Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| direct visualization of red fluorescent lipoproteins indicates conservation of the membrane sorting rules in the family enterobacteriaceae. | chimeras created by fusing the monomeric red fluorescent protein (rfp) to a bacterial lipoprotein signal peptide (liporfps) were visualized in the cell envelope by epifluorescence microscopy. plasmolysis of the bacteria separated the inner and outer membranes, allowing the specific subcellular localization of liporfps to be determined in situ. when equipped with the canonical inner membrane lipoprotein retention signal cdsr, liporfp was located in the inner membrane in escherichia coli, whereas ... | 2006 | 16672606 |
| studies of the coba-type atp:co(i)rrinoid adenosyltransferase enzyme of methanosarcina mazei strain go1. | although methanogenic archaea use b(12) extensively as a methyl carrier for methanogenesis, little is known about b(12) metabolism in these prokaryotes or any other archaea. to improve our understanding of how b(12) metabolism differs between bacteria and archaea, the gene encoding the atp:co(i)rrinoid adenosyltransferase in methanosarcina mazei strain gö1 (open reading frame mm3138, referred to as coba(mm) here) was cloned and used to restore coenzyme b(12) synthesis in a salmonella enterica st ... | 2006 | 16672609 |
| empyema thoracic from salmonella choleraesuis. | 2005 | 16673520 | |
| evaluation of the association between feeding raw meat and salmonella enterica infections at a greyhound breeding facility. | to investigate salmonella enterica infections at a greyhound breeding facility. | 2006 | 16677120 |
| rapid and simple detection of food poisoning bacteria by bead assay with a microfluidic chip-based system. | a rapid bead assay for detecting pathogenic bacteria with a simple microfluidic chip-based system was developed. five oligonucleotide probes corresponding to the 16s rrna of the targeted bacteria were coupled covalently to fluorescent beads. four species of bacteria (escherichia coli, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis, yersinia enterocolitica, and bacillus cereus) were used as representative food-borne pathogenic bacteria. the rnas extracted from pure cultures of these micr ... | 2006 | 16678290 |
| occurrence of swine salmonellosis in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) affected pigs concurrently infected with porcine reproduction and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). | fourteen diseased pigs from four farms in which there had been an outbreak of salmonellosis were investigated. granulomatous inflammation with depletion of lymphocytes was observed in the swollen lymph nodes in these pigs. antigens to porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) were immunolabeled in the lesions along with detection of viral dna as pcv2 by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). in addition, antigens to porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) were immunodetected in the lungs and sa ... | 2006 | 16679733 |
| the virulence markers of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. different phage-type strains isolated in slovakia. | phage-typing determination of cell-surface hydrophobicity, motility, and serovar-specific virulence plasmid was performed in a collection of 154 clinical isolates of s. enterica serovar typhimurium (set) isolated in slovakia. all isolates were also examined in pcr for the presence of both stn (enterotoxin) and irob (siderophore) genes. the dt104 was the definitive phage type most frequently identified (37.7 %), the second most frequently isolated phage type was dt41 (5.8 %); the occurrence of ot ... | 2005 | 16681151 |
| evidence that feedback inhibition of nad kinase controls responses to oxidative stress. | formation of nadp+ from nad+ is catalyzed by nad kinase (nadk; ec 2.7.1.23). evidence is presented that nadk is the only nad kinase of salmonella enterica and is essential for growth. nadk is inhibited allosterically by nadph and nadh. without effectors, nadk exists as an equilibrium mixture of dimers and tetramers (kd = 1.0 +/- 0.8 mm) but is converted entirely to tetramers in the presence of the inhibitor nadph. comparison of nadk kinetic parameters with pool sizes of nadh and nadph suggests t ... | 2006 | 16682646 |
| analysis of the salmonella typhimurium proteome through environmental response toward infectious conditions. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (also known as salmonella typhimurium) is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes approximately 8,000 reported cases of acute gastroenteritis and diarrhea each year in the united states. although many successful physiological, biochemical, and genetic approaches have been taken to determine the key virulence determinants encoded by this organism, the sheer number of uncharacterized reading frames observed within the s. enterica genome suggests tha ... | 2006 | 16684765 |
| treatment of enteric fever in children on the basis of current trends of antimicrobial susceptibility of salmonella enterica serovar typhi and paratyphi a. | recent reports indicate decreased susceptibility of s. typhi to fluoroquinolones, especially ciprofloxacin. chloramphenicol has been suggested as first line therapy of enteric fever in many studies. this is a prospective study that describes the trends of antimicrobial susceptibility of s. typhi and s. paratyphi a causing bacteraemia in children and reports therapeutic failure to ciprofloxacin and evaluates the possible use of chloramphenicol, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and third generation cepha ... | 2006 | 16687859 |
| cytotoxin clya from escherichia coli assembles to a 13-meric pore independent of its redox-state. | clya is a pore-forming toxin from virulent escherichia coli and salmonella enterica strains. here, we show that the intrinsic hemolytic activity of clya is independent of its redox state, and that the assembly of both reduced and oxidized clya to the ring-shaped oligomer is triggered by contact with lipid or detergent. a rate-limiting conformational transition in membrane-bound clya monomers precedes their assembly to the functional pore. we obtained a three-dimensional model of the detergent-in ... | 2006 | 16688219 |
| lawsonia intracellularis infection in the large intestines of pigs. | in this study we examined the proliferative enteropathy, caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium lawsonia intracellularis, in colon of naturally infected pigs, using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridisation and scanning confocal laser microscopy. when 396 pigs submitted for routine laboratory examination were investigated, large intestinal gross lesions were seen in 93, including 74 cases of l. intracellularis colitis (proliferative enteropathy). fifty-one pigs without recorded colonic ... | 2006 | 16689824 |
| antagonistic activity of probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria against entero- and uropathogens. | to develop in vitro assays for comparing the antagonistic properties and anti-oxidative activity of probiotic lactobacillus and bifidobacterium strains against various entero- and urinary pathogens. | 2006 | 16696680 |
| differences in gene expression levels and in enzymatic qualities account for the uneven contribution of superoxide dismutases sodci and sodcii to pathogenicity in salmonella enterica. | most salmonella enterica serovars produce two periplasmic [cu,zn] superoxide dismutases, sodci, which is prophage encoded, and sodcii, encoded by a conserved chromosomal gene. both enzymes were proposed to enhance salmonella virulence by protecting bacteria against products of macrophage oxidative burst. however, we previously found sodci, but not sodcii, to play a role during mouse infection by s. enterica serovar typhimurium. here we have extended these findings to another serovar of epidemiol ... | 2006 | 16697686 |
| prevalence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli and salmonella enterica in rock pigeons captured in fort collins, colorado. | the potential role of rock pigeons (columba livia) in the epidemiology of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) and salmonella enterica is unclear. our objective was to determine the prevalence of stec and s. enterica in pigeons at urban and dairy settings as a function of season. prevalence of stec and s. enterica was estimated by bacteriologic culture of cloacal swabs collected from pigeons trapped at urban and dairy locations in and around fort collins, colorado from january to novemb ... | 2006 | 16699148 |
| nationwide outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype agona infections in infants in france, linked to infant milk formula, investigations ongoing. | 2005 | 16702636 | |
| fitness of human enteric pathogens on plants and implications for food safety. | the continuous rise in the number of outbreaks of foodborne illness linked to fresh fruit and vegetables challenges the notion that enteric pathogens are defined mostly by their ability to colonize the intestinal habitat. this review describes the epidemiology of produce-associated outbreaks of foodborne disease and presents recently acquired knowledge about the behavior of enteric pathogens on plants, with an emphasis on salmonella enterica, escherichia coli o157:h7, and listeria monocytogenes. ... | 2006 | 16704355 |
| comparative genomics reveals what makes an enterobacterial plant pathogen. | the bacterial family enterobacteriaceae contains some of the most devastating human and animal pathogens, including escherichia coli, salmonella enterica and species of yersinia and shigella. these are among the best-studied of any organisms, yet there is much to be learned about the nature and evolution of interactions with their hosts and with the wider environment. comparative and functional genomics have fundamentally improved our understanding of their modes of adaptation to different ecolo ... | 2006 | 16704357 |
| web-based surveillance and global salmonella distribution, 2000-2002. | salmonellae are a common cause of foodborne disease worldwide. the world health organization (who) supports international foodborne disease surveillance through who global salm-surv and other activities. who global salm-surv members annually report the 15 most frequently isolated salmonella serotypes to a web-based country databank. we describe the global distribution of reported salmonella serotypes from human and nonhuman sources from 2000 to 2002. among human isolates, s. enteritidis was the ... | 2006 | 16704773 |
| molecular analysis of fluoroquinolone-resistant salmonella paratyphi a isolate, india. | salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a is increasingly a cause of enteric fever. sequence analysis of an indian isolate showed a unique strain with high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin associated with double mutations in the dna gyrase subunit gyra (ser83-->phe and asp87-->gly) and a mutation in topoisomerase iv subunit parc (ser80-->arg). | 2006 | 16704790 |
| aquariums as reservoirs for multidrug-resistant salmonella paratyphi b. | multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi b dt+ isolates from patients with gastroenteritis were identical with isolates from their home aquariums. matched isolates had identical phage types, xbai and is200 profiles, and salmonella genomic island 1 (sgi1). ornamental fish tanks are reservoirs for sgi1-containing s. paratyphi b dt+. | 2006 | 16704796 |
| interpreting streptomycin susceptibility test results for salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | resistance or susceptibility of salmonella enterica to streptomycin is widely used as an epidemiological marker. however, there is no clear consensus on the interpretation of streptomycin susceptibility test results. comparison of results obtained with the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) disk diffusion method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) determined by etest and streptomycin resistance genotype for 90 isolates of s. enterica serovar typhimurium suggests that appr ... | 2006 | 16704923 |
| chloroquinolines block antibiotic efflux pumps in antibiotic-resistant enterobacter aerogenes isolates. | efflux mechanisms protect bacterial cells by pumping out toxic compounds and actively contribute to bacterial multidrug resistance. agents inhibiting efflux pumps are of interest for the control of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. herein we report the effects of new chloroquinoline derivatives that render resistant enterobacter aerogenes isolates noticeably more susceptible to structurally unrelated antibiotics. in addition, some of these chloroquinolines increase the intracellular conc ... | 2006 | 16707249 |
| crl activates transcription initiation of rpos-regulated genes involved in the multicellular behavior of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, the stationary-phase sigma factor sigma(s) (rpos) is required for virulence, stress resistance, biofilm formation, and development of the rdar morphotype. this morphotype is a multicellular behavior characterized by expression of the adhesive extracellular matrix components cellulose and curli fimbriae. the crl protein of escherichia coli interacts with sigma(s) and activates expression of sigma(s)-regulated genes, such as the csgbac operon encoding th ... | 2006 | 16707690 |
| identification of methylation sites in thermotoga maritima chemotaxis receptors. | adaptation in bacterial chemotaxis involves reversible methylation of specific glutamate residues within the cytoplasmic domains of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins. the specific sites of methylation in salmonella enterica and escherichia coli chemoreceptors, identified 2 decades ago, established a consensus sequence for methylation by methyltransferase cher. here we report the in vitro methylation of chemoreceptors from thermotoga maritima, a hyperthermophile that has served as a useful sou ... | 2006 | 16707700 |
| xanthosine utilization in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is recovered by a single aspartate-to-glycine substitution in xanthosine phosphorylase. | xapabr from salmonella enterica was analyzed and compared with the corresponding escherichia coli genes. xapb and xapr, but not xapa, encode functional proteins. an s. enterica xapa(asp72gly) mutant that restores the phosphorolytic activity was selected. the purified mutant enzyme has different kinetic constants than the e. coli enzyme but similar substrate specificity. | 2006 | 16707709 |
| induction of the sos response by bacteriophage lytic development in salmonella enterica. | infection of salmonella enterica with lytic mutants of either p22 or se1 bacteriophages triggers the expression of its dna damage-inducible sos response through a lexa-dependent pathway. this induction of the sos system strictly requires the presence of the bacteriophage kil gene. accordingly, plasmid overexpression of the kil gene also promotes the s. enterica sos network induction. furthermore, s. enterica gifsy prophages are induced following the infection with se1 and p22 lytic derivatives. ... | 2006 | 16713610 |
| the genetics of salmonella genomic island 1. | multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium phage type dt104, resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol/florfenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline, has disseminated worldwide. the resistance genes reside on the 43-kb salmonella genomic island 1 (sgi1), which is transferable. drug-resistant variants of sgi1 have been identified in numerous serotypes. strains harboring sgi1 may be more virulent and have a tendency to rapidly disseminate. | 2006 | 16713724 |
| evolution of the virulence plasmids of non-typhoid salmonella and its association with antimicrobial resistance. | among more than 2,500 serovars, eight contain a virulence plasmid, including medically important salmonella enterica serovars choleraesuis, dublin, enteritidis, and typhimurium. these serovar-specific virulence plasmids vary in size, but all contain the spv operon, which plays a role in the expression of the virulence. genetically, these virulence plasmids are likely derived from a common ancestral plasmid possessing virulence-related genes and loci. based on the analysis of the available dna se ... | 2006 | 16713725 |
| emergence of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a as a major cause of enteric fever in kathmandu, nepal. | we performed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (xbai) on 114 bloodstream isolates of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a and s. enterica serotype typhi collected from febrile patients in kathmandu, nepal. of the 56 s. paratyphi a isolates, 51 (91%) were indistinguishable, which suggests the emergence of a single clone. in contrast, only 21 (36%) of the 58 s. typhi isolates exhibited a common genotype, which is consistent with endemic disease from multiple sources. | 2006 | 16714040 |
| salmonella resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins: prevalence and epidemiology. | salmonella resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (escs) have emerged worldwide since 1988. by 2004, 43 countries had reported this public health problem. resistance was mediated by classical extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, plasmid-mediated cephalosporinases, and recently a class a carbapenemase. of these, cmy-2 is the most widely disseminated enzyme. salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium and s. enterica serotype enteritidis are the most common serovars associated with esc resistanc ... | 2006 | 16714134 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium requires the lpf, pef, and tafi fimbriae for biofilm formation on hep-2 tissue culture cells and chicken intestinal epithelium. | recent work has demonstrated that salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium forms biofilms on hep-2 tissue culture cells in a type 1 fimbria-dependent manner. to investigate how biofilm growth of hep-2 tissue culture cells affects gene expression in salmonella, we compared global gene expression during planktonic growth and biofilm growth. microarray results indicated that the transcription of approximately 100 genes was substantially altered by growth in a biofilm. these genes encode proteins wit ... | 2006 | 16714543 |
| analyses of five gallinacin genes and the salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis response in poultry. | gallinacins in poultry are functional equivalents of mammalian beta-defensins, which constitute an integral component of the innate immune system. salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is a gram-negative bacterium that negatively affects both human and animal health. to analyze the association of genetic variations of the gallinacin genes with the phenotypic response to s. enterica serovar enteritidis, an f1 population of chickens was created by crossing four outbred broiler sires to dams of t ... | 2006 | 16714567 |
| multiplication and motility of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis, infantis, and montevideo in in vitro contamination models of eggs. | the invasive ability of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis, infantis, and montevideo in eggs was examined. strains of these serovars originating from egg contents, laying chicken houses, and human patients were experimentally inoculated (0.1-ml dose containing 78 to 178 cells) onto the vitelline membrane of eggs collected from specific-pathogen-free chickens and incubated at 25 degrees c. the test strains were detected in 25 of 138 yolk contents by day 6, indicating the penetration of salm ... | 2006 | 16715797 |
| salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis infections in pediatric patients. | among >2500 nontyphoid salmonella serotypes, salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis shows a high predilection to cause systemic infections in humans. the objective of this study was to delineate the clinical and microbiologic features of pediatric patients with salmonella choleraesuis infections. | 2006 | 16717121 |
| magnesium transporters: properties, regulation and structure. | the chemistry of mg2+ is unique amongst biological cations, and the properties of mg2+ transport systems reflect this chemistry. prokaryotes carry three classes of mg2+ transport systems: cora, mgta/b and mgte. cora and mgte are widely distributed in both eubacteria and archaea, while the mgta/b class is found primarily in the eubacteria. eukaryotic homologs of cora, although clearly functional as mg2+ transporters, have minimal sequence homology and include the mrs2p mitochondrial mg2+ channel ... | 2006 | 16720382 |
| identification of the plasmid-borne quinolone resistance gene qnrs in salmonella enterica serovar infantis. | a salmonella enterica serovar infantis isolate of avian origin was investigated for the presence of the gene qnrs, its transferability and its association with other resistance genes. | 2006 | 16720566 |
| pcr detection of salmonella spp. using primers targeting the quorum sensing gene sdia. | bacteria communicate with one another and with their host using chemical signalling molecules. this phenomenon is generally described as quorum sensing. a set of primers for pcr detection of salmonella spp. has been designed using as target the sdia gene which encodes a signal receptor of the luxr family. the pcr product (274 bp) was confirmed by sequencing. a number of 81 non-salmonella strains (representing 24 different species) were tested and gave negative results, while a total of 101 diffe ... | 2006 | 16734780 |
| a recurring salmonellosis epidemic in new zealand linked to contact with sheep. | one strain of salmonella brandenburg began causing large numbers of human infections in new zealand in 1998. we investigated the emergence of this strain using combined notification and laboratory data on human and animal disease and a case-control study. s. brandenburg infection in humans was characterized by spring peaks and high rates in the southern half of the south island. this epidemic pattern followed very closely that seen in sheep. the case-control study found that infection was signif ... | 2007 | 16740191 |
| the cbis gene of the archaeon methanopyrus kandleri av19 encodes a bifunctional enzyme with adenosylcobinamide amidohydrolase and alpha-ribazole-phosphate phosphatase activities. | here we report the initial biochemical characterization of the bifunctional alpha-ribazole-p (alpha-rp) phosphatase, adenosylcobinamide (adocbi) amidohydrolase cbis enzyme from the hyperthermophilic methanogenic archaeon methanopyrus kandleri av19. the cbis gene encodes a 39-kda protein with two distinct segments, one of which is homologous to the adocbi amidohydrolase (cbiz, ec 3.5.1.90) enzyme and the other of which is homologous to the recently discovered archaeal alpha-rp phosphatase (cobz, ... | 2006 | 16740929 |
| whole-genome transcription profiling reveals genes up-regulated by growth on fucose in the human gut bacterium "roseburia inulinivorans". | "roseburia inulinivorans" is an anaerobic polysaccharide-utilizing firmicute bacterium from the human colon that was identified as a producer of butyric acid during growth on glucose, starch, or inulin. r. inulinivorans a2-194 is also able to grow on the host-derived sugar fucose, following a lag period, producing propionate and propanol as additional fermentation products. a shotgun genomic microarray was constructed and used to investigate the switch in gene expression that is involved in chan ... | 2006 | 16740940 |
| transcriptional and translational control of the salmonella flic gene. | the flagellin gene flic encodes the major component of the flagellum in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. this study reports the identification of a signal within the 5' untranslated region (5'utr) of the flic transcript required for the efficient expression and assembly of flic into the growing flagellar structure. primer extension mapping determined the transcription start site of the flic flagellin gene to be 62 bases upstream of the aug start codon. using teta-flic operon fusions, we ... | 2006 | 16740955 |
| antibiotic sensitivity profiles of salmonella organisms isolated from presumptive typhoid patients in zaria, northern nigeria. | a hundred and ten salmonella organisms (comprising 38 salm. typhi, 13 salm. paratyphi and 59 non-typhi salmonella spp.) isolated from blood of patients diagnosed of typhoid fever in zaria, northern, nigeria were evaluated for their in-vitro susceptibility to eighteen antibiotics. a high percentage of the salmonella spp. exhibited resistance to the various test antibiotics. while ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and the aminoglycosides exhibited the greatest in-vitro activity against the isolates (82.7 ... | 2005 | 16749332 |
| comparison of methods of extracting salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis dna from environmental substrates and quantification of organisms by using a general internal procedural control. | this paper compares five commercially available dna extraction methods with respect to dna extraction efficiency of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis from soil, manure, and compost and uses an escherichia coli strain harboring a plasmid expressing green fluorescent protein as a general internal procedural control. inclusion of this general internal procedural control permitted more accurate quantification of extraction and amplification of s. enterica serovar enteritidis in these samples a ... | 2006 | 16751492 |
| direct quantitation and detection of salmonellae in biological samples without enrichment, using two-step filtration and real-time pcr. | a new two-step filtration protocol followed by a real-time pcr assay based on sybr green i detection was developed to directly quantitate salmonellae in two types of biological samples: i.e., chicken rinse and spent irrigation water. four prefiltration filters, one type of final filter, and six protocols for recovery of salmonellae from the final filter were evaluated to identify an effective filtration protocol. this method was then combined with a real-time pcr assay based on detection of the ... | 2006 | 16751494 |
| [construction and characterization of delta crp delta asd mutant host-vector balanced lethal system of salmonella choleraesuis c500 strain]. | salmonella choleraesuis c500 strain was an attenuated vaccine strain to prevent piglet paratyphoid, attenuated by chemical method. although the vaccine has good immunogenicity, it remains some residual virulence. in order to develop a safer vaccine strain and exploit c500 as a live vaccine vector for mucosal immunization, delta crp delta asd double deletion mutant was constructed. firstly, the recombination suicide vector with 320 bp-deleted crp (camp receptor protein) gene and sacb (sucrose-sen ... | 2006 | 16755912 |
| genetic determinants and polymorphisms specific for human-adapted serovars of salmonella enterica that cause enteric fever. | salmonella enterica serovars typhi, paratyphi a, and sendai are human-adapted pathogens that cause typhoid (enteric) fever. the acute prevalence in some global regions and the disease severity of typhoidal salmonella have necessitated the development of rapid and specific detection tests. most of the methodologies currently used to detect serovar typhi do not identify serovars paratyphi a or sendai. to assist in this aim, comparative sequence analyses were performed at the loci of core bacterial ... | 2006 | 16757591 |
| enhanced immune response by amphotericin b following ns1 protein prime-oral recombinant salmonella vaccine boost vaccination protects mice from dengue virus challenge. | a recombinant vaccine strain sl3261/plt105 of attenuated aroa salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium sl3261 strain expressing a secreted dengue virus type 2 non-structural ns1 and yersinia pestis f1 (caf1) fusion protein, rns1:caf1, was generated. immunological evaluation was performed by prime-boost vaccine regimen. oral immunization of mice with 1 x 10(9)cfu of sl3261/plt105 only induced low levels of ns1-specific antibody response and protective immunity following dengue virus challenge. the ... | 2006 | 16759760 |
| alterations in the virulence potential of enteric pathogens and bacterial-host cell interactions under simulated microgravity conditions. | host immune mechanisms were proposed to decline under microgravity conditions during spaceflights, which might result in severe infections in astronauts. therefore, it was important to investigate the effects of microgravity on infecting organisms and their interaction with host cells. data showed that simulated microgravity (smg) conditions markedly increased production of the enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) heat-labile enterotoxin, which induced fluid secretory responses in a mouse mod ... | 2006 | 16760141 |
| dissemination of salmonella enterica serotype agona and multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium in cuba. | the molecular epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, and mechanisms of resistance of 34 salmonella spp. strains causing acute gastroenteritis, isolated from different provinces in cuba, were determined. sixty-four percent of the strains showed multiresistance. salmonella typhimurium was the most frequent with 15 strains (44%), 13 of which belonged to phagotype 104 and presented similar genetic profiles of pulsed field gel electrophoresis. high levels of resistance to tetracycline (53%), spe ... | 2006 | 16760518 |
| impact of heat stress on the fecal shedding patterns of salmonella enterica typhimurium dt104 and salmonella enterica infantis by 5-week-old male broilers. | the objective of this study was to determine if there is an impact of heat stress of broiler chickens on number and survival of two types of salmonella shed in the chicken's feces after an oral challenge. the data from this study indicate that heat stress did not result in higher levels or longer survival of salmonella spp. shed in feces. it is possible that the duration or intensity of the heat stress employed was not sufficient or that heat stress does not alter the number or survivability for ... | 2006 | 16761943 |
| eila, a hila-like regulator in enteroaggregative escherichia coli. | enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec) is increasingly recognized as a diarrhoeal pathogen in developing and industrialized countries. most eaec virulence factors thus far described are encoded on virulence plasmid paa, yet recent completion of the eaec genome has suggested the presence of additional factors encoded on chromosomal islands. previous reports have recognized the presence of a type iii secretion system (t3ss), designated ett2, at the glyu locus of prototype eaec strain 042, along ... | 2006 | 16762026 |
| broad-spectrum microbicidal activity, toxicologic assessment, and materials compatibility of a new generation of accelerated hydrogen peroxide-based environmental surface disinfectant. | concerns on human and environmental safety and label claims of many microbicides point to the need for safer, faster acting, and broad-spectrum substitutes. accel tb, a 0.5% accelerated h(2)o(2) (ahp)-based disinfectant described here, is a potential candidate. | 2006 | 16765201 |
| ancient typhoid epidemic reveals possible ancestral strain of salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | in contrast to other serotypes of salmonella enterica, s. typhi is exclusively adapted to human hosts. recently, s. typhi was identified in ancient skeletal material, thereby incriminating typhoid fever for the plague of athens. since, according to thucydides' report, animals were also affected by the disease, a working hypothesis is constituted that the causative agent of the plague might be the anticipated original strain of s. typhi, purportedly capable of infecting animals as well as humans. ... | 2007 | 16765652 |
| age-related clinical and microbiological characteristics of enteric fever in india. | a retrospective, hospital-based study at safdarjang hospital, india, was undertaken between january 1999 and december 2003 to estimate age-related epidemiological, clinical and microbiological characteristics in enteric fever cases. a total of 750 blood-culture-proven cases of enteric fever were studied. the majority of cases occurred in children aged 5-12 years and 24.8% of cases were in children up to 5 years of age. salmonella serotypes showed an age-related predilection, with paratyphoid fev ... | 2006 | 16766005 |
| pseudomembranous colitis due to salmonella enterica serotype infantis. | 2006 | 16767602 | |
| oral dna vaccination with the polyprotein gene of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) delivered by the attenuated salmonella elicits protective immune responses in chickens. | our previous study showed that vaccination with plasmid dna containing infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) gene which encodes complete polyprotein (vp2/4/3) induced protective immune responses. in this study, we examined the efficacy of an oral dna vaccine carrying the ibdv polyprotein antigen delivered by attenuated salmonella enterica sv. typhimurium (s. typhimurium). the recombinant plasmid pci-vp2/4/3 was transformed by electroporation into an attenuated s.typhimurium strain (dam phop) (d ... | 2006 | 16769159 |
| ciprofloxacin resistance in salmonella enterica serotype typhi/paratyphi and antimicrobial agent quality and bioavailability. | 2006 | 16772428 | |
| a survey of foodborne pathogens in bulk tank milk and raw milk consumption among farm families in pennsylvania. | a 2-part study was conducted to determine the risk of exposure to human pathogens from raw milk. the first part of the study focused on determining raw milk consumption habits of dairy producers. a total of 248 dairy producers from 16 counties in pennsylvania were surveyed. overall, 105 (42.3%) of the 248 dairy producers consumed raw milk and 170 (68.5%) of the 248 dairy producers were aware of foodborne pathogens in raw milk. dairy producers who were not aware of foodborne pathogens in raw milk ... | 2006 | 16772561 |
| effects of ractopamine hcl on escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella in vitro and on intestinal populations and fecal shedding in experimentally infected sheep and pigs. | the effects of the beta-agonist ractopamine, approved for use in finishing swine and cattle to improve carcass quality and performance, were examined on two important foodborne pathogens, escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella. ractopamine, administered to sheep before and after oral inoculation with e. coli o157:h7, increased (p < 0.01) fecal shedding and tended to increase (p = 0.08) cecal populations of the challenge strain. pigs receiving ractopamine in the diet and then experimentally infe ... | 2006 | 16775793 |
| fis is required for proper regulation of ssag expression in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi2) encodes a type iii secretion system (ttss) necessary for bacterial survival and replication in intracellular environment of host cells. spi2 genes are transcribed preferentially after salmonella enters the host cells. transcriptional regulation of ssag encoding the component of spi2-ttss apparatus was studied in vivo and in vitro. fis, one of the major components of bacterial nucleoid, activated the stationary phase-specific expression of ssag when salmon ... | 2006 | 16777370 |
| 55 kda outer-membrane protein from short-chain fatty acids exposed salmonella enterica serovar typhi induces apoptosis in macrophages. | various pathogens including salmonella species are known to induce apoptosis in host cell types during their infection processes. however, the bacterial components capable of inducing apoptosis have not been fully understood. it is now known that in vivo expression of virulence determinants differ from the expression under in vitro conditions. therefore, in the present study, attempts were made to evaluate the apoptotic potential of outer-membrane protein (omp) from short-chain fatty acids (scfa ... | 2006 | 16779627 |
| emergence of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype newport in minnesota. | we report a concurrent increase in the number of isolates of salmonella enterica serotype newport and the rate of multidrug resistance in s. newport isolates from animal and human populations in minnesota. antimicrobial susceptibility and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis demonstrated heterogeneity of isolates and showed that 1 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis cluster contained most of the multidrug-resistant isolates with a resistance pattern and most class 1 integron isolates, implying ... | 2006 | 16779749 |
| class 1 integrons in dutch salmonella enterica serovar dublin isolates from clinical cases of bovine salmonellosis. | fifty-nine salmonella enterica serovar dublin (salmonella dublin) isolates from clinical cases of bovine salmonellosis between 1993 and 2004 were tested for their susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents and the presence of class 1 integrons. integrons were further analyzed by conserved segment pcr-rflp. dna sequencing was used to identify the inserted gene cassette. twelve (20.3%) isolates were multidrug-resistant. a combination of resistance against chloramphenicol, streptomycin and sulphonam ... | 2006 | 16781090 |
| the temperature-sensing protein tlpa is repressed by phop and dispensable for virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in mice. | tlpa is a temperature-sensing, coiled-coil protein, encoded on the pslt virulence plasmid of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. tlpa was previously presumed to play a role in the pathogenicity of salmonella. herein we show that tlpa is tightly regulated, differentially expressed in response to environmental and physiological signals, and can be secreted in vitro. expression of tlpa was found to be repressed in modified minimal medium containing limiting concentrations of mg2+ and in the st ... | 2006 | 16782389 |
| characterization of antimicrobial resistance and class 1 and 2 integrons in salmonella enterica isolates from different sources in portugal. | the antimicrobial resistance profiles of 1183 salmonella isolates collected during 2002-2003 from several sources (human, food products and environment) were evaluated. the occurrence, distribution and cassette content of class 1 and 2 integrons among the sulphonamide-resistant population, as well as the role of particular clones to the spread of these genetic elements, were investigated. | 2006 | 16782741 |
| occurrence of integrons and antimicrobial resistance genes among salmonella enterica from brazil. | to determine the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance genes and role of integrons among 135 antimicrobial-resistant salmonella enterica from brazil. | 2006 | 16782743 |
| isolation of different serovars of salmonella enterica from wild birds in great britain between 1995 and 2003. | postmortem examinations were carried out on the carcases of 779 wild birds. salmonellosis was a common cause of death in greenfinches (carduelis chloris), house sparrows (passer domesticus) and chaffinches (fringilla coelebs), and was also responsible for the deaths of other birds such as goldfinches (carduelis carduelis), feral pigeons and different species of gulls. most cases of salmonellosis in finches occurred between january and march, whereas salmonellosis in house sparrows tended to occu ... | 2006 | 16782854 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi b isolates from environmental and human sources in galicia, spain. | salmonella serotype paratyphi b isolates obtained from shellfish and human infections in galicia (northwest spain) from 1998 were investigated by different phenotypic and genetic methods to evaluate their systemic or enteric nature. isolates were investigated for d-tartrate fermentation, presence of genes encoding the effector proteins sope1 and avra, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile, and antimicrobial susceptibility. systemic variant strains (dt-) were the dominant among the marine envi ... | 2006 | 16786846 |
| circulating gamma delta t cells in response to salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis exposure in chickens. | gammadelta t cells are considered crucial to the outcome of various infectious diseases. the present study was undertaken to characterize gammadelta (t-cell receptor 1(+) [tcr1(+)]) t cells phenotypically and functionally in avian immune response. day-old chicks were orally immunized with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis live vaccine or s. enterica serovar enteritidis wild-type strain and infected using the s. enterica serovar enteritidis wild-type strain on day 44 of life. between days 3 ... | 2006 | 16790770 |
| stabilization of a plasmid coding for a heterologous antigen in salmonella enterica serotype typhi vaccine strain cvd908-htra by using site-specific recombination. | a gene cassette incorporating the crs-rsd site-specific recombination system from the salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin virulence plasmid improved the inheritance in s. enterica serotype typhi strain cvd908-htra of a multicopy plasmid expression vector. use of this recombination cassette may improve expression of heterologous antigens from multicopy plasmid expression vectors in attenuated bacterial vaccine strains. | 2006 | 16790817 |
| an sopb-mediated immune escape mechanism of salmonella enterica can be subverted to optimize the performance of live attenuated vaccine carrier strains. | salmonellae have evolved several mechanisms to evade host clearance. here, we describe the influence on bacterial immune escape of the effector protein sopb, which is translocated into the cytosol through a type iii secretion system. wild-type bacteria, as well as the ssec and aroa attenuated mutants exerted a stronger cytotoxic effect on dendritic cells (dc) than their sopb-deficient derivatives. cells infected with the double ssec sopb, phop sopb and aroa sopb mutants also exhibited higher exp ... | 2006 | 16793312 |
| donor-strand exchange in chaperone-assisted pilus assembly proceeds through a concerted beta strand displacement mechanism. | gram-negative pathogens commonly use the chaperone-usher pathway to assemble adhesive multisubunit fibers on their surface. in the periplasm, subunits are stabilized by a chaperone that donates a beta strand to complement the subunits' truncated immunoglobulin-like fold. pilus assembly proceeds through a "donor-strand exchange" (dse) mechanism whereby this complementary beta strand is replaced by the n-terminal extension (nte) of an incoming pilus subunit. using x-ray crystallography and real-ti ... | 2006 | 16793551 |
| a mechanical role for the chemotaxis system in swarming motility. | the chemotaxis system, but not chemotaxis, is essential for swarming motility in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. mutants in the chemotaxis pathway exhibit fewer and shorter flagella, downregulate class 3 or 'late' motility genes, and appear to be less hydrated when propagated on a surface. we show here that the output of the chemotaxis system, chey approximately p, modulates motor bias during swarming as it does during chemotaxis, but for a distinctly different end. a constitutively act ... | 2006 | 16796690 |
| berry phenolics: antimicrobial properties and mechanisms of action against severe human pathogens. | antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of phenolic extracts of 12 nordic berries were studied against selected human pathogenic microbes. the most sensitive bacteria on berry phenolics were helicobacter pylori and bacillus cereus. campylobacter jejuni and candida albicans were inhibited only with phenolic extracts of cloudberry, raspberry, and strawberry, which all were rich in ellagitannins. cloudberry extract gave strong microbicidic effects on the basis of plate count with all studied strains. ... | 2006 | 16800770 |
| functional dissection of ssef, a type iii effector protein involved in positioning the salmonella-containing vacuole. | intracellular replication of salmonella enterica requires the formation of a unique organelle termed salmonella-containing vacuole (scv). the type iii secretion system (t3ss) encoded by salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi2-t3ss) has a crucial role in the formation and maintenance of the scv. the spi2-t3ss translocates a large number of effector proteins that interfere with host cell functions such as microtubule-dependent transport. we investigated the function of the effector ssef and observ ... | 2006 | 16800847 |
| identification of the lipopolysaccharide modifications controlled by the salmonella pmra/pmrb system mediating resistance to fe(iii) and al(iii). | iron is an essential metal but can be toxic in excess. while several homeostatic mechanisms prevent oxygen-dependent killing promoted by fe(ii), little is known about how cells cope with fe(iii), which kills by oxygen-independent means. several gram-negative bacterial species harbour a regulatory system - termed pmra/pmrb - that is activated by and required for resistance to fe(iii). we now report the identification of the pmra-regulated determinants mediating resistance to fe(iii) and al(iii) i ... | 2006 | 16803591 |
| in vivo, flic expression by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is heterogeneous, regulated by clpx, and anatomically restricted. | flic is a natural antigen recognized by the innate and adaptive immune systems during salmonella infection in mice and humans; however, the regulatory mechanisms governing its expression in vivo are incompletely understood. here, we use flow cytometry to quantify flic gene expression in single bacteria. in vitro, flic transcription was not uniformly positive; a viable flic-negative subpopulation was also identified. intracellular salmonella repressed transcription of flic and its positive regula ... | 2006 | 16803592 |
| distribution of prophages and sgi-1 antibiotic-resistance genes among different salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates. | recently, the authors identified salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) definitive type (dt)104-specific sequences of mainly prophage origin by genomic subtractive hybridization. in the present study, the distribution of the prophages identified, st104 and st64b, and the novel prophage remnant designated prophage st104b, was tested among 23 non-dt104 s. typhimurium isolates of different phage types and 19 isolates of the dt104 subtypes dt104a, dt104b low and dt104l, and the dt1 ... | 2006 | 16804187 |
| plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in non-typhi serotypes of salmonella enterica. | serious infections with salmonella species are often treated with fluoroquinolones or extended-spectrum beta-lactams. increasingly recognized in enterobacteriaceae, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance is encoded by qnr genes. here, we report the presence of qnr variants in human isolates of non-typhi serotypes of salmonella enterica (hereafter referred to as non-typhi salmonella) from the united states national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system for enteric bacteria. | 2006 | 16804843 |
| flagellin in combination with curli fimbriae elicits an immune response in the gastrointestinal epithelial cell line ht-29. | flagellin is the major cytokine-releasing factor when salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) infects intestinal epithelial cells. in this work it is shown that curli, an adhesive proteinaceous surface component of enterobacteriaceae involved in biofilm formation of s. typhimurium and escherichia coli strains can bind flagellin and thus elicit an immune response by the intestinal epithelial cell line ht-29. | 2006 | 16807036 |
| differentiation of selected salmonella enterica serovars by fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy. | salmonella enterica serovars include pathogens responsible for high numbers of foodborne salmonellosis. fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) spectroscopy can be used to rapidly and accurately identify microorganisms based on unique spectra of bacterial cell components. the objectives of this study were to discriminate closely related salmonella enterica serovars by using ft-ir spectroscopy and multivariate analysis and to compare the performance of three techniques for differentiating among salmon ... | 2006 | 16808859 |
| long polar fimbriae and tissue tropism in escherichia coli o157:h7. | in vitro organ culture has demonstrated the human intestinal tropism of enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 for follicle associated epithelium overlying peyer's patches of the terminal ileum. long polar (lp) fimbriae are considered to mediate the attachment of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to peyer's patch epithelium and, as homologous genes have been identified in o157:h7, we hypothesised that lp fimbriae in o157:h7 may perform the same function. however, mutation of lp fimbri ... | 2006 | 16815722 |
| protection of neonatal mice from lethal enterovirus 71 infection by maternal immunization with attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium expressing vp1 of enterovirus 71. | this study describes the potential use of attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains to express and deliver vp1 of enterovirus 71 (ev71) as a vaccination strategy to prevent ev71 infection in mice. when orally administered to balb/c mice, both attenuated carrier strains, cnp101 and sl7207, were able to efficiently invade livers and spleens, while only the virulence plasmid-carrying strain sl7207 persisted for more than 30 days in these organs. a recombinant in vivo-regulated prom ... | 2006 | 16815726 |
| limited role for the dsra and rpra regulatory rnas in rpos regulation in salmonella enterica. | rpos, the sigma factor of enteric bacteria that responds to stress and stationary phase, is subject to complex regulation acting at multiple levels, including transcription, translation, and proteolysis. increased translation of rpos mrna during growth at low temperature, after osmotic challenge, or with a constitutively activated rcs phosphorelay depends on two trans-acting small regulatory rnas (srnas) in escherichia coli. the dsra and rpra srnas are both highly conserved in salmonella enteric ... | 2006 | 16816180 |
| sigma28-dependent transcription in salmonella enterica is independent of flagellar shearing. | the flgm anti-sigma28 factor is secreted in response to flagellar hook-basal body completion to allow sigma28-dependent transcription of genes needed late in flagellar assembly, such as the flagellin structural gene, flic. a long-standing hypothesis was that one role of flgm secretion was to allow rapid expression of flagellin in response to shearing. we tested this hypothesis by following flgm secretion and flic transcription in response to flagellar shearing. experiments showed that the level ... | 2006 | 16816191 |
| osmotic upshift transiently inhibits uptake via abc transporters in gram-negative bacteria. | atp-binding cassette transporters from several rhizobia and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, but not secondarily coupled systems, were inhibited by high concentrations (100 to 500 mm) of various osmolytes, an effect reversed by the removal of the osmolyte. abc systems were also inactivated in isolated pea bacteroids, probably due to the obligatory use of high-osmolarity isolation media. measurement of nutrient cycling in isolated pea bacteroids is impeded by this effect. | 2006 | 16816205 |
| identification of the proteasome inhibitor mg262 as a potent atp-dependent inhibitor of the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lon protease. | lon is a homo-oligomeric atp-dependent serine protease which functions in the degradation of damaged and certain regulatory proteins. the importance of lon activity in bacterial pathogenicity has led to its emergence as a target in the development of novel antibiotics. as no potent inhibitors of lon activity have been reported to date, we sought to identify an inhibitor which could serve as a lead compound in the development of a potent lon-specific inhibitor. to determine whether a nucleotide- ... | 2006 | 16819825 |
| comparison of the concentrations of phenolic compounds in olive oils and other plant oils: correlation with antimicrobial activity. | the antimicrobial activity of different edible vegetable oils was studied. in vitro results revealed that the oils from olive fruits had a strong bactericidal action against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, this effect being higher in general against gram-positive than gram-negative bacteria. thus, olive oils showed bactericidal activity not only against harmful bacteria of the intestinal microbiota (clostridium perfringens and escherichia coli) also against beneficial microorganisms such as ... | 2006 | 16819902 |
| phylogenetic relationships among clonal groups of extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli as assessed by multi-locus sequence analysis. | the evolutionary origins of extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli (expec) remain uncertain despite these organisms' relevance to human disease. a valid understanding of expec phylogeny is needed as a framework against which the observed distribution of virulence factors and clinical associations can be analyzed. accordingly, phylogenetic relationships were defined by multi-locus sequence analysis among 44 representatives of selected expec clonal groups and the e. coli reference (ecor) coll ... | 2006 | 16820314 |
| generating tetracycline-inducible auxotrophy in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by using an insertion element and a hyperactive transposase. | we report the construction and application of a novel insertion element for transposase-mediated mutagenesis in gram-negative bacteria. besides km(r) as a selectable marker, the insertion element instet(g-)1 carries the anhydrotetracycline (atc)-regulated outward-directed pa promoter so that atc-dependent conditional gene knockouts or knockdowns are generated. the complex formed between the purified hyperactive transposase and instet(g-)1 was electroporated into escherichia coli or salmonella en ... | 2006 | 16820464 |
| alteration of the rugose phenotype in waag and ddhc mutants of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 is associated with inverse production of curli and cellulose. | the rugose (also known as wrinkled or rdar) phenotype in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 rv has been associated with cell aggregation and the ability, at low temperature under low-osmolarity conditions, to form pellicles and biofilms. two tn5 insertion mutations in genes that are involved in lipopolysaccharide (lps) synthesis, ddhc (a1-8) and waag (a1-9), of rv resulted in diminished expression of colony rugosity. scanning electron micrographs revealed that the ddhc mutant showed r ... | 2006 | 16820499 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a large subunit of salmonella typhimurium glutamate synthase (gogat) gene in escherichia coli. | two pathways of ammonium assimilation and glutamate biosynthesis have been identified in microorganisms. one pathway involves the nadp-linked glutamate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the amination of 2-oxoglutarate to form glutamate. an alternative pathway involves the combined activities of glutamine synthetase, which aminates glutamate to form glutamine, and glutamate synthase, which transfers the amide group of glutamine to 2-oxoglutarate to yield two molecules of glutamate. we have cloned th ... | 2006 | 16820760 |
| comparison of antagonistic ability against enteropathogens by g+ and g- anaerobic dominant components of human fecal microbiota. | to confirm if anaerobic g+-components are those responsible for the function of colonization resistance, obligate anaerobic g+- and g- -bacteria from normal dominant microbiota of human feces were isolated from three successive collections and then used in in vitro assays for antagonism against two enteropathogenic bacteria. the production of inhibitory diffusible compounds was determined on supplemented bhi agar and mrs agar media for g- - and g+-bacteria, respectively. salmonella enterica subs ... | 2006 | 16821725 |
| the o-antigen affects replication of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in murine macrophage-like j774-a.1 cells through modulation of host cell nitric oxide production. | o-antigen-proficient and defined o-antigen-deficient mutants of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium were compared for intracellular replication and induction of nitric oxide (no) expression in the murine macrophage-like cell line j774-a.1. while o-antigen-proficient bacteria replicated and provoked induction of host cell no synthesis to expected levels, deltawaak, deltawaal and deltawaakl mutants displayed increased growth yields and induction of significantly lower levels of macrophage no p ... | 2006 | 16822688 |
| caspase-1-dependent pore formation during pyroptosis leads to osmotic lysis of infected host macrophages. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium invades host macrophages and induces a unique caspase-1-dependent pathway of cell death termed pyroptosis, which is activated during bacterial infection in vivo. we demonstrate dna cleavage during pyroptosis results from caspase-1-stimulated nuclease activity. although poly(adp-ribose) polymerase (parp) activation by fragmented dna depletes cellular atp to cause lysis during oncosis, the rapid lysis characteristic of salmonella-infected macrophages does no ... | 2006 | 16824040 |
| safety and immunogenicity of attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium delivering an hiv-1 gag antigen via the salmonella type iii secretion system. | cks257 (salmonella typhimurium sl1344 deltaphop/phoqdelta aroa deltaasd deltastra/strb psb2131) is a live oral vaccine vector expressing hiv gag. | 2006 | 16824652 |
| detection of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium phage types dt102, dt104, and u302 by multiplex pcr. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a common cause of nontyphoidal salmonellosis in humans and animals. multidrug-resistant serovar typhimurium phage type dt104, which emerged in the 1990s, has become widely distributed in many countries. a total of 104 clinical isolates of salmonella serogroup b were collected from three major hospitals in taiwan during 1997 to 2003 and were examined by a multiplex pcr targeting the resistance genes and the spv gene of the virulence plasmid. a total of 5 ... | 2006 | 16825349 |
| comparison of multilocus sequence typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and antimicrobial susceptibility typing for characterization of salmonella enterica serotype newport isolates. | in the united states, multidrug-resistant phenotypes of salmonella enterica serotype newport (commonly referred to as mdr-ampc) have emerged in animals and humans and have become a major public health problem. although pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) is the current "gold standard" typing method for salmonella, multilocus sequence typing (mlst) may be more relevant to investigations exploring evolutionary and population biology relationships. in this study, 81 salmonella enterica serotype ... | 2006 | 16825363 |
| molecular typing reveals a unique clone of salmonella enterica serotype typhi among indian strains. | 2006 | 16825414 |