Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| complete nucleotide sequences of 84.5- and 3.2-kb plasmids in the multi-antibiotic resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium u302 strain g8430. | the multi-antibiotic resistant (mr) salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium phage type u302 strain g8430 exhibits the penta-resistant acssut-phenotype (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides and tetracycline), and is also resistant to carbenicillin, erythromycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin. two plasmids, 3.2- and 84.5-kb in size, carrying antibiotic resistance genes were isolated from this strain, and the nucleotide sequences were determined and analyzed. the 3.2-kb plasmid, pu30 ... | 2007 | 16828159 |
| herd-level risk factors for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in u.s. market pigs. | midwest u.s. herds (n=63) were studied to identify risk factors for harboring salmonella enterica among slaughter-weight pigs. samples collected on farms (feces) and at slaughter (distal colonic content, cecal content and ileocolic lymph nodes) were cultured using conventional means. approximately 15 pigs were studied per herd, for a total of 3754 samples. the proportion of pigs positive in one or more samples was calculated for each herd. herd characteristics were described by a combination of ... | 2006 | 16828183 |
| tumour necrosis factor alpha mediated apoptosis in murine macrophages by salmonella enterica serovar typhi under oxidative stress. | invasive salmonella has been reported to induce apoptosis of macrophages as part of its infection process, which may allow it to avoid detection by the innate immune system. however, the induction of apoptosis under the different host environments remains to be examined, including the oxidative stress experienced by pathogens in the macrophage milieu. to simulate in vivo oxidative conditions, salmonella enterica serovar typhi was grown in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and its ability to indu ... | 2006 | 16831216 |
| antimicrobial potential of four lactobacillus strains isolated from breast milk. | the antimicrobial potential of four lactobacilli (lactobacillus salivarius cect5713, lactobacillus gasseri cect5714, l. gasseri cect5715 and lactobacillus fermentum cect5716), isolated from fresh human breast milk, was evaluated in this study and compared with lactobacillus coryniformis cect5711, a reuterin-producing strain isolated from an artisan goat's cheese. | 2006 | 16834593 |
| the newly isolated lytic bacteriophages st104a and st104b are highly virulent against salmonella enterica. | to screen irish faecal samples from a variety of sources with a view to isolating novel anti-salmonella phages and to subsequently evaluate their lytic capability. | 2006 | 16834613 |
| consumer-phase salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis risk assessment for egg-containing food products. | we describe a one-dimensional probabilistic model of the role of domestic food handling behaviors on salmonellosis risk associated with the consumption of eggs and egg-containing foods. six categories of egg-containing foods were defined based on the amount of egg contained in the food, whether eggs are pooled, and the degree of cooking practiced by consumers. we used bootstrap simulation to quantify uncertainty in risk estimates due to sampling error, and sensitivity analysis to identify key so ... | 2006 | 16834632 |
| effect of immune serum and role of individual fcgamma receptors on the intracellular distribution and survival of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in murine macrophages. | immune serum has a protective role against salmonella infections in mice, domestic animals and humans. in this study, the effect of antibody on the interaction between murine macrophages and s. enterica serovar typhimurium was examined. detailed analysis at the single-cell level demonstrated that opsonization of the bacteria with immune serum enhanced bacterial uptake and altered bacterial distribution within individual phagocytic cells. using gene-targeted mice deficient in individual fc gamma ... | 2006 | 16836651 |
| interpolated variable order motifs for identification of horizontally acquired dna: revisiting the salmonella pathogenicity islands. | there is a growing literature on the detection of horizontal gene transfer (hgt) events by means of parametric, non-comparative methods. such approaches rely only on sequence information and utilize different low and high order indices to capture compositional deviation from the genome backbone; the superiority of the latter over the former has been shown elsewhere. however even high order k-mers may be poor estimators of hgt, when insufficient information is available, e.g. in short sliding win ... | 2006 | 16837528 |
| salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis and eggs: a national epidemic in the united states. | beginning in the 1970s, the incidence of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (se) infection and the number of related outbreaks in the united states has increased dramatically. by 1994, se was the most commonly reported salmonella serotype, with an incidence of >10 laboratory-confirmed infections per 100,000 population in the northeast. intensive epidemiologic and laboratory investigations identified shell eggs as the major vehicle for se infection in humans, and that the eggs had been inte ... | 2006 | 16838242 |
| pyrolysis mass spectrometry for distinguishing potential hoax materials from bioterror agents. | pyrolysis mass spectrometry (pyms) was investigated as a rapid tool to distinguish potential bioterror hoax materials from samples containing pathogenic bacteria. a pyrolysis time-of-flight (tof) mass spectrometer equipped with an alternative ionization technique, metastable atom bombardment (mab), was used to produce sample spectra. these spectra were analyzed by principal component and discriminant analysis for pattern recognition. materials investigated were two strains of vibrio parahaemolyt ... | 2006 | 16841357 |
| multi-drug resistance in salmonella enterica: efflux mechanisms and their relationships with the development of chromosomal resistance gene clusters. | bacterial drug resistance represents one of the most crucial problems in present day antibacterial chemotherapy. of particular concern to public health is the continuing worldwide epidemic spread of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium phage type dt104 harbouring a genomic island called salmonella genomic island i (sgi-1). this island contains an antibiotic gene cluster conferring resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides and tetracyclines. these resis ... | 2006 | 16842216 |
| the salmonella enterica serovar typhi vi capsule and self-association pili share controls on expression. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi uses type ivb pili to facilitate eukaryotic cell invasion. here, we compare environmental and genetic controls on pil operon transcription with those regulating viab genes required for vi antigen expression. transcription of pil occurs only in the late logarithmic and stationary phases of bacterial growth while viab expression occurs in the logarithmic growth phase. expression of both viab and pil was, however, optimal at 100 mm nacl, and mutations in envz/ompr, ... | 2006 | 16842356 |
| characterization of the sigmae-dependent rpoep3 promoter of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | using a two-plasmid system, we recently identified sigma(e)-dependent promoters directing expression of the sigma(e) regulon genes in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium). comparison of the promoters revealed a consensus sequence almost identical to the sigma(e)-dependent rpoep3 promoter directing expression of rpoe. this two-plasmid system was previously optimized to identify nucleotides critical for the rpoep3 promoter activity. however, two highly conserved nucleotides in ... | 2006 | 16842358 |
| regulatory components at the csgd promoter--additional roles for ompr and integration host factor and role of the 5' untranslated region. | csgd is a master regulator of multicellular behaviour in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. expression of csgd is highly regulated on the transcriptional level. a nucleo-protein complex had been defined where the global regulators ompr and integration host factor (ihf) bind up- and downstream of the csgd core promoter. in this study, the nucleo-protein complex of pcsgd was extended through characterization of additional ompr and ihf binding sites that influence the transcriptional activity ... | 2006 | 16842367 |
| isolation of bacteriocinogenic lactobacillus plantarum strains from ben saalga, a traditional fermented gruel from burkina faso. | a collection of lactic acid bacteria isolated from ben saalga, a traditional fermented gruel from burkina faso, was screened for bacteriocin production. seven isolates were selected for their broad antimicrobial spectra, which overall included strains of bacillus cereus, bacillus licheniformis, enterococcus faecalis, listeria innocua, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. cluster analysis of rapd-pcr patterns revealed that six of the isolates re ... | 2006 | 16844251 |
| regulatory protein that inhibits both synthesis and use of the target protein controls flagellar phase variation in salmonella enterica. | flagellin is a major surface antigen for many bacterial species. the pathogen salmonella enterica switches between two alternative, antigenic forms of its flagellin filament protein, either type b or c. this switching (flagellar phase variation) is achieved by stochastic inversion of a promoter that produces both type b flagellin (fljb) and an inhibitor (flja) of type c flagellin formation. when the fljb-flja operon is expressed, only type b flagella are produced; when the operon is not transcri ... | 2006 | 16844786 |
| multidrug-resistance efflux pumps - not just for resistance. | it is well established that multidrug-resistance efflux pumps encoded by bacteria can confer clinically relevant resistance to antibiotics. it is now understood that these efflux pumps also have a physiological role(s). they can confer resistance to natural substances produced by the host, including bile, hormones and host-defence molecules. in addition, some efflux pumps of the resistance nodulation division (rnd) family have been shown to have a role in the colonization and the persistence of ... | 2006 | 16845433 |
| gene expression profiling in salmonella choleraesuis-infected porcine lung using a long oligonucleotide microarray. | understanding the transcriptional response to pathogenic bacterial infection within food animals is of fundamental and applied interest. to determine the transcriptional response to salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis (sc) infection, a 13,297-oligonucleotide swine array was used to analyze rna from control, 24-h postinoculation (hpi), and 48-hpi porcine lung tissue from pigs infected with sc. in total, 57 genes showed differential expression (p < 0.001; false discovery rate = 12%). quantita ... | 2006 | 16845603 |
| delayed expansion and contraction of cd8+ t cell response during infection with virulent salmonella typhimurium. | ag presentation to cd8(+) t cells often commences immediately after infection, which facilitates their rapid expansion and control of infection. subsequently, the primed cells undergo rapid contraction. we report that this paradigm is not followed during infection with virulent salmonella enterica, serovar typhimurium (st), an intracellular bacterium that replicates within phagosomes of infected cells. although susceptible mice die rapidly (approximately 7 days), resistant mice (129 x 1svj) harb ... | 2006 | 16849458 |
| mutational analysis of salmonella translocated effector members sifa and sopd2 reveals domains implicated in translocation, subcellular localization and function. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a facultative intracellular pathogen causing disease in several hosts. these bacteria use two distinct type iii secretion systems that inject effector proteins into the host cell for invasion and to alter maturation of the salmonella-containing vacuole. members of the salmonella translocated effector (ste) family contain a conserved n-terminal translocation signal of approximately 140 aa. in this study, the ste family member sifa was examined using dele ... | 2006 | 16849798 |
| a connection between iron-sulfur cluster metabolism and the biosynthesis of 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine pyrophosphate in salmonella enterica. | several cellular pathways have been identified which affect the efficiency of thiamine biosynthesis in salmonella enterica. mutants defective in iron-sulfur (fe-s) cluster metabolism are less efficient at synthesis of the pyrimidine moiety of thiamine. these mutants are compromised for the conversion of aminoimidazole ribotide (air) to 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate (hmp-p), not the synthesis of air. the gene product thic contains potential ligands for an fe-s cluster that ... | 2006 | 16849799 |
| differences in resistance to salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum infection among indigenous local chicken ecotypes in tanzania. | a study was conducted to evaluate the disease resistance potential in 105 chickens of six indigenous local chicken ecotypes in tanzania by orally challenging 1-week-old chicks with 2.5 x 10(8) colony-forming units of virulent s. gallinarum. for 14 days post infection, clinical signs, necropsy findings, antibody titres, packed cell volume, leukocyte population count, and viable bacterial cell counts in the liver and spleen were recorded. clinical signs were recorded daily but other parameters wer ... | 2006 | 16854638 |
| the fad-dependent tricarballylate dehydrogenase (tcua) enzyme of salmonella enterica converts tricarballylate into cis-aconitate. | tricarballylate is the causative agent of grass tetany, a ruminant disease characterized by acute magnesium deficiency. tricarballylate toxicity has been attributed to its ability to chelate magnesium and to inhibit aconitase, a krebs cycle enzyme. neither the ruminant nor the normal rumen flora can catabolize tricarballylate to ameliorate its toxic effects. however, the gram-negative enterobacterium salmonella enterica can use tricarballylate as a carbon and energy source, providing an opportun ... | 2006 | 16855237 |
| the mgtc virulence factor of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium activates na(+),k(+)-atpase. | the mgtc gene of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium encodes a membrane protein of unknown function that is important for full virulence in the mouse. since mgtc is part of an operon with mgtb which encodes a mg(2+)-transporting p-type atpase, mgtc was hypothesized to function in ion transport, possibly in mg(2+) transport. consequently, mgtc was expressed in xenopus laevis oocytes, and its effect on ion transport was evaluated using ion selective electrodes. oocytes expressing mgtc did not ... | 2006 | 16855249 |
| crystal structure of tdp-fucosamine acetyltransferase (wecd) from escherichia coli, an enzyme required for enterobacterial common antigen synthesis. | enterobacterial common antigen (eca) is a polysaccharide found on the outer membrane of virtually all gram-negative enteric bacteria and consists of three sugars, n-acetyl-d-glucosamine, n-acetyl-d-mannosaminuronic acid, and 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-d-galactose, organized into trisaccharide repeating units having the sequence -->3)-alpha-d-fuc4nac-(1-->4)-beta-d-mannaca-(1-->4)-alpha-d-glcnac-(1-->. while the precise function of eca is unknown, it has been linked to the resistance of shiga-toxin- ... | 2006 | 16855251 |
| arginine-dependent acid resistance in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium does not survive a ph 2.5 acid challenge under conditions similar to those used for escherichia coli. here, we provide evidence that s. enterica serovar typhimurium can display arginine-dependent acid resistance (ar) provided the cells are grown under anoxic conditions and not under the microaerobic conditions used for assessment of ar in e. coli. the role of the arginine decarboxylase pathway in salmonella ar was shown by the loss of ar in mutants lacking ... | 2006 | 16855258 |
| antibiotic resistance of salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a in india: emerging and reemerging problem. | antibiotic resistance pattern and r-plasmid of salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a isolates from kolkata, india are not well documented. | 2006 | 16855314 |
| caspase-1-mediated activation of interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) and il-18 contributes to innate immune defenses against salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection. | caspase-1 (casp-1) mediates the processing of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) and il-18 to their mature forms. casp-1-deficient mice succumb more rapidly to salmonella challenge than do wild-type animals. both casp-1 substrates, il-18 and il-1beta, are relevant for control of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. we used il-18-/- and il-1beta-/- mice in addition to administration of recombinant il-18 to casp-1-/- mice to demonstrate that il-18 is important for resis ... | 2006 | 16861683 |
| preliminary evaluation of the use of the sefa fimbrial gene to elicit immune response against salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in chickens. | in the last 2 decades, the prevalence of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) has dramatically increased worldwide, becoming the leading cause of food-borne illnesses and an important public health issue. many studies have suggested the role of the sef14 fimbrial protein in the adhesion of salmonella enteritidis to the host. in the present study, the sefa gene, which encodes the main subunit of the sef14 fimbrial protein, was cloned into a temperature-sensitive expre ... | 2006 | 16863065 |
| protection conferred by a live salmonella enteritidis vaccine against fowl typhoid in laying hens. | fowl typhoid is under control in poultry farms of developed countries, but it still endemically subsists in commercial laying hen farms of some countries. it has been demonstrated that salmonella live vaccines can elicit cross-immunity against members of the same kauffmann-white scheme serogroup. in this work, we explored the protection conferred by tad salmonella vac e, a live salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis vaccine, against fowl typhoid. three groups of laying hens were vaccinated with ... | 2006 | 16863082 |
| influence of eggshell condensation on eggshell penetration and whole egg contamination with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | shells of agar-filled and whole eggs were inoculated with 10(3) to 10(4) cfu of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis per eggshell. the agar-filled eggs were used to study bacterial eggshell penetration, and the whole egg results were used to characterize contamination of the egg contents. in each group, half of the eggs were stored for 21 days at 20 degrees c and 60% relative humidity (rh), and the other half was stored for 24 h at 6 degrees c and then for 20 days at 20 degrees c. the latter ... | 2006 | 16865883 |
| fate of staphylococcus aureus, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and vibrio vulnificus in raw oysters treated with chitosan. | the fate of staphylococcus aureus, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and vibrio vulnificus in oysters treated with chitosan was investigated. three concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0%) of chitosan in 0.5% hydrochloric acid were prepared and coated onto raw oysters, which were then stored at 4 degrees c for 12 days. untreated oysters and oysters coated with 0.5% hydrochloric acid without chitosan were used as controls. s. aureus cells were most sensitive to 2.0% chitosan followed by 0.5 and ... | 2006 | 16865892 |
| identification of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium using specific pcr primers obtained by comparative genomics in salmonella serovars. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a major foodborne pathogen throughout the world. until now, the specific target genes for the detection and identification of serovar typhimurium have not been developed. to determine the specific probes for serovar typhimurium, the genes of serovar typhimurium lt2 that were expected to be unique were selected with the blast (basic local alignment search tool) program within genbank. the selected genes were compared with 11 genomic sequences of various ... | 2006 | 16865900 |
| adhesion properties and competitive pathogen exclusion ability of bifidobacteria with acquired acid resistance. | the adhesion properties of bifidobacterium longum and bifidobacterium catenulatum strains with an acquired resistance to acid and their ability to competitively exclude salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, enterobacter sakazakii, and clostridium difficile from adhering to human intestinal mucus were evaluated and compared with the results when the same experiments were run with the original acid-sensitive strains. in half of the four studied cases, t ... | 2006 | 16865903 |
| an international outbreak of human salmonellosis associated with animal-derived pet treats--canada and washington state, 2005. | 2006 | 16869066 | |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium effectors sopb, sope, sope2 and sipa disrupt tight junction structure and function. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a major cause of human gastroenteritis. infection of epithelial monolayers by s. typhimurium disrupts tight junctions that normally maintain the intestinal barrier and regulate cell polarity. tight junction disruption is dependent upon the salmonella pathogenicity island-1 (spi-1) type 3 secretion system but the specific effectors involved have not been identified. in this study we demonstrate that sopb, sope, sope2 and sipa are the spi-1-secreted effec ... | 2006 | 16869830 |
| dissemination and persistence of blactx-m-9 are linked to class 1 integrons containing cr1 associated with defective transposon derivatives from tn402 located in early antibiotic resistance plasmids of inchi2, incp1-alpha, and incfi groups. | this study analyzes the diversity of in60, a class 1 integron bearing cr1 and containing bla(ctx-m-9), and its association with tn402, tn21, and classical conjugative plasmids among 45 ctx-m-9-producing clinical strains (41 escherichia coli strains, 2 klebsiella pneumoniae strains, 1 salmonella enterica strain, and 1 enterobacter cloacae strain). forty-five patients in a spanish tertiary care hospital were studied (1996 to 2003). the diversity of in60 and association of in60 with tn402 or mercur ... | 2006 | 16870767 |
| gene-specific effects of antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer-peptide conjugates on escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in pure culture and in tissue culture. | the objective was to improve efficacy of antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (pmos) by improving their uptake into bacterial cells. four different bacterium-permeating peptides, rffrffrffxb, rtrtrflrrtxb, rxxrxxrxxb, and kffkffkffkxb (x is 6-aminohexanoic acid and b is beta-alanine), were separately coupled to two different pmos that are complementary to regions near the start codons of a luciferase reporter gene (luc) and a gene required for viability (acpp). luc peptide-pmos targ ... | 2006 | 16870773 |
| new integron-associated gene cassette encoding a trimethoprim-resistant dfrb-type dihydrofolate reductase. | a sixth gene cassette containing a dfrb-type gene, dfrb6, was found in a dfrb6-aada1 cassette array in class 1 integrons. this array was isolated from several multiply antibiotic-resistant salmonella enterica serovar infantis strains that appear to be clonally related. the dfrb6 dihydrofolate reductase conferred resistance to trimethoprim. | 2006 | 16870788 |
| qnr prevalence in ceftazidime-resistant enterobacteriaceae isolates from the united states. | we screened 313 ceftazidime-resistant enterobacteriaceae isolates obtained in the united states from 1999 to 2004 for all three known qnr genes. a qnr gene was present in 20% of klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, 31% of enterobacter sp. isolates, and 4% of escherichia coli isolates. qnra and qnrb occurred with equivalent frequencies and, except for qnrb in enterobacters, were stable over time. qnrs was absent. | 2006 | 16870791 |
| maintenance of nitric oxide and redox homeostasis by the salmonella flavohemoglobin hmp. | intracellular pathogens must resist the antimicrobial actions of nitric oxide (no.) produced by host cells. to this end pathogens possess several no.-metabolizing enzymes. here we show that the flavohemoglobin hmp is the principal enzyme responsible for aerobic no. metabolism by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. we further show that hmp is required for salmonella virulence in mice, in contrast to s-nitrosoglutathione reductase, flavorubredoxin, or cytochrome c nitrite reductase. abrogatio ... | 2006 | 16873371 |
| molecular typing of salmonella enterica serotype worthington isolates from infantile diarrhoea. | salmonella worthington has been known to be a causative agent for childhood diarrhoea. there is a paucity of information on the molecular relatedness of the strains isolated in various hospitals in india. the present study was carried out to attempt molecular typing of a cluster of salmonella worthington isolates obtained from cases of infantile diarrhoea during a six month period, from a tertiary care paediatric hospital in delhi, india. | 2006 | 16873913 |
| autophagy recognizes intracellular salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in damaged vacuoles. | autophagy is responsible for the degradation of cytosolic components within eukaryotic cells. interestingly, autophagy also appears to play a role in recognizing invading intracellular pathogens. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is an intracellular pathogen that normally resides and replicates within the salmonella-containing vacuole (scv). however, during in vitro infection a population of s. typhimurium damage and escape from the scv to enter the cytosol. we have observ ... | 2006 | 16874057 |
| social stress increases fecal shedding of salmonella typhimurium by early weaned piglets. | "segregated early weaning" (sew) of pigs reduces exposure to pathogenic bacteria, but upon arrival at grower facilities pigs may be co-mingled regardless of farm of origin. the present study was designed to examine the effect of mixing (social) stress on populations of salmonella enterica typhimurium in sew pigs. piglets (7 days old; n = 28 in each of 2 replicates) were separated into 2 treatments (control and mixed groups) of 2 pens per treatment (7 piglets/pen). one (n = 1) "seeder" pig/pen wa ... | 2006 | 16875421 |
| in vitro and in vivo stability of plasmids in attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium used as a carrier of dna vaccine is associated with its replication origin. | the ability of live attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) as a carrier of dna vaccine was evaluated using model plasmid encoding beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) and balb/c mice. we constructed pbrcmvbeta, beta-gal expression apparatus having a replication origin from low copy pbr322. comparison of the plasmid stability showed that pbrcmvbeta remained stable in salmonella even after oral administration, while puc-based pcmvbeta tended to be lost quickly. however, titer ... | 2006 | 16880689 |
| isolation of salmonella from environmental samples collected in the reptile department of antwerp zoo using different selective methods. | to evaluate the environmental spread of salmonella strains in the reptile department of antwerp zoo and to compare different isolation methods for salmonella. | 2006 | 16882135 |
| characterization of the enterobacteriaceae isolated from an artisanal italian ewe's cheese (pecorino abruzzese). | to evaluate some physiological characteristics of the enterobacteriaceae isolated from pecorino cheese. | 2006 | 16882142 |
| development of an ultra rapid and simple multiplex polymerase chain reaction technique for detection of salmonella typhi. | to make a rapid and definite diagnosis of salmonella enteritis, using an ultra rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detection method for major salmonella serotypes, such as salmonella typhi, salmonella typhimurium and salmonella havana. | 2006 | 16883440 |
| production of phenylacetic acid derivatives and 4-epiradicinol in culture by curvularia lunata. | phenylacetic acid derivatives, methyl 2-acetyl-3,5-dihydroxyphenylacetate (1) and methyl 2-acetyl-5-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetate (3); curvulin or ethyl 2-acetyl-3,5-dihydroxyphenylacetate (4), a known metabolite of curvularia siddiqui, and 4-epiradicinol (5) have been isolated from the culture mycelia of curvularia lunata grown on ymg, a medium consisting of yeast, malt extract and glucose. compounds 1, 3 and 4 lack antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, but 4-epiradicinol (5) inhibited the g ... | 2006 | 16884750 |
| the early transcriptional response of pig small intestinal mucosa to invasion by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) species are a leading cause of human invasive gastroenteritis. there is increasing in vitro evidence about salmonella interaction with isolated cells or cell lines (macrophages, and enterocytes) on the molecular level, however, very little is known about in vivo interactions during actual invasion. we investigated the early interaction of s. typhimurium with intact small intestinal mucosa, in a pig model. intestinal segments were infected ... | 2007 | 16884775 |
| the lactic acid-induced acid tolerance response in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium induces sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide. | transcriptome analyses of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium revealed that 15 genes were significantly up-regulated after 2 h of adaptation with lactic acid. cadb was the most highly up-regulated gene and was shown to be an essential component. lactic acid-adapted cells exhibited sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide, likely due to down-regulation of the oxyr regulon. | 2006 | 16885318 |
| two transsulfurylation pathways in klebsiella pneumoniae. | in most bacteria, inorganic sulfur is assimilated into cysteine, which provides sulfur for methionine biosynthesis via transsulfurylation. here, cysteine is transferred to the terminal carbon of homoserine via its sulfhydryl group to form cystathionine, which is cleaved to yield homocysteine. in the enteric bacteria escherichia coli and salmonella enterica, these reactions are catalyzed by irreversible cystathionine-gamma-synthase and cystathionine-beta-lyase enzymes. alternatively, yeast and so ... | 2006 | 16885444 |
| toxigenicity testing of clinical isolates of non-typhoidal salmonellae in vero cell culture & caenorhabditis elegans model. | the non-typhoidal salmonellae (nts) are recognized agents of gastroenteritis worldwide. some of the nts do not produces cytotoxic changes in tissue culture and not much is known about the endotoxicity of the clinical isolates of nts (mostly salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium and salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis). we examined the exotoxic (cytotoxin) and endotoxic activity of clinical isolates of nts in two assay models namely vero cell culture and the nematode, caenorhabditis elega ... | 2006 | 16885605 |
| recombinant vaccines based on translocated effector proteins of salmonella pathogenicity island 2. | attenuated live salmonella enterica are useful carriers for the delivery of heterologous antigens for vaccination. effector proteins translocated by type iii secretion systems (t3ss) of salmonella have been successfully utilized for antigen delivery. here we investigated the use of effector proteins of the t3ss encoded by salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi2). we observed that the effector protein ssef is suitable for delivery of various fusion proteins with heterologous antigens. the efficie ... | 2007 | 16887239 |
| studies on immunogenicity and protective efficacy of dnaj of salmonella typhi against lethal infection by salmonella typhimurium in mice. | in the present study dnaj (hsp40) of salmonella enterica serovar typhi has been evaluated for its immunogenicity and efficacy in protecting mice against lethal challenge by s. enterica serovar typhimurium infection. dnaj was amplified by pcr of the genomic dna of s. typhi and subsequently cloned in pqe-30 expression vector. the protein was induced by iptg and purified using ni-nta chromatography under denaturing conditions. after refolding in vitro the immune response was evaluated by injecting ... | 2006 | 16887241 |
| repair of dna damage induced by bile salts in salmonella enterica. | exposure of salmonella enterica to sodium cholate, sodium deoxycholate, sodium chenodeoxycholate, sodium glycocholate, sodium taurocholate, or sodium glycochenodeoxycholate induces the sos response, indicating that the dna-damaging activity of bile resides in bile salts. bile increases the frequency of gc --> at transitions and induces the expression of genes belonging to the oxyr and soxrs regulons, suggesting that bile salts may cause oxidative dna damage. s. enterica mutants lacking both exon ... | 2006 | 16888329 |
| clonality and antimicrobial resistance gene profiles of multidrug- resistant salmonella enterica serovar infantis isolates from four public hospitals in rio de janeiro, brazil. | in brazil, salmonella enterica serovar infantis resistant to various antimicrobials, including cephalosporins, has been identified as an etiological agent of severe gastroenteritis in hospitalized children since 1994. in this study, 35 serovar infantis strains, isolated from children admitted to four different rio de janeiro, brazil, hospitals between 1996 and 2001, were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing in order to determine their ... | 2006 | 16891490 |
| clonal emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ctx-m-2)-producing salmonella enterica serovar virchow isolates with reduced susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin among poultry and humans in belgium and france (2000 to 2003). | antibiotic treatment is not required in cases of salmonella enterica gastroenteritis but is essential in cases of enteric fever or invasive salmonellosis or in immunocompromised patients. although fluoroquinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins are the drugs of choice to treat invasive salmonella, resistance to these antibiotics is increasing worldwide. during the period 2000 to 2003, 90 salmonella enterica serovar virchow poultry and poultry product isolates and 11 serovar virchow human i ... | 2006 | 16891509 |
| proteomic analysis of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolated from raw 264.7 macrophages: identification of a novel protein that contributes to the replication of serovar typhimurium inside macrophages. | to evade host resistance mechanisms, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (stm), a facultative intracellular pathogen, must alter its proteome following macrophage infection. to identify new colonization and virulence factors that mediate stm pathogenesis, we have isolated stm cells from raw 264.7 macrophages at various time points following infection and used a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach to detect the changes in stm protein abundance. because host resist ... | 2006 | 16893888 |
| epidemiological tracing of salmonella enterica serotype abortusovis from spanish ovine flocks by pfge fingerprinting. | salmonella enterica serotype abortusovis, an ovine host-specific serotype, rare in most countries, is responsible for epidemic abortion episodes in spain. with the aim of surveillance and detection of the spread of specific clones, 55 abortusovis isolates collected during 1996-2001 from flocks in 11 provinces, were studied using xbai-pfge. despite the fact that the strains were geographically and spatially related, pfge demonstrated an epidemiologically acceptable discriminating power, identifyi ... | 2007 | 16899137 |
| enhanced detection rate of typhoid fever in children in a periurban slum in karachi, pakistan using polymerase chain reaction technology. | yield of blood culture in clinically suspected cases of typhoid fever is low, whereas indirect serological diagnostic tests are unreliable. hence, polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based detection of salmonella enterica serovar typhi was used as an aid for diagnosis of typhoid fever in addition to other diagnostic tests. two periurban communities in karachi were selected for an epidemiological study of typhoid fever. the aim of the study was to assess whether pcr increased the detection rate of ty ... | 2006 | 16901852 |
| decreasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in non-typhoidal salmonella isolated from children with bacteraemia in a rural district hospital, kenya. | we analysed 336 non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) isolated from children <13 years of age with bacteraemia admitted to a rural district hospital in kenya from 1994 to 2005. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to determine genetic relatedness of strains, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was also performed. most nts were either salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (n=114; 33.9%) or s. enterica serovar enteritidis (n=128; 38.1%), with minimal genotypic diversity over the study period. ... | 2006 | 16904874 |
| regulation of salmonella pathogenicity island 2 genes by independent environmental signals. | the function of a type iii secretion system (t3ss) encoded by salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi2) is essential for the intracellular lifestyle of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. expression of spi2 genes is induced within the salmonella-containing vacuole (scv) inside host cells and is controlled by the ssrab two-component system. however, the nature of the signals leading to expression of spi2 genes is controversial. here we report that expression of spi2 genes can be induced indep ... | 2006 | 16904940 |
| a steric antagonism of actin polymerization by a salmonella virulence protein. | salmonella spp. require the adp-ribosyltransferase activity of the spvb protein for intracellular growth and systemic virulence. spvb covalently modifies actin, causing cytoskeletal disruption and apoptosis. we report here the crystal structure of the catalytic domain of spvb, and we show by mass spectrometric analysis that spvb modifies actin at arg177, inhibiting its atpase activity. we also describe two crystal structures of spvb-modified, polymerization-deficient actin. these structures reve ... | 2006 | 16905096 |
| effect of selective growth media on the differentiation of salmonella enterica serovars by fourier-transform mid-infrared spectroscopy. | salmonella enterica serovars are prevalent foodborne pathogens responsible for high numbers of salmonellosis each year. complex fourier-transform infrared (ftir) spectra offer unique biochemical fingerprints of bacteria with bands due to major cellular components. growth media effects on discrimination of salmonella serovars by ftir spectroscopy were investigated and a novel sample preparation technique was developed. s. enterica strains from six serovars were grown on xylose lysine desoxycholat ... | 2007 | 16905206 |
| identification, cloning and characterization of cysk, the gene encoding o-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase from azospirillum brasilense, which is involved in tellurite resistance. | o-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase (cysteine synthase) was purified from azospirillum brasilense sp7. after hydrolysis of the purified protein, amino acid sequences of five peptides were obtained, which permitted the cloning and sequencing of the cysk gene. the deduced amino acid sequence of cysteine synthase exhibited homology with several putative proteins from alpha- and gammaproteobacteria. azospirillum brasilense sp7 cysk exhibited 58% identity (72% similarity) with escherichia coli k12 and salmo ... | 2006 | 16907731 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of lactobacillus helveticus strain ks300 against diarrhoeagenic, uropathogenic and vaginosis-associated bacteria. | the purpose of this study was to investigate in vitro the antibacterial activity of the lactobacillus helveticus strain ks300 against vaginosis-associated bacteria including gardnerella vaginalis and prevotella bivia, uropathogenic escherichia coli, and diarrhoeagenic salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | 2006 | 16907815 |
| an outbreak of salmonella abortusovis abortions in sheep in south croatia. | the aim of the study was to give an account of the epidemic of abortions in sheep caused by salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar abortusovis, which occurred in dalmatia, south croatia, in winter 2003-2004. five sheep flocks with rate of abortion ranging from 22% to 38% during the last-third of gestation were examined. salmonella abortusovis was isolated from 13 vaginal smears and two fetuses. direct inoculation was found to be superior to pre-enrichment and enrichment in selective broth for ... | 2006 | 16907961 |
| paneth cell alpha-defensin synthesis and function. | endogenous antimicrobial peptides (amps) mediate innate immunity in every species in which they have been investigated. cathelicidins and defensins are the two major amp families in mammals, and they are abundant components of phagocytic leukocytes and are released by epithelial cells at mucosal surfaces. in the small intestine, paneth cells at the base of the crypts of lieberkühn secrete alpha-defensins and additional amps at high levels in response to cholinergic stimulation and when exposed t ... | 2006 | 16909916 |
| evaluation of an in-house rapid diagnostic method for detection of salmonella enterica serovar typhi in fecal specimens. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi is the etiological agent of typhoid fever. laboratory diagnosis requires isolation and identification of the organism from the patient's blood or feces. feces is the specimen most commonly submitted to laboratories. detection of bacterial antigens is an important adjunct to laboratory diagnosis. we carried out an in-house diagnostic method by preparing test reagents comprising of latex beads coated with specific antisera to detect vi, o9 and h-d antigens of s. t ... | 2006 | 16910055 |
| encapsulation of antigenic extracts of salmonella enterica serovar. abortusovis into polymeric systems and efficacy as vaccines in mice. | the properties of drug-vaccine delivery systems based on the use of biodegradable polymers, and its application in the control of experimental infection by salmonella enterica serovar. abortusovis (sao), are described in this manuscript. micelles of major membrane antigens from sao (hsao extract) can be encapsulated in microparticles of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) or in nanoparticles of gantrez polymer. the encapsulation process was optimized by the combined use of cyclodextrins. the resulting pa ... | 2006 | 16914273 |
| ctx-m-producing salmonella spp. in hong kong: an emerging problem. | two salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates and one s. enterica serovar enteritidis isolate that were resistant to 4 microg cefotaxime ml-1 and produced ctx-m-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) were characterized from patients in hong kong during 2003-2004. the s. typhimurium strain isolated in 2003 produced a ctx-m-9 esbl and harboured a blactx-m-9 gene that was associated with a class i integron-containing gene cassette and orf513 similar to those of in60. the second s. ty ... | 2006 | 16914655 |
| heat-shock transcription factor (hsf)-1 pathway required for caenorhabditis elegans immunity. | innate immunity comprises physical barriers, pattern-recognition receptors, antimicrobial substances, phagocytosis, and fever. here we report that increased temperature results in the activation of a conserved pathway involving the heat-shock (hs) transcription factor (hsf)-1 that enhances immunity in the invertebrate caenorhabditis elegans. the hsf-1 defense response is independent of the p38 mapk/pmk-1 pathway and requires a system of chaperones including small and 90-kda inducible hs proteins ... | 2006 | 16916933 |
| in vivo induced antigen technology (iviat) and change mediated antigen technology (cmat). | in this chapter, an overview of in vivo induced antigen technology (iviat) and change mediated antigen technology (cmat) will be presented, including a discussion of the advantages and limitations of these methods. over fifteen different microbial pathogens have been or are known to be currently studied with these methods. salient data obtained from the application of iviat and/or cmat to a selection of human and plant pathogens will be summarized. this includes recent reports on streptococcus p ... | 2006 | 16918490 |
| prophylactic anti-tumor immunity against a murine fibrosarcoma triggered by the salmonella type iii secretion system. | the potential of an attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain as a prophylactic anti-tumor vaccine against the murine fibrosarcoma wehi 164 was evaluated. tumor cells were transfected with the dna sequence encoding the mhc class i-restricted peptide p60(217-225) from listeria monocytogenes. balb/c mice received a single orogastric immunization with salmonella that translocates a chimeric p60 protein via its type iii secretion system. mice were subsequently challenged subcutaneous ... | 2006 | 16919987 |
| the pilz domain is a receptor for the second messenger c-di-gmp: the pilz domain protein ycgr controls motility in enterobacteria. | the ubiquitous bacterial second messenger c-di-gmp controls exopolysaccharide synthesis, flagella- and pili-based motility, gene expression, and interactions of bacteria with eukaryotic hosts. with the exception of bacterial cellulose synthases, the identities of c-di-gmp receptors and end targets have remained unknown. recently, amikam and galperin (amikam, d., and galperin, m. (2006) bioinformatics 22, 3-6) hypothesized that the pilz domains present in the bcsa subunits of bacterial cellulose ... | 2006 | 16920715 |
| triclosan and antimicrobial resistance in bacteria: an overview. | triclosan is a widely used biocide that is considered as an effective antimicrobial agent against different microorganisms. it is included in many contemporary consumer and personal health-care products, like oral and dermal products, but also in household items, including plastics and textiles. at bactericidal concentrations, triclosan appears to act upon multiple nonspecific targets, causing disruption of bacterial cell wall functions, while at sublethal concentrations, triclosan affects speci ... | 2006 | 16922622 |
| serologic evidence for effective production of cytolysin a in salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi a during human infection. | clyasty and clyaspaa are closely related pore-forming cytolysins of salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi a whose expression is strongly repressed under standard in vitro growth conditions. we show here that human infections by these pathogens cause a specific antibody response to clya, indicating effective toxin production during infection. | 2006 | 16923786 |
| allosteric control of cyclic di-gmp signaling. | cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate is a bacterial second messenger that has been implicated in biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and persistence of pathogenic bacteria in their animal host. although the enzymes responsible for the regulation of cellular levels of c-di-gmp, diguanylate cyclases (dgc) and phosphodiesterases, have been identified recently, little information is available on the molecular mechanisms involved in controlling the activity of these key enzymes or on the specific ... | 2006 | 16923812 |
| partial purification and cytotoxic effects of salmonella proteinous moieties on chick embryo fibroblasts. | salmonella enterica serovars, viz., s. weltevreden, s. typhimurium, s. gallinarum and s. bareilly were treated with cephotaxime to release of intracellular proteins. the cephotaxime extract (ce) was salt precipitated with ammonium sulphate (45-70%) and dialyzed, and denoted as precipitated dialyzed proteins (pdp). further, both ce and pdp of salmonella weltevreden and pdp of rest of the serovars were subjected to gel filtration using sephacryl s-200hr. different fractions along with ce and pdp w ... | 2006 | 16924838 |
| exopolysaccharides produced by probiotic strains modify the adhesion of probiotics and enteropathogens to human intestinal mucus. | exopolysaccharides (epss) are exocellular polymers present in the surface of many bacteria, including lactobacillus and bifidobacterium. the genome sequence of several strains revealed the presence of eps-encoding genes. however, the physiological role that epss play in the bacterial ecology still remains uncertain. in this study, we have assessed the effect of epss produced by lactobacillus rhamnosus gg, bifidobacterium longum nb667, and bifidobacterium animalis ipla-r1 on the adhesion of probi ... | 2006 | 16924934 |
| microbial evasion of the immune system: structural modifications of enterobactin impair siderocalin recognition. | the mammalian protein siderocalin binds and inactivates the ferric complex of the bacterial siderophore enterobactin with a kd value similar to that of the bacterial receptor fepa. however, microorganisms can evade this immune response by structural modifications of the siderophore. the binding of siderophores by siderocalin relies in part on electrostatic interactions and does not depend greatly on what metal is in the complex. it is also sterically limited by the rigid conformation of the prot ... | 2006 | 16925397 |
| detection of egg yolk antibodies reflecting salmonella enteritidis infections using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. | a surface plasmon resonance (spr) biosensor assay was developed on the basis of a lipopolysaccharide antigen of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enterica serovar enteritidis) to detect egg yolk antibodies against s. enterica serovar enteritidis. this biosensor assay was compared to two commercial elisa kits based on lps antigen and flagellar antigen. a number of 163 egg yolk and combined egg white and yolk samples from chickens experimentally infected with s. enterica serovar enteriti ... | 2006 | 16926019 |
| chronic salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium-induced colitis and cholangitis in streptomycin-pretreated nramp1+/+ mice. | salmonella enterica subspecies 1 serovar typhimurium is an enteric bacterial pathogen infecting a broad range of hosts. in susceptible nramp1(-/-) (slc11alpha1(-/-)) mice, serovar typhimurium cannot efficiently colonize the intestine but causes a systemic typhoid-like infection. however, after pretreatment with streptomycin, these susceptible (c57bl/6 and balb/c) mice develop acute serovar typhimurium-induced colitis (m. barthel et al., infect. immun. 71:2839-2858, 2003). it was not clear whethe ... | 2006 | 16926396 |
| thioredoxin 1 promotes intracellular replication and virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the effect of the cytoplasmic reductase and protein chaperone thioredoxin 1 on the virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium was evaluated by deleting the trxa, trxb, or trxc gene of the cellular thioredoxin system, the grxa or gsha gene of the glutathione/glutaredoxin system, or the dsbc gene coding for a thioredoxin-dependent periplasmic disulfide bond isomerase. mutants were tested for tolerance to oxidative and nitric oxide donor substances in vitro, for invasion and intracellular ... | 2006 | 16926406 |
| identification of in vivo-induced bacterial protein antigens during human infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | we applied an immunoscreening technique, in vivo-induced antigen technology (iviat), to identify immunogenic bacterial proteins expressed during human infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhi, the cause of typhoid fever. we were able to assign a functional classification to 25 of 35 proteins identified by iviat. of these 25, the majority represent proteins with known or potential roles in the pathogenesis of s. enterica. these include proteins implicated in fimbrial structure and biogene ... | 2006 | 16926408 |
| morphine withdrawal lowers host defense to enteric bacteria: spontaneous sepsis and increased sensitivity to oral salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection. | understanding the consequences of drug withdrawal on immune function and host defense to infection is important. we, and others, previously demonstrated that morphine withdrawal results in immunosuppression and sensitizes to lipopolysaccharide-induced septic shock. in the present study, the effect of morphine withdrawal on spontaneous sepsis and on oral infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium was examined. mice were chronically exposed to morphine for 96 h by implantation of a slo ... | 2006 | 16926415 |
| the salmonella enterica serovar typhi type ivb self-association pili are detached from the bacterial cell by the pilv minor pilus proteins. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi and some strains (vi+) of serovar dublin use type ivb pili to facilitate bacterial self-association, but only when the pilv proteins (potential minor pilus proteins) are not synthesized. pilus-mediated self-association may be important in the pathogenesis of enteric fever. we have shown previously that the extent of dna supercoiling controls the rate of rci-catalyzed inversion of a dna fragment which includes the c-terminal portions of the pilv proteins. this in ... | 2006 | 16926438 |
| predictive efficacy of nalidixic acid resistance as a marker of fluoroquinolone resistance in salmonella enterica var typhi. | resistance in salmonella enterica var typhi (s. typhi) to chloramphenicol, amoxicillin and co-trimoxazole has posed a challenge to treatment of typhoid fever. ciprofloxacin has been the empirical therapy of choice, but the recent increase in minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) to ciprofloxacin in s. typhi, not detectable by disc diffusion (dd) tests, may result in delayed response and serious complications. nalidixic acid (na) resistance has been used as an indirect evidence of increased cipr ... | 2006 | 16926465 |
| h-ns mediates the silencing of laterally acquired genes in bacteria. | histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (h-ns) is a modular protein that is associated with the bacterial nucleoid. we used chromatin immunoprecipitation to determine the binding sites of h-ns and rna polymerase on the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium chromosome. we found that h-ns does not bind to actively transcribed genes and does not co-localize with rna polymerase. this shows that h-ns principally silences gene expression by restricting the access of rna polymerase to the dna. h-ns ... | 2006 | 16933988 |
| rapid detection of gyra and parc mutations in quinolone-resistant salmonella enterica using pyrosequencing technology. | fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum antimicrobials highly effective in the treatment of a wide variety of clinical infections. salmonella gastroenteritis is usually only treated with fluoroquinolones when the patient is elderly or immunocompromised. fluoroquinolones are also used for the treatment of systemic salmonella infection or for long-term salmonella carriage. resistance to quinolones is commonly mediated by point mutations within the topoisomerase genes gyra and parc. pyrosequencing tech ... | 2007 | 16934351 |
| cross-reactive cellular and humoral immune responses to salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium and enteritidis are associated with protection to heterologous re-challenge. | chickens infected with salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium (st) and enteritidis (se) still represent a major source of human food poisoning via consumption of contaminated meat and eggs. vaccination represents a sustainable approach to control salmonella in the chicken and the serovar specificity of immunity has the potential to impact on the need for multivalent vaccines. the issue of cross-reactive immune responses and cross-serovar protection was examined in these experiments. cellular a ... | 2006 | 16935350 |
| detection and characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in salmonella enterica strains of healthy food animals in spain. | to carry out the characterization of the genes encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) and their genetic environments in four expanded-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant salmonella enterica isolates (serovars: two virchow, one enteritidis, one rissen) recovered during the monitoring programmes performed in spain by the vav network from faecal samples of pigs, poultry and laying hens at the slaughterhouse level. | 2006 | 16935865 |
| the escherichia coli k-12 narl and narp proteins insulate the nrf promoter from the effects of integration host factor. | the escherichia coli k-12 nrf operon promoter can be activated fully by the fnr protein (regulator of fumarate and nitrate reduction) binding to a site centered at position -41.5. fnr-dependent transcription is suppressed by integration host factor (ihf) binding at position -54, and this suppression is counteracted by binding of the narl or narp response regulator at position -74.5. the e. coli acs gene is transcribed from a divergent promoter upstream from the nrf operon promoter. transcription ... | 2006 | 16936015 |
| some probiotic properties of vaginal lactobacilli isolated from healthy women. | lactobacilli have long been considered to be protective flora in the vagina. in this study, samples were taken from the lateral vaginal wall of 19 healthy women, and 58 strains of lactobacillus spp. were isolated from 10 of these women. the identification results revealed that lactobacillus gasseri was the predominant lactobacilli in healthy women. the amounts of lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) produced by lactobacillus spp. were determined. the vaginal ph levels induced by lactobac ... | 2006 | 16936344 |
| molecular characterization of salmonella enterica serotype worthington isolated from childhood diarrhea cases in kolkata, india. | 2006 | 16936353 | |
| molecular markers with potential to replace phage typing for salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | using amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis of isolates from 23 phage types, we isolated 11 molecular markers that are potentially useful for molecular typing of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. we tested these and 11 previously studied markers for their ability to discriminate among isolates and for correlation of their distribution with phage types. the simpson's index of discriminatory power for the molecular markers is 0.96. one hundred and twenty one isolates from 3 ... | 2007 | 16938362 |
| evaluation of new-generation serologic tests for the diagnosis of typhoid fever: data from a community-based surveillance in calcutta, india. | although typhoid fever is confirmed by culture of salmonella enterica serotype typhi, rapid and simple diagnostic serologic tests would be useful in developing countries. we examined the performance of widal test in a community field site and compared it with typhidot and tubex tests for diagnosis of typhoid fever. blood samples were collected from 6697 patients with fever for > or =3 days for microscopy, culture, and serologic testing and from randomly selected 172 consenting healthy individual ... | 2006 | 16938421 |
| the salmonella effector protein pipb2 is a linker for kinesin-1. | understanding the mechanisms of salmonella virulence is an important challenge. the capacity of this intracellular bacterial pathogen to cause diseases depends on the expression of virulence factors including the second type iii secretion system (ttss-2), which is used to translocate into the eukaryotic cytosol a set of effector proteins that divert the biology of the host cell and shape the bacterial replicative niche. yet little is known about the eukaryotic functions affected by individual sa ... | 2006 | 16938850 |
| the phop/phoq two-component system stabilizes the alternative sigma factor rpos in salmonella enterica. | the sigma factor rpos regulates the expression of many stress response genes and is required for virulence in several bacterial species. we now report that rpos accumulates when salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is growing logarithmically in media with low mg(2+) concentrations. this process requires the two-component regulatory system phop/phoq, which is specifically activated in low mg(2+). we show that phop controls rpos protein turnover by serving as a transcriptional activator of the ... | 2006 | 16938894 |