of their in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity. | selected members of three classes of rhodacyanine dyes, [0,0]-, [1,0]-, and [0,0,0]-rhodacyanines, were synthesized and their in vitro antimalarial activities against plasmodium falciparum k1 (chloroquine-resistant strain) as well as their in vivo activities against p. berghei in mice were determined. the novel [0,0,0]-rhodacynines, 3e and 3h, possessing a benzothiazole moiety, were shown to have highly promising antimalarial activities in vivo. moreover, the [0,0,0]-rhodacyanines were found to ... | 2006 | 16971131 |
| a case of 'hit-and-run' in plasmodium genetics. | the ability to genetically manipulate species of the genus plasmodium, some of which are causative organisms of malaria, has seen significant advances in the past 13 years. however, one major tool that has been lacking is the ability to undertake reverse genetics and 'hit-and-run' mutagenesis. this deficiency has been addressed in the plasmodium berghei model. | 2006 | 16971181 |
| preferential invasion of reticulocytes during late-stage plasmodium berghei infection accounts for reduced circulating reticulocyte levels. | insufficient circulating reticulocytes have been observed during severe malarial anaemia in both human and murine infection, and are often attributed to reduced production of red cell precursors. however, a number of plasmodium species display a preference for invading reticulocytes rather than erythrocytes. thus, the reduction in circulating reticulocyte numbers may arise as a result both of increased parasitization and lysis of reticulocytes, as well as decreased production. we have analysed b ... | 2006 | 16979643 |
| the in-vivo antimalarial activities of uvaria chamae and hippocratea africana. | the antimalarial activities of ethanolic root extracts of two plants used traditionally as malarial remedies in southern nigeria, uvaria chamae (annonaceae) and hippocratea africana (hippocrateaceae), were studied in vivo, in mice infected with plasmodium berghei berghei. the extract of u. chamae, when given orally at 300-900 mg/kg.day, exhibited significant antimalarial activity against both early and established infections. when established infections were treated, the mean survival time of th ... | 2006 | 16989684 |
| effects of homeopathic medications eupatorium perfoliatum and arsenicum album on parasitemia of plasmodium berghei-infected mice. | malaria is one of the most important parasitic diseases in the world and a major public health problem because of emerging drug-resistant strains of plasmodium. a number of synthetic and natural compounds are now being analysed to develop more effective antimalarial drugs. we investigated the effect of homeopathic preparations of eupatorium perfoliatum and arsenicum album on parasitemia using a rodent malaria model. we found significant inhibitory effect on parasite multiplication with both medi ... | 2006 | 17015193 |
| detection and identification of human plasmodium species with real-time quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification. | decisions concerning malaria treatment depend on species identification causing disease. microscopy is most frequently used, but at low parasitaemia (<20 parasites/mul) the technique becomes less sensitive and time consuming. rapid diagnostic tests based on plasmodium antigen detection do often not allow for species discrimination as microscopy does, but also become insensitive at <100 parasites/microl. | 2006 | 17018138 |
| involvement of actin and myosins in plasmodium berghei ookinete motility. | ookinetes of the genus plasmodium are motile, invasive cells that develop in the mosquito midgut following ingestion of a parasite-infected blood meal. we show here that ookinetes display gliding motility on glass slides in the presence of insect cells. moreover, in addition to stationary "flexing" and "twirling" of the cells, two distinct types of movements occur: productive forward translocational motility in straight segment that progresses with an average speed of approximately 6mum/min and ... | 2006 | 17028009 |
| pbgcbeta is essential for plasmodium ookinete motility to invade midgut cell and for successful completion of parasite life cycle in mosquitoes. | when malaria parasites enter to mosquitoes, they fertilize and differentiate to zygotes and ookinetes. the motile ookinetes cross the midgut cells and arrive to the basement membranes where they differentiate into oocysts. the midgut epithelium is thus a barrier for ookinetes to complete their life cycle in the mosquitoes. the ookinetes develop gliding motility to invade midgut cells successfully, but the molecular mechanisms behind are poorly understood. here, we identified a single molecule wi ... | 2006 | 17030505 |
| boosting nf-kappab-dependent basal immunity of anopheles gambiae aborts development of plasmodium berghei. | anopheles gambiae, the major vector for the protozoan malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum, mounts powerful antiparasitic responses that cause marked parasite loss during midgut invasion. here, we showed that these antiparasitic defenses were composed of pre- and postinvasion phases and that the preinvasion phase was predominantly regulated by rel1 and rel2 members of the nf-kappab transcription factors. concurrent silencing of rel1 and rel2 decreased the basal expression of the major antipara ... | 2006 | 17045818 |
| fighting malaria: mosquitoes know how. | the mosquito fights malaria to the incidental benefit of humans. in this issue, define states of "basal" and "induced" immunity and show that a single genetic manipulation can rid the mosquito of a noxious parasite. | 2006 | 17046681 |
| the use of transgenic plasmodium berghei expressing the plasmodium vivax antigen p25 to determine the transmission-blocking activity of sera from malaria vaccine trials. | p25 is a major surface protein of plasmodium ookinetes. antibodies against p25 prevent the formation of oocysts in the mosquito and thereby block transmission of the parasite through an endemic population. plasmodium vivax transmission-blocking vaccines based on pv25 have undergone human trials and inhibit transmission significantly. the current assay to determine transmission-blocking activity (tba) of these sera, the 'standard membrane feeding assay', is complex and can be performed by few gro ... | 2007 | 17049690 |
| sage analysis of mosquito salivary gland transcriptomes during plasmodium invasion. | invasion of the vector salivary glands by plasmodium is a critical step for malaria transmission. to describe salivary gland cellular responses to sporozoite invasion, we have undertaken the analysis of anopheles gambiae salivary gland transcriptome using serial analysis of gene expression (sage). statistical analysis of the more than 160000 sequenced tags generated from four libraries, two from glands infected by plasmodium berghei, two from glands of controls, revealed that at least 57 anophel ... | 2007 | 17054438 |
| disruption of jnk2 decreases the cytokine response to plasmodium falciparum glycosylphosphatidylinositol in vitro and confers protection in a cerebral malaria model. | host inflammatory responses to plasmodium falciparum gpi (pfgpi) anchors are believed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of severe malaria. however, relatively little is known about the signal transduction pathways involved in pfgpi-stimulated inflammatory response and its potential contribution to severe malaria syndromes. in this study, we investigated the role of mapk activation in pfgpi-induced cytokine secretion and examined the role of selected mapks in a model of cerebral ma ... | 2006 | 17056565 |
| vangueria infausta root bark: in vivo and in vitro antiplasmodial activity. | vangueria infausta burch subsp. infausta (rubiaceae) produces fruits eaten by humans and animals. the leaf, fruit, stem bark and root bark are used as a remedy for many ailments and the roots are used to treat malaria. in this study, concentrations of fractions of the v. infausta root bark extract that produce 50% inhibition (ic50) are determined using the ability of the extract to inhibit the uptake of [g3h]-hypoxanthine by p. falciparum cultured in vitro. the root bark extract showed antimalar ... | 2006 | 17058713 |
| increased melanizing activity in anopheles gambiae does not affect development of plasmodium falciparum. | serpins are central to the modulation of various innate immune responses in insects and are suspected to influence the outcome of malaria parasite infection in mosquito vectors. three anopheles gambiae serpins (srpn1, -2, and -3) were tested for their ability to inhibit the prophenoloxidase cascade, a key regulatory process in the melanization response. recombinant srpn1 and -2 can bind and inhibit a heterologous phenoloxidase-activating protease and inhibit phenoloxidase activation in vitro. us ... | 2006 | 17065316 |
| antimalarial 4-phenylcoumarins from the stem bark of hintonia latiflora. | the etoac extract of the stem bark of hintonia latiflora showed the suppression of total parasitemia and the chemosuppression of schizont numbers, when tested in vivo against plasmodium berghei infection in mice. bioassay-directed fractionation of the etoac extract, using the in vitro 16 h and the in vivo 4-day suppression tests on p. berghei schizont numbers, led to the isolation of the new compound 5-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-7,4'-dimethoxy-3'-hydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (1), along with the known 5 ... | 2006 | 17067158 |
| plasmodium berghei anka infection induces thymocyte apoptosis and thymocyte depletion in cba mice. | immune responses to malaria infections are characterized by strong t and b cell activation, which, in addition of potentially causing immunopathology, are of poor efficacy against the infection. it is possible that the thymus is involved in the origin of immunopathological reactions and a target during malaria infections. this work was developed in an attempt to further clarify these points. we studied the sequential changes in the thymus of cba mice infected with plasmodium berghei anka, a mode ... | 2006 | 17072456 |
| differences in binding of nuclear proteins from p. berghei strains differing by chloroquine resistance to oligonucleotides corresponding to mdr1 gene regulatory elements. | proteins specifically reacting with ap1, mef1, nf-il6, and sp1 transcription factor binding sites were detected for the first time in nuclear extract of p. berghei (rodent malaria parasite) using gel retardation assay. p. berghei strains with different chloroquine resistance exhibited appreciable differences in the pattern of nuclear protein binding to the majority of the studied sites, which attests to changes in the plasmodial regulatory system during chloroquine resistance selection. | 2006 | 17073147 |
| synthesis, antimalarial, antileishmanial, antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, and methemoglobin (methb) formation activities of new 8-quinolinamines. | we report the synthesis, in vitro antiprotozoal (against plasmodium and leishmania), antimicrobial, cytotoxicity (vero and methb-producing properties), and in vivo antimalarial activities of two series of 8-quinolinamines. n1-{4-[2-(tert-butyl)-6-methoxy-8-quinolylamino]pentyl}-(2s/2r)-2-aminosubstitutedamides (21-33) and n1-[4-(4-ethyl-6-methoxy-5-pentyloxy-8-quinolylamino)pentyl]-(2s/2r)-2-aminosubstitutedamides (51-63) were synthesized in six steps from 6-methoxy-8-nitroquinoline and 4-methox ... | 2007 | 17084633 |
| in vitro and in vivo interaction of synthetic peroxide rbx11160 (oz277) with piperaquine in plasmodium models. | rbx11160 (oz277) is a promising antimalarial drug candidate that ranbaxy laboratories limited and medicines for malaria venture (mmv) are currently developing as a fixed combination with piperaquine. here, we describe the in vitro (plasmodium falciparum) and in vivo (plasmodium berghei) activities of piperaquine in combination with rbx11160 and artemether. in vitro, both combinations demonstrated a slight tendency towards antagonism with mean sums of fractional inhibitory concentrations (mean si ... | 2007 | 17087929 |
| anopheles and plasmodium: from laboratory models to natural systems in the field. | parasites that cause malaria must complete a complex life cycle in anopheles vector mosquitoes in order to be transmitted from human to human. previous gene-silencing studies have shown the influence of mosquito immunity in controlling the development of plasmodium. thus, parasite survival to the oocyst stage increased when the parasite antagonist gene lrim1 (leucine-rich repeat immune protein 1) of the mosquito was silenced, but decreased when the c-type lectin agonist gene ctl4 or ctlma2 (ctl ... | 2006 | 17099691 |
| low nitric oxide bioavailability contributes to the genesis of experimental cerebral malaria. | the role of nitric oxide (no) in the genesis of cerebral malaria is controversial. most investigators propose that the unfortunate consequence of the high concentrations of no produced to kill the parasite is the development of cerebral malaria. here we have tested this high no bioavailability hypothesis in the setting of experimental cerebral malaria (ecm), but find instead that low no bioavailability contributes to the genesis of ecm. specifically, mice deficient in vascular no synthase showed ... | 2006 | 17099710 |
| how reliable are models for malaria vaccine development? lessons from irradiated sporozoite immunizations. | models occupy a key position in the development of anti-parasitic vaccines, yet their relevance has been seldom addressed. it is customary to admit that malaria vaccine development requires easy-to-handle, laboratory models. animal models involving predominantly inbred rodents and primates as parasite hosts are currently the basic tools for the study of host-parasite interactions. literature however indicates that the induction of host protection is more difficult in natural host-parasite pairs ... | 2006 | 17102561 |
| alternative invasion pathways for plasmodium berghei sporozoites. | invasion of hepatocytes by plasmodium sporozoites is a prerequisite for establishment of a natural malaria infection. the molecular mechanisms underlying sporozoite invasion are largely unknown. we have previously reported that infection by plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium yoelii sporozoites depends on cd81 and cholesterol-dependent tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (tems) on the hepatocyte surface. here we have analyzed the role of cd81 and tems during infection by sporozoites from the rode ... | 2007 | 17112526 |
| advancements in transfection technologies for plasmodium. | malaria is a global problem that affects millions of people annually. a relatively poor understanding of the malaria parasite biology has hindered vaccine and drug development against this disease. robust methods for genetic analyses in plasmodium have been lacking due to the difficulties in its genetic manipulation. introduction of transfection technologies laid the foundation for genetic dissection of plasmodium and recent years have seen the development of novel tools for genetic manipulation ... | 2007 | 17113093 |
| simultaneous host and parasite expression profiling identifies tissue-specific transcriptional programs associated with susceptibility or resistance to experimental cerebral malaria. | the development and outcome of cerebral malaria (cm) reflects a complex interplay between parasite-expressed virulence factors and host response to infection. the murine cm model, plasmodium berghei anka (pba), which simulates many of the features of human cm, provides an excellent system to study this host/parasite interface. we designed "combination" microarrays that concurrently detect genome-wide transcripts of both pba and mouse, and examined parasite and host transcriptional programs durin ... | 2006 | 17118208 |
| scanning electron microscopy of the neuropathology of murine cerebral malaria. | the mechanisms leading to death and functional impairments due to cerebral malaria (cm) are yet not fully understood. most of the knowledge about the pathomechanisms of cm originates from studies in animal models. though extensive histopathological studies of the murine brain during cm are existing, alterations have not been visualized by scanning electron microscopy (sem) so far. the present study investigates the neuropathological features of murine cm by applying sem. | 2006 | 17125519 |
| pathological role of toll-like receptor signaling in cerebral malaria. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) recognize malaria parasites or their metabolites; however, their physiological roles in malaria infection in vivo are not fully understood. here, we show that myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (myd88)-dependent tlr signaling mediates brain pathogenesis of severe malaria infection, namely cerebral malaria (cm). a significant number of myd88-, but not tir domain containing adaptor-inducing ifn-beta (trif)-deficient or wild-type (wt) mice survived cm caused ... | 2007 | 17135446 |
| antimalarial activity of methanolic extracts from plants used in kenyan ethnomedicine and their interactions with chloroquine (cq) against a cq-tolerant rodent parasite, in mice. | methanolic extracts from 15 medicinal plants representing 11 families, used traditionally for malaria treatment in kenya were screened for their in vivo antimalarial activity in mice against a chloroquine (cq)-tolerant plasmodium berghei nk65, either alone or in combination with cq. the plant parts used ranged from leaves (l), stem bark (sb), root bark (rb), seeds (s) and whole plant (w). when used alone, extracts from seven plants, clerodendrum myricoides (rb), ficus sur (l/sb/rb), maytenus acu ... | 2007 | 17145149 |
| comparasite: a database for comparative study of transcriptomes of parasites defined by full-length cdnas. | comparasite is a database for comparative studies of transcriptomes of parasites. in this database, each data is defined by the full-length cdnas from various apicomplexan parasites. it integrates seven individual databases, full-parasites, consisting of numerous full-length cdna clones that we have produced and sequenced: 12,484 cdna sequences from plasmodium falciparum, 11,262 from plasmodium yoelii, 9633 from plasmodium vivax, 1518 from plasmodium berghei, 7400 from toxoplasma gondii, 5921 fr ... | 2007 | 17151081 |
| nitric oxide metabolites induced in anopheles stephensi control malaria parasite infection. | malaria parasite infection in anopheline mosquitoes is limited by inflammatory levels of nitric oxide metabolites. to assess the mechanisms of parasite stasis or toxicity, we investigated the biochemistry of these metabolites within the blood-filled mosquito midgut. our data indicate that nitrates, but not nitrites, are elevated in the plasmodium-infected midgut. although levels of s-nitrosothiols do not change with infection, blood proteins are s-nitrosylated after ingestion by the mosquito. in ... | 2007 | 17157200 |
| retinol supplementation in murine plasmodium berghei malaria: effects on tissue levels, parasitaemia and lipid peroxidation. | reduced plasma retinol concentrations occur in human malaria but the benefits of supplementation remain uncertain. we assessed the in vivo efficacy of retinol administration, and its effect on lipid peroxidation, in a plasmodium berghei murine model. animals received vehicle (n=17) or retinol (i) before p. berghei inoculation (four doses), (ii) at parasitaemia 10-15% (three to four doses) or (iii) before and after inoculation (six to seven doses; n=15 in each group), with euthanasia on day 8 pos ... | 2007 | 17157853 |
| functional characterization of the plasmodium falciparum and p. berghei homologues of macrophage migration inhibitory factor. | macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) is a mammalian cytokine that participates in innate and adaptive immune responses. homologues of mammalian mif have been discovered in parasite species infecting mammalian hosts (nematodes and malaria parasites), which suggests that the parasites express mif to modulate the host immune response upon infection. here we report the first biochemical and genetic characterization of a plasmodium mif (pmif). like human mif, histidine-tagged purified recombi ... | 2007 | 17158894 |
| [culture of plasmodium berghei anka in balb/c mice and research on experimental cerebral malaria.]. | plasmodium berghei anka 6653 isolates that cause malaria in rodents were cultured in balb/c mice in this study. each of the balb/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0.3 ml from a stock solution containing 160.000 parasites/ml. percentage values of parasitemia at day 3, 6, 9 and 15 after injection were recorded and graphed. the neurological signs after day 3 were recorded in this study. at the end of day 15, cerebral tissues of dead mice were taken and the accumulation of hemorrhages was ... | 2005 | 17160811 |
| sulfated cyclodextrins inhibit the entry of plasmodium into red blood cells. implications for malarial therapy. | the effect of sulfated cyclodextrins on plasmodium falciparum cultures was determined. alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins having equal degrees of sulfation inhibited parasite viability to a similar degree, a result suggesting that the ring size of the cyclodextrin is not a critical factor for inhibitory activity. beta-cyclodextrins containing fewer than two sulfate groups had no inhibitory activity, however, compounds containing 7-17 sulfates were found to be active in the microm range. exam ... | 2007 | 17166484 |
| re-ingestion of plasmodium berghei sporozoites after delivery into the host by mosquitoes. | malaria-infected mosquitoes feeding on a mammalian host inject sporozoites into the skin to induce a malaria infection. the numbers of sporozoites ultimately able to reach the liver may be important determinants of the characteristics of the ensuing blood infection. because feeding mosquitoes not only inject sporozoites into the host but concomitantly ingest blood to obtain their bloodmeal, some sporozoites are re-ingested by the feeding mosquito. we studied transmission of fluorescent plasmodiu ... | 2006 | 17172393 |
| changes in the visceral functions of plasmodium berghei-infected and -uninfected rats following administration of artemether. | 1. the effects of artemether (12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 mg/kg per day, i.m.), administered to different groups of plasmodium berghei-infected and -uninfected adult wistar rats for 1 week, were investigated. 2. the parameters evaluated were the feeding, drinking and urinating patterns of the rats and these were compared with those of rats that received normal saline. 3. artemether caused a significant dose-dependent reduction in food consumption of both p. berghei-infected and -uninfected rats (p < 0.0 ... | 2006 | 17184498 |
| fz2 and cdc42 mediate melanization and actin polymerization but are dispensable for plasmodium killing in the mosquito midgut. | the midgut epithelium of the mosquito malaria vector anopheles is a hostile environment for plasmodium, with most parasites succumbing to host defenses. this study addresses morphological and ultrastructural features associated with plasmodium berghei ookinete invasion in anopheles gambiae midguts to define the sites and possible mechanisms of parasite killing. we show by transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence that the majority of ookinetes are killed in the extracellular space. ... | 2006 | 17196037 |
| enhanced activity of mefloquine and artesunic acid against plasmodium falciparum in vitro and p. berghei in mice by combination with ciprofloxacin. | the antimalarial activity of combinations of mefloquine or artesunic acid with ciprofloxacin and other synthetic fluoroquinolone was tested in vitro against plasmodium falciparum using a strain (bhz26/86) partially resistant to chloroquine and a resistant clone (w2); both are sensitive to mefloquine. inhibition of parasite growth was measured in relation to controls without drugs, either by counting parasitemia in giemsa-stained blood smears or by measuring the reduction in [(3)h]-hypoxanthine u ... | 2007 | 17214980 |
| in vivo antimalarial activity of aqueous extracts from kenyan medicinal plants and their chloroquine (cq) potentiation effects against a blood-induced cq-resistant rodent parasite in mice. | hot water extracts from eight medicinal plants representing five families, used for malaria treatment in kenya were screened for their in vivo antimalarial activity in mice against a chloroquine (cq) resistant plasmodium berghei nk65, either alone or in combination with cq. extracts of three plants, toddalia asiatica (root bark), rhamnus prinoides (leaves and root bark) and vernonia lasiopus (root bark) showed high chemosuppression in the range 51%-75%. maytenus acuminata, m. heterophylla, m. se ... | 2007 | 17221829 |
| using bacteria to express and display anti-plasmodium molecules in the mosquito midgut. | bacteria capable of colonizing mosquito midguts are attractive vehicles for delivering anti-malaria molecules. we genetically engineered escherichia coli to display two anti-plasmodium effector molecules, sm1 and phospholipase-a(2), on their outer membrane. both molecules significantly inhibited plasmodium berghei development when engineered bacteria were fed to mosquitoes 24h prior to an infective bloodmeal (sm1=41%, pla2=23%). furthermore, prevalence and numbers of engineered bacteria increase ... | 2007 | 17224154 |
| cross-reactivity studies of an anti-plasmodium vivax apical membrane antigen 1 monoclonal antibody: binding and structural characterisation. | apical membrane antigen 1 (ama1) has an important, but as yet uncharacterised, role in host cell invasion by the malaria parasite, plasmodium. the protein, which is quite conserved between plasmodium species, comprises an ectoplasmic region, a single transmembrane segment and a small cytoplasmic domain. the ectoplasmic region, which can induce protective immunity in animal models of human malaria, is a leading vaccine candidate that has entered clinical trials. the monoclonal antibody f8.12.19, ... | 2007 | 17229439 |
| evaluation of antiplasmodial activity of ethanolic seed extract of picralima nitida. | the in vivo antiplasmodial activity of the ethanol seed extract of picralima nitida grown particularly for the leaf and seed in niger delta region of nigeria was evaluated in plasmodium berghei berghei infected mice. picralima nitida (35-115 mg/kg day) exhibited significant (p<0.05) blood schizonticidal activity both in 4-day early infection test and in established infection with a considerable mean survival time though not comparable to that of the standard drug, chloroquine, 5 mg/kg day. the s ... | 2007 | 17234375 |
| antiplasmodial activity of setaria megaphylla. | the antimalarial activity of an ethanol leaf extract of setaria megaphylla was studied in vivo in mice infected with plasmodium berghei berghei during early and established infections. setaria megaphylla (100-300 mg/kg/day) exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) blood schizonticidal activity in 4-day early infection and in established infection with a significant (p < 0.05) mean survival time comparable to that of the standard drug, chloroquine, 5 mg/kg/day. the leaf extract possesses a promising an ... | 2007 | 17236168 |
| antimalaria activity of ethanolic extract of tetrapleura tetraptera fruit. | the in vivo antiplasmodial activity of the ethanol fruit extract of tetrapleura tetraptera used as spice and in the treatment of various ailment in niger delta region of nigeria was evaluated in plasmodium berghei infected mice. tetrapleura tetraptera (300-900 mg/kg day) exhibited significant (p < 0.05) blood schizonticidal activity both in 4-day early infection test and in established infection with a considerable mean survival time comparable to that of the standard drug, chloroquine, 5 mg/kg ... | 2007 | 17236733 |
| contribution of t cells and neutrophils in protection of young susceptible rats from fatal experimental malaria. | in human malaria, children suffer very high rates of morbidity and mortality. to analyze the mechanisms involved in age-dependent protection against malaria, we developed an experimental model of infection in rats, where young rats are susceptible to plasmodium berghei and adult rats control blood parasites and survive thereafter. in this study, we showed that protection of young rats could be achievable by adoptive transfer of spleen cells from adult protected rats, among which t cells could tr ... | 2007 | 17237421 |
| fluoroartemisinins: metabolically more stable antimalarial artemisinin derivatives. | this report is an overview on the design, preparation, and evaluation of metabolically stable artemisinins, using fluorine substitution. the chemical challenges encountered for the incorporation of fluorine-containing elements and the preparation of a large range of 10-trifluoromethyl artemisinin derivatives are detailed. impact of the fluorine substitution on the antimalarial activity is also highlighted. preclinical data of lead compounds, and evidence for their strong and prolonged antimalari ... | 2007 | 17252616 |
| plasmodium cysteine repeat modular proteins 1-4: complex proteins with roles throughout the malaria parasite life cycle. | the cysteine repeat modular proteins (pcrmp1-4) of plasmodium, are encoded by a small gene family that is conserved in malaria and other apicomplexan parasites. they are very large, predicted surface proteins with multipass transmembrane domains containing motifs that are conserved within families of cysteine-rich, predicted surface proteins in a range of unicellular eukaryotes, and a unique combination of protein-binding motifs, including a >100 kda cysteine-rich modular region, an epidermal gr ... | 2007 | 17253978 |
| impairment of functional capillary density but not oxygen delivery in the hamster window chamber during severe experimental malaria. | microcirculatory changes and tissue oxygenation were investigated during plasmodium berghei-induced severe malaria in the hamster window chamber model, which allows chronic, noninvasive investigation of the microvasculature in an awake animal. the main finding was that functional capillary density, a parameter reflecting tissue viability independent of tissue oxygenation, was reduced early during the course of disease and continued to decline to approximately 20% of baseline of uninfected contro ... | 2007 | 17255319 |
| synthesis and antimalarial activity of new isotebuquine analogues. | amodiaquine (aq) and tebuquine are 4-aminoquinoline antimalarials with mannich base side chain and are highly effective against chloroquine (cq)-resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum. clinical use of aq has been severely restricted due to hepatoxicity and agranulocytosis side effects associated with its long term use. lysosomal accumulation and bioactivation to generate reactive quinoneimine metabolite are implicated to be the cause of the observed aq toxicities. to avoid the quinoneimine f ... | 2007 | 17266295 |
| efficiency of salivary gland invasion by malaria sporozoites is controlled by rapid sporozoite destruction in the mosquito haemocoel. | for successful transmission to the vertebrate host, malaria sporozoites must migrate from the mosquito midgut to the salivary glands. here, using purified sporozoites inoculated into the mosquito haemocoel, we show that salivary gland invasion is inefficient and that sporozoites have a narrow window of opportunity for salivary gland invasion. only 19% of sporozoites invade the salivary glands, all invasion occurs within 8h at a rate of approximately 200 sporozoites per hour, and sporozoites that ... | 2007 | 17275826 |
| carboxypeptidases b of anopheles gambiae as targets for a plasmodium falciparum transmission-blocking vaccine. | anopheles gambiae is the major african vector of plasmodium falciparum, the most deadly species of human malaria parasite and the most prevalent in africa. several strategies are being developed to limit the global impact of malaria via reducing transmission rates, among which are transmission-blocking vaccines (tbvs), which induce in the vertebrate host the production of antibodies that inhibit parasite development in the mosquito midgut. so far, the most promising components of a tbv are paras ... | 2007 | 17283100 |
| aquaglyceroporin pbaqp during intraerythrocytic development of the malaria parasite plasmodium berghei. | the malaria parasite can use host plasma glycerol for lipid biosynthesis and membrane biogenesis during the asexual intraerythrocytic development. the molecular basis for glycerol uptake into the parasite is undefined. we hypothesize that the plasmodium aquaglyceroporin provides the pathway for glycerol uptake into the malaria parasite. to test this hypothesis, we identified the orthologue of plasmodium falciparum aquaglyceroporin (pfaqp) in the rodent malaria parasite, plasmodium berghei (pbaqp ... | 2007 | 17284593 |
| cardiotoxicity reduction induced by halofantrine entrapped in nanocapsule devices. | the main objective of the present study was to evaluate the reduction in halofantrine (hf) toxicity, an antimalarial drug frequently associated with qt interval prolongation in electrocardiogram, by its entrapment in poly-epsilon-caprolactone nanocapsules (nc). the acute lethal dose (ld(100)) of hf.hcl experimentally observed was 200 mg/kg whereas the calculated ld(50) was 154 mg/kg. in contrast, the ld(100) for hf-nc was 300 mg/kg with a longer mean time to death than hf.hcl. the calculated ld( ... | 2007 | 17303179 |
| promoter regions of plasmodium vivax are poorly or not recognized by plasmodium falciparum. | heterologous promoter analysis in plasmodium has revealed the existence of conserved cis regulatory elements as promoters from different species can drive expression of reporter genes in heterologous transfection assays. here, the functional characterization of different plasmodium vivax promoters in plasmodium falciparum using luciferase as the reporter gene is presented. | 2007 | 17313673 |
| synthesis and evaluation of sulfonylurea derivatives as novel antimalarials. | we have synthesized a series of sulfonylureas and have tested their antimalarial activities, including inhibition of in vitro development of a chloroquine-resistant strain of plasmodium falciparum, in vitro hemoglobin hydrolysis, hemozoin formation, and development of plasmodium berghei in murine malaria. the most active antimalarial compound was (e)-1-[4'-(3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)acryloyl)phenyl]-3-tosylurea (22) with an ic(50) of 1.2microm against cultured p. falciparum parasites. biological res ... | 2007 | 17321641 |
| antimalarial properties of goniothalamin in combination with chloroquine against plasmodium yoelii and plasmodium berghei growth in mice. | malaria is a disease which is still endemic and has become a disastrous scourge because of the emergence of antimalarial drug resistant plasmodium falciparum. a new approach in addressing this is in developing a combination drug. this study is to show the enhancement of antimalarial properties, when single compound, goniothalamin combine with standard drug, chloroquine. based on 4 day test, percentage of parasite growth on treated infected mice were determined. oral treatment with 1 mg/kg bw of ... | 2006 | 17322815 |
| cd4+ cd25+ regulatory t cells suppress cd4+ t-cell function and inhibit the development of plasmodium berghei-specific th1 responses involved in cerebral malaria pathogenesis. | the infection of mice with plasmodium berghei anka constitutes the best available mouse model for human plasmodium falciparum-mediated cerebral malaria, a devastating neurological syndrome that kills nearly 2.5 million people every year. experimental data suggest that cerebral disease results from the sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes within brain blood vessels, which is exacerbated by host proinflammatory responses mediated by cytokines and effector cells including t lymphocytes. here, ... | 2007 | 17325053 |
| antimalarial activity of 1-aryl-3,3-dialkyltriazenes. | the antimalarial activity of 1-aryl-3,3-dialkyltriazenes to plasmodium berghei nk-65 in infected mice was evaluated at an intraperitoneal dose of 100mg/kgbw. some of these compounds were found to possess potent antimalarial activity. | 2007 | 17329108 |
| female inheritance of malarial lap genes is essential for mosquito transmission. | members of the lccl/lectin adhesive-like protein (lap) family, a family of six putative secreted proteins with predicted adhesive extracellular domains, have all been detected in the sexual and sporogonic stages of plasmodium and have previously been predicted to play a role in parasite-mosquito interactions and/or immunomodulation. in this study we have investigated the function of pblap1, 2, 4, and 6. through phenotypic analysis of plasmodium berghei loss-of-function mutants, we have demonstra ... | 2007 | 17335349 |
| the role of metacaspase 1 in plasmodium berghei development and apoptosis. | the malaria parasite encodes a wide range of proteases necessary to facilitate its many developmental transitions in vertebrate and insect hosts. amongst these is a predicted cysteine protease structurally related to caspases, named plasmodium metacaspase 1 (pxmc1). we have generated plasmodium berghei parasites in which the pbmc1coding sequence is removed and replaced with a green fluorescent reporter gene to investigate the expression of pbmc1, its contribution to parasite development, and its ... | 2007 | 17335919 |
| antimalarial efficacy and drug interactions of the novel semi-synthetic endoperoxide artemisone in vitro and in vivo. | the in vitro and in vivo efficacy and drug-drug interactions of the novel semi-synthetic endoperoxide artemisone with standard antimalarials were investigated in order to provide the basis for the selection of the best partner drug. | 2007 | 17337512 |
| in vitro and in vivo assessement of the antimalarial activity of sergeolide. | the antimalarial activity of sergeolide (a quassinoid from picrolemma pseudocoffea) was investigated both, in vitro on plasmodium falciparum cultures and in vivo through a classical test of schizontocidal action against plasmodium berghei in mice. sergeolide showed a very strong antiplasmodial activity in vitro as well as in vivo. low concentrations (0.006 microg/ml) were able to fully inhibit the in vitro growth of chloroquine-sensitive and resistant strains of p. falciparum. small amounts (0.2 ... | 1985 | 17340392 |
| regulatory cd4+ cd25+ foxp3+ t cells expand during experimental plasmodium infection but do not prevent cerebral malaria. | pathogenic cd8+ t cells are implicated in the physiopathological mechanisms leading to experimental cerebral malaria (cm) in plasmodium berghei anka (pba) infected mice. therefore, we hypothesised that in cm susceptible mice the neuropathology could be, at least in part, the result of an inefficient control of pathogenic effector t cells by cd4+ cd25+ treg cells. remarkably, the number of cd4+ cd25high t cells expressing foxp3 increased in the spleen during the course of infection. these cells d ... | 2007 | 17350019 |
| bone marrow chimeric mice reveal a dual role for cd36 in plasmodium berghei anka infection. | adhesion of plasmodium-infected red blood cells (irbc) to different host cells, ranging from endothelial to red blood cells, is associated to malaria pathology. in vitro studies have shown the relevance of cd36 for adhesion phenotypes of plasmodium falciparum irbc such as sequestration, platelet mediated clumping and non-opsonic uptake of irbc. different adhesion phenotypes involve different host cells and are associated with different pathological outcomes of disease. studies with different hum ... | 2007 | 17367535 |
| plasmodium berghei: plasmodium perforin-like protein 5 is required for mosquito midgut invasion in anopheles stephensi. | during its life cycle the malarial parasite plasmodium forms three invasive stages which have to invade different and specific cells for replication to ensue. invasion is vital to parasite survival and consequently proteins responsible for invasion are considered to be candidate vaccine/drug targets. plasmodium perforin-like proteins (pplps) have been implicated in invasion because they contain a predicted pore-forming domain. ookinetes express three pplps, and one of them (pplp3) has previously ... | 2007 | 17367780 |
| magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals an impaired brain metabolic profile in mice resistant to cerebral malaria infected with plasmodium berghei anka. | malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality with an annual death toll exceeding one million. severe malaria is a complex multisystem disorder, including one or more of the following complications: cerebral malaria, anemia, acidosis, jaundice, respiratory distress, renal insufficiency, coagulation anomalies, and hyperparasitemia. using a combined in vivo/in vitro metabolic-based approach, we investigated the putative pathogenic effects of plasmodium berghei anka on brain, in a mouse strai ... | 2007 | 17369263 |
| transgenic malaria-resistant mosquitoes have a fitness advantage when feeding on plasmodium-infected blood. | the introduction of genes that impair plasmodium development into mosquito populations is a strategy being considered for malaria control. the effect of the transgene on mosquito fitness is a crucial parameter influencing the success of this approach. we have previously shown that anopheline mosquitoes expressing the sm1 peptide in the midgut lumen are impaired for transmission of plasmodium berghei. moreover, the transgenic mosquitoes had no noticeable fitness load compared with nontransgenic m ... | 2007 | 17372227 |
| effect of the antimicrobial peptide gomesin against different life stages of plasmodium spp. | while seeking strategies for interfering with plasmodium development in vertebrate/invertebrate hosts, we tested the activity of gomesin, an antimicrobial peptide isolated from the hemocytes of the spider acanthoscurria gomesiana. gomesin was tested against asexual, sexual and pre-sporogonic forms of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium berghei parasites. the peptide inhibited the in vitro growth of intraerythrocytic forms of p. falciparum. when gomesin was added to in vitro culture of p. berghe ... | 2007 | 17376436 |
| antimalarial activity of alkaloids isolated from stephania rotunda. | stephania rotunda (menispermaceae) is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of fever. four major alkaloids: dehydroroemerine, tetrahydropalmatine, xylopinine, cepharanthine as well as aqueous extract (sa), dichloromethane extracts (sd1 and sd2) from this plant were tested against plasmodium falciparum w2 in vitro. dehydroroemerine, cepharanthine and sd1 were the most active against w2 with ic(50) of 0.36, 0.61microm and 0.7microg/ml, respectively. their ic(50) on human monocytic thp1 ce ... | 2007 | 17382502 |
| on recombinant human erythropoietin preventing the death of mice during cerebral malaria. | 2007 | 17397015 | |
| ctla-4 blockade differentially influences the outcome of non-lethal and lethal plasmodium yoelii infections. | an immune response against malaria has to be tightly controlled. the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines is required to control parasites but the same cytokines are also involved in severe malaria. we have shown that ctla-4 expression during plasmodium berghei malaria dampens the immune response. this strain provokes a pro-inflammatory immune response that is associated with the pathology of cerebral malaria. accordingly a blockade of ctla-4 during the blood-stage of p. berghei malaria lead ... | 2007 | 17398134 |
| high-efficiency transfection and drug selection of genetically transformed blood stages of the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei. | this protocol describes a method of genetic transformation for the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei with a high transfection efficiency of 10(-3)-10(-4). it provides methods for: (i) in vitro cultivation and purification of the schizont stage;(ii) transfection of dna constructs containing drug-selectable markers into schizonts using the nonviral nucleofector technology; and (iii) injection of transfected parasites into mice and subsequent selection of mutants by drug treatment in vivo. ... | 2006 | 17406255 |
| real-time in vivo imaging of transgenic bioluminescent blood stages of rodent malaria parasites in mice. | this protocol describes a methodology for imaging the sequestration of infected erythrocytes of the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei in the bodies of live mice or in dissected organs, using a transgenic parasite that expresses luciferase. real-time imaging of infected erythrocytes is performed by measuring bioluminescence produced by the enzymatic reaction between luciferase and its substrate luciferin, which is injected into the mice several minutes prior to imaging. the bioluminescen ... | 2006 | 17406270 |
| selection by flow-sorting of genetically transformed, gfp-expressing blood stages of the rodent malaria parasite, plasmodium berghei. | this protocol describes a methodology for the genetic transformation of the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei and the subsequent selection of transformed parasites expressing green fluorescent protein (gfp) by flow-sorting. it provides methods for: transfection of the schizont stage with dna constructs that contain gfp as the selectable marker; selection of fluorescent mutants by flow-sorting; and injection of flow-sorted, gfp-expressing parasites into mice and the subsequent collection ... | 2006 | 17406288 |
| depletion of the plasmodium berghei thrombospondin-related sporozoite protein reveals a role in host cell entry by sporozoites. | the malaria parasite sporozoite stage develops in the mosquito vector and is transmitted to the mammalian host by bite. sporozoites engage in multiple interactions with vector and host tissue on the journey from their oocyst origin to their final destination inside hepatocytes. several malaria proteins have been identified that mediate sporozoite interactions with target tissues such as secreted and surface-associated ligands csp and trap, which contain a thrombospondin type 1 repeat (tsr). rece ... | 2007 | 17418435 |
| re-evaluating acridine orange for rapid flow cytometric enumeration of parasitemia in malaria-infected rodents. | methods facilitating research in malaria are of pivotal relevance. flow cytometry offers the possibility of rapid enumeration of parasitemia. it relies on staining the parasite dna to distinguish between infected and non-infected red blood cell (rbc) populations. unfortunately, in rodents abundant reticulocyte rna interferes with the application of the method. this results in time-consuming sample preparation protocols that offer no clear advantage over microscopic counting. we re-evaluated the ... | 2007 | 17421026 |
| aldolase provides an unusual binding site for thrombospondin-related anonymous protein in the invasion machinery of the malaria parasite. | an actomyosin motor located underneath the plasma membrane drives motility and host-cell invasion of apicomplexan parasites such as plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax, the causative agents of malaria. aldolase connects the motor actin filaments to transmembrane adhesive proteins of the thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (trap) family and transduces the motor force across the parasite surface. the trap-aldolase interaction is a distinctive and critical trait of host hepatocyte invas ... | 2007 | 17426153 |
| a chimeric cysteine protease of plasmodium berghei engineered to resemble the plasmodium falciparum protease falcipain-2. | the cysteine proteases falcipain-2 and falcipain-3 are hemoglobinases and potential targets for chemotherapy directed against plasmodium falciparum, the most important human malaria parasite. most in vivo evaluations of candidate antimalarials are conducted in murine malaria models, and falcipain homologs from rodent malaria parasites differ importantly from falcipain-2 and falcipain-3. we expressed berghepain-2, the single homolog of falcipain-2 and falcipain-3 of the rodent parasite p. berghei ... | 2007 | 17430972 |
| antiplasmodial activity of aryltetralone lignans from holostylis reniformis. | extracts from holostylis reniformis were tested in vivo against plasmodium berghei and in vitro against a chloroquine-resistant strain of plasmodium falciparum. the hexane extract of the roots was the most active, causing 67% reduction of parasitemia in vivo. from this extract, six lignans, including a new (7'r,8s,8's)-3',4'-methylenedioxy-4,5-dimethoxy-2,7'-cyclolignan-7-one, were isolated and tested in vitro against p. falciparum. the three most active lignans showed 50% inhibitor concentratio ... | 2007 | 17438049 |
| malaria-infected mice are cured by a single dose of novel artemisinin derivatives. | we disclose here for the first time the curative activity of a new generation of trioxane dimers, designed logically and prepared easily from the natural trioxane artemisinin in only four or five chemical steps that would be easily accomplished also on a manufacturing scale. four of these trioxane dimers cure malaria-infected mice after only a single subcutaneous dose, and two other dimers cure after three oral doses. | 2007 | 17439113 |
| synthesis and antimalarial property of orally active phenoxazinium salts. | phenoxazinium salts were found to display good antimalarial efficacy in vivo against plasmodium berghei. several compounds provided 100% parasitemia clearance at a dose of 20-30 mg kg-1x4 days (ip) and good survival effects without obvious acute toxicity. they also showed excellent potency by oral administration. a preliminary pharmacokinetic study revealed that the oral availability of 1a was excellent. | 2007 | 17441706 |
| apoptosis in experimental cerebral malaria: spatial profile of cleaved caspase-3 and ultrastructural alterations in different disease stages. | cerebral malaria (cm) is associated with high mortality and morbidity as a certain percentage of survivors suffers from persistent neurological sequelae. the mechanisms leading to death and functional impairments are yet not fully understood. this study investigated biochemical and morphological markers of apoptosis in the brains of mice infected with plasmodium berghei anka. cleaved caspase-3 was detected in the brains of animals with clinical signs of cm and immunoreactivity directly correlate ... | 2007 | 17442059 |
| plasmodium berghei xat: protective 155/160 kda antigens are located in parasitophorous vacuoles of schizont-stage parasite. | effective blood-stage malaria vaccine candidates have been mainly developed from the proteins in exposed locations on the parasite such as the surface of free merozoites or infected red blood cells. in the present study, we identified and localized novel protective antigens derived from the blood-stage of plasmodium berghei xat after establishment of hybridomas producing protective monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the parasites. the protective antigens were expressed in schizonts but not in ... | 2007 | 17442306 |
| nk cells stimulate recruitment of cxcr3+ t cells to the brain during plasmodium berghei-mediated cerebral malaria. | nk cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that also secrete regulatory cytokines and can therefore influence adaptive immune responses. nk cell function is largely controlled by genes present in a genomic region named the nk complex. it has been shown that the nk complex is a genetic determinant of murine cerebral malaria pathogenesis mediated by plasmodium berghei anka. in this study, we show that nk cells are required for cerebral malaria disease induction and the control of parasitemia. nk cells wer ... | 2007 | 17442962 |
| development and validation of flow cytometric measurement for parasitaemia using autofluorescence and yoyo-1 in rodent malaria. | an automated flow cytometric (fcm) detection method has been developed and validated with a simple diagnostic procedure in parasitized erythrocytes of plasmodium berghei-infected rats using the nucleic acid-binding fluorescent dye yoyo-1. high levels of reticulocytes were detected during the course of the infection, ranging from 1.2-51.2%, but any rna potentially confounding the assay could be removed by digestion with rnase. the cell counts of uninfected, infected, and nucleated cells occurred ... | 2007 | 17445324 |
| iron deficiency influences the course of malaria in plasmodium berghei infected mice. | iron deficiency accelerates suicidal erythrocyte death, which is evident from phosphatidylserine exposure. the present study explored whether iron deficiency compromises intraerythrocytic growth of plasmodium and enhances death of infected erythrocytes thus influencing the course of malaria. as a result, phosphatidylserine exposure is increased in plasmodium falciparum infected human erythrocytes, an effect significantly more marked in iron deficiency. moreover, iron deficiency impairs in vitro ... | 2007 | 17445762 |
| anti-malarial activity of withania somnifera l. dunal extracts in mice. | this study aims at investigating the in vivo antiplasmodial activity of a traditionally used medicinal plant, withania somnifera, l. dunal, (solanaceae). | 2006 | 17447395 |
| metabolism of diazepam and ethosuximide in rats with malaria and endotoxin-induced fever. | we have investigated the effects of malaria infection with rodent parasite plasmodium berghei and fever induced by escherischia coli endotoxin on the metabolism of diazepam to temazepam by rat liver microsomes, and on the clearance of ethosuximide in vivo in the rat. livers from malaria-infected (parasitaemia =36.8+/- 7.6% endotoxin-treated or saline-treated (control) rats (n=5 per treatment) were used to prepare microsomes. these were incubated with diazepam (10-600ū m) for 10 minutes in an nad ... | 1996 | 17451291 |
| murine cerebral malaria development is independent of toll-like receptor signaling. | malaria pigment hemozoin was reported to activate the innate immunity by toll-like receptor (tlr)-9 engagement. however, the role of tlr activation for the development of cerebral malaria (cm), a lethal complication of malaria infection in humans, is unknown. using plasmodium berghei anka (pba) infection in mice as a model of cm, we report here that tlr9-deficient mice are not protected from cm. to exclude the role of other members of the tlr family in pba recognition, we infected mice deficient ... | 2007 | 17456769 |
| malaria plasmodium agent induces alteration in the head proteome of their anopheles mosquito host. | despite increasing evidence of behavioural manipulation of their vectors by pathogens, the underlying mechanisms causing infected vectors to act in ways that benefit pathogen transmission remain enigmatic in most cases. here, 2-d dige coupled with ms were employed to analyse and compare the head proteome of mosquitoes (anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (giles)) infected with the malarial parasite (plasmodium berghei) with that of uninfected mosquitoes. this approach detected altered levels of 12 p ... | 2007 | 17464940 |