Publications

TitleAbstractYear
Filter
PMID(sorted ascending)
Filter
arsenic affects mineral nutrients in grains of various indian rice (oryza sativa l.) genotypes grown on arsenic-contaminated soils of west bengal.the exposure of paddy fields to arsenic (as) through groundwater irrigation is a serious concern that may not only lead to as accumulation to unacceptable levels but also interfere with mineral nutrients in rice grains. in the present field study, profiling of the mineral nutrients (iron (fe), phosphorous, zinc, and selenium (se)) was done in various rice genotypes with respect to as accumulation. a significant genotypic variation was observed in elemental retention on root fe plaque and their a ...201020490609
deficiency in the amino aldehyde dehydrogenase encoded by gmamadh2, the homologue of rice os2ap, enhances 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis in soybeans (glycine max l.).2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2ap), the volatile compound that provides the 'popcorn-like' aroma in a large variety of cereal and food products, is widely found in nature. deficiency in amino aldehyde dehydrogenase (amadh) was previously shown to be the likely cause of 2ap biosynthesis in rice (oryza sativa l.). in this study, the validity of this mechanism was investigated in soybeans (glycine max l.). an assay of amadh activity in soybeans revealed that the aromatic soybean, which contains 2ap, also l ...201120497370
involvement of silicon influx transporter osnip2;1 in selenite uptake in rice.rice (oryza sativa) as a staple food, provides a major source of dietary selenium (se) for humans, which essentially requires se, however, the molecular mechanism for se uptake is still poorly understood. herein, we show evidence that the uptake of selenite, a main bioavailable form of se in paddy soils, is mediated by a silicon (si) influx transporter lsi1 (osnip2;1) in rice. defect of osnip2;1 resulted in a significant decrease in the se concentration of the shoots and xylem sap when selenite ...201020498338
knockout of a bacterial-type atp-binding cassette transporter gene, atstar1, results in increased aluminum sensitivity in arabidopsis.atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters represent a large family in plants, but the functions of most of these transporters are unknown. here we report a gene, atstar1, only encoding an atp-binding domain of a bacterial-type abc transporter in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). atstar1 is an ortholog of rice (oryza sativa) osstar1, which has been implicated in aluminum (al) tolerance. knockout of atstar1 resulted in increased sensitivity to al and earlier flowering. unlike osstar1, atstar1 was ...201020498340
xanthomonas oryzae pathovars: model pathogens of a model crop.summary xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola cause bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak of rice (oryza sativa), which constrain production of this staple crop in much of asia and parts of africa. tremendous progress has been made in characterizing the diseases and breeding for resistance. x. oryzae pv. oryzae causes bacterial blight by invading the vascular tissue, while x. oryzae pv. oryzicola causes bacterial leaf streak by colonizing the parenchyma. in rice ...200620507449
a highly conserved gene island of three genes on chromosome 3b of hexaploid wheat: diverse gene function and genomic structure maintained in a tightly linked block.the complexity of the wheat genome has resulted from waves of retrotransposable element insertions. gene deletions and disruptions generated by the fast replacement of repetitive elements in wheat have resulted in disruption of colinearity at a micro (sub-megabase) level among the cereals. in view of genomic changes that are possible within a given time span, conservation of genes between species tends to imply an important functional or regional constraint that does not permit a change in genom ...020507561
genome-scale analysis and comparison of gene expression profiles in developing and germinated pollen in oryza sativa.pollen development from the microspore involves a series of coordinated cellular events, and the resulting mature pollen has a specialized function to quickly germinate, produce a polar-growth pollen tube derived from the vegetative cell, and deliver two sperm cells into the embryo sac for double fertilization. the gene expression profiles of developing and germinated pollen have been characterised by use of the eudicot model plant arabidopsis. rice, one of the most important cereal crops, has b ...201020507633
distinct regulation of adaxial-abaxial polarity in anther patterning in rice.establishment of adaxial-abaxial polarity is essential for lateral organ development. the mechanisms underlying the polarity establishment in the stamen remain unclear, whereas those in the leaf are well understood. here, we investigated a rod-like lemma (rol) mutant of rice (oryza sativa), in which the development of the stamen and lemma is severely compromised. we found that the rod-like structure of the lemma and disturbed anther patterning resulted from defects in the regulation of adaxial-a ...201020511295
identification of gibberellin acid-responsive proteins in rice leaf sheath using proteomics.the phytohormone gibberellin acid (ga) controls many aspects of plant development. in this study, we identified proteins that are differentially expressed between the rice (oryza sativa l.) ga-deficient cultivar, aijiaonante, and its parental line, nante. proteins were extracted from rice leaf sheath and examined by 2dge. among more than 1200 protein spots reproducibly detected on each gel, 29 were found to be highly up-regulated by gas in nante, and 6 were down-regulated by gas in aijiaonante. ...201020515728
genomic diversity and introgression in o. sativa reveal the impact of domestication and breeding on the rice genome.the domestication of asian rice (oryza sativa) was a complex process punctuated by episodes of introgressive hybridization among and between subpopulations. deep genetic divergence between the two main varietal groups (indica and japonica) suggests domestication from at least two distinct wild populations. however, genetic uniformity surrounding key domestication genes across divergent subpopulations suggests cultural exchange of genetic material among ancient farmers.201020520727
analysis of antisense expression by whole genome tiling microarrays and sirnas suggests mis-annotation of arabidopsis orphan protein-coding genes.micrornas (mirnas) and trans-acting small-interfering rnas (tasi-rnas) are small (20-22 nt long) rnas (smrnas) generated from hairpin secondary structures or antisense transcripts, respectively, that regulate gene expression by watson-crick pairing to a target mrna and altering expression by mechanisms related to rna interference. the high sequence homology of plant mirnas to their targets has been the mainstay of mirna prediction algorithms, which are limited in their predictive power for other ...201020520764
orthologous comparisons of the hd1 region across genera reveal hd1 gene lability within diploid oryza species and disruptions to microsynteny in sorghum.heading date is one of the most important quantitative traits responsible for the domestication of rice. we compared a 155-kb reference segment of the oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv. nipponbare genome surrounding hd1, a major heading date gene in rice, with orthologous regions from nine diploid oryza species that diverged over a relatively short time frame (∼16 my) to study sequence evolution around a domestication locus. the orthologous hd1 region from sorghum bicolor was included to compare and ...201020522726
early evolution of bhlh proteins in plants.basic-helix-loop-helix (bhlh) proteins are a large family of eukaryotic transcription factors. in plants, they have been shown to be key regulators of a diverse array of developmental and metabolic pathways. we have recently shown that the diversity of bhlh proteins in angiosperms is ancient. most of the bhlh subfamilies present in seed plants such as arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa are also present in early diverging groups of land plants, including mosses and lycophytes. in contrast, the ...201020523129
silicon alleviates drought stress of rice plants by improving plant water status, photosynthesis and mineral nutrient absorption.drought is a major constraint for rice production in the rainfed lowlands in china. silicon (si) has been verified to play an important role in enhancing plant resistance to environmental stress. two near-isogenic lines of rice (oryza sativa l.), w-14 (drought susceptible) and w-20 (drought resistant), were selected to study the effects of exogenous si application on the physiological traits and nutritional status of rice under drought stress. in wet conditions, si supply had no effects on growt ...201120532668
development of a novel aluminum tolerance phenotyping platform used for comparisons of cereal aluminum tolerance and investigations into rice aluminum tolerance mechanisms.the genetic and physiological mechanisms of aluminum (al) tolerance have been well studied in certain cereal crops, and al tolerance genes have been identified in sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and wheat (triticum aestivum). rice (oryza sativa) has been reported to be highly al tolerant; however, a direct comparison of rice and other cereals has not been reported, and the mechanisms of rice al tolerance are poorly understood. to facilitate al tolerance phenotyping in rice, a high-throughput imaging s ...020538888
optimizing tillage schedule for maintaining activity of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal population in a rainfed upland rice (oryza sativa l.) agro-ecosystem.rainfed uplands in india are predominantly mono-cropped with rice (oryza sativa l.) in the wet season (june/july to september/october) and grown under aerobic soil conditions. the remaining fallow period (winter followed by summer) of about 8-9 months leads to natural crash in the population of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) in the soil. attempts have been made to minimize this population crash by reducing soil disturbance-induced deleterious effects on native amf activity of improper ...201120544229
a comparison of nitrate transport in four different rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars.as rice can use both nitrate (no(3)(-)) and ammonium (nh(4)(+)), we have tested the hypothesis that the shift in the pattern of cultivars grown in jiangsu province reflects the ability of the plants to exploit no(3)(-) as a nitrogen (n) source. four rice cultivars were grown in solution culture for comparison of their growth on no(3)(-) and nh(4)(+) nitrogen sources. all four types of rice, xian you 63 (xy63), yang dao 6 (yd), nong keng 57 (nk) and si you 917 (sy917), grew well and produced simi ...200520549444
transcriptome divergence between the hexaploid salt-marsh sister species spartina maritima and spartina alterniflora (poaceae).invasive species are ideal model systems to investigate the evolutionary processes associated with their ecological success by comparison with closely related species. in this article, we explore transcriptome evolution following divergence between two closely related salt-marsh species, the invasive spartina alterniflora (native to the east-american atlantic coast, introduced in several continents) and the declining spartina maritima (native to the euro-african atlantic coast). we have explored ...201020550634
genomic patterns of nucleotide diversity in divergent populations of u.s. weedy rice.weedy rice (red rice), a conspecific weed of cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.), is a significant problem throughout the world and an emerging threat in regions where it was previously absent. despite belonging to the same species complex as domesticated rice and its wild relatives, the evolutionary origins of weedy rice remain unclear. we use genome-wide patterns of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) variation in a broad geographic sample of weedy, domesticated, and wild oryza samples to infer ...201020550656
targeted mapping of cdu1, a major locus regulating grain cadmium concentration in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum).some durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum) cultivars have the genetic propensity to accumulate cadmium (cd) in the grain. a major gene controlling grain cd concentration designated as cdu1 has been reported on 5b, but the genetic factor(s) conferring the low cd phenotype are currently unknown. the objectives of this study were to saturate the chromosomal region harboring cdu1 with newly developed pcr-based markers and to investigate the colinearity of this wheat chromosomal region with ri ...020559817
functional characterization of the siz/pias-type sumo e3 ligases, ossiz1 and ossiz2 in rice.sumoylation is a post-translational regulatory process in diverse cellular processes in eukaryotes, involving conjugation/deconjugation of small ubiquitin-like modifier (sumo) proteins to other proteins thus modifying their function. the pias [protein inhibitor of activated signal transducers and activators of transcription (stat)] and sap (scaffold attachment factor a/b/acinus/pias)/miz (siz) proteins exhibit sumo e3-ligase activity that facilitates the conjugation of sumo proteins to target su ...201020561251
magnaporthe grisea interactions with the model grass brachypodium distachyon closely resemble those with rice (oryza sativa).summary germplasm of brachypodium distachyon was inoculated with magnaporthe grisea using either rice- (guy11) or grass-adapted (fag1.1.1, pa19w-06, pa31v-01) host-limited forms of the fungus, and interactions with varying degrees of susceptibility and resistance were identified. ecotype abr5 was resistant to each m. grisea strain whereas abr1 was susceptible to all but p31vi-01. mendelian segregation in abr1 x abr5 crosses suggested that a single dominant resistance gene conferred resistance to ...200420565594
rice suvh histone methyltransferase genes display specific functions in chromatin modification and retrotransposon repression.histone lysine methylation plays an important role in heterochromatin formation and reprogramming of gene expression. set-domain-containing proteins are shown to have histone lysine methyltransferase activities. a large number of set-domain genes are identified in plant genomes. the function of most set-domain genes is not known. in this work, we studied the 12 rice (oryza sativa) homologs of su(var)3-9, the histone h3 lysine 9 (h3k9) methyltransferase identified in drosophila. several rice suvh ...201020566579
dth8 suppresses flowering in rice, influencing plant height and yield potential simultaneously.the three most important agronomic traits of rice (oryza sativa), yield, plant height, and flowering time, are controlled by many quantitative trait loci (qtls). in this study, a newly identified qtl, dth8 (qtl for days to heading on chromosome 8), was found to regulate these three traits in rice. map-based cloning reveals that dth8 encodes a putative hap3 subunit of the ccaat-box-binding transcription factor and the complementary experiment increased significantly days to heading, plant height, ...201020566706
influence of commodity type, percentage of cracked kernels, and wheat class on population growth of stored-product psocids (psocoptera: liposcelidae).differences in stored-product psocid progeny production as a function of commodity type, percentage of cracked kernels, and wheat class were examined using laboratory bioassays. population growth of liposcelis bostrychophila badonnel, liposcelis decolor (pearman), liposcelis paeta pearman, and liposcelis entomophila (enderlein) (psocoptera: liposcelididae) was highest on sorghum sorghum bicolor (l.) moench, followed by wheat, triticum aestivum l., and rice, oryza sativa l., whereas progeny produ ...201020568647
identification of a beta-glucosidase hydrolyzing tuberonic acid glucoside in rice (oryza sativa l.).tuberonic acid (ta) and its glucoside (tag) have been isolated from potato (solanum tuberosum l.) leaflets and shown to exhibit tuber-inducing properties. these compounds were reported to be biosynthesized from jasmonic acid (ja) by hydroxylation and subsequent glycosylation, and to be contained in various plant species. here we describe the in vivo hydrolytic activity of tag in rice. in this study, the ta resulting from tag was not converted into ja. tuberonic acid glucoside (tag)-hydrolyzing b ...201020570296
the abre-binding bzip transcription factor osabf2 is a positive regulator of abiotic stress and aba signaling in rice.abscisic acid (aba) is an important phytohormone involved in abiotic stress tolerance in plants. the group a bzip transcription factors play important roles in the aba signaling pathway in arabidopsis but little is known about their functions in rice. in our current study, we have isolated and characterized a group a bzip transcription factor in rice, osabf2 (oryza sativa aba-responsive element binding factor 2). it was found to be expressed in various tissues in rice and induced by different ty ...201020576316
application of response surface methodology and artificial neural networks for optimization of recombinant oryza sativa non-symbiotic hemoglobin 1 production by escherichia coli in medium containing byproduct glycerol.production of recombinant oryza sativa non-symbiotic hemoglobin 1 (oshb1) by escherichia coli was maximized in shake-flask cultures in media containing tryptone, yeast extract, sodium chloride and byproduct glycerol from biodiesel production. response surface methodology (rsm) and artificial neural networks (anns), followed by multiple response optimization through a desirability function were applied to evaluate the amount of oshb1 produced. the results obtained by the application of anns were ...201020576568
application of response surface methodology and artificial neural networks for optimization of recombinant oryza sativa non-symbiotic hemoglobin 1 production by escherichia coli in medium containing byproduct glycerol.production of recombinant oryza sativa non-symbiotic hemoglobin 1 (oshb1) by escherichia coli was maximized in shake-flask cultures in media containing tryptone, yeast extract, sodium chloride and byproduct glycerol from biodiesel production. response surface methodology (rsm) and artificial neural networks (anns), followed by multiple response optimization through a desirability function were applied to evaluate the amount of oshb1 produced. the results obtained by the application of anns were ...201020578289
boron toxicity tolerance in barley through reduced expression of the multifunctional aquaporin hvnip2;1.boron (b) toxicity is a significant limitation to cereal crop production in a number of regions worldwide. here we describe the cloning of a gene from barley (hordeum vulgare), underlying the chromosome 6h b toxicity tolerance quantitative trait locus. it is the second b toxicity tolerance gene identified in barley. previously, we identified the gene bot1 that functions as an efflux transporter in b toxicity-tolerant barley to move b out of the plant. the gene identified in this work encodes hvn ...201020581256
megabase level sequencing reveals contrasted organization and evolution patterns of the wheat gene and transposable element spaces.to improve our understanding of the organization and evolution of the wheat (triticum aestivum) genome, we sequenced and annotated 13-mb contigs (18.2 mb) originating from different regions of its largest chromosome, 3b (1 gb), and produced a 2x chromosome survey by shotgun illumina/solexa sequencing. all regions carried genes irrespective of their chromosomal location. however, gene distribution was not random, with 75% of them clustered into small islands containing three genes on average. a t ...020581307
gene transfer into solanum tuberosum via rhizobium spp.agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) is the preferred technique for gene transfer into crops. a major disadvantage of the technology remains the complexity of the patent landscape that surrounds atmt which restricts its use for commercial applications. an alternative system has been described (broothaerts et al. in nature 433:629-633, 2005) detailing the propensity of three rhizobia to transform the model crop arabidopsis thaliana, the non-food crop nicotiana tabacum and, at ...201120582626
molecular evolution of shattering loci in u.s. weedy rice.cultivated rice fields worldwide are plagued with weedy rice, a conspecific weed of cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.). the persistence of weedy rice has been attributed, in part, to its ability to shatter (disperse) seed prior to crop harvesting. in the united states, separately evolved weedy rice groups have been shown to share genomic identity with exotic domesticated cultivars. here, we investigate the shattering phenotype in a collection of u.s. weedy rice accessions, as well as wild and cul ...201020584132
seeing red: the origin of grain pigmentation in us weedy rice.weedy forms of crop species infest agricultural fields worldwide and are a leading cause of crop losses, yet little is known about how these weeds evolve. red rice (oryza sativa), a major weed of cultivated rice fields in the us, is recognized by the dark-pigmented grain that gives it its common name. studies using neutral molecular markers have indicated a close relationship between us red rice and domesticated rice, suggesting that the weed may have originated through reversion of domesticated ...201020584133
involvement of cytokinins in the grain filling of rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation.cytokinins may reflect soil water status and regulate rice (oryza sativa l.) grain filling. this study investigated the changes in cytokinin levels in rice plants and their relations with grain filling under alternate wetting and drying irrigation. two 'super' rice cultivars were field grown. three irrigation regimes, alternate wetting and moderate soil drying (wmd), alternate wetting and severe soil drying (wsd), and conventional irrigation (ci, continuously flooded), were imposed after floweri ...201020584789
ospie1, the rice ortholog of arabidopsis photoperiod-independent early flowering1, is essential for embryo development.the swr1 complex is important for the deposition of histone variant h2a.z into chromatin necessary to robustly regulate gene expression during growth and development. in arabidopsis thaliana, the catalytic subunit of the swr1-like complex, encoded by pie1 (photoperiod-independent early flowering1), has been shown to function in multiple developmental processes including flowering time pathways and petal number regulation. however, the function of the pie1 orthologs in monocots remains unknown.201020585576
identification of gamyb-4 and analysis of the regulatory role of gamyb in rice anther development.in higher plants, male reproductive development is a complex biological process that includes cell division and differentiation, cell to cell communication etc., while the mechanism underlying plant male reproductive development remains less understood. gamyb encodes a gibberellins acid (ga) inducible transcription factor that is required for the early anther development in rice (oryza sativa l.). here, we report the isolation and characterization of a new allele gamyb-4 with a c base deletion i ...201020590996
production of marker-free transgenic rice expressing tissue-specific bt gene.the hybrid bacillus thuringiensis (bt) δ-endotoxin gene cry1ab/ac was used to develop a transgenic bt rice (oryza sativa l.) targeting lepidopteran insects of rice. here, we show the production of a marker-free and tissue-specific expressing transgenic bt rice line l24 using agrobacterium-mediated transformation and a chemically regulated, cre/loxp-mediated dna recombination system. l24 carries a single copy of marker-free t-dna that contains the cry1ab/ac gene driven by a maize phosphoenolpyruv ...201020593185
qtlnetworkr: an interactive r package for qtl visualization.qtlnetworkr is an r package that aims to provide a user-friendly and platform-independent tool to visualize quantitative trait loci (qtl) mapping results. the graphical functions of the qtlnetworkr are based upon lattice and grid packages, and the graphical user interface (gui) of the qtlnetworkr is built upon rgtk2 and gwidgetsrgtk2 packages. six functions are designed to help visualize marker interval, putative qtl, qtl-by-environment interactions, marker interval interactions, epistasis, and ...201020593516
study of the changes in insoluble polysaccharides during pollen development in rice ( oryza sativa l.) by microscopic multispectral imaging.multispectral analysis combined with the periodic acid-schiff method was used to investigate cytological features of insoluble polysaccharides and changes in total insoluble polysaccharide content (tpc) during pollen development in rice, including four cytoplasmic male sterility lines (msls) and their corresponding fertility-maintaining lines (fmls). the multispectral curves of the relative transmittance value (rtv) and the images of developing pollen cells were obtained across a range of succes ...201020598200
effects of ozone on growth, yield and leaf gas exchange rates of four bangladeshi cultivars of rice (oryza sativa l.).to assess the effects of tropospheric o3 on rice cultivated in bangladesh, four bangladeshi cultivars (br11, br14, br28 and br29) of rice (oryza sativa l.) were exposed daily to charcoal-filtered air or o3 at 60 and 100 nl l(-1) (10:00-17:00) from 1 july to 28 november 2008. the whole-plant dry mass and grain yield per plant of the four cultivars were significantly reduced by the exposure to o3. the exposure to o3 significantly reduced net photosynthetic rate of the 12th and flag leaves of the f ...201020598788
combining qtl mapping and transcriptome profiling of bulked rils for identification of functional polymorphism for salt tolerance genes in rice (oryza sativa l.).identification of genes for quantitative traits is difficult using any single approach due to complex inheritance of the traits and limited resolving power of the individual techniques. here a combination of genetic mapping and bulked transcriptome profiling was used to narrow down the number of differentially expressed salt-responsive genes in rice in order to identify functional polymorphism of genes underlying the quantitative trait loci (qtl). a population of recombinant inbred lines (rils) ...201020602115
disruption of a gene for rice sucrose transporter, ossut1, impairs pollen function but pollen maturation is unaffected.sucrose transporters (suts) are known to play critical roles in the uptake of sucrose from the apoplast in various steps of sugar translocation. because developing pollen is symplastically isolated from anther tissues, it is hypothesized that suts are active in the uptake of apoplastic sucrose into pollen. to investigate this possibility, a comprehensive expression analysis was performed for members of the sut gene family in the developing pollen of rice (oryza sativa l.) using real-time rt-pcr ...201020603282
multiple introgression events surrounding the hd1 flowering-time gene in cultivated rice, oryza sativa l.flowering time is a major determinant for the local adaptation of crops. hd1 is a key flowering-time gene in rice and is orthologous to the arabidopsis constans gene. to elucidate the role of hd1 in selection, we examined the hd1 alleles of 60 landraces of asian cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) originating from all regions of asia, which comprised three cultivar groups, indica, japonica, and aus. the identified alleles were classified into four allele groups. the functional hd1 alleles in allel ...201020607290
lowering intercellular melatonin levels by transgenic analysis of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase from rice in tomato plants.melatonin exists in numerous living organisms including vertebrates, insects, fungi, bacteria, and plants. extensive studies have been conducted on the physiological roles of melatonin in various plant species. in plants, melatonin seems to act in antioxidant protection, as a growth promoter, and in photoperiodism. however, the mechanisms by which melatonin carries out these roles remain unclear. we manipulated the endogenous melatonin content in tomato plants by modifying the metabolic enzyme i ...201020609074
osc6, encoding a lipid transfer protein, is required for postmeiotic anther development in rice.synthesis of lipidic components in anthers, including of the pollen exine, is essential for plant male reproductive development. plant lipid transfer proteins (ltps) are small, abundant lipid-binding proteins that have the ability to exchange lipids between membranes in vitro. however, their biological role in male reproductive development remains less understood. here, we report the crucial role of osc6 in regulating postmeiotic anther development in rice (oryza sativa). found in monocots, osc6 ...201020610705
analysis of bac clones containing homologous sequences on the end of the xq arm and on chromosome 7 in the dioecious plant silene latifolia.silene latifolia is a model dioecious plant with morphologically distinguishable xy sex chromosomes. the end of the xq arm is quite different from that of the yp arm, although both are located at opposite ends of their respective chromosomes relative to a pseudo-autosomal region. the xq arm does not seem to originate from the same autosome as the yp arm. bacterial artificial chromosome clone #15b12 has an insert containing a 130-kb stretch in which a 313-bp satellite dna is repeated 420 times. p ...201020616862
spaceflight-induced genetic and epigenetic changes in the rice (oryza sativa l.) genome are independent of each other.an array of studies have reported that the spaceflight environment is mutagenic and may induce phenotypic and genetic changes in diverse organisms. we reported recently that in at least some plant species (e.g., rice) the spaceflight environment can be particularly potent in generating heritable epigenetic changes in the form of altered cytosine methylation patterns and activation of transposable elements. to further study the issue of spaceflight-induced genomic instability, and in particular t ...201020616874
comparison of gene order of gigantea loci in yellow-poplar, monocots, and eudicots.gigantea plays an important role in the control of circadian rhythms and photoperiodic flowering. the gigantea gene has been studied in various species, but not in basal angiosperms. moreover, to the best of our knowledge, no study of the genome organization of a basal angiosperm has yet been published. in this study, we sequenced a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) harboring gigantea from yellow-poplar (liriodendron tulipifera l.) and compared the genomic organization of this gene in yellow ...201020616875
unconditional and conditional qtl mapping for the developmental behavior of tiller number in rice (oryza sativa l.).a single segment substitution population of 26 lines and their recipient parent hua-jing-xian 74 (hjx74) were selected as experimental materials for analyzing the developmental behavior of tiller number in rice. by the unconditional qtl (quantitative trait locus) mapping method, a total number of 14 sssls were detected with qtls controlling rice tiller number. the number of qtls significantly affecting tiller number and their effect values estimated differed across measuring stages. more qtls co ...201020623365
osspo11-1 is essential for both homologous chromosome pairing and crossover formation in rice.spo11 is a homolog of a subunit of archaebacterial topoisomerase, which catalyzes dna double-strand breaks and initiates homologous chromosome recombination. in the present study, we silenced the spo11-1 gene in rice (oryza sativa) using rnai. rice plants with loss-of-function of osspo11-1 have no apparent growth defects during vegetative development, but homologous chromosome pairing and recombination are significantly obstructed. telomeres can be assembled as bouquet during the zygotene stage ...201020625906
rice structural variation: a comparative analysis of structural variation between rice and three of its closest relatives in the genus oryza.rapid progress in comparative genomics among the grasses has revealed similar gene content and order despite exceptional differences in chromosome size and number. large- and small-scale genomic variations are of particular interest, especially among cultivated and wild species, as they encode rapidly evolving features that may be important in adaptation to particular environments. we present a genome-wide study of intermediate-sized structural variation (sv) among rice (oryza sativa) and three ...201020626650
function annotation of the rice transcriptome at single-nucleotide resolution by rna-seq.the functional complexity of the rice transcriptome is not yet fully elucidated, despite many studies having reported the use of dna microarrays. next-generation dna sequencing technologies provide a powerful approach for mapping and quantifying the transcriptome, termed rna sequencing (rna-seq). in this study, we applied rna-seq to globally sample transcripts of the cultivated rice oryza sativa indica and japonica subspecies for resolving the whole-genome transcription profiles. we identified 1 ...201020627892
multifunctionalised benzoxazinones in the systems oryza sativa-echinochloa crus-galli and triticum aestivum-avena fatua as natural-product-based herbicide leads.fifteen novel derivatives of d-diboa, including aromatic ring modifications and the addition of side chains in positions c-2 and n-4, had previously been synthesised and their phytotoxicity on standard target species (sts) evaluated. this strategy combined steric, electronic, solubility and lipophilicity requirements to achieve the maximum phytotoxic activity. an evaluation of the bioactivity of these compounds on the systems oryza sativa-echinochloa crus-galli and triticum aestivum-avena fatua ...201020628996
identification and characterization of proteins involved in rice urea and arginine catabolism.rice (oryza sativa) production relies strongly on nitrogen (n) fertilization with urea, but the proteins involved in rice urea metabolism have not yet been characterized. coding sequences for rice arginase, urease, and the urease accessory proteins d (ured), f (uref), and g (ureg) involved in urease activation were identified and cloned. the functionality of urease and the urease accessory proteins was demonstrated by complementing corresponding arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) mutants and by ...201020631318
kinetic basis for the conjugation of auxin by a gh3 family indole-acetic acid-amido synthetase.the gh3 family of acyl-acid-amido synthetases catalyze the atp-dependent formation of amino acid conjugates to modulate levels of active plant hormones, including auxins and jasmonates. initial biochemical studies of various gh3s show that these enzymes group into three families based on sequence relationships and acyl-acid substrate preference (i, jasmonate-conjugating; ii, auxin- and salicylic acid-conjugating; iii, benzoate-conjugating); however, little is known about the kinetic and chemical ...201020639576
reversible and irreversible drought-induced changes in the anther proteome of rice (oryza sativa l.) genotypes ir64 and moroberekan.crop yield is most sensitive to water deficit during the reproductive stage. for rice, the most sensitive yield component is spikelet fertility and the most sensitive stage is immediately before heading. here, we examined the effect of drought on the anther proteome of two rice genotypes: moroberekan and ir64. water was withheld for 3 d before heading (3dbh) in well watered controls for 5 d until the flag leaf relative water content (rwc) had declined to 45-50%. plants were then re-watered and h ...201120643753
diversification and specialization of plant rbr ubiquitin ligases.rbr ubiquitin ligases are components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system present in all eukaryotes. they are characterized by having the rbr (ring - ibr - ring) supradomain. in this study, the patterns of emergence of rbr genes in plants are described.201020644651
differential metabolic response of cultured rice (oryza sativa) cells exposed to high- and low-temperature stress.global mean temperatures are expected to rise by 2-4.5 degrees c by 2100, accompanied by an increase in frequency and amplitude of extreme temperature events. greater climatic extremes and an expanded range of cultivation will expose rice to increasing stress in the future. understanding gene expression in disparate thermal regimes is important for the engineering of cultivars with tolerance to nonoptimal temperatures. our study investigated the proteomic responses of rice cell suspension cultur ...201020645384
hemagglutinating activity of proteins from parkia speciosa seeds.proteins from parkia speciosa hassk. (fabaceae) seeds were extracted and stepwise precipitated using ammonium sulfate. proteins precipitated with 25% ammonium sulfate were separated by affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel followed by protein liquid chromatography on superdex 200. the protein gj, which was identified as a protein similar to putative aristolochene synthase, 3'-partial from oryza sativa l. (poaceae), had hemagglutinating activity of 0.39 mug/mul. moreover, fraction c2 from ...201020645760
combining machine learning and homology-based approaches to accurately predict subcellular localization in arabidopsis.a complete map of the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) proteome is clearly a major goal for the plant research community in terms of determining the function and regulation of each encoded protein. developing genome-wide prediction tools such as for localizing gene products at the subcellular level will substantially advance arabidopsis gene annotation. to this end, we performed a comprehensive study in arabidopsis and created an integrative support vector machine-based localization predictor ...201020647376
cyp93g2 is a flavanone 2-hydroxylase required for c-glycosylflavone biosynthesis in rice.c-glycosylflavones are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom, and many of them have beneficial effects on human health. they are a special group of flavonoid glycosides in which the sugars are c-linked to the flavone skeleton. it has been long presumed that c-glycosylflavones have a different biosynthetic origin from o-glycosylflavonoids. in rice (oryza sativa), a c-glucosyltransferase (oscgt) that accepts 2-hydroxyflavanone substrates and a dehydratase activity that selectively converts c-glucosyl-2- ...201020647377
biochemical changes associated with in vivo rbcl fragmentation by reactive oxygen species under chilling-light conditions.during physiological stress, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) degradation is accelerated, which is considered to be one of the key factors responsible for photosynthetic decline. a recent study has shown that the large subunit (rbcl) of rubisco is directly fragmented by hydroxyl radicals in cucumis sativus leaves under chilling-light conditions. in the present study, we investigated biochemical aspects associated with this in vivo rbcl fragmentation by reactive oxygen sp ...201020653886
speciation of methylmercury in rice grown from a mercury mining area.monomethylmercury (ch3hg+ and its complexes; mehg hereafter) is a known developmental neurotoxin. recent studies have shown that rice (oryza sativa l.) grain grown from mercury (hg) mining areas may contain elevated mehg concentrations, raising concerns over the health of local residents who consume rice on a daily basis. an analytical method employing high performance liquid chromatography (hplc)--inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icp-ms) following enzymatic hydrolysis was developed ...201020656392
involvement of tbl/duf231 proteins into cell wall biology.through map-based cloning we determined trichome birefringence (tbr) to belong to a plant-specific, yet anonymous gene family with 46 members in arabidopsis thaliana. these genes all encode the domain of unknown function 231 (duf231). tbr and its homolog trichome birefringence-like3 (tbl3) are transcriptionally coordinated with cellulose synthase (cesa) genes, and loss of tbr or tbl3 results in decreased levels of crystalline secondary wall cellulose in trichomes and stems, respectively. loss of ...201020657172
modified carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase8 expression correlates with altered branching in kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis).• carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (ccd) genes have been demonstrated to play an integral role in the control of branch development in model plants, including arabidopsis, pea (pisum sativum), petunia (petunia hybrida) and rice (oryza sativa). • actinidia chinensis is a woody perennial plant grown for commercial production of kiwifruit. ccd7 and ccd8 genes were isolated from a. chinensis and these genes are predominantly expressed in the roots of kiwifruit. acccd7 and acccd8 were able to compleme ...201020659299
simultaneously improving yield under drought stress and non-stress conditions: a case study of rice (oryza sativa l.).drought is the most important factor limiting rice productivity in the rainfed areas of asia. in this study, 48 pyramiding lines (pls) and their recurrent parent, ir64, were evaluated over two years for their yield performances and related traits under severe drought stress at the reproductive stage (rs), the vegetative stage (vs) and irrigated control in order to understand the relationship between drought tolerance (dt) and yield potential (yp) in rice and their underlying mechanisms. when com ...201020660496
the rice dynamin-related protein drp2b mediates membrane trafficking, and thereby plays a critical role in secondary cell wall cellulose biosynthesis.membrane trafficking between the plasma membrane (pm) and intracellular compartments is an important process that regulates the deposition and metabolism of cell wall polysaccharides. dynamin-related proteins (drps), which function in membrane tubulation and vesiculation are closely associated with cell wall biogenesis. however, the molecular mechanisms by which drps participate in cell wall formation are poorly understood. here, we report the functional characterization of brittle culm3 (bc3), ...201020663087
comparative proteomic analysis provides new insights into the regulation of carbon metabolism during leaf senescence of rice grown under field conditions.in rice (oryza sativa), approximately 60-100% of the carbon in mature grains originates from co(2) assimilation during the grain-filling period, with the flag leaf as the most important contributor to the dry weight accumulation in grains. it is therefore important to understand molecular mechanisms of flag leaf senescence. to investigate the regulation of the metabolic network during leaf senescence, changes in protein expression were analyzed using a comparative proteomic approach during senes ...201020663584
efficient plant gene identification based on interspecies mapping of full-length cdnas.we present an annotation pipeline that accurately predicts exon-intron structures and protein-coding sequences (cdss) on the basis of full-length cdnas (flcdnas). this annotation pipeline was used to identify genes in 10 plant genomes. in particular, we show that interspecies mapping of flcdnas to genomes is of great value in fully utilizing flcdna resources whose availability is limited to several species. because low sequence conservation at 5'- and 3'-ends of flcdnas between different species ...201020668003
the association of multiple interacting genes with specific phenotypes in rice using gene coexpression networks.discovering gene sets underlying the expression of a given phenotype is of great importance, as many phenotypes are the result of complex gene-gene interactions. gene coexpression networks, built using a set of microarray samples as input, can help elucidate tightly coexpressed gene sets (modules) that are mixed with genes of known and unknown function. functional enrichment analysis of modules further subdivides the coexpressed gene set into cofunctional gene clusters that may coexist in the mo ...201020668062
monitoring homologous recombination in rice (oryza sativa l.).here we describe a system to assay homologous recombination during the complete life cycle of rice (oryza sativa l.). rice plants were transformed with two copies of non-functional gus reporter overlap fragments as recombination substrate. recombination was observed in all plant organs examined, from the seed stage until the flowering stage of somatic plant development. embryogenic cells exhibited the highest recombination ability with an average of 3x10(-5) recombination events per genome, whic ...201020670635
transcriptional-metabolic networks in beta-carotene-enriched potato tubers: the long and winding road to the golden phenotype.vitamin a deficiency is a public health problem in a large number of countries. biofortification of major staple crops (wheat [triticum aestivum], rice [oryza sativa], maize [zea mays], and potato [solanum tuberosum]) with β-carotene has the potential to alleviate this nutritional problem. previously, we engineered transgenic "golden" potato tubers overexpressing three bacterial genes for β-carotene synthesis (crtb, crti, and crty, encoding phytoene synthase, phytoene desaturase, and lycopene β- ...201020671108
the tig1 histone deacetylase complex regulates infectious growth in the rice blast fungus magnaporthe oryzae.magnaporthe oryzae is the most damaging fungal pathogen of rice (oryza sativa). in this study, we characterized the tig1 transducin beta-like gene required for infectious growth and its interacting genes that are required for plant infection in this model phytopathogenic fungus. tig1 homologs in yeast and mammalian cells are part of a conserved histone deacetylase (hdac) transcriptional corepressor complex. the tig1 deletion mutant was nonpathogenic and defective in conidiogenesis. it had an inc ...201020675574
testing the recent theories for the origin of the hermaphrodite flower by comparison of the transcriptomes of gymnosperms and angiosperms.different theories for the origin of the angiosperm hermaphrodite flower make different predictions concerning the overlap between the genes expressed in the male and female cones of gymnosperms and the genes expressed in the hermaphrodite flower of angiosperms. the mostly male (mm) theory predicts that, of genes expressed primarily in male versus female gymnosperm cones, an excess of male orthologs will be expressed in flowers, excluding ovules, while out of male (oom) and out of female (oof) t ...201020682074
germin-like proteins (glps) in cereal genomes: gene clustering and dynamic roles in plant defence.the recent release of the genome sequences of a number of crop and model plant species has made it possible to define the genome organisation and functional characteristics of specific genes and gene families of agronomic importance. for instance, sorghum bicolor, maize (zea mays) and brachypodium distachyon genome sequences along with the model grass species rice (oryza sativa) enable the comparative analysis of genes involved in plant defence. germin-like proteins (glps) are a small, functiona ...201020683632
septum formation in amyloplasts produces compound granules in the rice endosperm and is regulated by plastid division proteins.storage tissues such as seed endosperm and tubers store starch in the form of granules in the amyloplast. in the rice (oryza sativa) endosperm, each amyloplast produces compound granules consisting of several dozen polyhedral, sharp-edged and easily separable granules; whereas in other cereals, including wheat (triticum aestivum), barley (hordeum vulgare) and maize (zea mays), each amyloplast synthesizes one granule. despite extensive studies on mutants of starch synthesis in cereals, the molecu ...020685968
genetic and comparative genomics mapping reveals that a powdery mildew resistance gene ml3d232 originating from wild emmer co-segregates with an nbs-lrr analog in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).powdery mildew caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is one of the most important wheat diseases worldwide and breeding for resistance using diversified disease resistance genes is the most promising approach to prevent outbreaks of powdery mildew. a powdery mildew resistance gene, originating from wild emmer wheat (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) accessions collected from israel, has been transferred into the hexaploid wheat line 3d232 through crossing and backcrossing. inoculation res ...201020686747
development of a versatile, target-oriented tiling microarray assay for measuring allele-specific gene expression.in the study of gene expression, it is often desirable to distinguish transcript pools derived from different alleles present in the same organism. we report here an oligonucleotide tiling microarray designed to specifically target 518 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) between the two sequenced rice (oryza sativa) subspecies indica and japonica. the tiling array included all 25-mer probes interrogating each snp by placing the polymorphic site at all 25 possible positions within the probe. t ...201020688151
chromium stress in paddy: (i) nutrient status of paddy under chromium stress; (ii) phytoremediation of chromium by aquatic and terrestrial weeds.a field experiment was conducted with paddy (oryza sativa l.) irrigated with different concentrations (control, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 200 mg/l) of chromium. the changes in growth, yield, nutrient content and chromium accumulation in the paddy are reported. the growth of shoot, root, total leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight and yield of the paddy gradually decreased with increasing cr concentration. similarly, the uptake of macronutrients (n, p, k) and micronutrients (mn, cu, zn, fe) w ...201020688280
functional analysis of the structural domain of arf proteins in rice (oryza sativa l.).auxin response factors (arfs) are key regulators of plant growth and development. through interaction with auxin/indole acetic acid (aux/iaa) proteins, they influence the expression of auxin response genes. an arf gene family has been predicted in rice, but the functions of the individual structural domains of the osarfs remain obscure. bioinformatics was used to analyse the position of the dna-binding domain (dbd), middle region (mr), and c-terminal dimerization domain (ctd) of osarfs, and expe ...201020693412
expression, purification and crystallization of a plant type iii polyketide synthase that produces diarylheptanoids.curcuminoid synthase (cus) from oryza sativa is a plant-specific type iii polyketide synthase that catalyzes the one-pot formation of bisdemethoxycurcumin by the condensation of two molecules of 4-coumaroyl-coa and one molecule of malonyl-coa. recombinant cus was expressed in escherichia coli and crystallized by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. the crystals belonged to space group p2(1), with unit-cell parameters a=72.7, b=97.2, c=126.2 a, alpha=gamma=90.0, beta=103.7 degrees. a diffrac ...201020693677
multiple distinct small rnas originate from the same microrna precursors.micrornas (mirnas), which originate from precursor transcripts with stem-loop structures, are essential gene expression regulators in eukaryotes.201020696037
identification of a novel iron regulated basic helix-loop-helix protein involved in fe homeostasis in oryza sativa.iron (fe) is the most limiting micronutrient element for crop production in alkaline soils. a number of transcription factors involved in regulating fe uptake from soil and transport in plants have been identified. analysis of transcriptome data from oryza sativa grown under limiting fe conditions reveals that transcript abundances of several genes encoding transcription factors are altered by fe availability. these transcription factors are putative regulators of fe deficiency responses.201020699001
complete loss of photoperiodic response in the rice mutant line x61 is caused by deficiency of phytochrome chromophore biosynthesis gene.in rice (oryza sativa), a short-day plant, photoperiod is the most favorable external signal for floral induction because of the constant seasonal change throughout the years. compared with arabidopsis, however, a large part of the regulation mechanism of the photoperiodic response in rice still remains unclear due mainly to the lack of induced mutant genes. an induced mutant line x61 flowers 35 days earlier than its original variety gimbozu under a natural photoperiod in kyoto (35°01'n). we att ...201120700573
distribution and translocation of selenium from soil to grain and its speciation in paddy rice (oryza sativa l.).selenium, an essential micronutrient for humans, is insufficient in dietary intake for millions of people worldwide. rice as the most popular staple food in the world is one of the dominant selenium (se) sources for people. the distribution and translocation of se from soil to grain were investigated in a se-rich environment in this study. the se levels in soils ranged widely from 0.5 to 47.7 mg kg(-1). selenium concentration in rice bran was 1.94 times higher than that in corresponding polished ...201020701283
cultivated and weedy rice interactions and the domestication process.examining the targets of selection in crop species and their wild and weedy relatives sheds light on the evolutionary processes underlying differentiation of cultivars from progenitor lineages. on one hand, human-mediated directional selection in crops favours traits associated with the streamlining of controllable and predictable monoculture practices alongside selection for desired trait values. on the other hand, natural selection in wild and especially weedy relatives presumably favours trai ...201020701682
[isolation of osfad2, osfad6 and fad family members response to abiotic stresses in oryza sativa l.].unsaturated fatty acids are synthesized by fatty acid desaturase in plant, which play an important role in plant development and defense to abiotic stresses. the key enzymes for the conversion of oleic into linoleic acid were isolated from rice (oryza sativa l.) and were designated osfad2 and osfad6, respectively. the open reading frame (orf) of osfad2 was 1 167 bp in length, which encoded a 388 amino acids sequence with the isoelectric point of 8.17 and molecular mass of 52.24 kda, the osfad2 p ...201020709682
integrated proteomic and cytological study of rice endosperms at the storage phase.the endosperm at the storage phase undergoes a series of coordinated cellular and metabolic events, including starchy endosperm cell death, starch synthesis, and starch granule packaging, which leads to efficient accumulation of starch. however, the mechanism underlying the interconnections remains unknown. we used integrated proteomic and cytological approaches to probe the interconnections in rice (oryza sativa) endosperm at the storage phase from 12 to 18 days after flowering (daf). starch gr ...201020712379
coexpression analysis identifies rice starch regulator1, a rice ap2/erebp family transcription factor, as a novel rice starch biosynthesis regulator.starch biosynthesis is important for plant development and is a critical factor in crop quality and nutrition. as a complex metabolic pathway, the regulation of starch biosynthesis is still poorly understood. we here present the identification of candidate regulators for starch biosynthesis by gene coexpression analysis in rice (oryza sativa). starch synthesis genes can be grouped into type i (in seeds; sink tissues) and type ii (in vegetative tissues; source tissues), and 307 and 621 coexpresse ...201020713616
characterization of the molecular mechanism underlying gibberellin perception complex formation in rice.the della protein slender rice1 (slr1) is a repressor of gibberellin (ga) signaling in rice (oryza sativa), and most of the ga-associated responses are induced upon slr1 degradation. it is assumed that interaction between gibberellin insensitive dwarf1 (gid1) and the n-terminal della/tvhynp motif of slr1 triggers f-box protein gid2-mediated slr1 degradation. we identified a semidominant dwarf mutant, slr1-d4, which contains a mutation in the region encoding the c-terminal gras domain of slr1 (sl ...201020716699
a core collection and mini core collection of oryza sativa l. in china.the extent of and accessibility to genetic variation in a large germplasm collection are of interest to biologists and breeders. construction of core collections (cc) is a favored approach to efficient exploration and conservation of novel variation in genetic resources. using 4,310 chinese accessions of oryza sativa l. and 36 ssr markers, we investigated the genetic variation in different sized sub-populations, the factors that affect cc size and different sampling strategies in establishing cc ...201120717799
pmirkb: a plant microrna knowledge base.micrornas (mirnas), one type of small rnas (srnas) in plants, play an essential role in gene regulation. several mirna databases were established; however, successively generated new datasets need to be collected, organized and analyzed. to this end, we have constructed a plant mirna knowledge base (pmirkb) that provides four major functional modules. in the 'snp' module, single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) data of seven arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) accessions and 21 rice (oryza sativa) s ...201120719744
analysis of the rice mitochondrial carrier family reveals anaerobic accumulation of a basic amino acid carrier involved in arginine metabolism during seed germination.given the substantial changes in mitochondrial gene expression, the mitochondrial proteome, and respiratory function during rice (oryza sativa) germination under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, we have attempted to identify changes in mitochondrial membrane transport capacity during these processes. we have assembled a preliminary rice mitochondrial carrier gene family of 50 members, defined its orthology to carriers of known function, and observed significant changes in microarray expression ...201020720170
generation of marker-free bt transgenic indica rice and evaluation of its yellow stem borer resistance.we report on generation of marker-free (‘clean dna’) transgenic rice (oryza sativa), carrying minimal gene-expression-cassettes of the genes of interest, and evaluation of its resistance to yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas (lepidoptera: pyralidae). the transgenic indica rice harbours a translational fusion of 2 different bacillus thuringiensis (bt) genes, namely cry1b-1aa, driven by the green-tissue-specific phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase (pepc) promoter. mature seed-derive ...201020720299
high frequency plant regeneration from mature seed of elite, recalcitrant malaysian indica rice ( oryza sativa l.) cv. mr 219.an efficient in vitro plant regeneration system was established for elite, recalcitrant malaysian indica rice, oryza sativa l. cv. mr 219 using mature seeds as explant on murashige and skoog and chu n6 media containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and kinetin either alone or in different combinations. l-proline, casein hydrolysate and l-glutamine were added to callus induction media for enhancement of embryogenic callus induction. the highest frequency of friable callus induction (84%) was ob ...201020724277
soluble sugar availability of aerobically germinated barley, oat and rice coleoptiles in anoxia.physiological and metabolic responses to anoxia were compared for aerobically germinated seedlings of barley (hordeum vulgare), oat (avena sativa) and rice (oryza sativa). coleoptile growth of barley, oat and rice seedlings was suppressed by a 24 h-anoxic stress, but the growth of the rice coleoptiles was much greater than that of the barley and oat coleoptiles. atp concentration in the anoxic rice coleoptiles was greater than that in the anoxic barley and oat coleoptiles. concentrations of etha ...201020727618
genome-wide identification and analysis of drought-responsive micrornas in oryza sativa.in addition to regulating growth and development, the most important function of micrornas (mirnas) in plants is the regulation of a variety of cellular processes underlying plant adaptation to environmental stresses. to gain a deep understanding of the mechanism of drought tolerance in rice, genome-wide profiling and analysis of mirnas was carried out in drought-challenged rice across a wide range of developmental stages, from tillering to inflorescence formation, using a microarray platform. a ...201020729483
histopathology and the lethal effect of cry proteins and strains of bacillus thuringiensis berliner in spodoptera frugiperda j.e. smith caterpillars (lepidoptera, noctuidae).among the phytophagous insects which attack crops, the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith, 1797) (lepidoptera, noctuidae) is particularly harmful in the initial growth phase of rice plants. as a potential means of controlling this pest, and considering that the entomopathogen bacillus thuringiensis berliner demonstrates toxicity due to synthesis of the cry protein, the present study was undertaken to evaluate this toxic effect of b. thuringiensis thuringiensis 407 (ph 408) and b. t ...201020730357
synchrotron x-ray imaging for nondestructive monitoring of sap flow dynamics through xylem vessel elements in rice leaves.a comprehensive understanding of the sap flow dynamics and xylem hydraulic properties is essential to unravel the functional features of water transport from roots to shoots in vascular plants. to evaluate quantitatively the safety and efficiency of this system, nondestructive methods to assess the interactions between sap ascent kinetics and xylem structure are required. in this study, synchrotron x-ray microscopy was employed to observe anatomical structures and sap flow dynamics in rice (oryz ...201020735745
Refresh
firstprev
...31323334353637383940...
nextlast
Displaying items 3701 - 3800 of 8745