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decolorization and detoxification of sulfonated azo dye methyl orange by kocuria rosea mtcc 1532.kocuria rosea (mtcc 1532) showed 100% decolorization of methyl orange (50 mg l(-1)) under static condition. the optimum ph and temperature for dye decolorization was 6.8 and 30 degrees c, respectively. the k. rosea (mtcc 1532) showed maximum decolorization of methyl orange when growth medium containing yeast extract as compared to other substrates. the culture exhibited significant ability to decolorize repeated additions of dye, with reduction in time up to 12 h at eighth dye aliquot addition. ...201019969416
structural differences among alkali-soluble arabinoxylans from maize (zea mays), rice (oryza sativa), and wheat (triticum aestivum) brans influence human fecal fermentation profiles.human fecal fermentation profiles of maize, rice, and wheat bran and their dietary fiber fractions released by alkaline-hydrogen peroxide treatment (principally arabinoxylan) were obtained with the aim of identifying and characterizing fractions associated with high production of short chain fatty acids and a linear fermentation profile for possible application as a slowly fermentable dietary fiber. the alkali-soluble fraction from maize bran resulted in the highest short chain fatty acid produc ...201020000566
discovery, evaluation and distribution of haplotypes of the wheat ppd-d1 gene.ppd-d1 is one of the most potent genes affecting the photoperiod response of wheat (triticum aestivum). only two alleles, insensitive ppd-d1a and sensitive ppd-d1b, were known previously, and these did not adequately explain the broad adaptation of wheat to photoperiod variation. in this study, five diagnostic molecular markers were employed to identify ppd-d1 haplotypes in 492 wheat varieties from diverse geographic locations and 55 accessions of aegilops tauschii, the d genome donor species of ...201020002313
simultaneous determination of rubisco carboxylase and oxygenase kinetic parameters in triticum aestivum and zea mays using membrane inlet mass spectrometry.the lack of complete rubisco kinetic data for numerous species is partly because of the time consuming nature of the multiple methods needed to assay all of the rubisco parameters. we have developed a membrane inlet mass spectrometer method that simultaneously determines the rate of rubisco carboxylation (v(c)) and oxygenation (v(o)), and the co(2) and o(2) concentrations. using the collected data, the michaels-menten equations for v(c) and v(o) in response to changing co(2) and o(2) concentrati ...201020002330
proteolytic activity and cysteine protease expression in wheat leaves under severe soil drought and recovery.the involvement of acidic proteases in soil drought response of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) at seedling stage in three cultivars differing in water stress tolerance was studied. withholding irrigation for seven days resulted in severe drought stress corresponding to 60% leaf water deficit. stressed plants were recovered by providing optimal water supply for 3 days. reversible changes in leaf pigment and protein content were registered, being least expressed in the drought-resistant culti ...201620004107
genetic fusarium chemotyping as a useful tool for predicting nivalenol contamination in winter wheat.fusarium graminearum [teleomorph gibberella zeae] and fusarium culmorum together with fusarium poae are the main species known to produce nivalenol (niv). the niv content in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) harvested in luxembourg was investigated in 2007 and 2008 at 17 different locations. species determination and genetic chemotyping of f. graminearum and f. culmorum were used to understand the spatial distribution of niv producers in wheat from luxembourg. three hundred thirteen f. graminearum, 1 ...201020004994
responses of wheat roots to exogenous selenium supply under enhanced ultraviolet-b.effects of selenium (se) on growth and some physiological traits of roots in wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv han no.7086) seedlings exposed to enhanced ultraviolet-b (uv-b) stress are reported. responses of roots were different depending on the se concentration. compared with the control, root weight of wheat seedlings treated with 1.0 and 2.0 mg se kg(-1) soil increased by 39.47% and 16.28%, respectively. the lower amount se (0.5 mg kg(-1)) and the higher amount se treatments (3.0 mg kg(-1)) did ...201020012381
recruitment of closely linked genes for divergent functions: the seed storage protein (glu-3) and powdery mildew (pm3) genes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).wheat seed storage protein gene loci (glu-3) and powdery mildew resistance gene loci (pm3 and pm3-like) are closely linked on the short arms of homoeologous group 1 chromosomes. to study the structural organization of the glu-3/pm3 loci, three bacterial artificial chromosome clones were sequenced from the a, b, and d genomes of hexaploid wheat. the a and b genome clones contained a glu-3 adjacent to a pm3-like gene organized in a conserved glu-3/sfr159/pm3-like structure. the d genome clone cont ...201020012664
mapping quantitative trait loci for quality factors in an inter-class cross of us and chinese wheat.wheat quality factors are critical in determining the suitability of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) for end-use product and economic value, and they are prime targets for marker-assisted selection. objectives of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) that ultimately influence wheat market class and milling quality. a population of 132 f(12) recombinant inbred lines (rils) was derived by single-seed descent from a cross between the chinese hard wheat line ning7840 and the soft w ...201020012855
cdna cloning and expression analysis of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) phytoene and ζ-carotene desaturase genes.carotene desaturation, an essential step in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, is catalyzed by two carotene desaturases, phytoene desaturase (pds) and ζ-carotene desaturase (ζ-carotene desaturase, zds). full-length cdnas designated tapds and tazds were cloned from wheat (triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring) respectively, using the rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) approach. the cdna of tapds sequence was 2076 bp long, containing a 1731 bp open reading frame (orf) which deduced protein h ...201020013057
selenium accumulation by forage and grain crops and volatilization from seleniferous soils amended with different organic materials.greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to study the direct and residual effect of applying different organic materials on se accumulation by crops and volatilization from seleniferous soils of northwestern india. among organic manures, press mud and poultry manures proved 4-5 times more effective in reducing se accumulation by different crops than farmyard manure. efficiency of organic manures increased with increase in application rates. application of both press mud and poultry manure ...201020015536
molecular cytogenetic characterization of a new wheat-thinopyrum intermedium partial amphiploid resistant to powdery mildew and stripe rust.a partial amphiploid, te253, derived from crosses between the common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar yannong 15 and thinopyrum intermedium (host) barkworth & d.r. dewey was characterized by cytogenetic observations, disease resistance tests and genomic in situ hybridization (gish). mitotic observations showed that most plants of te253 had 56 chromosomes, but a few had 54 or 55 chromosomes. the chromosomes in most pollen mother cells of plants with 2n = 56 formed 28 bivalents. univalents (0 ...200920016129
increasing sucrose uptake capacity of wheat grains stimulates storage protein synthesis.increasing grain sink strength by improving assimilate uptake capacity could be a promising approach toward getting higher yield. the barley (hordeum vulgare) sucrose transporter hvsut1 (sut) was expressed under control of the endosperm-specific hordein b1 promoter (ho). compared with the wild type, transgenic hosut grains take up more sucrose (suc) in vitro, showing that the transgene is functional. grain suc levels are not altered, indicating that suc fluxes are influenced rather than steady-s ...201020018590
tasnrk2.4, an snf1-type serine/threonine protein kinase of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), confers enhanced multistress tolerance in arabidopsis.osmotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and cold are major environmental factors that limit agricultural productivity worldwide. protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation are major signalling events induced by osmotic stress in higher plants. sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase2 family members play essential roles in response to hyperosmotic stresses in arabidopsis, rice, and maize. in this study, the function of tasnrk2.4 in drought, salt, and freezing stresses in arabidopsis wa ...201020022921
generation and analysis of expression sequence tags from haustoria of the wheat stripe rust fungus puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici.stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. in spite of its agricultural importance, the genomics and genetics of the pathogen are poorly characterized. pst transcripts from urediniospores and germinated urediniospores have been examined previously, but little is known about genes expressed during host infection. some genes involved in virulence in other rust fungi have been found to be speci ...200920028560
the efficacy of ultramolecular aqueous dilutions on a wheat germination model as a function of heat and aging-time.this study evaluates the effects of temperature and aging on the efficacy of as(2)o(3) at the 45th decimal potency in a wheat germination model, compared against a control and potentized h(2)o 45×. each treatment-temperature combination was tested on seeds (triticum aestivum l.) of pandas variety, using six petri dishes (33 seeds/dish) per trial, performing eight trials. seeds were pre-treated by poisoning with 0.1% as(2)o(3) solution to reduce germination, to allow a better evaluation of homeop ...201120028717
orthologs of the class a4 heat shock transcription factor hsfa4a confer cadmium tolerance in wheat and rice.cadmium (cd) is a widespread soil pollutant; thus, the underlying molecular controls of plant cd tolerance are of substantial interest. a screen for wheat (triticum aestivum) genes that confer cd tolerance to a cd hypersensitive yeast strain identified heat shock transcription factor a4a (hsfa4a). ta hsfa4a is most similar to the class a4 hsfs from monocots. the most closely related rice (oryza sativa) homolog, os hsfa4a, conferred cd tolerance in yeast, as did ta hsfa4a, but the second most clo ...200920028842
[effects of water stress on protein expression and physiological properties of different genotype wheat (triticum aestivum l.) sprouts].with drought-resistant wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivar changwu 134 and drought-sensitive cultivar zhengyin 1 as test materials, and by using -1.2 mpa peg 6000 to treat their seeds, this paper studied the protein expression and physiological properties of the sprouts under different soil moisture conditions. sds-page analysis showed that water stress induced the production of two new proteins with molecular weights of 39.5 kda and 23.0 kda in changwu 134 but not in zhengyin 1 sprouts. under no ...200920030136
post-translational processing of beta-d-xylanases and changes in extractability of arabinoxylans during wheat germination.endo-1,4-beta-d-xylanase (ec 3.2.1.8, beta-d-xylanase) activity, and arabinoxylan (ax) level and extractability were monitored for the first time simultaneously in wheat kernels (triticum aestivum cv. glasgow) up to 24 days post-imbibition (dpi), both in the absence and presence of added gibberellic acid (ga). roughly three different stages (early, intermediate and late) can be discriminated. addition of ga resulted in a faster increase of water extractable arabinoxylan (weax) level in the early ...201620031435
rumen bacterial diversity dynamics associated with changing from bermudagrass hay to grazed winter wheat diets.rumen bacterial communities in forage-fed and grazing cattle continually adapt to a wide range of changing dietary composition, nutrient density, and environmental conditions. we hypothesized that very distinct community assemblages would develop between the fiber and liquid fractions of rumen contents in animals transitioned from bermudagrass hay diet to a grazed wheat diet. to address this hypothesis, we designed an experiment utilizing a 16s-based btefap pyrosequencing technique to characteri ...201020037795
under what circumstances can process-based simulation models link genotype to phenotype for complex traits? case-study of fruit and grain quality traits.detailed information has arisen from research at gene and cell levels, but it is still incomplete in the context of a quantitative understanding of whole plant physiology. because of their integrative nature, process-based simulation models can help to bridge the gap between genotype and phenotype and assist in deconvoluting genotype-by-environment (gxe) interactions for complex traits. indeed, gxe interactions are emergent properties of simulation models, i.e. unexpected properties generated by ...201020038518
effect of fresh triticum aestivum grass juice on lipid profile of normal rats.to study the hypolipidemic activity of fresh grass juice of triticum aestivum in normal rats.200820040964
gene action of canopy temperature in bread wheat under diverse environments.while canopy temperature (ct) shows a strong and reliable association with yield under drought and heat stress and is used in wheat breeding to select for yield, little is known of its genetic control. the objective of this study was to determine the gene action controlling ct in five wheat populations grown in diverse environments (heat, drought, and well-irrigated conditions). ct showed negative phenotypic correlations with grain yield under drought and well-irrigated environments. additive x ...201020044743
effect of dissolved organic matter on the toxicity of chlorotoluron to triticum aestivum.response of two wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum cv. ym 158 and nm 9) to the herbicide chlorotoluron and the effect of two forms of dissolved organic matter on the chlorotoluron toxicity to the plants were characterized. treatment with chlorotoluron at 10-50 microg/ml inhibited the seed germination and a dose-response was observed. the inhibition of seed germination was correlated to the depression of alpha-amylase activities. to identify whether chlorotoluron induced oxidative damage to wheat ...200620050556
[genetic differentiation of hexaploid wheat inferred from analysis of microsatellite loci].landraces of wheat can serve as important potential sources for extending the genetic basis of selection cultivars. analysis of microsatellites and typing of polymorphism in a representative sample of 347 genotypes, including landraces and selection cultivars, was performed using a set of 38 selected oligonucleotide primer pairs. classification of genotypes with respect to the level of their similarity was performed using cluster analysis. the data obtained pointed to genetic differentiation of ...200920058799
interactive intoxicating and ameliorating effects of tannic acid, aluminum (al), copper (cu), and selenate (seo) in wheat roots: a descriptive and mathematical assessment.tannic acids and tannins are produced by plants and are important components of soil and water organic matter. these polyphenolic compounds form complexes with proteins, metals and soil particulate matter and perform several physiological and ecological functions. the tannic acid (ta) used in our study was a mixture of gallic acid and galloyl glucoses ranging up to nonagalloyl glucose. ta inhibited root elongation in wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l. cv. scout 66) at concentrations >4 mg l(- ...201020059738
bioassay and use in irrigation of untreated and treated wastewaters from phosphate fertilizer industry.wastewater from phosphate fertilizer industry that contains essentially a significant amount of both fluoride and phosphate was treated by separative precipitation of fluoride ions with hydrated lime. thus, a phosphate-rich effluent with low content of fluoride was obtained. the microtoxicity of the treated wastewater was then monitored by lumistox and its phytotoxicity was investigated on tomato (lycopersicon esculentum), wheat (triticum aestivum), maize (zea mays), ryegrass (lolium perenne), a ...201020061024
strategic distribution of protective proteins within bran layers of wheat protects the nutrient-rich endosperm.bran from bread wheat (triticum aestivum 'babbler') grain is composed of many outer layers of dead maternal tissues that overlie living aleurone cells. the dead cell layers function as a barrier resistant to degradation, whereas the aleurone layer is involved in mobilizing organic substrates in the endosperm during germination. we microdissected three defined bran fractions, outer layers (epidermis and hypodermis), intermediate fraction (cross cells, tube cells, testa, and nucellar tissue), and ...201020061449
wireworm management i: stand protection versus wireworm mortality with wheat seed treatments.the efficacy of various insecticidal seed treatments in protecting wheat, triticum aestivum l., from wireworm damage as well as reducing wireworm (coleoptera: elateridae) populations was studied over 3 yr. protection from wireworm damage was measured by postplanting stand counts, and effects on wireworm populations were measured by within-row core samples and by bait traps placed in plots the following spring. the effects of treatments on populations of larger wireworms already present at planti ...200920069841
evaluation of alternative planting strategies to reduce wheat stem sawfly (hymenoptera: cephidae) damage to spring wheat in the northern great plains.wheat, triticum aestivum l., producers are often reluctant to use solid-stemmed wheat cultivars resistant to wheat stem sawfly, cephus cinctus norton (hymenoptera: cephidae), due to concerns regarding yield, efficacy or market opportunities. we evaluated the impact of several planting strategies on wheat yield and quality and wheat stem sawfly infestation at two locations over a three-year period. experimental units consisted of large plots (50 by 200 m) located on commercial farms adjacent to w ...200920069842
expansins expression is associated with grain size dynamics in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).grain weight is one of the most important components of cereal yield and quality. a clearer understanding of the physiological and molecular determinants of this complex trait would provide an insight into the potential benefits for plant breeding. in the present study, the dynamics of dry matter accumulation, water uptake, and grain size in parallel with the expression of expansins during grain growth in wheat were analysed. the stabilized water content of grains showed a strong association wit ...201020080826
heterologous expression of wheat vernalization 2 (tavrn2) gene in arabidopsis delays flowering and enhances freezing tolerance.the vernalization gene 2 (vrn2), is a major flowering repressor in temperate cereals that is regulated by low temperature and photoperiod. here we show that the gene from triticum aestivum (tavrn2) is also regulated by salt, heat shock, dehydration, wounding and abscissic acid. promoter analysis indicates that tavrn2 regulatory region possesses all the specific responsive elements to these stresses. this suggests pleiotropic effects of tavrn2 in wheat development and adaptability to the environm ...020084169
a complete mitochondrial genome of wheat (triticum aestivum cv. chinese yumai), and fast evolving mitochondrial genes in higher plants.plant mitochondrial genomes, encoding necessary proteins involved in the system of energy production, play an important role in the development and reproduction of the plant. they occupy a specific evolutionary pattern relative to their nuclear counterparts. here, we determined the winter wheat (triticum aestivum cv. chinese yumai) mitochondrial genome in a length of 452 and 526 bp by shotgun sequencing its bac library. it contains 202 genes, including 35 known protein-coding genes, three rrna a ...200920086295
allelic variations of functional markers for polyphenol oxidase (ppo) genes in indian bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars. 200920086299
genetic diversity among old portuguese bread wheat cultivars and botanical varieties evaluated by its rdna pcr-rflp markers. 200920086307
[isolation and characterization of an abc-transporter cdna clone from wheat (triticum aestivum l.)].the outmost layer of the surface of any land plant is covered with wax, which protects the inner tissues of plants. the arabidopsis atp binding cassette (abc) transporter, cer5, was found to be an exporter of wax molecules. full-length wheat tacer5 cdna, a sequence homologous to cer5, was isolated. similar to other transporters of the abcg subfamily, tacer5 also has a typical basic structure of nbd-msd (nucleotide-binding folds domain - membrane-spanning domain). although the identity scores of ...201720088377
down-regulation of the cslf6 gene results in decreased (1,3;1,4)-beta-d-glucan in endosperm of wheat.(1,3;1,4)-beta-d-glucan (beta-glucan) accounts for 20% of the total cell walls in the starchy endosperm of wheat (triticum aestivum) and is an important source of dietary fiber for human nutrition with potential health benefits. bioinformatic and array analyses of gene expression profiles in developing caryopses identified the cellulose synthase-like f6 (cslf6) gene as encoding a putative beta-glucan synthase. rna interference constructs were therefore designed to down-regulate cslf6 gene expres ...201020089768
changes in selenium speciation associated with increasing tissue concentrations of selenium in wheat grain.wheat (triticum aestivum) collected in the nawanshahr-hoshiarpur region (punjab, india) showed the highest selenium concentrations ever recorded in cereal grains (29-185 microg g(-1)). there was a strong positive relationship between the selenium content in shoots and that in kernels, showing that grain selenium concentration can be predicted from that in the vegetative tissues of the plant. the identity and content of the selenocompounds in the grain samples and in wheat-based reference materia ...201020102199
generation of transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) accumulating heterologous endo-xylanase or ferulic acid esterase in the endosperm.endo-xylanase (from bacillus subtilis) or ferulic acid esterase (from aspergillus niger) were expressed in wheat under the control of the endosperm-specific 1dx5 glutenin promoter. constructs both with and without the endoplasmic reticulum retention signal (lys-asp-glu-leu) kdel were used. transgenic plants were recovered in all four cases but no qualitative differences could be observed whether kdel was added or not. endo-xylanase activity in transgenic grains was increased between two and thre ...201020102532
tanf-yc11, one of the light-upregulated nf-yc members in triticum aestivum, is co-regulated with photosynthesis-related genes.nuclear factor y (nf-y) is a heterotrimeric transcription factor complex. each of the nf-y subunits (nf-ya, nf-yb and nf-yc) in plants is encoded by multiple genes. quantitative rt-pcr analysis revealed that five wheat nf-yc members (tanf-yc5, 8, 9, 11 and 12) were upregulated by light in both the leaf and seedling shoot. co-expression analysis of affymetrix wheat genome array datasets revealed that transcript levels of a large number of genes were consistently correlated with those of the tanf- ...201020111976
[molecular and biochemical analysis of two genes encoding dehydroascorbate reductase in common wheat].dehydroascorbate reductase (dhar) plays an important role in the recycling of ascorbic acid. in this work, we isolated the full length cdna clones of two different dhar genes (tentatively named as tadhar1 and tadhar2, respectively) from common wheat. semi-quantitative pcr experiments showed that tadhar1 and tadhar2 were transcribed in many vegetative and reproductive organs examined in this work. transient expression analysis using wheat protoplasts indicated that the protein products of tadhar1 ...200920112692
effect of copper on growth, yield and concentration of fe, mn, zn and cu in wheat plants (triticum aestivum l.).a pot experiment was conducted at six graded levels of copper (cu) viz., 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mg kg(-1) to test the response of wheat plants grown in a copper-responsive alluvial soil (entisol) under glass house conditions. the growth attributes like plant height, fresh and dry matter yield, percent dry matter enhanced with increasing cu levels and was maximum at 1.5 mg kg(-1) cu while the number of tillers was minimum at this level. the grain yield at 1.5 mg kg(-1) cu was enhanced by 6 ...200920120484
antioxidative efficiency of triticum aestivum l. exposed to chromium stress.wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv sonalika) seedlings were grown in presence of k2cr2o7 (10, 50 and 100 ppm) for 7 days and growth, total chlorophyll, activities of antioxidative enzymes like superoxide dismutase (sod; ec 1.15.1.1), catalase (cat; ec 1.11.1.6) and guaiacol peroxidase (pox; ec 1.11.1.7) and lipid peroxidation were determined in root and shoot tissues. growth of the seedlings was significantly (p < or = 0.05) depressed and at 100 ppm, root length was reduced by 63% and shoot length b ...200920120493
molecular characterization of the sasanda ltr copia retrotransposon family uncovers their recent amplification in triticum aestivum (l.) genome.retrotransposons constitute a major proportion of the triticeae genomes. genome-scale studies have revealed their role in evolution affecting both genome structure and function and their potential for the development of novel markers. in this study, family members of an ltr copia retrotransposon which mediated the duplication of the gene encoding the high molecular weight glutenin subunit bx7 in cultivar glenlea were characterized. this novel element was named sasanda_eu157184-1 (trep3516). high ...201020127492
effects of water deficit and spraying of dessicant on yield, yield components and water use efficiency of wheat genotypes.to evaluate yield, yield components and water use efficiency of bread wheat in water stress conditions and spraying of dessicant, a field experiment was carried out in 2006-2007 and 2007-2008. main plots were assigned to two levels of water stress treatments; d1: optimum irrigation and d2: cessation of watering from anthesis to maturity stages. sub plots were assigned to eight bread wheat genotypes; and assimilates limitations with two levels: p1: no source limitation and p2: inhibition of curre ...200920128510
noninvasive diagnosis of seed viability using infrared thermography.recent advances in the noninvasive analyses of plant metabolism include stress imaging techniques, mainly developed for vegetative tissues. we explored if infrared thermography can be used to predict whether a quiescent seed will germinate or die upon water uptake. thermal profiles of viable, aged, and dead pisum sativum seeds were recorded, and image analysis of 22,000 images per individual seed showed that infrared thermography can detect imbibition- and germination-associated biophysical and ...201020133712
gst profile expression study in some selected plants: in silico approach.glutathione acts as a protein disulphide reductant, which detoxifies herbicides by conjugation, either spontaneously or by the activity of one of a number of glutathione-s-transferases (gsts), and regulates gene expression in response to environmental stress and pathogen attack. gsts play roles in both normal cellular metabolisms as well as in the detoxification of a wide variety of xenobiotic compounds, and they have been intensively studied with regard to herbicide detoxification in plants. a ...201020135200
multiplex real-time rt-pcr for detection of wheat streak mosaic virus and triticum mosaic virus.wheat streak mosaic virus (wsmv) and triticum mosaic virus (trimv) are widespread throughout the southwestern great plains states. when using conventional diagnostics such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa), these two viruses are commonly found together in infected wheat samples. methods for molecular detection have been developed for wheat viral pathogens, but until recently no multiplex method for detection of both wsmv and trimv within a single sample was available. therefore, the ...201020138086
marker-assisted characterization of durum wheat langdon-golden ball disomic substitution lines.the durum wheat cultivar 'golden ball' (gb) is a source of resistance to wheat sawfly due to its superior solid stem. in the late 1980s, dr. leonard joppa developed a complete set of 14 'langdon' (ldn)-gb disomic substitution (ds) lines by using gb as the chromosome donor and ldn as the recipient. however, these substitution lines have not been previously characterized and reported in the literature. the objectives of this study were to confirm the authenticity of the substituted chromosomes and ...201020140662
molecular characterization of novel low-molecular-weight glutenin genes in aegilops longissima.extensive genetic variations of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gs) and their coding genes were found in the wild diploid a- and d-genome donors of common wheat. in this study, we reported the isolation and characterization of 8 novel lmw-gs genes from ae.longissima schweinf. & muschl., a species of the section sitopsis of the genus aegilops, which is closely related to the b genome of common wheat. based on the n-terminal domain sequences, the 8 genes were divided into 3 groups. a c ...201020145295
characterization and comparative analysis of wheat high molecular weight glutenin subunits by sds-page, rp-hplc, hpce, and maldi-tof-ms.high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) from 60 germplasms including 30 common wheat cultivars and 30 related species were separated and characterized by a suite of separation methods including sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc), high-performance capillary electrophoresis (hpce), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof-ms). comparative an ...201020146422
evolution of flowering time in experimental wheat populations: a comprehensive approach to detect genetic signatures of natural selection.in annual plant species, flowering time is a major adaptive trait that synchronizes the initiation of reproduction with favorable environmental conditions. here, we aimed at studying the evolution of flowering time in three experimental populations of bread wheat, grown in contrasting environments (northern to southern france) for 12 generations. by comparing the distribution of phenotypic and presumably neutral variation, we first showed that flowering time responded to selection during the 12 ...201020148950
population structure of wild wheat d-genome progenitor aegilops tauschii coss.: implications for intraspecific lineage diversification and evolution of common wheat.aegilops tauschii coss. is the d-genome progenitor of hexaploid wheat. aegilops tauschii, a wild diploid species, has a wide natural species range in central eurasia, spreading from turkey to western china. amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis using a total of 122 accessions of ae. tauschii was conducted to clarify the population structure of this widespread wild wheat species. phylogenetic and principal component analyses revealed two major lineages in ae. tauschii. bayesian p ...201020149088
secondary metabolites produced by a root-inhabiting sterile fungus antagonistic towards pathogenic fungi.a sterile red fungus (srf) isolated from cortices of roots of both wheat (triticum aestivum cv. gamenya) and ryegrass (lolium rigidum cv. wimmera) was found to protect the hosts from phytopathogens and promote plant growth. in this work, the major secondary metabolites produced by this srf were analysed, and their antibiotic and plant-growth-promoting activities investigated.201020156309
structural investigations on arabinogalactan-protein from wheat, isolated with yariv reagent.for the first time a pure arabinogalactan-protein (agp) could be isolated from whole grain of wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) by performing a double precipitation with beta-glucosyl yariv reagent. the putative bioactive agp has been characterized with regard to its polysaccharide and protein parts. analytical investigations by glc-ms and (13)c nmr revealed a carbohydrate moiety consisting of a 1,3-galp backbone, linked in position 6 to short 1,6-galp-chains, terminating in araf. in the protein par ...201020163180
feasibility of physical map construction from fingerprinted bacterial artificial chromosome libraries of polyploid plant species.the presence of closely related genomes in polyploid species makes the assembly of total genomic sequence from shotgun sequence reads produced by the current sequencing platforms exceedingly difficult, if not impossible. genomes of polyploid species could be sequenced following the ordered-clone sequencing approach employing contigs of bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clones and bac-based physical maps. although bac contigs can currently be constructed for virtually any diploid organism wit ...201020170511
[inheritance analysis of resistant starch content in kernels of wheat].in this study, three wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars with high and low levels of resistant starch contents each were selected to obtain 15 f1 combinations from a diallel cross without reciprocals to be used to study the inheritance of resistant starch content. the results of this study are useful to select new wheat cultivar with high level of resistant starch content. annong 90202 and d68-20 were the best among the wheat cultivars tested for general combining ability of resistant starch ...201020176562
elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide effects on soybean and sorghum gas exchange in conventional and no-tillage systems.increasing atmospheric co(2) concentration has led to concerns about potential effects on production agriculture. in the fall of 1997, a study was initiated to compare the response of two crop management systems (conventional tillage and no-tillage) to elevated co(2). the study used a split-plot design replicated three times with two management systems as main plots and two atmospheric co(2) levels (ambient and twice ambient) as split plots using open-top chambers on a decatur silt loam soil (cl ...201320176833
application of hansch's model to capsaicinoids and capsinoids: a study using the quantitative structure-activity relationship. a novel method for the synthesis of capsinoids.we describe a synthetic approach for two families of compounds, the capsaicinoids and capsinoids, as part of a study of the quantitative relationship between structure and activity. a total of 14 capsaicinoids of increasing lateral chain lengths, from 2 to 16 carbon atoms, were synthesized. in addition, 14 capsinoids with identical lateral chains, as well as capsiate and dihydrocapsiate, have been synthesized, and a new method for the synthesis of these compounds has been developed. the yields r ...201020178388
kinetics and substrate selectivity of a triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (taxi) resistant d11f/r122d variant of bacillus subtilis xyna xylanase.this study examined the kinetics and substrate selectivity of a gh11 bacillus subtilis xyna xylanase (bsx) sensitive to inhibition by taxi and an engineered variant, which is much less inhibited by taxi (bsx(mut)). the main purpose of the work was to elucidate any influence of the structural point mutations on the kinetics and substrate selectivity of the enzyme. three-dimensional structures of both xylanases were superimposed to elucidate the structural basis for differences in their hydrolytic ...201020188130
ecotoxicological risk assessment of undisturbed metal contaminated soil at two remote lighthouse sites.ecotoxicological risk assessments of contaminated soil are commonly completed using guideline values based on total concentrations. however, only certain fractions of contaminants are bioavailable and pose a hazard to the environment. this paper investigates the relationship between measured metal concentrations in soil and soil leachate, and the effects in organisms exposed to intact, undisturbed soil cores (wheat, tricum aestivum) and soil leachate (lettuce, lactuca sativa, and water flea, dap ...201020189647
toxic effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plant.toxic effects of different concentrations (0.1-200mgl(-1)) of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) on wheat (triticumaestivum l.) were investigated using the growing and developmental indexes of wheat, including length and biomass of roots and leaves, chlorophyll, soluble protein, peroxidase (pod), superoxide dismutase (sod) in the seedlings and permeability of root cells. the results showed that pfos had significant (p<0.05) effects on the growth of wheat seedlings under the experimental conditions ...201020193959
genotoxicity of tetracycline as an emerging pollutant on root meristem cells of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).increasing attention has been paid to antibiotic contamination as an increasingly serious environmental issue. tetracycline has been widely used for decades in human and veterinary medicines, with incremental residues in the environment and adverse influences on living organisms. in the present study, the genetic toxicity of tetracycline was investigated using a bioassay method with wheat (triticum aestivum l.) root-meristem cells at a concentration range of 0.25-300 mg l(-1) and exposure times ...201020196145
fine mapping fhb4, a major qtl conditioning resistance to fusarium infection in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).qfhi.nau-4b is a major quantitative trait locus (qtl) against fusarium graminearum infection identified in the fusarium head blight-resistant germplasm wangshuibai. to fine map this qtl, a recombinant inbred line (ril) population of 530 lines derived from nanda2419 x wangshuibai and the bc(3)f(2) population derived from the cross of a qfhi.nau-4b near isogenic line (nil) with susceptible cultivar mianyang 99-323 as the recurrent parent were screened for recombinants occurred between microsatelli ...201020198469
pyramiding qtl increases seedling resistance to crown rot (fusarium pseudograminearum) of wheat (triticum aestivum).crown rot of wheat (triticum aestivum), predominantly caused by the fungus fusarium pseudograminearum, has become an increasingly important disease constraint in many winter cereal production regions in australia. our group has previously identified a range of quantitative trait loci (qtl) for partial resistance to crown rot in various bread wheat sources. here, we report on work that has assessed the effectiveness of pyramiding qtl to improve resistance to crown rot. two doubled haploid populat ...201020198470
[role of lipoxygenase in the determination of wheat grain quality].analysis of the correlation between endogenous lipoxygenase activity and 15 wheat grain quality parameters in three bread wheat populations has shown that enzyme activity influences the weight of 1000 grains, dough deformation energy, dough tenacity, and mixing properties. the correlations between the enzyme activity and the basic quality parameters are negative at high activity levels. the optimum values of specific lipoxygenase activity at which all quality parameters studied have the maximum ...201020198925
[the influence of 24-epibrassidinole on the hormone status of wheat plants under sodium chloride].we studied the influence of the preconditioning of wheat germ (triticum aestivum l.) with 0.4 microm 24-epibrassidinole (eb) on the growth and hormone status of plants under the influence of 2% nacl. the preconditioning with eb promoted the lowering of the extent of the damaging influence of pickling on the growth of germs. the important contribution to the realization of the protective action of eb in the preconditioning of plants is probably that of its ability to lower the level of stress-ind ...201520198927
[comparative cytological and molecular analysis of introgressive common wheat lines containing genetic material of triticum timopheevii zhur].a total of 40 introgressive lines of common wheat (2n = 42) triticum aestivum l x t. timopheevii zhuk., resistant to brown rust and partly to powdery mildew, were examined. based on cytological analysis of meiosis in pollen mother cells (pmc), hybrid lines were subdivided into two groups characterized by either stable or unstable meiosis. in cytologically stable lines, chromosome configuration at the mi stage of meiosis was mostly bivalent (21ii) with small proportion of defect cells (almost 10% ...200920198972
[production of alloplasmic and euplasmic wheat-barley ditelosomic substitution lines 7h(1)lmar(7d) and analysis of the 18s/5s mitochondrial repeat in these lines].alloplasmic lines of common wheat with disomic substitution of chromosome 7d for telocentric chromosome 7h(1)lmar of barley h. marinum subsp. gussoneanum hudson were isolated from the plants of generation bc3, produced as a result of backcrossing of barley-wheat hybrids h. marinum subsp. gussoneanum (2n = 28) x x t. aestivum (2n = 42), pyrotrix, cultivar, with 28 common wheat cultivars pyrotrix 28 and novosibirskaya 67. chromosome substitution pattern was determined using ssr analysis and c-band ...200920198973
nitrogen supply and cyanide concentration influence the enrichment of nitrogen from cyanide in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.).cyanide assimilation by the beta-cyanoalanine pathway produces asparagine, aspartate and ammonium, allowing cyanide to serve as alternate or supplemental source of nitrogen. experiments with wheat and sorghum examined the enrichment of (15)n from cyanide as a function of external cyanide concentration in the presence or absence of nitrate and/or ammonium. cyanogenic nitrogen became enriched in plant tissues following exposure to (15)n-cyanide concentrations from 5 to 200 microm, but when exposur ...201020199620
the chromosome content and genotype of two wheat cell lines and of their somatic fusion product with oat.somatic hybridization seeks to genetically combine phylogenetically distant parents. an effective system has been established in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) involving protoplasts from a non-totipotent cell line adapted to in vitro culture (t(1)) in combination with totipotent protoplasts harvested from embryogenic calli (t(2)). here, we report the karyotype and genotype of t(1) and t(2). line t(1) carries nine a (a-genome of wheat), seven b (b-genome of wheat) and eight d (d-genome of whe ...201020204401
acaricidal effect of different diatomaceous earth formulations against tyrophagus putrescentiae (astigmata: acaridae) on stored wheat.laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate the effect of different diatomaceous earth (de) formulations against adults and immature stages of the stored-product mite species tyrophagus putrescentiae (schrank). five de formulations were used in the tests: silicosec, pyrisec, insecto, protect-it, and dea-p. the tests were conducted at 25 degrees c and 75% rh, on wheat, triticum aestivum l., treated with des at two dose rates, 0.2 and 0.5 g/kg. the mortality of mite individuals was measured af ...201020214386
effects of short exposures to spinosad-treated wheat or maize on four stored-grain insects.the effect of short exposures to spinosad-treated wheat, triticum aestivum l., or maize, zea mays l., was evaluated against adults of four stored-product insect species: lesser grain borer, rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (coleoptera: bostrichidae); rice weevil, sitophilus oryzae (l.) (coleoptera: curculionidae); red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum (herbst) (coleoptera: tenebrionidae); and the psocid lepinotus reticulatus (enderlein) (psocoptera: trogiidae). adult mortality of these species was reco ...201020214387
non-coding small rnas responsive to abiotic stress in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).plant small rnas are emerging as significant components of epigenetic processes and of gene networks involved in development and homeostasis. in this paper, to identify small rnas in wheat, 2,076 small rnas were identified in a small rna library from leaf, root, and spike. these small rnas mapped to non-coding regions the cds region of protein-coding genes and 5' utr and 3' utr regions. the expression of small rnas in seedling leaves, roots, and spikes were analyzed by northern blot, which indic ...201020217168
aphid resistance in wheat varieties.as an environmentally compatible alternative to the use of conventional insecticides to control cereal aphids, we have investigated the possibility to exploit natural resistance to insect pests in wheat varieties. we have tested a wide range of hexaploid (triticum aestivum), tetraploid (t. durum) and diploid (t. boeoticum and t. monococcum) wheat lines for resistance to the bird cherry oat aphid (rhopalosiphum padi). lines tested included russian wheat aphid (diuraphis noxia), greenbug (schizaph ...200920218532
influence of sulfur deficiency on the expression of specific sulfate transporters and the distribution of sulfur, selenium, and molybdenum in wheat.interactions between sulfur (s) nutritional status and sulfate transporter expression in field-grown wheat (triticum aestivum) were investigated using broadbalk +s and -s treatments (s fertilizer withheld) at rothamsted, united kingdom. in 2008, s, sulfate, selenium (se), and molybdenum (mo) concentrations and sulfate transporter gene expression were analyzed throughout development. total s concentrations were lower in all tissues of -s plants, principally as a result of decreased sulfate pools. ...201020219830
biosorption of heavy metal ions using wheat based biosorbents--a review of the recent literature.conventional technologies for the removal/remediation of toxic metal ions from wastewaters are proving expensive due to non-regenerable materials used and high costs. biosorption is emerging as a technique offering the use of economical alternate biological materials for the purpose. functional groups like carboxyl, hydroxyl, sulphydryl and amido present in these biomaterials, make it possible for them to attach metal ions from waters. every year, large amounts of straw and bran from triticum ae ...201020223652
predicted no effect concentration (pnec) for triclosan to terrestrial species (invertebrates and plants).triclosan (tcs) is an antimicrobial agent which is used as a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic and found in personal care products, and due to this it is spread in the environment. aquatic toxicity studies have been reported, but little data is available for its toxicity to terrestrial organisms. the main purpose of this study was to assess the toxicity of tcs in the terrestrial environment, using a battery of soil species, belonging to different taxonomic levels. the species included the invertebra ...201020227762
cytological dissection and molecular characterization of chromosome 1r derived from 'burgas 2' common wheat.rye chromosome 1r harbors many agronomically important genes such as resistance genes for rusts. using the gametocidal system, we dissected the 1r chromosome substituted for wheat chromosome 1b in a common wheat cultivar 'burgas 2'. the gametocidal system induces chromosomal breakage in the 1r chromosome, as well as in wheat chromosomes. we cytologically examined a pool of prescreened common wheat plants that had been shown to have single or multiple rearranged 1r chromosomes and established 95 ...200920228578
variability in indian bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties differing in nitrogen efficiency as assessed by microsatellite markers.wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is a staple food for half of the world. its productivity and agronomical practices, especially for nitrogen supplementation, is governed by the nitrogen efficiency (ne) of the genotypes. we analyzed 16 popular cultivated indian varieties of wheat for their ne and variability estimates using a set of 21 simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers, derived from each wheat chromosome. these genotypes were categorized into three groups, viz., low, moderate, and high nitrogen ef ...201020229131
simulation of wheat growth and development based on organ-level photosynthesis and assimilate allocation.intimate relationships exist between form and function of plants, determining many processes governing their growth and development. however, in most crop simulation models that have been created to simulate plant growth and, for example, predict biomass production, plant structure has been neglected. in this study, a detailed simulation model of growth and development of spring wheat (triticum aestivum) is presented, which integrates degree of tillering and canopy architecture with organ-level ...201020231326
selected carbohydrate metabolism genes show coincident expression peaks in grains of in vitro-cultured immature spikes of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).an in vitro culture system is useful to study grain development under defined conditions to minimize confounding effects associated with whole plant studies and metabolite movement into the developing grains. the objective of this study was to monitor the expression patterns of carbohydrate metabolism genes during grain development in an in vitro wheat spike culture system. immature spikes were cultured prior to anthesis, and grains were collected at various days postanthesis (dpa). grains from ...201020235533
effects of chlorimuron-ethyl and cadimum on biomass growth and cadimum accumulation of wheat in the phaiozem area, northeast china.the joint effect of chlorimuron-ethyl and cadmium (cd) on biomass growth and cadmium accumulation in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was investigated and compared with single-factor effect of soil cadmium pollution. the results showed that dry biomass of wheat had significantly (p < 0.01) negative relationships with increasing concentrations of chlorimuron-ethyl and cadmium in phaiozem. the highest inhibition rates observed were 76.2%, 62.7% and 55.6% for roots, shoots and glumes, respectively, whe ...201020237912
wdbtf: an integrated database resource for studying wheat transcription factor families.transcription factors (tfs) regulate gene expression by interacting with promoters of their target genes and are classified into families based on their dna-binding domains. genes coding for tfs have been identified in the sequences of model plant genomes. the rice (oryza sativa spp. japonica) genome contains 2,384 tf gene models, which represent the mrna transcript of a locus, classed into 63 families.201020298594
cop: a database for characterizing co-expressed gene modules with biological information in plants.using a large dataset (10 022 assays) obtained from public plant microarray databases, we developed the cop database for associating co-expressed gene modules with biological information such as gene ontology terms and, if available, metabolic pathway names. the confeito algorithm developed previously in our laboratory, which is suitable to calculate the interconnectivity between genes in co-expressed gene network, was applied to extract co-expressed gene modules. the database includes the gene ...201020305269
analysis of transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) harboring a maize (zea mays l.) gene for plastid ef-tu: segregation pattern, expression and effects of the transgene.we previously reported that transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) carrying a maize (zea mays l.) gene (zmeftu1) for chloroplast protein synthesis elongation factor, ef-tu, displays reduced thermal aggregation of leaf proteins, reduced injury to photosynthetic membranes (thylakoids), and enhanced rate of co(2) fixation following exposure to heat stress (18 h at 45 degrees c) [fu et al. in plant mol biol 68:277-288, 2008]. in the current study, we investigated the segregation pattern and express ...201020306118
effect of seabuckthorn extract on delayed chlorophyll fluorescence on cd and co ions treated wheat seedlings.the protecting effect of "hypporamine pl" compound isolated from dry leaves of seabuckthorn (hippophae rhamneides l.) on photosystem 2 (ps2) activity suppression induced by cdcl2 and cocl2 treatment in the 7-day-old wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.) under different ph of growth medium was investigated by measurement of millisecond delayed fluorescence (ms-df) of chlorophyll intact leaves. the value o-i/p-s of ms-df ratio was reduced under the cd2+ and co2+ treatments on 60 and 65% respectiv ...200920329404
isolation and characterization of indole acetic acid (iaa) producing klebsiella pneumoniae strains from rhizosphere of wheat (triticum aestivum) and their effect on plant growth.the present study was undertaken for isolation of klebsiella strains from rhizosphere of wheat (t. aestivum), screening and characterization of these strains for in vitro indole acetic acid (iaa) production and studying the effect of these strains on plant growth under gnotobiotic conditions. nine strains of klebsiella were isolated from rhizosphere of wheat (var. lokwan) and identified as k. pneumoniae by 16s rrna gene sequencing. six k. pneumoniae strains showed in vitro iaa production. colori ...200920329704
production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide following introduction of nitrate and nitrite into wheat leaf apoplast.infiltration of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedling leaves with excess of nitrate, nitrite, or the no donor sodium nitroprusside leads to increase both in content of hydroperoxide and activity of peroxidase and decrease in superoxide dismutase (sod) activity in the leaf apoplast. polymorphism of extracellular peroxidases and the presence of cu/zn-sod have been shown in apoplast. using an esr assay, a considerable increase in the level of no following infiltration of leaf tissues with nitrite h ...201020331429
chemically enhanced phytoextraction of pb by wheat in texturally different soils.a pot study was used to examine the effects of amendments such as edta and elemental sulfur on the growth potential, gas exchange features, uptake and mobilization of pb by wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in two texturally different contaminated soils at three levels of edta (2, 4, 8 mmol kg(-1) dry soil) and two levels of elemental sulfur (100, 200 mmol kg(-1) dry soil). edta resulted in more solubilization of pb than elemental sulfur in both soils. application of edta and elemental sulfur increas ...201020334894
uptake, localization, and speciation of cobalt in triticum aestivum l. (wheat) and lycopersicon esculentum m. (tomato).the root-to-shoot transfer, localization, and chemical speciation of co were investigated in a monocotyledon (triticum aestivum l., wheat) and a dicotyledon (lycopersicon esculentum m., tomato) plant species grown in nutrient solution at low (5 mum) and high (20 mum) co(ii) concentrations. cobalt was measured in the roots and shoots by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements were used to identify the chemical structure of co within the plants and ...201020345097
a single-nucleotide polymorphism that accounts for allelic variation in the lr34 gene and leaf rust reaction in hard winter wheat.leaf rust, caused by puccinia triticina eriks, is one of the most common and persistent wheat diseases in the us great plains. we report that the lr34 gene was mapped in the center of a qtl for leaf rust reaction and explained 18-35% of the total phenotypic variation in disease severity of adult plants in a jagger x 2174 population of recombinant inbred lines (rils) field-tested for 3 years. the sequence of the complete lr34 gene was determined for the susceptible jagger allele and for the resis ...201020352181
fine-mapping of the leaf rust lr34 locus in triticum aestivum (l.) and characterization of large germplasm collections support the abc transporter as essential for gene function.leaf rust resistance gene lr34 is likely the most important leaf rust gene characterized to date. it has been characterized as an adult plant resistance gene and is known to enhance the resistance of other leaf rust resistance genes and to condition resistance to a number of other diseases. located on chromosome 7d, this gene was identified to be one of six co-located genes of which, an abc transporter was shown to be the only valid candidate. ten new molecular markers were developed spanning th ...201020352182
[membrane contacts of endoplasmic reticulum with plasmalemma in plant cells].close contacts of endoplasmatic reticulum membrane with plasmalemma have been shown in common wheat root cells by means of electron microscopy. qualitative analogy of these contacts with high-permeable intercellular contacts in animals has been preliminary established.201020352693
[molecular cloning and preliminary analysis of tanoa in common wheat].nitric oxide (no) is an important signaling molecule with diverse physiological functions in both animal and plant cells. in this work, we isolated the full-length cdna and genomic dna sequences of tanoa-b1 encoding a putative no associated (noa) factor in common wheat. bioinformatic analysis showed that tanoa-b1 possessed a similar intron/exon structure as its orthologous genes in arabidopsis and rice. the amino acid sequence deduced from tanoa-b1 was more than 60% identitical to those of arabi ...201020353092
further mapping of quantitative trait loci for female sterility in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).epistasis underlying fertility plays an important role in crop breeding. although a new female sterile mutant in wheat, xnd126, has been identified and a major quantitative trait locus (qtl), taf1, for the female sterility has been mapped, the genetic architecture of the female sterility needs to be further addressed. to identify the interaction involving the gene(s) controlling the female sterility, an investigation was carried out for the seed setting ratio in an f2 population derived from the ...201020353623
nitrate modifies the assimilation pattern of ammonium and urea in wheat seedlings.in certain plant species, ammonium or urea nutrition can cause negative effects on plant development which can result in toxic symptoms. some authors suggest that the presence of nitrate can alleviate these symptoms by increasing ammonium and urea assimilation, avoiding its accumulation. in order to study this hypothesis, wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings were grown with various nitrogen supplies containing the main nitrogen forms (ammonium, nitrate and urea). amino acids content and the ac ...201020355054
wheat (triticum aestivum) peptide (s) mimic gibberellin action and regulate stomatal opening.wheat peptides (0.5 to 3 kda m(r)) mimick hormonal activity like that of gibberellins and forced open dark closed stomata. the deionized amphoteric peptides solution after passing through cation and anion exchanger resins was run through amicon's ultrafilters, 10, 3 and 0.5 kda (m(r)) cut off system. the 3 to 0.5 kda fraction passed through sephadex lh-20 column and collected in 140 tubes (5 ml in each tube). the two fractions f 9 (91-100 tubes) and f 12 (121-130) were found much active on stoma ...201020358870
heterologous expression of non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from triticum aestivum and arabidopsis thaliana.non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (np-ga3pdhase) plays a key metabolic role in higher plants. purification to homogeneity of enzymes found in relatively low abundance in plants represents a major technical challenge that can be solved by molecular gene cloning and heterologous expression. to apply this strategy to np-ga3pdhase we performed the cloning of the gapn gene from arabidopsis thaliana and triticum aestivum, followed by the heterologous expression in escherichi ...201020359519
comparative gene expression analysis of susceptible and resistant near-isogenic lines in common wheat infected by puccinia triticina.gene expression after leaf rust infection was compared in near-isogenic wheat lines differing in the lr10 leaf rust resistance gene. rna from susceptible and resistant plants was used for cdna library construction. in total, 55 008 ests were sequenced from the two libraries, then combined and assembled into 14 268 unigenes for further analysis. of these ests, 89% encoded proteins similar to (e value of < or =10(-5)) characterized or annotated proteins from the ncbi non-redundant database represe ...201020360266
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