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bioactivity of secoiridoid glycosides from centaurium erythraea.as part of our on-going search for bioactive compounds from scottish plants, two secoiridoid glycosides, swertiamarin and sweroside, have been isolated from the aerial parts of centaurium erythraea rafn (family: gentianaceae) by reversed-phase preparative hplc coupled with a photo-diode-array detector. the structures of these compounds were elucidated unambiguously by uv, fabms and extensive 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopic analyses and also by comparing experimental data with literature data. antiba ...200312809366
antibacterial activity of 11 essential oils against bacillus cereus in tyndallized carrot broth.the antibacterial activity of 11 essential oils from aromatic plants against the strain inra l2104 of the foodborne pathogen bacillus cereus grown in carrot broth at 16 degrees c was studied. the quantity needed by the essential oils of nutmeg, mint, clove, oregano, cinnamon, sassafras, sage, thyme or rosemary to produce 14-1110% relative extension of the lag phase was determined. total growth inhibition of bacterial spores was observed for some of the antimicrobial agents assayed. the addition ...200312810272
[cloning and sequencing of chitinase gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp israelensis].chitin, a linear homopolymer of n-acetyl-d-glucosamine, is a common constituent of fungal cell walls, exoskeletons of insects, and shells of invertebrates. thus, chitinase, a chitin hydrolytic enzyme, has become of interest for potential use as biopesticides for controlling insect pests. using a pair of specific primers, chitinase gene (ichi) was amplified by touchdown pcr from bacillus thuringiensis subsp israelensis chromosomal dna, and then subcloned into pgem-t easy vector. ichi sequence (ge ...200312812063
grafting a new metal ligand in the cocatalytic site of b. cereus metallo-beta-lactamase: structural flexibility without loss of activity.metallo-beta-lactamases are zinc enzymes able to hydrolyze the four-membered ring of beta-lactam antibiotics, representing one of the latest generations of beta-lactamases. these enzymes belong to the zinc metallo-hydrolase family of the beta-lactamase fold. enzymes belonging to this family have a bimetallic active site whose structure varies among different members by point substitutions of the metal ligands. in this work, we have grafted new metal ligands into the metal binding site of bcii fr ...200312824499
real-time quantitative pcr assay on bacterial dna: in a model soil system and environmental samples.real-time quantitative pcr (rtq-pcr) was used to quantify the bacterial target dna extracted by three commonly used dna extraction protocols (bead mill homogenization, grinding in presence of liquid nitrogen and hot detergent sds based enzymatic lysis). for the purpose of our study, pure culture of bacillus cereus (model organism), sterilized soil seeded with a known amount of b. cereus (model soil system) and samples from woodland and grassland (environmental samples) were chosen to extract dna ...200312833213
inactivation of vegetative cells, but not spores, of bacillus anthracis, b. cereus, and b. subtilis on stainless steel surfaces coated with an antimicrobial silver- and zinc-containing zeolite formulation.stainless steel surfaces coated with paints containing a silver- and zinc-containing zeolite (agion antimicrobial) were assayed in comparison to uncoated stainless steel for antimicrobial activity against vegetative cells and spores of three bacillus species, namely, b. anthracis sterne, b. cereus t, and b. subtilis 168. under the test conditions (25 degrees c and 80% relative humidity), the zeolite coating produced approximately 3 log(10) inactivation of vegetative cells within a 5- to 24-h per ...200312839825
identification of bacillus anthracis by rpob sequence analysis and multiplex pcr.comparative sequence analysis was performed upon bacillus anthracis and its closest relatives, b. cereus and b. thuringiensis. portions of rpob dna from 10 strains of b. anthracis, 16 of b. cereus, 10 of b. thuringiensis, 1 of b. mycoides, and 1 of b. megaterium were amplified and sequenced. the determined rpob sequences (318 bp) of the 10 b. anthracis strains, including five korean isolates, were identical to those of ames, florida, kruger b, and western na strains. strains of the "b. cereus gr ...200312843020
bacillus cereus bacteremia in a preterm neonate.bacillus cereus is an uncommon but potentially serious bacterial pathogen causing infections of the bloodstream, lungs, and central nervous system of preterm neonates. a case of bacteremia caused by b. cereus in a 19-day-old preterm neonate who was successfully treated with vancomycin, tobramycin, meropenem, and clindamycin is described. implications for the diagnostic laboratory and clinicians when bacillus species are detected in normally sterile sites are discussed, and the small numbers of i ...200312843116
his151 and his296 are the acid-base catalytic residues of bacillus cereus sphingomyelinase in sphingomyelin hydrolysis.bacillus cereus sphingomyelinase belongs to the mg(2+)-dependent neutral sphingomyelinase, which hydrolyses sphingomyelin to phosphocholine and ceramide, and acts as an extracellular hemolysin. the triplet residues, his151-asp195-his296, of the enzyme are highly conserved among bacterial and mammalian mg(2+)-dependent neutral sphingomyelinases. the triplet residues converge on the active-site pocket of the 3d model of the enzyme. to investigate the function of these residues in the acid-base cat ...200312843611
synthesis and antimicrobial testing of some new s-substituted-thiopyridines, thienopyridines, pyridothienopyrimidines and pyridothienotriazines.the reaction of 5-acetyl-4-aryl-3-cyano-6-methylpyridine-2(1h)-thiones (1a, b) with 4-methylphenacyl bromide, chloro-n-arylacetamides or chloroacetonitrile gave the corresponding s-substituted thiopyridines 2a-c, 4a-f and 6a-c, respectively. the latter compounds underwent intramolecular thorpe-ziegler cyclization to give 2-substituted 5-acetyl-3-amino-4-aryl-6-methylthieno[2,3-b]pyridines 3a-c, 5a-f and 7a-c. compounds 5a-f and 7b, c are key intermediates in the synthesis of the target compounds ...200312856996
scanning electron microscopy of food-poisoning bacterium bacillus cereus using a variable-pressure sem.a variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy (vp-sem) with a cooling stage permits long hours of observation of water-containing specimens in their natural or close to natural state, without the conventional specimen preparations of fixation, dehydration, drying and metal coating. it reduces water vaporization and beam damage by keeping the specimens at a low temperature. we observed bacillus cereus colonies on nutrient agar, which would shrink significantly if any conventional specimen prep ...200312868586
the hidden lifestyles of bacillus cereus and relatives.bacillus cereus sensu lato, the species group comprising bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis and b. cereus (sensu stricto), has previously been scrutinized regarding interspecies genetic correlation and pathogenic characteristics. so far, little attention has been paid to analysing the biological and ecological properties of the three species in their natural environments. in this review, we describe the b. cereus sensu lato living in a world on its own; all b. cereus sensu lato can grow ...200312871230
antagonistic properties of two recombinant strains of streptomyces melanosporofaciens obtained by intraspecific protoplast fusion.intraspecific protoplast fusion was used to produce stable prototrophic recombinants of streptomyces melanosporofaciens ef-76, a biocontrol agent of plant disease producing geldanamycin. two recombinant strains (fp-54 and fp-60) that differed with regard to their antagonistic properties against bacillus cereus atcc 14579, streptomyces scabies ef-35 and phytophthora fragariae var. rubi 390 were characterized. fp-60 lost the ability to inhibit the in vitro growth of these microbial strains while f ...200312883869
infective endophthalmitis caused by bacillus cereus after cataract extraction surgery.we describe a 72-year-old chinese man who developed fulminant bacillus cereus endophthalmitis 36 h after an uneventful surgery for cataract extraction. clinical progression of disease was extremely rapid, in spite of early vitrectomy and intravitreal injection of antibiotics. results of gram staining showed gram-positive bacilli, and the culture was positive for b. cereus. endophthalmitis is rare after cataract surgery (cumulative probability within 1 year, approximately 0.08%), and cases caused ...200312884186
isolation and identification of thiocyanate utilizing chemolithotrophs from gold mine soils.a mixed bacterial culture capable of growing in potassium-thiocyanate containing medium (200 mg kscn) has been isolated from bacterial suspensions of soil samples collected near gold mines in kumjung (korea). the isolates were initially characterized by metabolic profile analysis and were identified as bacillus thermoglucosidasius, bacillus cereus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mycoides, brevibacterium epidermidis, brevibacterium otitidis, and corynebacterium nitrilophilus. one of the seven i ...200312889608
synthesis of a nitrogen analogue of sphingomyelin as a sphingomyelinase inhibitor.[structure: see text] sphingomyelin nitrogen analogue 1 was designed and synthesized as a sphingomyelinase inhibitor. the synthesis was established by continuous hofmann rearrangement and crutius rearrangement as key steps in constructing the 3-hydroxy-1,2-diamine structure in the backbone of 1. this analogue showed moderate inhibitory activity toward smase isolated from b. cereus.200312889878
diverse effects of ascorbic acid and palmitoyl ascorbate on helicobacter pylori survival and growth.among many antioxidants used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, ascorbic acid (aa) is one of the most important. aa has been suggested to decrease the risk of gastric disease (gastritis, duodenal ulcer, and carcinoma) by direct action on helicobacter pylori. however, there are limited studies on the possible role of aa and its derivatives such as palmitoyl ascorbate (pa) on the growth and survival of h. pylori. in the present study it was demonstrated in vitro that aa in the co ...200312892889
a constitutively expressed 36 kda exochitinase from bacillus thuringiensis hd-1.a 36 kda chitinase was purified by ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography from the culture supernatant of bacillus thuringiensis hd-1. the chitinase production was independent of the presence of chitin in the growth medium and was produced even in the presence of glucose. the purified chitinase was active at acidic ph, had an optimal activity at ph 6.5, and showed maximum activity at 65 degrees c. of the various substrates, the enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of the disaccharide 4-mu(gln ...200312893268
rebeccamycin analogues bearing amine substituents or other groups on the sugar moiety.in the course of structure-activity relationship studies on rebeccamycin analogues, a series of compounds bearing an amino function on the sugar moiety were synthesized with the aim of improving the solubility and interaction with the macromolecular target(s). the syntheses of amino derivatives and the corresponding chloro, iodo and azido intermediates are described. their interaction with dna and effects on human dna topoisomerases i and ii were investigated. their antimicrobial activities agai ...200312901916
pcr assay of the groel gene for detection and differentiation of bacillus cereus group cells.strains of species in the bacillus cereus group are potentially enterotoxic. thus, the detection of all b. cereus group strains is important. as 16s ribosomal dna sequence analysis cannot adequately differentiate species of the b. cereus group, we explored the potential of the groel gene as a phylogenetic marker. a phylogenetic analysis of the groel sequences of 78 b. cereus group strains revealed that the b. cereus group strains were split into two major clusters, one including six b. mycoides ...200312902235
pgil01, a linear tectiviral plasmid prophage originating from bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis.bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis harbours, in addition to several circular plasmids, a small linear molecule of about 15 kb. sequence analysis of this molecule, named pgil01, showed the presence of at least 30 orfs, five of which displayed similarity with proteins involved in phage systems: a b-type family dna polymerase, a lexa-like repressor, two potential muramidases and a dna-packaging protein (distantly related to the p9 protein of the tectiviral phage prd1). experimental evidence ...200312904548
screening of bifidobacterium strains isolated from human faeces for antagonistic activities against potentially bacterial pathogens.as probiotic bacteria, strains belonging to the genus bifidobacterium colonise the gastro-intestinal tract of humans and animals at the time of birth, and they are found in young as well as in adult individuals in great numbers. moreover, they can interact with the development of enteric infections by the production of antimicrobial metabolites. in this work 281 strains of bifidobacteria were anaerobically isolated from human faecal samples, supplied by volunteers of different ages (youngs, adul ...200312906392
rho-specific bacillus cereus adp-ribosyltransferase c3cer cloning and characterization.c3-like adp-ribosyltransferases represent an expanding family of related exoenzymes, which are produced by clostridia and various staphylococcus aureus strains. here we report on the cloning and biochemical characterization of an adp-ribosyltransferase from bacillus cereus strain 2339. the transferase encompasses 219 amino acids; it has a predicted mass of 25.2 kda and a theoretical isoelectric point of 9.3. to indicate the relationship to the family of c3-like adp-ribosyltransferases, we termed ...200312911311
using x-ray crystallography of the asp55asn mutant of the phosphatidylcholine-preferring phospholipase c from bacillus cereus to support the mechanistic role of asp55 as the general base.because mutations of the ionizable asp at position 55 of the phosphatidylcholine preferring phospholipase c from bacillus cereus (plc(bc)) to a non-ionizable asn generate a mutant enzyme (d55n) with 10(4)-fold lower catalytic activity than the wild-type enzyme, we tentatively identified asp55 as the general base for the enzymatic reaction. to eliminate the alternate possibility that asp55 is a structurally important amino acid, the x-ray structures of unbound d55n and complexes of d55n with two ...200312921783
intractable hypotension in septic shock: successful treatment with vasopressin in an infant. 200312929303
antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of cissus quadrangularis l.extracts of cissus quadrangularis l. were tested for antioxidant activity by beta-carotene linoleic acid model and also by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl model. the ethyl acetate fraction of both fresh and dry stem extracts at a concentration of 100 ppm showed 64.8% antioxidant activity in the beta-carotene linoleic acid system and 61.6% in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl system. this fraction showed the presence of sterols, vitamin c, and tannins as phytoconstituents. the antioxidant activity ...200312935320
the biodegradation of 1,3-dichlorobenzene by an adapted strain bacillus cereus pf-11 derived from town-gas industrial effluent.in the present study, an adapted bacterium pf-11 with high 1,3-dichlorobenzene degradation capability was isolated from town-gas industrial effluent through continuous introducing of n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoquanidine (ntg). in suitable condition, a degradation rate of 32 mg l(-1) d(-1) of 1,3-dichlorobenzene was obtained by strain pf-11 with effective chlorion release. strain pf-11 was tentatively identified as gram-positive bacillus cereus. the substrate specificity of the strain pf-11 was r ...200312940485
analysis of whole bacterial cells by flow field-flow fractionation and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.the purpose of this study is to develop a novel bacterial analysis method by coupling the flow field-flow fractionation (flow fff) separation technique with detection by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry. the composition of carrier liquid used for flow fff was selected based on retention of bacterial cells and compatibility with the maldi process. the coupling of flow fff and maldi-tof ms was demonstrated for p. putida and e. coli. fractions ...200312948145
surviving the acid test: responses of gram-positive bacteria to low ph.gram-positive bacteria possess a myriad of acid resistance systems that can help them to overcome the challenge posed by different acidic environments. in this review the most common mechanisms are described: i.e., the use of proton pumps, the protection or repair of macromolecules, cell membrane changes, production of alkali, induction of pathways by transcriptional regulators, alteration of metabolism, and the role of cell density and cell signaling. we also discuss the responses of listeria m ...200312966143
design, synthesis, and evaluation of water-soluble phospholipid analogues as inhibitors of phospholipase c from bacillus cereus.the rate of hydrolysis of natural phospholipids by the phosphatidylcholine-preferring phospholipase c from bacillus cereus (plc(bc)) follows the order phosphatidylcholine > phosphatidylethanolamine >> phosphatidyl-l-serine. to probe the structural basis for this substrate specificity, a series of water-soluble, nonhydrolyzable substrate analogues were needed so their complexes with the enzyme could be studied via x-ray crystallography and isothermal titration calorimetry (itc). accordingly the w ...200312968879
metabolic aspects of bacterial growth in the absence of cell division. ii. respiration of normal and filamentous cells of bacillus cereus. 195212999697
penicillinase adaptation in bacillus cereus; an analysis of three phases in the response of logarithmically growing cultures to induction of penicillinase formation by penicillin. 195213009045
[the effect of the alkalinity of the culture medium on the virulence of bacillus cereus var. alesti toum. and vago, for silkworms]. 195213033307
penicillinase adaptation and fixation of penicillin sulphur by bacillus cereus spores. 195313035045
the effect of oxygen lack on penicillin-induced penicillinase formation by bacillus cereus. 195313059242
[purification and physicochemical characteristics of the penicillinase of bacillus cereus]. 195313082796
panophthalmitis after a blood transfusion; responsible organism, bacillus cereus. 195313093942
electron microscopy of ultra-thin sections of bacteria i. cellular division in bacillus cereus. 195313096487
[histopathological study of the silkworm with bacillus cereus alesti]. 195313124914
[research on the toxic effect of bacillus cereus var. alesti for silkworms]. 195313124953
the international standard for aureomycin.in 1950, the department of biological standards, national institute for medical research, london, was authorized by the who expert committee on biological standardization to proceed with the establishment of an international standard for aureomycin. a 100-g batch of aureomycin was obtained and was compared with the standard preparation of aureomycin of the united states food and drug administration (fda) in a collaborative assay in which six laboratories in five countries participated.in all, 30 ...195313141137
failure to produce illness in human volunteers fed bacillus cereus and clostridium perfringens. 195413143219
[description of various entomophytic strains of bacillus cereus frankland et frankland; comments on their and other bacilli effect on the egg yolk]. 195313148724
[research on the toxic effect of bacillus cereus var. alesti on silkworms]. 195413171647
[effect of bacillus cereus var. alesti toum. and vago on caterpillars of galleria melonella l. and hyponomeuta cognatella hb]. 195413171665
cytological observations of the effect of enzymes on acid-treated spores of bacillus cereus. 195413174787
the duplication of bacterial chromatin; interpretations of some cytological and chemical studies of the germinating spores of bacillus cereus and bacillus megaterium. 195413201551
[purification of penicillinase of bacillus cereus]. 195413210340
[effect of antibiotics on entophytic or non-entophytic strains of bacillus cereus frankland and frankland]. 195413218373
a comparison of the properties of penicillinase produced by bacillus subtilis and bacillus cereus with and without addition of penicillin. 195413221770
[differential character of bacillus cereus var. alesti toumanoff et vago as causativé agent of infectious flacherie in silkworm]. 195413229029
the phosphorus fractions of bacillus cereus and bacillus megaterium. i. a comparison of spores and vegetative cells. 195513250445
the phosphorus fractions of bacillus cereus and bacillus megaterium. ii. a correlation of the chemical with the cytological changes occurring during spore germination. 195513250447
the oxidative metabolism of bacillus cereus. 195513263294
the cleavage of adenosine by spores of bacillus cereus. 195513271295
proof of the spontaneity of a mutation to penicillinase production in bacillus cereus. 195513278506
distribution of 8-azaguanine in the nucleic acids of bacillus cereus. 195613297020
[entomophytous crystallophorous strains of bacillus cereus; study of their crystalline inclusions]. 195513302860
adenosine deaminase and ribosidase in spores of bacillus cereus. 195613303984
purification of penicillin-induced penicillinase of bacillus cereus nrrl 569: a comparison of its properties with those of a similarly purified penicillinase produced spontaneously by a constitutive mutant strain. 195613303986
electron microscopy of ultra-thin sections of bacteria. ii. sporulation of bacillus megaterium and bacillus cereus. 195613306708
an immunological study of the constitutive and the penicillin-induced penicillinases of bacillus cereus, based on specific enzyme neutralization by antibody. 195613306894
[effects of ultraviolet irradiation on induced biosynthesis of penicillinase of bacillus cereus]. 195613315266
general characteristics of certain insect pathogens related to bacillus cereus. 195613316605
[experimental virulence of an innocuous strain of bacillus cereus frank. and frank. for the caterpillars of galleria melonella l. and pieris brassicae]. 195613327524
[cereine, antibiotic complex from bacillus cereus]. 195513329819
[isolation and properties of pure cerein b2, antibiotic of bacillus cereus strain]. 195513338980
[isolation and properties of cereine b12, an antibiotic from bacillus cereus phi]. 195613342905
biochemical changes occurring during sporulation in bacillus species. 195613355867
the cell-bound penicillinase of bacillus cereus. 195613357724
role of specific nucleic acid in induced enzyme synthesis. 195613363939
monoethyl ester of dipicolinic acid from bacterial spores. 195613366916
nuclear morphology of bacillus cereus grown on partially defined media. 195613376867
studies on the mechanism of radiation inactivation of micro-organism. ii. photoreactivation of some bacilli and of the spores of two bacillus cereus strains. 195613382837
studies on the mechanism of radiation in activation of micro-organisms. iii. inactivation of germinating spores of bacillus cereus. 195613382838
television microscopy of sporulation and spore germination of bacillus cereus. 195613385290
studies on the radiation inactivation of micro-organisms. iv. photoreactivation of the intermediate stages in the transformation of bacillus cereus spores into vegetative cells. 195613395344
[comparative study of bacillus cereus sotto (ishiwata) toxigenic strains, pathogenic agent of dysentery in silkworms in japan]. 195513403298
[comparative tests of virulence of some cereus entomophytes in the silkworm]. 195513403299
studies on the anaerobic metabolism of bacillus anthracis and bacillus cereus. 195713405859
a bacteriolytic principle associated with cultures of bacillus cereus. 195713406214
a report on two cases of acute mastitis caused by bacillus cereus. 195713414388
effect of enzyme inhibitors on the germination and respiration of and growth from bacillus cereus var. terminalis spores. 195713416175
effect of duration of heating, l-alanine and spore concentration on the oxidation of glucose by spores of bacillus cereus var. terminalis. 195713416176
an evaluation of the egg-yolk reaction as a test for lecithinase activity. 195713416188
incorporation of 8-azaguanine and growth inhibition bacillus cereus. 195713416224
fractionation studies of bacillus cereus containing 8-azaguanine. 195713416225
the water and solid content of living bacterial spores and vegetative cells as indicated by refractive index measurements. 195713416519
effect of alcohols on the synthesis of lecithinase by bacillus cereus. 195713418783
intermediate metabolism of aerobic spores. i. activation of glucose oxidation in spores of bacillus cereus var terminalis. 195713428677
[bacillus cereus and food]. 195713430976
[effect of trypsin on bacterial cell structure]. 195713432733
lecithinase production by strains of bacillus cereus fr. and fr. pathogenic for the larch sawfly, pristiphora erichsonii (htg). 195713437216
screening of carbohydrates for sporulation of bacilli in fluid medium. 195713437226
effect of temperature and hydrogen-ion concentration on the germination of spores of bacillus cereus. 195713440960
induced penicillinase formation in resting bacterial cells. i. the characteristic differences of the formation of penicillinase in presence and in absence of free penicillin, in cells of b. cereus nrrl-b569. 195713444005
induced penicillinase formation in resting bacterial cells. ii. on the nature of the latency period of penicillinase formation in cells of b. cereus nrrl-b-569. 195713444006
induced penicillinase formation in resting bacterial cells. iii. induction of penicillinase formation by extracts of b. cereus nrrl-b-569/h cells without penicillin. 195713444007
the metabolism of 8-azapurines. 195713445693
the activity and specificity of inducers of penicillinase production in bacillus cereus, strain nrrl 569. 195713459874
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