Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| dynamic clustering of the bacterial sensory kinase baes. | several bacterial sensory-kinase receptors form clusters on the cell membrane. however, the dynamics of sensory-kinase clustering are largely unclear. using measurements of fluorescence anisotropy and time-lapse imaging of escherichia coli cells, we demonstrate that copper ions trigger self-association of baes receptors and lead to rapid formation of clusters, which can be reversibly dispersed by a metal chelator. copper ions did not trigger self-association of other fluorescently tagged sensory ... | 2016 | 26950881 |
| two overlapping two-component systems in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae contribute to full fitness in rice by regulating virulence factors expression. | two-component signal transduction systems (tcss) are widely used by bacteria to adapt to the environment. in the present study, stos (stress tolerance-related oxygen sensor) and srekrs (salt response kinase, regulator, and sensor) were found to positively regulate extracellular polysaccharide (eps) production and swarming in the rice pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo). surprisingly, the absence of stos or srekrs did not attenuate virulence. to better understand the intrinsic functions ... | 2016 | 26957113 |
| a simple test for the cleavage activity of customized endonucleases in plants. | although customized endonucleases [transcription activator-like effector nucleases (talens) and rna-guided endonucleases (rgens)] are known to be effective agents of mutagenesis in various host plants, newly designed endonuclease constructs require some pre-validation with respect to functionality before investing in the creation of stable transgenic plants. | 2016 | 26962325 |
| the placental membrane microbiome is altered among subjects with spontaneous preterm birth with and without chorioamnionitis. | preterm birth (ptb) is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality and is not uncommonly associated with chorioamnionitis. we recently have demonstrated that the placenta harbors a unique microbiome with similar flora to the oral community. we also have shown an association of these placental microbiota with ptb, history of antenatal infection, and excess maternal weight gain. on the basis of these previous observations, we hypothesized that the placental membranes would retain a microbi ... | 2016 | 26965447 |
| formaldehyde stress responses in bacterial pathogens. | formaldehyde is the simplest of all aldehydes and is highly cytotoxic. its use and associated dangers from environmental exposure have been well documented. detoxification systems for formaldehyde are found throughout the biological world and they are especially important in methylotrophic bacteria, which generate this compound as part of their metabolism of methanol. formaldehyde metabolizing systems can be divided into those dependent upon pterin cofactors, sugar phosphates and those dependent ... | 2016 | 26973631 |
| genome wide transcription start sites analysis of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris b100 with insights into the gum gene cluster directing the biosynthesis of the exopolysaccharide xanthan. | xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (xcc) is the major producer of the exopolysaccharide xanthan, the commercially most important natural polysaccharide of microbial origin. the current work provides deeper insights into the yet uncharacterized transcriptomic features of the xanthan producing strain xcc-b100. towards this goal, rna sequencing of a library based on the selective enrichment of the 5' ends of native transcripts was performed. this approach resulted in the genome wide identificati ... | 2016 | 26975844 |
| metagenomic analysis from the interior of a speleothem in tjuv-ante's cave, northern sweden. | speleothems are secondary mineral deposits normally formed by water supersaturated with calcium carbonate percolating into underground caves, and are often associated with low-nutrient and mostly non-phototrophic conditions. tjuv-ante's cave is a shallow-depth cave formed by the action of waves, with granite and dolerite as major components, and opal-a and calcite as part of the speleothems, making it a rare kind of cave. we generated two dna shotgun sequencing metagenomic datasets from the inte ... | 2016 | 26985997 |
| in vitro and in vivo correlation of colon-targeted compression-coated tablets. | this study was performed to assess and correlate in vitro drug release with in vivo absorption of prednisolone (pdl) from a colon-targeted tablet prepared by compression coating of core tablet. in vivo drug absorption study was conducted using a high performance liquid chromatographic (hplc) method, which was developed and validated for the estimation of pdl in rabbit plasma. the calibration curve showed linearity in the concentration range of 0.05 to 50 μg/ml with the correlation coefficient (r ... | 2016 | 26989562 |
| katg, the bifunctional catalase of xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, responds to hydrogen peroxide and contributes to epiphytic survival on citrus leaves. | xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (xcc) is the bacterium responsible for citrus canker. this bacterium is exposed to reactive oxygen species (ros) at different points during its life cycle, including those normally produced by aerobic respiration or upon exposition to ultraviolet (uv) radiation. moreover, ros are key components of the host immune response. among enzymatic ros-detoxifying mechanisms, catalases eliminate h2o2, avoiding the potential damage caused by this specie. xcc genome includes f ... | 2016 | 26990197 |
| identification and functional analysis of secreted effectors from phytoparasitic nematodes. | plant parasitic nematodes develop an intimate and long-term feeding relationship with their host plants. they induce a multi-nucleate feeding site close to the vascular bundle in the roots of their host plant and remain sessile for the rest of their life. nematode secretions, produced in the oesophageal glands and secreted through a hollow stylet into the host plant cytoplasm, are believed to play key role in pathogenesis. to combat these persistent pathogens, the identity and functional analysi ... | 2016 | 27001199 |
| crystal structure of the vicilin from solanum melongena reveals existence of different anionic ligands in structurally similar pockets. | crystal structure of a vicilin, sm80.1, was determined towards exploring its possible physiological functions. the protein was purified from solanum melongena by combination of ammonium sulphate fractionation and size exclusion chromatography. structure was determined ab initio at resolution of 1.5 å by x-ray crystallography showing the three-dimensional topology of the trimeric protein. each monomer of sm80.1 consists of two similar domains with hydrophobic binding pocket and each accommodating ... | 2016 | 27004988 |
| the atp-dependent rna helicase hrpb plays an important role in motility and biofilm formation in xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. | rna helicases are enzymes that catalyze the separation of double-stranded rna (dsrna) using the free energy of atp binding and hydrolysis. dead/deah families participate in many different aspects of rna metabolism, including rna synthesis, rna folding, rna-rna interactions, rna localization and rna degradation. several important bacterial dead/deah-box rna helicases have been extensively studied. in this study, we characterize the atp-dependent rna helicase encoded by the hrpb (xac0293) gene usi ... | 2016 | 27005008 |
| low-pressure plasma application for the inactivation of the seed-borne pathogen xanthomonas campestris. | the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-pressure plasma treatment on seed disinfection and the possible mechanisms underlying this effect. seed-borne disease refers to plant diseases that are transmitted by seeds; seed disinfection is an important technique for prevention of such diseases. in this study, the effectiveness of low-pressure plasma treatment in the inactivation of the seed-borne plant pathogenic bacterium, xanthomonas campestris, inoculated on cruciferous seeds, w ... | 2016 | 27009508 |
| characterization of novel bacteriophages for biocontrol of bacterial blight in leek caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. porri. | pseudomonas syringae pv. porri, the causative agent of bacterial blight in leek (allium porrum), is increasingly frequent causing problems in leek cultivation. because of the current lack of control measures, novel bacteriophages were isolated to control this pathogen using phage therapy. five novel phages were isolated from infected fields in flanders (vb_psym_kil1, vb_psym_kil2, vb_psym_kil3, vb_psym_kil4, and vb_psym_kil5), and were complemented with one selected host range mutant phage (vb_p ... | 2016 | 27014204 |
| crp is an activator of yersinia pestis biofilm formation that operates via a mechanism involving gmha and waaae-coad. | gmha encodes a phosphoheptose isomerase that catalyzes the biosynthesis of heptose, a conserved component of lipopolysaccharide (lps). gmha plays an important role in yersinia pestis biofilm blockage in the flea gut. waaa, waae, and coad constitute a three-gene operon waaae-coad in y. pestis. waaa encodes a transferase that is responsible for binding lipid-a to the core oligosaccharide of lps. waaa is a key determinant in y. pestis biofilm formation, and the waaa expression is positively regulat ... | 2016 | 27014218 |
| genome sequence of type strains of genus stenotrophomonas. | genomic resource of type strains and historically important strains of genus stenotrophomonas allowed us to reveal the existence of 18 distinct species by applying modern phylogenomic criterions. apart from stenotrophomonas maltophilia, s. africana represents another species of clinical importance. interestingly, pseudomonas hibsicola, p. beteli, and s. pavani that are of plant origin are closer to s. maltophilia than the majority of the environmental isolates. the genus has an open pan-genome. ... | 2016 | 27014232 |
| type iii-dependent translocation of hrpb2 by a nonpathogenic hpaabc mutant of the plant-pathogenic bacterium xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. | the plant-pathogenic bacterium xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria employs a type iii secretion (t3s) system to translocate effector proteins into plant cells. the t3s apparatus spans both bacterial membranes and is associated with an extracellular pilus and a channel-like translocon in the host plasma membrane. t3s is controlled by the switch protein hpac, which suppresses secretion and translocation of the predicted inner rod protein hrpb2 and promotes secretion of translocon and effector p ... | 2016 | 27016569 |
| 7-hydroxycalamenene effects on secreted aspartic proteases activity and biofilm formation of candida spp. | the 7-hydroxycalamenenene-rich essential oil (eo) obtained from the leaves of croton cajucara (red morphotype) have been described as active against bacteria, protozoa, and fungi species. in this work, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of 7-hydroxycalamenenene against candida albicans and nonalbicans species. | 2016 | 27019560 |
| co-expression of endoglucanase and β-glucosidase in corynebacterium glutamicum dm1729 towards direct lysine fermentation from cellulose. | the aim of the present study is the development of a consolidated bioprocess for the production of lysine with recombinant corynebacterium glutamicum dm1729 strains expressing endoglucanase and β-glucosidase genes. here, the endoglucanase genes from xanthomonas campestris xcc3521 and xcc2387 and betaglucosidase gene from saccharophagus degradans sde1394 were cloned in c. glutamicum dm1729 and expressed either extracellularly or on cell surface. the highest β-glucosidase activity of 9±0.5u/od600 ... | 2016 | 27020126 |
| potentiation of aminoglycoside activity in pseudomonas aeruginosa by targeting the amgrs envelope stress-responsive two-component system. | a screen for agents that potentiated the activity of paromomycin (par), a 4,5-linked aminoglycoside (ag), against wild-type pseudomonas aeruginosa identified the rna polymerase inhibitor rifampin (rif). rif potentiated additional 4,5-linked ags, such as neomycin and ribostamycin, but not the clinically important 4,6-linked ags amikacin and gentamicin. potentiation was absent in a mutant lacking the amgrs envelope stress response two-component system (tcs), which protects the organism from ag-gen ... | 2016 | 27021319 |
| genetics and molecular mapping of black rot resistance locus xca1bc on chromosome b-7 in ethiopian mustard (brassica carinata a. braun). | black rot caused by xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (pam.) dowson is the most destructive disease of cauliflower causing huge loss to the farmers throughout the world. since there are limited sources of resistance to black rot in b. oleracea (c genome brassica), exploration of a and b genomes of brassica was planned as these were thought to be potential reservoirs of black rot resistance gene(s). in our search for new gene(s) for black rot resistance, f2 mapping population was developed in ... | 2016 | 27023128 |
| overexpression of slupa-like induces cell enlargement, aberrant development and low stress tolerance through phytohormonal pathway in tomato. | upa20 induces cell enlargement and hypertrophy development. in our research, overexpression of slupa-like, orthologous to upa20, severely affected the growth of vegetative and reproductive tissues. wilted leaves curled upwardly and sterile flowers were found in transgenic lines. through anatomical analysis, palisade and spongy tissues showed fluffy and hypertrophic development in transgenic plants. gene expression analysis showed that ga responsive, biosynthetic and signal transduction genes (e. ... | 2016 | 27025226 |
| going beyond the control of quorum-sensing to combat biofilm infections. | most bacteria attach to surfaces where they form a biofilm, cells embedded in a complex matrix of polymers. cells in biofilms are much better protected against noxious agents than free-living cells. as a consequence it is very difficult to control pathogens with antibiotics in biofilm infections and novel targets are urgently needed. one approach aims at the communication between cells to form and to maintain a biofilm, a process called quorum-sensing. water soluble small-sized molecules mediate ... | 2016 | 27025518 |
| activation of glycerol metabolism in xanthomonas campestris by adaptive evolution to produce a high-transparency and low-viscosity xanthan gum from glycerol. | many studies have focused on using crude glycerol from biodiesel to obtain valuable products, but few of these studies have focused on obtaining polysaccharides. a mutant strain of xanthomonas campestris cctcc m2015714 that could use glycerol to produce high-transparency and low-viscosity xanthan gum was obtained by adaptive evolution, and the yield of xanthan gum reached 11.0g/l. we found that transcriptional levels of genes related to glycerol metabolism (glpf, glpk, glpd, and fbp) in the muta ... | 2016 | 27030959 |
| generation and characterization of β1,2-gluco-oligosaccharide probes from brucella abortus cyclic β-glucan and their recognition by c-type lectins of the immune system. | the β1,2-glucans produced by bacteria are important in invasion, survival and immunomodulation in infected hosts be they mammals or plants. however, there has been a lack of information on proteins which recognize these molecules. this is partly due to the extremely limited availability of the sequence-defined oligosaccharides and derived probes for use in the study of their interactions. here we have used the cyclic β1,2-glucan (cβg) of the bacterial pathogen brucella abortus, after removal of ... | 2016 | 27053576 |
| coordinated regulation of species-specific hydroxycinnamic acid degradation and siderophore biosynthesis pathways in agrobacterium fabrum. | the rhizosphere-inhabiting species agrobacterium fabrum (genomospecies g8 of the agrobacterium tumefaciens species complex) is known to degrade hydroxycinnamic acids (hcas), especially ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid, via the novel a. fabrum hca degradation pathway. gene expression profiles of a. fabrum strain c58 were investigated in the presence of hcas, using a c58 whole-genome oligoarray. both ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid caused variations in the expression of more than 10% of the c58 g ... | 2016 | 27060117 |
| applying dna affinity chromatography to specifically screen for sucrose-related dna-binding transcriptional regulators of xanthomonas campestris. | at a molecular level, the regulation of many important cellular processes is still obscure in xanthomonads, a bacterial group of outstanding relevance as world-wide plant pathogens and important for biotechnology as producers of the polysaccharide xanthan. transcriptome analysis indicated a sucrose-dependent regulation of 18 genes in xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (xcc) b100. the expression of 12 of these genes was clearly increased in the presence of sucrose. only part of these genes was ... | 2016 | 27060555 |
| transgenic soybean overexpressing gmsamt1 exhibits resistance to multiple-hg types of soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines. | soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) salicylic acid methyl transferase (gmsamt1) catalyses the conversion of salicylic acid to methyl salicylate. prior results showed that when gmsamt1 was overexpressed in transgenic soybean hairy roots, resistance is conferred against soybean cyst nematode (scn), heterodera glycines ichinohe. in this study, we produced transgenic soybean overexpressing gmsamt1 and characterized their response to various scn races. transgenic plants conferred a significant reduction ... | 2016 | 27064027 |
| differences in stability of seed-associated microbial assemblages in response to invasion by phytopathogenic microorganisms. | seeds are involved in the vertical transmission of microorganisms from one plant generation to another and consequently act as reservoirs for the plant microbiota. however, little is known about the structure of seed-associated microbial assemblages and the regulators of assemblage structure. in this work, we have assessed the response of seed-associated microbial assemblages of raphanus sativus to invading phytopathogenic agents, the bacterial strain xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (xcc) ... | 2016 | 27077013 |
| the structure of the lipooligosaccharide from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae: the causal agent of the bacterial leaf blight in rice. | the structure of the lipooligosaccharide (los) from the rice pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae has been elucidated. the characterization of the core oligosaccharide structure was obtained by the employment of two chemical degradation protocols and by analysis of the products via nmr spectroscopy. the structure of the lipid a portion was achieved by maldi mass spectrometry analysis on purified lipid a. the los from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae revealed to possess the same core structure of ... | 2016 | 27085742 |
| polysaccharide-based membranes in food packaging applications. | plastic packaging is essential nowadays. however, the huge environmental problem caused by landfill disposal of non-biodegradable polymers in the end of life has to be minimized and preferentially eliminated. the solution may rely on the use of biopolymers, in particular polysaccharides. these macromolecules with film-forming properties are able to produce attracting biodegradable materials, possibly applicable in food packaging. despite all advantages of using polysaccharides obtained from diff ... | 2016 | 27089372 |
| edgar 2.0: an enhanced software platform for comparative gene content analyses. | the rapidly increasing availability of microbial genome sequences has led to a growing demand for bioinformatics software tools that support the functional analysis based on the comparison of closely related genomes. by utilizing comparative approaches on gene level it is possible to gain insights into the core genes which represent the set of shared features for a set of organisms under study. vice versa singleton genes can be identified to elucidate the specific properties of an individual gen ... | 2016 | 27098043 |
| binding of the substrate udp-glucuronic acid induces conformational changes in the xanthan gum glucuronosyltransferase. | gumk is a membrane-associated glucuronosyltransferase of xanthomonas campestris that is involved in xanthan gum biosynthesis. gumk belongs to the inverting gt-b superfamily and catalyzes the transfer of a glucuronic acid (glca) residue from uridine diphosphate (udp)-glca (udp-glca) to a lipid-pp-trisaccharide embedded in the membrane of the bacteria. the structure of gumk was previously described in its apo- and udp-bound forms, with no significant conformational differences being observed. here ... | 2016 | 27099353 |
| gamr, the lysr-type galactose metabolism regulator, regulates hrp gene expression via transcriptional activation of two key hrp regulators, hrpg and hrpx, in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight of rice. for the virulence of the bacterium, the hrp genes, encoding components of the type iii secretion system, are indispensable. the expression of hrp genes is regulated by two key hrp regulators, hrpg and hrpx: hrpg regulates hrpx, and hrpx regulates other hrp genes. several other regulators have been shown to be involved in the regulation of hrp genes. here, we found that a lysr-type transcriptional regulator that w ... | 2016 | 27107122 |
| structure of the full-length bacteriophytochrome from the plant pathogen xanthomonas campestris provides clues to its long-range signaling mechanism. | phytochromes constitute a major superfamily of light-sensing proteins that are reversibly photoconverted between a red-absorbing (pr) and a far-red-absorbing (pfr) state. bacteriophytochromes (bphps) are found among photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic bacteria, including pathogens. to date, several bphps have been biophysically characterized. however, it is still not fully understood how structural changes are propagated from the photosensory module to the output module during the signal trans ... | 2016 | 27107635 |
| genome-wide transcription start site mapping of bradyrhizobium japonicum grown free-living or in symbiosis - a rich resource to identify new transcripts, proteins and to study gene regulation. | differential rna-sequencing (drna-seq) is indispensable for determination of primary transcriptomes. however, using drna-seq data to map transcriptional start sites (tsss) and promoters genome-wide is a bioinformatics challenge. we performed drna-seq of bradyrhizobium japonicum usda 110, the nitrogen-fixing symbiont of soybean, and developed algorithms to map tsss and promoters. | 2016 | 27107716 |
| identification of novel major and minor qtls associated with xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (african strains) resistance in rice (oryza sativa l.). | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) is the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight (bb), an emerging disease in rice in west-africa which can induce up to 50 % of yield losses. so far, no specific resistance gene or qtl to african xoo were mapped. the objectives of this study were to identify and map novels and specific resistance qtls to african xoo strains. | 2016 | 27107993 |
| detecting cell lysis using viscosity monitoring in e. coli fermentation to prevent product loss. | monitoring the physical or chemical properties of cell broths to infer cell status is often challenging due to the complex nature of the broth. key factors indicative of cell status include cell density, cell viability, product leakage, and dna release to the fermentation broth. the rapid and accurate prediction of cell status for hosts with intracellular protein products can minimise product loss due to leakage at the onset of cell lysis in fermentation. this article reports the rheological exa ... | 2016 | 27111912 |
| supporting community annotation and user collaboration in the integrated microbial genomes (img) system. | the exponential growth of genomic data from next generation technologies renders traditional manual expert curation effort unsustainable. many genomic systems have included community annotation tools to address the problem. most of these systems adopted a "wiki-based" approach to take advantage of existing wiki technologies, but encountered obstacles in issues such as usability, authorship recognition, information reliability and incentive for community participation. | 2016 | 27118214 |
| biofilms and cyclic di-gmp (c-di-gmp) signaling: lessons from pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacteria. | the cyclic di-gmp (c-di-gmp) second messenger represents a signaling system that regulates many bacterial behaviors and is of key importance for driving the lifestyle switch between motile loner cells and biofilm formers. this review provides an up-to-date compendium of c-di-gmp pathways connected to biofilm formation, biofilm-associated motilities, and other functionalities in the ubiquitous and opportunistic human pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa this bacterium is frequently adopted as a model ... | 2016 | 27129226 |
| from plant infectivity to growth patterns: the role of blue-light sensing in the prokaryotic world. | flavin-based photoreceptor proteins of the lov (light, oxygen, and voltage) and bluf (blue light sensing using flavins) superfamilies are ubiquitous among the three life domains and are essential blue-light sensing systems, not only in plants and algae, but also in prokaryotes. here we review their biological roles in the prokaryotic world and their evolution pathways. an unexpected large number of bacterial species possess flavin-based photosensors, amongst which are important human and plant p ... | 2014 | 27135492 |
| bioprospecting sponge-associated microbes for antimicrobial compounds. | sponges are the most prolific marine organisms with respect to their arsenal of bioactive compounds including antimicrobials. however, the majority of these substances are probably not produced by the sponge itself, but rather by bacteria or fungi that are associated with their host. this review for the first time provides a comprehensive overview of antimicrobial compounds that are known to be produced by sponge-associated microbes. we discuss the current state-of-the-art by grouping the bioact ... | 2016 | 27144573 |
| 3-methylthiopropionic acid of rhizoctonia solani ag-3 and its role in the pathogenicity of the fungus. | studies were conducted to determine the role of 3-methylthioproprionic acid (mtpa) in the pathogenicity of potato stem canker, rhizoctonia solani, and the concentrations required to inhibit growth of r. solani under laboratory and plant house-based conditions. the experiments were laid out in a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replications. the treatments were 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mm concentrations of mtpa. the purified toxin exhibited maximal activity at ph 2.5 and 30°c. ... | 2016 | 27147928 |
| light suppresses bacterial population through the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in tobacco leaves infected with pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci. | pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (pst) is a hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen responsible for tobacco wildfire disease. although considerable research has been conducted on the tobacco plant's tolerance to pst, the role of light in the responses of the photosystems to pst infection is poorly understood. this study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the reduced photosystem damage in tobacco leaves due to pst infection under light conditions. compared to dark conditions, pst infection ... | 2016 | 27148334 |
| single molecule real-time sequencing of xanthomonas oryzae genomes reveals a dynamic structure and complex tal (transcription activator-like) effector gene relationships. | pathogen-injected, direct transcriptional activators of host genes, tal (transcription activator-like) effectors play determinative roles in plant diseases caused by xanthomonas spp. a large domain of nearly identical, 33-35 aa repeats in each protein mediates dna recognition. this modularity makes tal effectors customizable and thus important also in biotechnology. however, the repeats render tal effector (tal) genes nearly impossible to assemble using next-generation, short reads. here, we dem ... | 2015 | 27148456 |
| effects of different heat treatments on lysozyme quantity and antimicrobial activity of jenny milk. | thermal treatments are used to improve milk microbial safety, shelf life, and biological activity of some of its components. however, thermal treatments can reduce the nutritional quality of milk, affecting the molecular structure of milk proteins, such as lysozyme, which is a very important milk component due to its antimicrobial effect against gram-positive bacteria. jenny milk is characterized by high lysozyme content. for this reason, in the last few years, it has been used as an antimicrobi ... | 2016 | 27157571 |
| stenotrophomonas maltophilia phop, a two-component response regulator, involved in antimicrobial susceptibilities. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia, a gram-negative bacterium, has increasingly emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen. it is well-known for resistance to a variety of antimicrobial agents including cationic antimicrobial polypeptides (caps). resistance to polymyxin b, a kind of caps, is known to be controlled by the two-component system phopq. to unravel the role of phopq in polymyxin b resistance of s. maltophilia, a phop mutant was constructed. we found mics of polymyxin b, chloramphenicol, am ... | 2016 | 27159404 |
| genomic screens identify a new phytobacterial microbe-associated molecular pattern and the cognate arabidopsis receptor-like kinase that mediates its immune elicitation. | the recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns during infection is central to the mounting of an effective immune response. in spite of their importance, it remains difficult to identify these molecules and the host receptors required for their perception, ultimately limiting our understanding of the role of these molecules in the evolution of host-pathogen relationships. | 2016 | 27160854 |
| zinc coordination is essential for the function and activity of the type ii secretion atpase epse. | the type ii secretion system eps in vibrio cholerae promotes the extracellular transport of cholera toxin and several hydrolytic enzymes and is a major virulence system in many gram-negative pathogens which is structurally related to the type iv pilus system. the cytoplasmic atpase epse provides the energy for exoprotein secretion through atp hydrolysis. epse contains a unique metal-binding domain that coordinates zinc through a tetracysteine motif (cxxcx29 cxxc), which is also present in type i ... | 2016 | 27168165 |
| fungal innate immunity induced by bacterial microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps). | plants and animals detect bacterial presence through microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps) which induce an innate immune response. the field of fungal-bacterial interaction at the molecular level is still in its infancy and little is known about mamps and their detection by fungi. exposing fusarium graminearum to bacterial mamps led to increased fungal membrane hyperpolarization, a putative defense response, and a range of transcriptional responses. the fungus reacted with a different tr ... | 2016 | 27172188 |
| the draft genome sequence of the yersinia entomophaga entomopathogenic type strain mh96t. | here we report the draft genome of yersinia entomophaga type strain mh96t. the genome shows 93.8% nucleotide sequence identity to that of yersinia nurmii type strain apn3a-ct, and comprises a single chromosome of approximately 4,275,531 bp. in silico analysis identified that, in addition to the previously documented y. entomophaga yen-tc gene cluster, the genome encodes a diverse array of toxins, including two type iii secretion systems, and five rhs-associated gene clusters. as well as these mu ... | 2016 | 27187466 |
| draft genome sequence of pseudomonas fluorescens strain et76, isolated from rice rhizosphere in northwestern morocco. | pseudomonas fluorescens et76 was isolated from rice rhizosphere in northwestern morocco. its draft genome was estimated to be 6,681,652 bp with 5,789 coding sequences (cdss). genes encoding for type i to vi secretion systems, pvdq, proteases, siderophores, hydrogen cyanide synthase, acc-deaminase, among others, highlight its potential use in biological control of plant pathogens. | 2016 | 27198014 |
| hrcu and hrpp are pathogenicity factors in the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora required for the type iii secretion of dspa/e. | many gram-negative bacterial pathogens mediate host-microbe interactions via utilization of the type iii secretion (t3s) system. the t3s system is a complex molecular machine consisting of more than 20 proteins. collectively, these proteins translocate effectors across extracellular space and into the host cytoplasm. successful translocation requires timely synthesis and allocation of both structural and secreted t3s proteins. based on amino acid conservation in animal pathogenic bacteria, hrcu ... | 2016 | 27206522 |
| bacterial molecular signals in the sinorhizobium fredii-soybean symbiosis. | sinorhizobium (ensifer) fredii (s. fredii) is a rhizobial species exhibiting a remarkably broad nodulation host-range. thus, s. fredii is able to effectively nodulate dozens of different legumes, including plants forming determinate nodules, such as the important crops soybean and cowpea, and plants forming indeterminate nodules, such as glycyrrhiza uralensis and pigeon-pea. this capacity of adaptation to different symbioses makes the study of the molecular signals produced by s. fredii strains ... | 2016 | 27213334 |
| a minimal threshold of c-di-gmp is essential for fruiting body formation and sporulation in myxococcus xanthus. | generally, the second messenger bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric gmp (c-di-gmp) regulates the switch between motile and sessile lifestyles in bacteria. here, we show that c-di-gmp is an essential regulator of multicellular development in the social bacterium myxococcus xanthus. in response to starvation, m. xanthus initiates a developmental program that culminates in formation of spore-filled fruiting bodies. we show that c-di-gmp accumulates at elevated levels during development and that this increas ... | 2016 | 27214040 |
| the influence of a modified lipopolysaccharide o-antigen on the biosynthesis of xanthan in xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris b100. | the exopolysaccharide xanthan is a natural product which is extensively used in industry. it is a thickening agent in many fields, from oil recovery to the food sector. xanthan is produced by the gram negative bacterium xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (xcc). we analyzed the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of three mutant strains of the xcc wild type b100 to distinguish if the xanthan production can be increased when lps biosynthesis is affected. | 2016 | 27215401 |
| loss of gltb inhibits biofilm formation and biocontrol efficiency of bacillus subtilis bs916 by altering the production of γ-polyglutamate and three lipopeptides. | this study examined the contribution of gltb on biofilm formation and biocontrol efficiency of b. subtilis bs916. | 2016 | 27223617 |
| cloning and expression analysis of cinnamoyl-coa reductase (ccr) genes in sorghum. | cinnamoyl-coa reductase (ccr) is the first enzyme in the monolignol-specific branch of the lignin biosynthetic pathway. in this research, three sorghum ccr genes including sbccr1, sbccr2-1 and sbccr2-2 were cloned and characterized. analyses of the structure and phylogeny of the three ccr genes showed evolutionary conservation of the functional domains and divergence of function. transient expression assays in nicotiana benthamiana leaves demonstrated that the three ccr proteins were localized i ... | 2016 | 27231650 |
| the type iii effector avrxccb in xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris targets putative methyltransferases and suppresses innate immunity in arabidopsis. | xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (xcc) causes black rot, one of the most important diseases of brassica crops worldwide. the type iii effector inventory plays important roles in the virulence and pathogenicity of the pathogen. however, little is known about the virulence function(s) of the putative type iii effector avrxccb in xcc. here, we investigated the immune suppression ability of avrxccb and the possible underlying mechanisms. avrxccb was demonstrated to be secreted in a type iii sec ... | 2016 | 27241588 |
| type ii toxin-antitoxin distribution and adaptive aspects on xanthomonas genomes: focus on xanthomonas citri. | prokaryotic toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems were first described as being designed to prevent plasmid loss in bacteria. however, with the increase in prokaryotic genome sequencing, recently many tas have been found in bacterial chromosomes, having other biological functions, such as environmental stress response. to date, only few studies have focused on ta systems in phytopathogens, and their possible impact on the bacterial fitness. this may be especially important for pathogens like xanthomonas ... | 2016 | 27242687 |
| plant genetic background increasing the efficiency and durability of major resistance genes to root-knot nematodes can be resolved into a few resistance qtls. | with the banning of most chemical nematicides, the control of root-knot nematodes (rkns) in vegetable crops is now based essentially on the deployment of single, major resistance genes (r-genes). however, these genes are rare and their efficacy is threatened by the capacity of rkns to adapt. in pepper, several dominant r-genes are effective against rkns, and their efficacy and durability have been shown to be greater in a partially resistant genetic background. however, the genetic determinants ... | 2016 | 27242835 |
| a phytophthora sojae effector pscrn63 forms homo-/hetero-dimers to suppress plant immunity via an inverted association manner. | oomycete pathogens produce a large number of effectors to promote infection. their mode of action are largely unknown. here we show that a phytophthora sojae effector, pscrn63, suppresses flg22-induced expression of frk1 gene, a molecular marker in pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamp)-triggered immunity (pti). however, pscrn63 does not suppress upstream signaling events including flg22-induced mapk activation and bik1 phosphorylation, indicating that it acts downstream of mapk cascades. ... | 2016 | 27243217 |
| presence of extracellular dna during biofilm formation by xanthomonas citri subsp. citri strains with different host range. | xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (xcc) a strain causes citrus bacterial canker, a serious leaf, fruit and stem spotting disease of several citrus species. x. alfalfae subsp. citrumelonis (xac) is the cause of citrus bacterial spot, a minor disease of citrus nursery plants and x. campestris pv. campestris (xc) is a systemic pathogen that causes black rot of cabbage. xanthomonas spp. form biofilms in planta that facilitate the host infection process. herein, the role of extracellular dna (edna) was ... | 2016 | 27248687 |
| aba suppresses botrytis cinerea elicited no production in tomato to influence h2o2 generation and increase host susceptibility. | abscisic acid (aba) production has emerged a susceptibility factor in plant-pathogen interactions. this work examined the interaction of aba with nitric oxide (no) in tomato following challenge with the aba-synthesizing pathogen, botrytis cinerea. trace gas detection using a quantum cascade laser detected no production within minutes of challenge with b. cinerea whilst photoacoustic laser detection detected ethylene production - an established mediator of defense against this pathogen - occurrin ... | 2016 | 27252724 |
| emerging insights on brazilian pepper tree (schinus terebinthifolius) invasion: the potential role of soil microorganisms. | invasive plant species constitute a major ecological and economic problem worldwide, often distorting trophic levels and ecosystem balance. numerous studies implicate factors ranging from environmental plasticity, competition for nutrient and space, and allelopathy in the success of invasive species in general. the brazilian pepper tree (bp) was introduced to the united states in the 1800s and has since become a category one invasive plant in florida. it has aggressively spread to about 3000 km( ... | 2016 | 27252726 |
| complete genome sequences of lytic bacteriophages of xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis. | three bacteriophages, f20-xaj, f29-xaj, and f30-xaj, with lytic activity against xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis were isolated from walnut trees (viii bío bío region, chile). these lytic bacteriophages have double-stranded dna (dsdna) genomes of 43,851 bp, 41,865 bp, and 44,262 bp, respectively. these are the first described bacteriophages with lytic activity against x. arboricola pv. juglandis that can be utilized as biocontrol agents. | 2016 | 27257210 |
| multiple patterns of regulation and overexpression of a ribonuclease-like pathogenesis-related protein gene, ospr10a, conferring disease resistance in rice and arabidopsis. | an abundant 17 kda rnase, encoded by ospr10a (also known as pbz1), was purified from pi-starved rice suspension-cultured cells. biochemical analysis showed that the range of optimal temperature for its rnase activity was 40-70°c and the optimum ph was 5.0. disulfide bond formation and divalent metal ion mg2+ were required for the rnase activity. the expression of ospr10a::gus in transgenic rice was induced upon phosphate (pi) starvation, wounding, infection by the pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. ... | 2016 | 27258121 |
| identification of the c-terminal gh5 domain from cbcel9b/man5a as the first glycoside hydrolase with thermal activation property from a multimodular bifunctional enzyme. | caldicellulosiruptor bescii encodes at least six unique multimodular glycoside hydrolases crucial for plant cell wall polysaccharides degradation, with each having two catalytic domains separated by two to three carbohydrate binding modules. among the six enzymes, three have one n- or c-terminal gh5 domain with identical amino acid sequences. despite a few reports on some of these multimodular enzymes, little is known about how the conserved gh5 domains behave, which are believed to be important ... | 2016 | 27258548 |
| an innate immunity pathway in the moss physcomitrella patens. | map kinase (mpk) cascades in arabidopsis thaliana and other vascular plants are activated by developmental cues, abiotic stress, and pathogen infection. much less is known of mpk functions in nonvascular land plants such as the moss physcomitrella patens here, we provide evidence for a signaling pathway in p. patens required for immunity triggered by pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps). this pathway induces rapid growth inhibition, a novel fluorescence burst, cell wall depositions, an ... | 2016 | 27268428 |
| directed evolution of fls2 towards novel flagellin peptide recognition. | microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps) are molecules, or domains within molecules, that are conserved across microbial taxa and can be recognized by a plant or animal immune system. although mamp receptors have evolved to recognize conserved epitopes, the mamps in some microbial species or strains have diverged sufficiently to render them unrecognizable by some host immune systems. in this study, we carried out in vitro evolution of the arabidopsis thaliana flagellin receptor flagellin-se ... | 2016 | 27270917 |
| pseudomonas syringae type iii effector hopaf1 suppresses plant immunity by targeting methionine recycling to block ethylene induction. | hopaf1 is a type iii effector protein of unknown function encoded in the genomes of several strains of pseudomonas syringae and other plant pathogens. structural modeling predicted that hopaf1 is closely related to deamidase proteins. deamidation is the irreversible substitution of an amide group with a carboxylate group. several bacterial virulence factors are deamidases that manipulate the activity of specific host protein substrates. we identified arabidopsis methylthioadenosine nucleosidase ... | 2016 | 27274076 |
| enzymatic synthesis of bioactive compounds with high potential for cosmeceutical application. | cosmeceuticals are cosmetic products containing biologically active ingredients purporting to offer a pharmaceutical therapeutic benefit. the active ingredients can be extracted and purified from natural sources (botanicals, herbal extracts, or animals) but can also be obtained biotechnologically by fermentation and cell cultures or by enzymatic synthesis and modification of natural compounds. a cosmeceutical ingredient should possess an attractive property such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammator ... | 2016 | 27276911 |
| high-pressure sterilization of ice nucleation-active xanthomonas campestris and its application to egg processing. | xanthomonas campestris inxc-1 is able to freeze water at a subzero temperature higher than -5°c. high-pressure treatment at 300 mpa and 5°c for 5 min killed the cells without affecting their ice-nucleation activity. egg white containing the pressurized cells began to freeze with a slight degree of supercooling. ice crystals with a dendritic structure were formed when the egg white froze in the presence of the killed bacterial cells. the frozen egg white thawed more quickly than egg white frozen ... | 1993 | 27280991 |
| immune sensing of lipopolysaccharide in plants and animals: same but different. | 2016 | 27281177 | |
| two isocitrate dehydrogenases from a plant pathogen xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 8004. bioinformatic analysis, enzymatic characterization, and implication in virulence. | isocitrate dehydrogenase (idh) is a key enzyme in the tricarboxylate (tca) cycle, which may play an important role in the virulence of pathogenic bacteria. here, two structurally different idhs from a plant pathogen xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 8004 (xccidh1 and xccidh2) were characterized in detail. the recombinant xccidh1 forms homodimer in solution, while the recombinant xccidh2 is a typical monomer. phylogenetic analysis showed that xccidh1 belongs to the type i idh subfamily and xc ... | 2016 | 27282849 |
| morphological and physiological changes induced by contact-dependent interaction between candida albicans and fusobacterium nucleatum. | candida albicans and fusobacterium nucleatum are well-studied oral commensal microbes with pathogenic potential that are involved in various oral polymicrobial infectious diseases. recently, we demonstrated that f. nucleatum atcc 23726 coaggregates with c. albicans sn152, a process mainly mediated by fusobacterial membrane protein radd and candida cell wall protein flo9. the aim of this study was to investigate the potential biological impact of this inter-kingdom interaction. we found that f. n ... | 2016 | 27295972 |
| dna microarray and gene ontology enrichment analysis reveals that a mutation in opsx affects virulence and chemotaxis in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) causes bacterial leaf blight (blb) in rice (oryza sativa l.). in this study, we investigated the effect of a mutation in opsx (xoo1056), which encodes a saccharide biosynthesis regulatory protein, on the virulence and bacterial chemotaxis of xoo. we performed dna microarray analysis, which showed that 63 of 2,678 genes, including genes related to bacterial motility (flagellar and chemotaxis proteins) were significantly downregulated (<-2 log2 fold changes) by ... | 2016 | 27298594 |
| changes in the aggressiveness and fecundity of hot pepper anthracnose pathogen (colletotricum acutatum) under elevated co2 and temperature over 100 infection cycles. | we observed the changes in aggressiveness and fecundity of the anthracnose pathogen colletotrichum acutatum on hot pepper, under the ambient and the twice-ambient treatments. artificial infection was repeated over 100 cycles for ambient (25°c/400 ppm co2) and twice-ambient (30°c/700 ppm co2) growth chamber conditions, over 3 years. during repeated infection cycles (ics) on green-pepper fruits, the aggressiveness (incidence [% of diseased fruits among 20 inoculated fruits] and severity [lesion le ... | 2016 | 27298601 |
| multiple targets of salicylic acid and its derivatives in plants and animals. | salicylic acid (sa) is a critical plant hormone that is involved in many processes, including seed germination, root initiation, stomatal closure, floral induction, thermogenesis, and response to abiotic and biotic stresses. its central role in plant immunity, although extensively studied, is still only partially understood. classical biochemical approaches and, more recently, genome-wide high-throughput screens have identified more than two dozen plant sa-binding proteins (sabps), as well as mu ... | 2016 | 27303403 |
| pf filamentous phage requires uvrd for replication in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | pf is a lysogenic filamentous phage that promotes biofilm development in pseudomonas aeruginosa. pf replicates by a rolling circle replication system which depends on a phage-encoded initiator protein and host factors usually involved in chromosome replication. rep, an accessory replicative dna helicase, is crucial for replication of filamentous phages in escherichia coli. in contrast, here we show that, instead of depending on rep, pf replication depends on uvrd, an accessory helicase implicate ... | 2016 | 27303696 |
| detection of novel integrons in the metagenome of human saliva. | integrons are genetic elements capable of capturing and expressing open reading frames (orfs) embedded within gene cassettes. they are involved in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (args) in clinically important pathogens. although the args are common in the oral cavity the association of integrons and antibiotic resistance has not been reported there. in this work, a pcr-based approach was used to investigate the presence of integrons and associated gene cassettes in human oral m ... | 2016 | 27304457 |
| bacterial cell biology outside the streetlight. | as much as vertical transmission of microbial symbionts requires their deep integration into the host reproductive and developmental biology, symbiotic lifestyle might profoundly affect bacterial growth and proliferation. this review describes the reproductive oddities displayed by bacteria associated - more or less intimately - with multicellular eukaryotes. | 2016 | 27306428 |
| screening, isolation, and identification of food-originated compounds enhancing the ice-nucleation activity of xanthomonas campestris. | some foods from plant sources, particularly of moringeceae origin, contained compounds that enhanced bacterial ice-nucleation activity. a hot water extract from mustard seeds was so potent in its enhancing activity that the compounds responsible could be isolated from the seeds as yellow crystals. by instrumental analyses, this enhancer was identified as 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetic acid. the addition of a purified preparation of this compound at 0.1-1 ppm to the cultivation medium for xanthomo ... | 1994 | 27315706 |
| function of succinoglycan polysaccharide in sinorhizobium meliloti host plant invasion depends on succinylation, not molecular weight. | the acidic polysaccharide succinoglycan produced by the rhizobial symbiont sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 is required for this bacterium to invade the host plant medicago truncatula and establish a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. s. meliloti mutants that cannot make succinoglycan cannot initiate invasion structures called infection threads in plant root hairs. s. meliloti exoh mutants that cannot succinylate succinoglycan are also unable to form infection threads, despite the fact that they make large q ... | 2016 | 27329751 |
| mechanism and function of type iv secretion during infection of the human host. | bacterial pathogens employ type iv secretion systems (t4sss) for various purposes to aid in survival and proliferation in eukaryotic hosts. one large t4ss subfamily, the conjugation systems, confers a selective advantage to the invading pathogen in clinical settings through dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence traits. besides their intrinsic importance as principle contributors to the emergence of multiply drug-resistant "superbugs," detailed studies of these highly tractab ... | 2016 | 27337453 |
| biosynthesis of α-pyrones. | the α-pyrone moiety is a structural feature found in a huge variety of biologically active metabolites. in recent times new insights into additional biosynthetic mechanisms, yielding in such six-membered unsaturated ester ring residues have been obtained. the purpose of this mini-review is to give a brief overview of α-pyrones and the mechanisms forming the basis of their natural synthesis. especially the chain interconnecting enzymes, showing homology to ketosynthases which catalyze claisen-lik ... | 2016 | 27340449 |
| elucidation of a masked repeating structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of the halotolerant soil bacteria azospirillum halopraeferens au4. | an o-specific polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide isolated by the phenol-water extraction from the halotolerant soil bacteria azospirillum halopraeferens type strain au4. the polysaccharide was studied by sugar and methylation analyses, selective cleavages by smith degradation and solvolysis with trifluoroacetic acid, one- and two-dimensional (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy. the following masked repeating structure of the o-specific polysaccharide was es ... | 2016 | 27340454 |
| xanthoferrin, the α-hydroxycarboxylate-type siderophore of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, is required for optimum virulence and growth inside cabbage. | xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris causes black rot, a serious disease of crucifers. xanthomonads encode a siderophore biosynthesis and uptake gene cluster xss (xanthomonas siderophore synthesis) involved in the production of a vibrioferrin-type siderophore. however, little is known about the role of the siderophore in the iron uptake and virulence of x. campestris pv. campestris. in this study, we show that x. campestris pv. campestris produces an α-hydroxycarboxylate-type siderophore (named ... | 2016 | 27348422 |
| discovery and identification of candidate genes from the chitinase gene family for verticillium dahliae resistance in cotton. | verticillium dahliae, a destructive and soil-borne fungal pathogen, causes massive losses in cotton yields. however, the resistance mechanism to v. dahilae in cotton is still poorly understood. accumulating evidence indicates that chitinases are crucial hydrolytic enzymes, which attack fungal pathogens by catalyzing the fungal cell wall degradation. as a large gene family, to date, the chitinase genes (chis) have not been systematically analyzed and effectively utilized in cotton. here, we ident ... | 2016 | 27354165 |
| multilocus sequence typing of strains of bacterial spot of lettuce collected in the united states. | studies on genetic diversity and recombination in bacterial pathogens are providing a better understanding of the mechanisms shaping bacterial diversity, which can affect disease control. xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians, causal agent of bacterial leaf spot of lettuce, is a threat to the worldwide lettuce industry. we examined the genetic variation within a sample of 83 strains from california, florida, and ohio using multilocus sequence typing of six housekeeping genes, totaling 2.7 kb. addit ... | 2016 | 27359264 |
| next-generation sequencing diagnostics of bacteremia in septic patients. | bloodstream infections remain one of the major challenges in intensive care units, leading to sepsis or even septic shock in many cases. due to the lack of timely diagnostic approaches with sufficient sensitivity, mortality rates of sepsis are still unacceptably high. however a prompt diagnosis of the causative microorganism is critical to significantly improve outcome of bloodstream infections. although various targeted molecular tests for blood samples are available, time-consuming blood cultu ... | 2016 | 27368373 |
| dcsbis (pa2771) from pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly active diguanylate cyclase with unique activity regulation. | c-di-gmp (3',5' -cyclic diguanylic acid) is an important second messenger in bacteria that influences virulence, motility, biofilm formation, and cell division. the level of c-di-gmp in cells is controlled by diguanyl cyclases (dgcs) and phosphodiesterases (pdes). here, we report the biochemical functions and crystal structure of the potential diguanylase dcsbis (pa2771, a diguanylate cyclase with a self-blocked i-site) from pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1. the full-length dcsbis protein contains an ... | 2016 | 27388857 |
| cloning-free genome engineering in sinorhizobium meliloti advances applications of cre/loxp site-specific recombination. | the soil-dwelling α-proteobacterium sinorhizobium meliloti serves as model for studies of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, a highly important process in sustainable agriculture. here, we report advancements of the genetic toolbox accelerating genome editing in s. meliloti. the hsdmsr operon encodes a type-i restriction-modification (r-m) system. transformation of s. meliloti is counteracted by the restriction endonuclease hsdr degrading dna which lacks the appropriate methylation pattern. we provide ... | 2016 | 27393468 |
| the xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria type-3 effector xopb inhibits plant defence responses by interfering with ros production. | the bacterial pathogen xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria 85-10 (xcv) translocates about 30 type-3 effector proteins (t3es) into pepper plants (capsicum annuum) to suppress plant immune responses. among them is xopb which interferes with pti, eti and sugar-mediated defence responses, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and direct targets are unknown so far. here, we examined the xopb-mediated suppression of plant defence responses in more detail. infection of susceptible pepper plants wi ... | 2016 | 27398933 |
| the molecular basis for ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like specificities in bacterial effector proteases. | pathogenic bacteria rely on secreted effector proteins to manipulate host signaling pathways, often in creative ways. ce clan proteases, specific hydrolases for ubiquitin-like modifications (sumo and nedd8) in eukaryotes, reportedly serve as bacterial effector proteins with desumoylase, deubiquitinase, or, even, acetyltransferase activities. here, we characterize bacterial ce protease activities, revealing k63-linkage-specific deubiquitinases in human pathogens, such as salmonella, escherichia, ... | 2016 | 27425412 |
| promiscuous diffusible signal factor production and responsiveness of the xylella fastidiosa rpf system. | cell density-dependent regulation of gene expression in xylella fastidiosa that is crucial to its switching between plant hosts and insect vectors is dependent on rpff and its production of 2-enoic acids known as diffusible signal factor (dsf). we show that x. fastidiosa produces a particularly large variety of similar, relatively long-chain-length 2-enoic acids that are active in modulating gene expression. both x. fastidiosa itself and a pantoea agglomerans surrogate host harboring x. fastidio ... | 2016 | 27435463 |
| responses to combined abiotic and biotic stress in tomato are governed by stress intensity and resistance mechanism. | stress conditions in agricultural ecosystems can occur at variable intensities. different resistance mechanisms against abiotic stress and pathogens are deployed by plants. thus, it is important to examine plant responses to stress combinations under different scenarios. here, we evaluated the effect of different levels of salt stress ranging from mild to severe (50, 100, and 150mm nacl) on powdery mildew resistance and overall performance of tomato introgression lines with contrasting levels of ... | 2016 | 27436279 |
| quantitative, image-based phenotyping methods provide insight into spatial and temporal dimensions of plant disease. | plant disease symptoms exhibit complex spatial and temporal patterns that are challenging to quantify. image-based phenotyping approaches enable multidimensional characterization of host-microbe interactions and are well suited to capture spatial and temporal data that are key to understanding disease progression. we applied image-based methods to investigate cassava bacterial blight, which is caused by the pathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (xam). we generated xam strains in which in ... | 2016 | 27443602 |
| biophysical and biochemical studies of a major endoglucanase secreted by xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. | endoglucanases are the main cellulolytic enzymes secreted by the bacterium xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (xcc). the major endoglucanase exported by this bacterium into an external milieu is an enzyme xcccel5a, which belongs to gh5 family subfamily 1 and is encoded by the gene engxca. we purified xcccel5a using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by size exclusion chromatography and identified it by zymogram analysis. circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy studies showed tha ... | 2016 | 27444323 |
| the complete sequences and ecological roles of two incp-1β plasmids, phb44 and pbs64, isolated from the mycosphere of laccaria proxima. | two novel plasmids, coined phb44 and pbs64, were recently found in variovorax paradoxus strains hb44 and bs64 isolated from the mycosphere of laccaria proxima, on two different sampling occasions. we here describe the full sequences of phb44 and pbs64 and establish their evolutionary placement and ecological function. both plasmids, unique for mycospheric v. paradoxus, were around 58 kb in size. they possessed, in a very similar fashion, three main plasmid backbone regions, which were predicted ... | 2016 | 27445994 |