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target- and resistance-based mechanistic studies with tp-434, a novel fluorocycline antibiotic.tp-434 is a novel, broad-spectrum fluorocycline antibiotic with activity against bacteria expressing major antibiotic resistance mechanisms, including tetracycline-specific efflux and ribosomal protection. the mechanism of action of tp-434 was assessed using both cell-based and in vitro assays. in escherichia coli cells expressing recombinant tetracycline resistance genes, the mic of tp-434 (0.063 μg/ml) was unaffected by tet(m), tet(k), and tet(b) and increased to 0.25 and 4 μg/ml in the presen ...201222354310
an increased incidence of propionibacterium acnes biofilms in acne vulgaris: a case-control study.acne vulgaris is a disorder of the sebaceous follicles. propionibacterium acnes can be involved in inflammatory acne.201222356121
effects of 420-nm intense pulsed light in an acne animal model.blue light in the 400-420 nm range has been shown to reduce the levels of propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) in the skin. p. acnes has been postulated to be a critical trigger for inflammatory acne. thus, treatment with 420 nm-intense pulsed light should reduce inflammatory activity in acne.201322364124
effect of lactobacillus reuteri on the proliferation of propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus epidermidis.while it is generally accepted that propionibacterium acnes is involved in the development of acne, other bacteria including staphylococcus epidermidis have also been isolated from the acne lesion. the interaction between lactobacillus reuteri, a probiotic bacterium, and acnegenic bacteria is unclear. this study examined the effects of l. reuteri on the proliferation of p. acnes and s. epidermidis. human-derived l. reuteri strains (kctc 3594 and kctc 3678) and rat-derived l. reuteri kctc 3679 we ...201222367948
peptides with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities that have therapeutic potential for treatment of acne vulgaris.the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris is multifactorial involving infection of the pilosebaceous unit with propionibacterium acnes and a cytokine-mediated inflammatory response. five frog skin-derived antimicrobial peptides ([d4k]ascaphin-8, [g4k]xt-7, [t5k]temporin-dra, brevinin-2gu, and b2rp-era), chosen for their low hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes, were assessed for their effects on the growth of clinical isolates of p. acnes and on the release of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflamma ...201222374306
complete genome sequences of three propionibacterium acnes isolates from the type ia(2) cluster.propionibacterium acnes is an anaerobic gram-positive bacterium that has been linked to a wide range of opportunistic human infections and conditions, most notably acne vulgaris (i. kurokawa et al., exp. dermatol. 18:821-832, 2009). we now present the whole-genome sequences of three p. acnes strains from the type ia(2) cluster which were recovered from ophthalmic infections (a. mcdowell et al., microbiology 157:1990-2003, 2011).201222374954
subgingival microbial profiles of generalized aggressive and chronic periodontal diseases.the aim of this study was to distinguish between generalized aggressive (gagp) and chronic periodontitis (cp) based on the subgingival microbial profiles predominant in these diseases.201222377404
novel anti-acne actions of nadifloxacin and clindamycin that inhibit the production of sebum, prostaglandin e(2) and promatrix metalloproteinase-2 in hamster sebocytes.acne vulgaris is characteristic of excess sebum production and the induction of inflammatory reactions, for example, the augmentation of cytokine, prostaglandin (pg) and matrix metalloproteinase (mmp) production in sebaceous glands and pilosebaceous units. as propionibacterium acnes is considered to be involved in the aggravation of acne vulgaris, antimicrobial agents have been found to be effective for treating acne leading to the remission of inflammation. however, it is not fully understood w ...201222394009
optimizing topical combination therapy for the treatment of acne vulgaris.given the multifactorial and complex contributors to acne development, combination therapy is standard of care. by addressing multiple pathogenic factors, combination therapy provides a quicker and more efficacious treatment outcome than monotherapy. topical retinoids normalize follicular keratinocyte differentiation and are anti-inflammatory. their use is limited by the potential for cutaneous irritation. antimicrobials reduce propionibacterium acnes colonization on the skin and reduce the bact ...201222395581
propionibacterium acnes brain abscess in a patient with hiv-1 infection. 201222403028
cardiovascular implantable electronic device endocarditis treated with daptomycin with or without transvenous removal.nine patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic device (cied) endocarditis were treated with daptomycin after the failure of previous treatment. the blood and cied lead cultures of 1 patient were negative. in the other 8 patients, we observed 6 monomicrobic infections and 2 polymicrobic infections. overall, 10 strains were isolated in these patients: 4 methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus, 2 methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus epidermidis, 1 methicillin-resistant staphylococcus ...201322436967
efficacy of surgical preparation solutions in lumbar spine surgery.postoperative spinal wound infections are relatively common and are often associated with increased morbidity and poor long-term patient outcomes. the purposes of this study were to identify the common bacterial flora on the skin overlying the lumbar spine and evaluate the efficacy of readily available skin-preparation solutions in the elimination of bacterial pathogens from the surgical site following skin preparation.201222437997
propionibacterium acnes delayed infection following spinal surgery with instrumentation.propionibacterium acnes detection in culture media was previously considered a contamination but recently its infectious role was discovered in post-spinal surgery infections. p. acnes might be introduced during surgery. its diagnosis is based on non-specific clinical signs, image indications of infection, and the conclusive microbiological sign. furthermore, its diagnosis is difficult because of slow growth rate and low virulence, delaying its presentation. usually, the infection is manifested ...201322441672
adjuvant effect of killed propionibacterium acnes on mouse peritoneal b-1 lymphocytes and their early phagocyte differentiation.b-1 lymphocytes are the predominant cells in mouse peritoneal cavity. they express macrophage and lymphocyte markers and are divided into b-1a, b-1b and b-1c subtypes. the role of b-1 cells is not completely clear, but they are responsible for natural igm production and seem to play a regulatory role. an enriched b-1b cell population can be obtained from non-adherent peritoneal cell cultures, and we have previously demonstrated that these cells undergo differentiation to acquire a mononuclear ph ...201222448280
comparative analysis of mycobacterium and related actinomycetes yields insight into the evolution of mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis.the sequence of the pathogen mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) strain h37rv has been available for over a decade, but the biology of the pathogen remains poorly understood. genome sequences from other mtb strains and closely related bacteria present an opportunity to apply the power of comparative genomics to understand the evolution of mtb pathogenesis. we conducted a comparative analysis using 31 genomes from the tuberculosis database (tbdb.org), including 8 strains of mtb and m. bovis, 11 addi ...201222452820
acne sans p. acnes.acne vulgaris is a common disease that carries an enormous financial and psychosocial impact. androgens, excessive sebum production, ductal hypercornification, changes in the microbial flora, as well as inflammation and immunological host reactions are considered the major contributors to acne pathogenesis. despite extensive research on acne pathogenesis, the exact sequence of events and their possible mechanisms leading to the development of a microcomedone and its transformation into an inflam ...201322458782
thirty years of research on infection and prostate cancer: no conclusive evidence for a link. a systematic review.the potential role of genitourinary infection in the etiology of prostate cancer (cap) has been extensively investigated for 30 years. two basic approaches have been used: tissue-based methods (polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization) and serologic assays (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, etc.). the objective of this review was to answer the question of whether infection of the male genitourinary tract may have a role in the etiology of ca ...201322459691
generation and characterization of chicken egg yolk antibodies against propionibacterium acnes for the prevention of acne vulgaris.antigen-specific antibody has been widely used for immunological analysis in the field of diagnosis as well as in pure scientific research, where the igy antibodies can be raised against p acnes antigen.201222470202
crispr/cas loci of type ii propionibacterium acnes confer immunity against acquisition of mobile elements present in type i p. acnes.propionibacterium acnes is a skin commensal that occasionally acts as an opportunistic pathogen. the population structure of this species shows three main lineages (i-iii). while type i strains are mainly associated with sebaceous follicles of human skin and inflammatory acne, types ii and iii strains are more often associated with deep tissue infections. we investigated the occurrence and distribution of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr) in p. acnes, assesse ...201222479553
microbial spectrum and resistance patterns in endophthalmitis: a 21-year (1988-2008) review in northeast united states.to study the microbial spectrum and antibacterial susceptibility of vitreous cultures in a tertiary referral center in northeast united states.201222506856
pattern of tissue invasion by propionibacterium acnes in acne vulgaris. 201222510385
systemic isotretinoin therapy normalizes exaggerated tlr-2-mediated innate immune responses in acne patients.retinoids are used in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases and malignancies, but studies characterizing the in vivo actions of these drugs in humans are lacking. isotretinoin is a pro-drug for all-trans retinoic acid, which can induce long-term remissions of acne; however, its complete mechanism of action is unknown. we hypothesized that isotretinoin induces remission of acne by normalizing the innate immune response to the commensal bacterium propionibacterium acnes. compared with normal ...201222513780
periprosthetic infections after total shoulder arthroplasty: a 33-year perspective.to examine the rates and predictors of deep periprosthetic infections after primary total shoulder arthroplasty (tsa).201222516570
de novo synthesis of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid in oleaginous yeast yarrowia lipolytica.conjugated linoleic acid (cla) has many well-documented beneficial physiological effects. due to the insufficient natural supply of cla and low specificity of chemically produced cla, an effective and isomer-specific production process is required for medicinal and nutritional purposes.201222545818
dual analysis for mycobacteria and propionibacteria in sarcoidosis bal.sarcoidosis is a non-caseating granulomatous disease for which a role for infectious antigens continues to strengthen. recent studies have reported molecular evidence of mycobacteria or propionibacteria. we assessed for immune responses against mycobacterial and propionibacterial antigens in sarcoidosis bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) using flow cytometry, and localized signals consistent with microbial antigens with sarcoidosis specimens, using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization imaging m ...201222552860
pathogen characteristics and its sensitivity against antimicrobial agents in fatal bacterial granuloma after eyelid trauma in vitro.to understand the pathogen characteristics and its sensitivity against antimicrobial agents in fatal bacterial granuloma after eyelid trauma (fbgt) in vitro, and to provide laboratory evidence for diagnosis.201122553692
propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) resistance and antibiotic use in patients attending australian general practice.antibiotic resistance in the community, including transfer between bacteria, is a growing concern for clinicians. acne is commonly treated in general practice, sometimes with antibiotics. the aim of this study is to measure the rate of carriage of antibiotic resistant propionibacterium acnes 10 years apart in general practice and the relationship of resistance to type of treatment, as well potential effects on other flora.201222571557
syk/src pathway-targeted inhibition of skin inflammatory responses by carnosic acid.carnosic acid (ca) is a diterpene compound exhibiting antioxidative, anticancer, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-metabolic disorder, and hepatoprotective and neuroprotective activities. in this study, the effect of ca on various skin inflammatory responses and its inhibitory mechanism were examined. ca strongly suppressed the production of il-6, il-8, and mcp-1 from keratinocyte hacat cells stimulated with sodium lauryl sulfate (sls) and retinoic acid (ra). in addition, ca blocked the r ...201222577255
localization of propionibacterium acnes in granulomas supports a possible etiologic link between sarcoidosis and the bacterium.sarcoidosis likely results from the exposure of a genetically susceptible subject to an environmental agent, possibly an infectious one. mycobacterial and propionibacterial organisms are the most commonly implicated potential etiologic agents. propionibacterium acnes is the only microorganism, however, found in sarcoid lesions by bacterial culture. to evaluate the pathogenic role of this indigenous bacterium, we screened for the bacterium in sarcoid and non-sarcoid tissues using immunohistochemi ...201222596102
multilocus sequence typing and repetitive-sequence-based pcr (diversilab) for molecular epidemiological characterization of propionibacterium acnes isolates of heterogeneous origin.propionibacterium acnes is a gram-positive bacillus predominantly found on the skin. although it is considered an opportunistic pathogen it is also been associated with severe infections. some specific p. acnes subtypes are hypothesized to be more prone to cause infection than others. thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the ability to discriminate between p. acnes isolates of a refined multilocus sequence typing (mlst) method and a genotyping method, diversilab, based on repeti ...201222609518
anti propionibacterium acnes activity of rhodomyrtone, an effective compound from rhodomyrtus tomentosa (aiton) hassk. leaves.propionibacterium acnes have been recognized as one of the main causative agents in pathogenesis of acne. twenty one isolates of p. acnes isolated from acne lesions were screened for lipase and protease activity which are reported to be associated in acne and inflammation. interestingly, all p. acnes isolates demonstrated lipase activity. similarly, 90% of test p. acnes produced protease enzyme. antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of rhodomyrtus tomentosa (aiton) hassk. leaves and rhod ...201222626672
draft genome sequence of an antibiotic-resistant propionibacterium acnes strain, prp-38, from the novel type ic cluster.propionibacterium acnes, a non-spore-forming, anaerobic gram-positive bacterium, is most notably recognized for its association with acne vulgaris (i. kurokawa et al., exp. dermatol. 18:821-832, 2009). we now present the draft genome sequence of an antibiotic-resistant p. acnes strain, prp-38, isolated from an acne patient in the united kingdom and belonging to the novel type ic cluster.201222628495
what's new in antibiotics in the management of acne?acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit with a multifactorial pathogenesis. topical and oral antibiotics are a mainstay treatment for inflammatory acne lesions and are widely utilized for all levels of disease severity. over the past forty years, a gradual increase in antibacterial-resistant strains of propionibacterium acnes has changed the way practitioners use antibiotics to manage acne. updated recommendations call for avoiding antibiotic monotherapy and pre ...201222648324
pacemaker endocarditis caused by propionibacterium acnes: a case report.a 74-year-old man, with a permanent pacemaker placed 2 years ago for high-grade atrioventricular block, was admitted for worsening fatigue, confusion, and thrombocytopenic purpura without fever. white blood cell count and c-reactive protein were elevated, and echocardiography revealed a 6 × 3-cm echogenic mass surrounding the pacemaker leads. multiple blood cultures were performed, and only 1 bottle grew propionibacterium acnes at 93 hours. the patient underwent surgery, and 16s rrna gene polyme ...201222652170
polyphenon-60 displays a therapeutic effect on acne by suppression of tlr2 and il-8 expression via down-regulating the erk1/2 pathway.propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) is a well-known acne-inducing factor which causes inflammatory skin lesions by enhancing cytokine production through toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2). green tea extract catechin has been documented to possess anti-inflammatory effects. however, little is known about the mechanisms involved or any direct effect of green tea catechin on acne. the present study investigated the therapeutic effects and mechanism of polyphenon-60, also known as green tea catechin compoun ...201222684779
comprehensive analysis of bacterial flora in postoperative maxillary cyst fluid by 16s rrna gene and culture methods.intracystic fluid was aseptically collected from 11 patients with postoperative maxillary cyst (pomc), and dna was extracted from the pomc fluid. bacterial species were identified by sequencing after cloning of approximately 580 bp of the 16s rrna gene. identification of pathogenic bacteria was also performed by culture methods. the phylogenetic identity was determined by sequencing 517-596 bp in each of the 1139 16s rrna gene clones. a total of 1114 clones were classified while the remaining 25 ...201222685668
evaluation of the andromas matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry system for identification of aerobically growing gram-positive bacilli.matrix-associated laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) is a rapid and simple microbial identification method. previous reports using the biotyper system suggested that this technique requires a preliminary extraction step to identify gram-positive rods (gprs), a technical issue that may limit the routine use of this technique to identify pathogenic gprs in the clinical setting. we tested the accuracy of the maldi-tof ms andromas strategy to identify a set o ...201222692743
injection-induced low-grade infection of the shoulder joint: preliminary results.purulent arthritis of the shoulder has been widely reported. low-grade post-operative infections of the shoulder have also been observed. low-grade infections of the shoulder without prior surgery have not been reported in the literature. the purpose of this study is to present our experience of seven patients with low-grade infections of the shoulder without a history of prior surgery.201222707212
detection of bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates by a sensitive flow cytometric assay (bactiflow): a multicentre validation study.bacterial contamination of platelet concentrates (pcs) still represents an ongoing risk. as a result of septic complications, particularly observed with older pcs, the shelf life of pcs has been reduced in germany to 4 days. in this study, bacterial screening of pcs by bactiflow (bf) flow cytometry was introduced in three german blood services to evaluate the robustness and applicability of the assay. results were used to discuss the potential for the extension of pc shelf life to 5 days.201222724544
[bacterial contamination of needles after intravitreal injection in paraguay].the study was designed to prospectively evaluate the bacterial contamination of needles used for intravitreal injection during surgery.201222733287
effectiveness of 1.25 % povidone-iodine combined with topical levofloxacin against conjunctival flora in intravitreal injection.to compare the effect of a reduced concentration (1.25 %) of povidone-iodine (pi) eye drops, combined with 0.5 % topical levofloxacin (lvfx), with that of the standard of care (5 % pi) on conjunctival flora before intravitreal injections (ivt).201222740305
tlr9-dependent and independent pathways drive activation of the immune system by propionibacterium acnes.propionibacterium acnes is usually a relatively harmless commensal. however, under certain, poorly understood conditions it is implicated in the etiology of specific inflammatory diseases. in mice, p. acnes exhibits strong immunomodulatory activity leading to splenomegaly, intrahepatic granuloma formation, hypersensitivity to tlr ligands and endogenous cytokines, and enhanced resistance to infection. all these activities reach a maximum one week after p. acnes priming and require ifn-γ and tlr9. ...201222745710
propionibacterium acnes host cell tropism contributes to vimentin-mediated invasion and induction of inflammation.the contribution of the human microbiota to health and disease is poorly understood. propionibacterium acnes is a prominent member of the skin microbiota, but is also associated with acne vulgaris. this bacterium has gained recent attention as a potential opportunistic pathogen at non-skin infection sites due to its association with chronic pathologies and its isolation from diseased prostates. we performed comparative global-transcriptional analyses for p. acnes infection of keratinocytes and p ...201222759266
[intermittent prolonged fever triggered by efforts].fever of unknown origin is a common reason for care in internal medicine. the wide variety of possible etiologies makes it difficult to standardize the diagnostic work-up that has to be primarily guided by the interview and physical examination.201222766160
the effect of benzoyl peroxide 9.8% emollient foam on reduction of propionibacterium acnes on the back using a short contact therapy approach.benzoyl peroxide (bp) exerts its therapeutic effect for acne vulgaris through reduction of propionibacterium acnes. a 1.0 to 2.0 log reduction in p acnes has been demonstrated primarily on the face with use of "leave-on" bp formulations, but also with some bp cleansers. in addition to use for facial acne vulgaris, cleanser formulations of bp are commonly used for truncal acne vulgaris due to ease of use on a large body-surface area and to avoid bleaching of fabric. to date, evaluation of p acnes ...201222777224
antibiotic resistance of microbial strains isolated from korean acne patients.over several decades, topical and systemic antibiotics have been the mainstay of treatment for acne vulgaris. the widespread and long-term use of antibiotics in the treatment of acne has resulted in the spread of resistant bacterial strains and treatment failure. we aimed to examine the bacteriology of acne vulgaris and to evaluate its susceptibility to the antibiotics widely used for acne in korea. we examined the species of bacteria aerobically and anaerobically isolated from 100 korean acne p ...201222779738
association of propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis with hla-dqw5.an hla-dq1 association has been suspected in patients who develop propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis following cataract surgery. new techniques exist which may help to define this association.199622827330
clinical pathologic findings of propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis.the autors presented two typical cases of patients who were infected with propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) after intraocular lens implantation. the patients were treated successfully by the removal of the intraocular lens and the residual lens capsule, and the administration of intravitreal vacomycin. the histopathology illustrated numerous prokaryote bacilli surrounding the lens material without inflammatory reaction. the thickened bacterial cell wall structure may relate to the resistance of ...199622827335
bacteriology of degenerated lumbar intervertebral disks.a prospective microbiological analysis of intervertebral disk material in surgically treated patients presenting lumbar disk degeneration.201222832554
steroidal saponins with antimicrobial activity from stems and leaves of paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis.rhizoma paridis, the root of paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (trilliaceae), is a chinese traditional medicine, which resources become less and less. however, the aerial parts of this herb, which can regenerate every year, were discarded. in order to expand the resources, detailed chemical investigation on the stems and leaves of paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis led to isolation of one sapogenin and 24 steroidal saponins (1-25), including 6 new glycosides, named chonglouosides sl-1-sl-6 (1-6). ...201222846376
blue light for infectious diseases: propionibacterium acnes, helicobacter pylori, and beyond?blue light, particularly in the wavelength range of 405-470 nm, has attracted increasing attention due to its intrinsic antimicrobial effect without the addition of exogenous photosensitizers. in addition, it is commonly accepted that blue light is much less detrimental to mammalian cells than ultraviolet irradiation, which is another light-based antimicrobial approach being investigated. in this review, we discussed the blue light sensing systems in microbial cells, antimicrobial efficacy of bl ...201222846406
sarcoid-like reaction in cryptococcus neoformans infection.we report a patient with cryptococcus (c.) neoformans infection, who developed a case of sarcoid-like reaction (slr). there have been reports of slrs associated with malignancies. although differentiating sarcoidosis from slr is difficult, the patient was diagnosed as slr because propionibacterium acnes bacterial (pab) antibody staining of biopsy specimens was negative and the chest radiological findings improved after antifungal treatment. to our knowledge, this is the first report of slr occur ...201222847562
bacteria on catheters in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.peritonitis is the leading cause of morbidity for peritoneal dialysis (pd) patients, and microbial biofilms have previously been identified on catheters from infected patients. however, few studies of catheters from patients without clinical signs of infection have been undertaken. the aim of the present study was to investigate the extent to which bacteria are present on catheters from pd patients with no symptoms of infection.201522855889
an expanded multilocus sequence typing scheme for propionibacterium acnes: investigation of 'pathogenic', 'commensal' and antibiotic resistant strains.the gram-positive bacterium propionibacterium acnes is a member of the normal human skin microbiota and is associated with various infections and clinical conditions. there is tentative evidence to suggest that certain lineages may be associated with disease and others with health. we recently described a multilocus sequence typing scheme (mlst) for p. acnes based on seven housekeeping genes (http://pubmlst.org/pacnes). we now describe an expanded eight gene version based on six housekeeping gen ...201222859988
sampling and detection of skin propionibacterium acnes: current status.a connection between acne vulgaris and propionibacterium acnes has long been suggested. over the years, several human skin microbiota sampling methods have been evolved and applied, e.g. swab, scrape, extraction techniques including cyanoacrylate gel sampling as well as punch biopsy. collected samples have been processed following various methodologies ranging from culture studies to probe labelling and molecular analysis. direct visualization techniques have recently shown the existence of anat ...201222877737
anti-inflammatory effects of a polyphenols-rich extract from tea (camellia sinensis) flowers in acute and chronic mice models.while beneficial health properties of tea leaves have been extensively studied, less attention is paid to the flowers of tea. in this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of hot water extract of tea (camellia sinensis) flowers were investigated. pharmacological studies found that administration of tea flowers extract (tfe) could effectively inhibit croton oil-induced ear edema and carrageenin-induced paw edema. furthermore, administration of tfe also protected against propionibacterium acnes (p. ...201222900128
time series community genomics analysis reveals rapid shifts in bacterial species, strains, and phage during infant gut colonization.the gastrointestinal microbiome undergoes shifts in species and strain abundances, yet dynamics involving closely related microorganisms remain largely unknown because most methods cannot resolve them. we developed new metagenomic methods and utilized them to track species and strain level variations in microbial communities in 11 fecal samples collected from a premature infant during the first month of life. ninety six percent of the sequencing reads were assembled into scaffolds of >500 bp in ...201322936250
wild bitter melon (momordica charantia linn. var. abbreviata ser.) extract and its bioactive components suppress propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammation.in this study, we aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of wild bitter melons (wbm; momordica charantia linn. var. abbreviata ser.) on propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammation and to identify the bioactive components. our results showed that ethyl acetate (ea) extract of wbm fruit in vitro potently suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase (mmp)-9 levels in p. acnes-stimulated thp-1 cells. furthermore, concomitant intradermal injection of wbm ea extract in mice effe ...201222953813
antibiotic susceptibility in prostate-derived propionibacterium acnes isolates.the aim of this study was to determine antibiotic susceptibility of propionibacterium acnes isolates from prostate. prostate-derived p. acnes isolates (n = 24, umeå & örebro, sweden, 2007-2010) and a panel of control strains (n = 25, sweden) collected from skin and deep infections were assessed for resistance to penicillin g, piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, gentamicin, azithromycin, erythromycin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, tetracycline, tigecycline, fusidic acid, clindamycin, ri ...201222958285
propionibacterium acnes: an underestimated etiology in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis?propionibacterium acnes is a common pathogen in infections after shoulder surgery. recent reports found positive p acnes cultures in a high percentage of patients who had revision shoulder arthroplasty for "aseptic loosening" without any overt signs of infection. isolation of p acnes is difficult, and by use of conventional microbiological protocols of 48-hour incubation, a considerable proportion of patients with possible p acnes infection may remain unidentified. we recently noted p acnes in s ...201322981447
clinical meaning of unexpected positive cultures (upc) in revision shoulder arthroplasty.this study analyzed the prevalence and clinical meaning of unexpected positive cultures (upcs) in revision shoulder arthroplasty for causes different than infection.201322981448
no link between rosacea and propionibacterium acnes.rosacea is a common skin disease in adults affecting mainly the facial skin. although inflammation appears to play a pathogenic role in rosacea, initiating factors are largely unknown. microbial involvement in the development of rosacea has been suggested previously. we aimed to visualize propionibacterium acnes in the skin compartments of rosacea patients. facial skin biopsies from 82 rosacea patients and 25 controls were stained with a p. acnes-specific monoclonal antibody (qubpa3). seven of 8 ...201223009116
propionibacterium acnes bacteriophages display limited genetic diversity and broad killing activity against bacterial skin isolates.investigation of the human microbiome has revealed diverse and complex microbial communities at distinct anatomic sites. the microbiome of the human sebaceous follicle provides a tractable model in which to study its dominant bacterial inhabitant, propionibacterium acnes, which is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of the human disease acne. to explore the diversity of the bacteriophages that infect p. acnes, 11 p. acnes phages were isolated from the sebaceous follicles of donors with hea ...201223015740
th1 and th17 immune responses to viable propionibacterium acnes in patients with sarcoidosis.propionibacterium acnes and mycobacterium tuberculosis have emerged as probable candidates responsible for sarcoidosis. this study was conducted to investigate the th1/th17 responses elicited by these pathogens in sarcoidosis and to clarify the causative role of these pathogens.201223021769
antibiotic resistance in acne treatment.propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) is an anaerobic bacteria implicated in the pathogenesis of acne. the last 30 years have witnessed an alarming increase in resistance to antibiotics commonly employed to treat acne. antibiotic resistance in acne represents a significant international public health concern because resistance can occur in more pathogenic bacteria than p. acnes, and an increase in pathogenic p. acnes has been reported. current treatment guidelines offer strategies to limit the pote ...201223032935
meibomitis-related keratoconjunctivitis: implications and clinical significance of meibomian gland inflammation.meibomian gland inflammation, "meibomitis," is associated with ocular surface inflammatory diseases. however, these diseases are poorly defined clinically, making effective treatment difficult. herein, we propose a new disease subset, termed meibomitis-related keratoconjunctivitis (mrkc). the ocular surface features of mrkc include: meibomitis with redness and swelling of the eyelid margin and palpebral conjunctiva; superficial vascularization and granulomatous nodules in the cornea; and conjunc ...201223038034
microbial contamination assessment of cryostored autogenous cranial bone flaps: should bone biopsies or swabs be performed?autogenous cranioplasty infection requiring bone flap removal is under-recognised as a major complication causing significant morbidity. microbial contamination of stored bone flaps may be a significant contributing factor. current infection control practices and storage procedures vary. it is not known whether 'superficial' swabs or bone cultures provide a more accurate assessment.201323053290
the flexible gene pool of propionibacterium acnes.propionibacterium acnes is a gram-positive bacterium that is intimately associated with humans. the nature and consequences of this symbiosis are poorly understood; it might comprise both mutualistic and parasitic properties. recent advances in distinguishing phylotypes of p. acnes have revealed that certain type i lineages are predominantly associated with acne vulgaris. genome analyses revealed a highly conserved core genome and the existence of island-like genomic regions and possible mobile ...201223061021
synthesis and biological activity of a novel series of 17-azapentacyclo [6.6.5.0(2.7).0(9.14).0(15,19)]nonadeca-2,4,6,9,11,13-hexaen-16,18-dione derivatives.in the search for novel antimicrobial agents, a series of new derivatives - n-substituted imides were prepared. all of the compounds were characterized by 'h nmr and esi ms spectra. these derivatives were tested for antimicrobial activity. microorganisms used in this study included aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and obligatory anaerobes such as bacteroides fragilis, bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and propion ...201223061286
diagnosis and treatment of acne.acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is the most common skin disorder in the united states. therapy targets the four factors responsible for lesion formation: increased sebum production, hyperkeratinization, colonization by propionibacterium acnes, and the resultant inflammatory reaction. treatment goals include scar prevention, reduction of psychological morbidity, and resolution of lesions. grading acne based on lesion type and severity can help guide treatment. topical retinoids a ...201223062156
epigallocatechin-3-gallate improves acne in humans by modulating intracellular molecular targets and inhibiting p. acnes.acne vulgaris is a highly prevalent skin disorder characterized by hyperseborrhea, inflammation, and propionibacterium acnes overgrowth. only isotretinoin and hormonal therapy reduce sebum production. to identify a new drug candidate that modulates sebum, we examined the effects of egcg, the major polyphenol in green tea, on human seb-1 sebocytes and in patients with acne. in seb-1 sebocytes, we found that egcg reduced sebum by modulating the ampk-srebp-1 signaling pathway. egcg also reduces inf ...201323096708
in vitro emergence of rifampicin resistance in propionibacterium acnes and molecular characterization of mutations in the rpob gene.activity of rifampicin against propionibacterium acnes biofilms was recently demonstrated, but rifampicin resistance has not yet been described in this organism. we investigated the in vitro emergence of rifampicin resistance in p. acnes and characterized its molecular background.201323115111
characteristics and outcome of 16 periprosthetic shoulder joint infections.shoulder arthroplasties are increasingly performed, but data on periprosthetic joint infections (pji) in this anatomical position are limited. we retrospectively investigated the characteristics and outcome of shoulder pji after primary arthroplasty from 1998 to 2010 in a single centre.201323124880
the response of human skin commensal bacteria as a reflection of uv radiation: uv-b decreases porphyrin production.recent global radiation fears reflect the urgent need for a new modality that can simply determine if people are in a radiation risk of developing cancer and other illnesses. ultraviolet (uv) radiation has been thought to be the major risk factor for most skin cancers. although various biomarkers derived from the responses of human cells have been revealed, detection of these biomarkers is cumbersome, probably requires taking live human tissues, and varies significantly depending on human immune ...201223133525
[role of infectious agents in the emergence of malignant tumors].according to the data of the international agency for research on cancer (iarc), at least 6 virus species (hpv, ebv, hhv-8/kshv, htlv-1, hbv, hcv), 4 helminthes species (schistosoma haematobium and japonicum, opisthorchis viverrini, clonorchis sinensis) and i bacterium species (helicobacter pylori) have been proved to be capable of causing the development of cancer. the analysis of the data available shows that merkel cell polyomavirus (mcv), herpes simplex virus (hsv), john cunningham polyomavi ...201223163048
evaluation of the new oxyplate™ anaerobic system for the isolation of ocular anaerobic bacteria.anaerobic bacteria can cause ocular infections. we tested the oxyplate™ anaerobic system (oxy) to isolate pertinent anaerobic bacteria that can cause ocular disease.201223166868
prognostic factors for bacterial cultures positive for propionibacterium acnes and other organisms in a large series of revision shoulder arthroplasties performed for stiffness, pain, or loosening.propionibacterium acnes has been grown on culture in half of the reported cases of chronic infection associated with shoulder arthroplasty. the presence of this organism can be overlooked because its subtle presentation may not suggest the need for culture or because, in contrast to many orthopaedic infections, multiple tissue samples and weeks of culture incubation are often necessary to recover this organism. surgical decisions regarding implant revision and antibiotic therapy must be made bef ...201223172325
sig1273: a new cosmetic functional ingredient to reduce blemishes and propionibacterium acnes in acne prone skin.propionibacterium acnes is a major contributing factor to the inflammatory component of acne. the interaction of p. acnes with keratinocytes leads to an innate immune response via activation of toll-like receptors (tlr2, tlr4) resulting in the production and secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators. sig1273, an isoprenylcysteine small molecule modulates inflammatory signaling pathways and kills p. acnes. sig1273 represents a novel cosmetic functional ingredient that provides relief from blemishes ...201223174050
propionibacterium acnes-induced inos and cox-2 protein expression via ros-dependent nf-κb and ap-1 activation in macrophages.propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes), a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium, plays a critical role in the development of inflammatory lesion as a result of cytokines production by keratinocytes and macrophages activation. however, effect of p. acnes on inos/no and cox-2/pge2 production in macrophages is still uninvestigated.201323178030
is propionibacterium acnes associated with hair casts and alopecia?we report a series of four patients who presented with complaints of diffuse non-scarring alopecia. they had similar clinical features of alopecia, hyperseborrhea, and distinct keratinaceous hair casts that encircled the hair shafts. propionibacterium acnes was isolated from two of the patients' scalp, and gram-positive, giemsa-positive bacteria were seen in the hair follicles in the scalp biopsy of one of the patients. the patients' symptoms did not respond to standard treatment for seborrheic ...201223180917
multilocus sequence typing (mlst) analysis of propionibacterium acnes isolates from radical prostatectomy specimens.inflammation is commonly observed in radical prostatectomy specimens, and evidence suggests that inflammation may contribute to prostate carcinogenesis. multiple microorganisms have been implicated in serving as a stimulus for prostatic inflammation. the pro-inflammatory anaerobe, propionibacterium acnes, is ubiquitously found on human skin and is associated with the skin disease acne vulgaris. recent studies have shown that p. acnes can be detected in prostatectomy specimens by bacterial cultur ...201323184509
antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of chitosan-alginate nanoparticles: a targeted therapy for cutaneous pathogens.advances in nanotechnology have demonstrated potential application of nanoparticles (nps) for effective and targeted drug delivery. here we investigated the antimicrobial and immunological properties and the feasibility of using nps to deliver antimicrobial agents to treat a cutaneous pathogen. nps synthesized with chitosan and alginate demonstrated a direct antimicrobial activity in vitro against propionibacterium acnes, the bacterium linked to the pathogenesis of acne. by electron microscopy ( ...201323190896
inhibition of sebum production and propionibacterium acnes lipase activity by fullerenol, a novel polyhydroxylated fullerene: potential as a therapeutic reagent for acne.oxidative stress plays a major role in acne formation; this suggests that oxygen-radical scavengers could be potential therapeutic agents. fullerenol c60(oh)44, a recently developed polyhydroxylated fullerene, is a spherical carbon molecule that has many hydroxyl groups capable of potent radical-scavenging activity. we have investigated its inhibitory effects in vitro on sebum production in hamster sebocytes and in propionibacterium acnes lipase activity. sebum production was significantly reduc ...201223193890
hepatoprotective effects of panax notoginseng: ginsenosides -re and -rg(1) as its active constituents in d-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury.the hepatoprotective effects of the methanol and water extracts of the roots of panax notoginseng were studied on various animal models. the methanol and water extracts of p. notoginseng showed a significant activity in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats. however, the methanol extract was found to be more active. the hepatoprotective effects of the methanol extract was further evaluated using d-galactosamine as well as heat-killed propionibacterium acnes/lipopolysaccharide-induced ...199623194765
epidemiology of acne vulgaris.despite acne being an almost universal condition in younger people, relatively little is known about its epidemiology. we sought to review what is known about the distribution and causes of acne by conducting a systematic review of relevant epidemiological studies. we searched medline and embase to the end of november 2011. the role of propionibacterium acnes in pathogenesis is unclear: antibiotics have a direct antimicrobial as well as an anti-inflammatory effect. moderate-to-severe acne affect ...201323210645
intrascrotal abscess, propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus cohnii ssp. cohnii: a case report and review of the literature.introduction. the propionibacterium acnes and the staphylococcus cohnii ssp. cohnii are occasional pathogenic bacteria. the intrascrotal localization of the propionibacterium acnes is exceptional. the staphylococcus cohnii ssp. cohnii is not able to colonize the urogenital apparatus but it is the most frequently responsible for blood culture contamination even if it can sustain, in particular conditions, systemic infections. case presentation. we report the case of a 72-year-old man who is under ...201223227417
porphyrin metabolisms in human skin commensal propionibacterium acnes bacteria: potential application to monitor human radiation risk.propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes), a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium, is a commensal organism in human skin. like human cells, the bacteria produce porphyrins, which exhibit fluorescence properties and make bacteria visible with a wood's lamp. in this review, we compare the porphyrin biosynthesis in humans and p. acnes. also, since p. acnes living on the surface of skin receive the same radiation exposure as humans, we envision that the changes in porphyrin profiles (the absorption spectra an ...201323231351
the fate of elbows with unexpected positive intraoperative cultures during revision elbow arthroplasty.an intraoperative culture sample obtained during revision elbow arthroplasty that is unexpectedly positive poses a dilemma for the surgeon. the purpose of our study was to determine the prevalence of positive cultures during revision elbow arthroplasty when infection is not suspected preoperatively, and the long-term implications of these positive cultures.201323235940
corynebacterium pyruviciproducens, as an immune modulator, can promote the activity of macrophages and up-regulate antibody response to particulate antigen.corynebacterium pyruviciproducens is a newly discovered corynebacterium species with no known pathogenic components such as diphtheria toxin and tuberculostearic acid, and it has similar biological properties to propionibacterium acnes, but its role of immunoregulation is drawing people's attention. in this work, based on the role of macrophages in removal of pathogenic bacteria as a primary scavenger and particulate antigen-presenting cell, the stimulation of macrophages by c. pyruviciproducens ...201223239443
chronic prostatic infection and inflammation by propionibacterium acnes in a rat prostate infection model.chronic inflammation in the prostate, seen as infiltration of inflammatory cells into the prostate gland in histological samples, affects approximately half the male population without indication of prostate disease, and is almost ubiquitous in patients diagnosed with benign prostate hyperplasia and cancer. several studies have demonstrated the gram-positive bacterium propionibacterium acnes to be frequently present in prostate tissue from men suffering from prostate disease. p. acnes has been s ...201223240022
a 7-year retrospective review from 2005 to 2011 of propionibacterium acnes shoulder infections in ottawa, ontario, canada.this study evaluated the clinical factors associated with propionibacterium acnes shoulder infection and the standard culture procedures for isolating p. acnes from shoulder specimens by a 7-year retrospective analysis. p. acnes was incriminated as the second most common pathogen in 17 of 80 patients with positive shoulder cultures. all of the 17 patients had prior shoulder implant. the cumulative rates for isolating p. acnes were 1.9%, 1.9%, 41.9%, 96.4%, and 100% at day 1 to day 5 of incubatio ...201323246074
c(22)-steroidal lactone glycosides from stems and leaves of paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis.further phytochemical investigation on the stems and leaves of paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis has led to the isolation of three c(22)-steroidal lactone glycosides. two of these are new compounds, designated as chonglouoside sl-7 (1) and chonglouoside sl-8 (2). their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, as well as comparison with the reported spectroscopic data. this is the first report of c(22)-steroidal lactone glycosides isolated from the paris genus. ...201323262268
a case of delayed-onset propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis after cataract surgery with implantation of a preloaded intraocular lens.to report a case of delayed-onset endophthalmitis after implantation of a preloaded intraocular lens (iol) and examine the surgically removed iol by scanning electron microscopy (sem).201223275791
propionibacterium acnes activates caspase-1 in human neutrophils.propionibacterium acnes is a gram-positive, slow-growing, anaerobic bacillus, predominantly found as a commensal on the skin and mucous membranes of adults. it is, however, also considered an opportunistic pathogen; mostly associated with acne vulgaris, but rarely also with severe infections such as infective endocarditis, prosthetic joint infections, and deep sternal wound infections following cardiothoracic surgery. in addition, p. acnes has recently been found in high frequency in prostate ti ...201323278288
in vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns of propionibacterium acnes isolated from acne patients: an egyptian university hospital-based study.antibiotics have been used for more than 40 years against propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes), the most common agent of acne. antibiotic resistance to this bacterium becomes a worldwide problem in recent years. no studies are available on antibiotic susceptibility patterns of p. acnes among egyptian acne patients.201323279041
primary granulomatous angiitis of the cns preferentially involving small veins with a granulomatous leukoencephalitis-like lesion in the cerebrum.we have reported an autopsy case of primary granulomatous angiitis of the cns preferentially involving the small veins with a granulomatous leukoencepalitis-like lesion in the cerebral white matter of a 48-year-old man. the latter lesion was ischemic necrosis due to circumferential multiple perivenous granulomas in the adjacent virchow-robin space. multifocal progressive involvement of venular adventitia by granulomas, leaving behind mural fibrosis and luminal stenosis, was related clinically to ...201323279573
[a comparison of biochemical and genetic classification of propionibacterium acnes strains isolated from skin lesions of patients with acne].propionibacterium acnes is dominating group of resident bacteria in skin biocenosis. these bacteria participate in autosterilisation of skin with the process of decomposition of triglycerides into free fatty acids and by keeping the ph of skin on the level 5.5. when the process goes out of control the excess of fatty acids in sebaceous glands leads to necrosis and inflammation. apart of the presence on the skin p acnes also are present in mucous membranes of intestinal tract, eyes, internal ears ...201223285774
propionibacterium acnes-killed attenuates the inflammatory response and protects mice from sepsis by modulating inflammatory factors.sepsis is a systemic inflammation associated with infection caused by pathogenic micro-organisms with high mortality rates.201323290472
clinical, radiological, and microbiological profile of patients with autogenous cranioplasty infections.bone flap infections after autogenous cranioplasty can present a diagnostic and management challenge. little is known about the clinical, radiological, and microbiological profile of these patients.201623298668
characteristics of infections associated with external ventricular drains of cerebrospinal fluid.manifestations of external ventricular drain (evd) - associated infections overlap with those of the underlying neurosurgical conditions. we analyzed characteristics of evd-associated infections.201323313468
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