Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| viral pneumonias. epidemic respiratory viruses. | influenza, respiratory syncytial, and parainfluenza viruses usually cause mild, self-limited illness in adults. however, elderly and immunocompromised persons are at increased risk for development of severe pneumonia. clinical and radiographic features of epidemic viral pneumonias are often nonspecific. newer and faster methods of viral culture and viral antigen detection have improved the capability for definitive diagnosis in recent years. preventive measures for influenza virus pneumonia cent ... | 2000 | 10728134 |
| caffeine in the treatment of apnea associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in neonates and infants. | the xanthines have been shown to be effective in the treatment of apnea of prematurity. limited reports are available in the literature concerning the use of these agents with apnea related to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. | 2000 | 10728517 |
| the interaction of neutrophils with respiratory epithelial cells in viral infection. | viral respiratory infection is very common. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects almost all children during the first 2 years of life. respiratory syncytial virus is the most frequent cause of bronchiolitis, which is strongly linked with asthma. however, the pathophysiology of rsv bronchiolitis is unclear. neutrophils are the predominant airway leucocytes in rsv bronchiolitis and other viral infections. neutrophils and their products are likely to play an important role in viral infection. ... | 2000 | 10728725 |
| cd4(+) t-cell-mediated antiviral protection of the upper respiratory tract in balb/c mice following parenteral immunization with a recombinant respiratory syncytial virus g protein fragment. | we analyzed the protective mechanisms induced against respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a (rsv-a) infection in the lower and upper respiratory tracts (lrt and urt) of balb/c mice after intraperitoneal immunization with a recombinant fusion protein incorporating residues 130 to 230 of rsv-a g protein (bbg2na). mother-to-offspring antibody (ab) transfer and adoptive transfer of bbg2na-primed b cells into scid mice demonstrated that abs are important for lrt protection but have no effect on urt ... | 2000 | 10729118 |
| pulmonary function and exercise challenge test in thai children: 10 years post respiratory syncytial virus infection. | to report the occurrence of asthma, pulmonary function and exercise challenge test abnormalities found in thai children, who 10 years earlier had lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv-lri). | 1999 | 10730535 |
| the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus after co-formulation with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant and recombinant interleukin-12. | the effects of recombinant interleukin-12 (ril-12) on immune responses generated by subunit vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were evaluated in balb/c mice. parenteral co-administration of ril-12 with f/aloh or f/pbs resulted in accelerated clearance of infectious virus from the lungs 4 days after challenge. the immune responses elicited by 0.03 microg of f protein plus 10 ng of ril-12 adsorbed to aloh were more efficacious than those induced by 3 microg of f protein co-formulated w ... | 2000 | 10733169 |
| lung surfactant protein a provides a route of entry for respiratory syncytial virus into host cells. | lung surfactant protein a (sp-a) has a central role in host defense mediated by the interaction of surface carbohydrates of inhaled pathogens with the lectin domains of sp-a. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the most important viral pathogen of neonates and infants, encodes a highly glycosylated attachment protein, g. binding studies were performed with g-protein from rsv (human, a2 strain) and human sp-a. the effect of sp-a on the interaction between rsv and host cells was determined by two m ... | 2000 | 10733174 |
| eosinophils, ribonucleases and host defense: solving the puzzle. | the eosinophil ribonucleases eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (edn/rnase 2) and eosinophil cationic protein (ecp/rnase 3) are among the major secretory effector proteins of human eosinophilic leukocytes, cells whose role in host defense remains controversial and poorly understood. we have recently described the unusual manner in which this ribonuclease lineage has evolved, with extraordinary diversification observed in primate as well as in rodent edns and ecps. the results of our evolutionary stud ... | 1999 | 10741866 |
| the critical role of population-based epidemiology in cost-effectiveness research. | 2000 | 10742335 | |
| systemic corticosteroids in infant bronchiolitis: a meta-analysis. | to determine whether corticosteroids are efficacious in treating bronchiolitis in hospitalized infants. | 2000 | 10742365 |
| clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus subgroups a and b infections in santa fe, argentina. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has two major antigenic groups, a and b. the implications of these variants in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of rsv infection are not well defined. this study was undertaken to compare the two rsv subgroups in patients admitted to hospital. clinical and epidemiologic features of rsv subgroups in children under 30 months of age with proven rsv acute lower respiratory infections were examined during 4 winters from 1993 to 1996 in santa fe, argentina. rsv typin ... | 2000 | 10745236 |
| estimation of incidence of respiratory syncytial virus infection in schoolchildren using salivary antibodies. | an assay for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific igg in saliva is described. the assay was used to examine the incidence of rsv infection in schoolchildren 7-10 years old during one rsv season. one hundred and twenty-one volunteer children provided saliva samples in october 1997 and march 1998; 18% of the children showed a fourfold or greater rise in anti-rsv igg in the second sample. this prevalence of antibody increase is similar to that described in previous studies that measured cft l ... | 2000 | 10745237 |
| respiratory syncytial virus upper respiratory tract illnesses in adult blood and marrow transplant recipients: combination therapy with aerosolized ribavirin and intravenous immunoglobulin. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of serious respiratory illness in blood and marrow transplant (bmt) recipients. in some subsets of these immunocompromised patients, rsv upper respiratory illnesses frequently progress to fatal viral pneumonia. the frequency of progression to pneumonia is higher during the pre-engraftment than during the post-engraftment period. once pneumonia develops, the overall mortality is 60-80%, regardless of the treatment strategy. we performed a pi ... | 2000 | 10745261 |
| is it pertussis or rsv? | 2000 | 10745878 | |
| [infection of cattle by bovine respiratory syncytial virus]. | 2000 | 10748665 | |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection of human respiratory epithelial cells enhances both muscarinic and beta2-adrenergic receptor gene expression. | the possible changes in transcriptional activities of the m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (machr) and beta2-adrenergic receptor (ar) genes in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected human type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (a549 cells) were analyzed semiquantitatively by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). rsv enhanced m1 machr gene expression significantly at 4 hrs post infection (p.i.), and this enhancement persisted until 10 hrs, after peaking at 7 hrs. beta2-ar ge ... | 1999 | 10749375 |
| management of respiratory syncytial virus infections in the immunocompromised child. | 2000 | 10749471 | |
| rsvig and palivizumab: not the same. | 2000 | 10749481 | |
| immunoprophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | 2000 | 10750065 | |
| [respiratory syncytial virus infections are the most common cause of hospitalization among children. prophylaxis of high-risk individuals is red but the local epidemiology should be decisive]. | 2000 | 10750384 | |
| common antiviral agents used in women's and children's care, part 1. | antiviral medications interfere with one or more of the six parts of the viral reproductive cycle. the five mechanisms of action of antiviral agents are used to group pharmaceuticals into categories: uncoating inhibitors, nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors. the pharmacokinetics and nursing implications of specific uncoating inhibitors for respiratory viruses and nucleic acid synth ... | 2000 | 10750684 |
| [influence of respiratory viruses, cold weather and air pollution in the lower respiratory tract infections in infants children]. | all winters, there is an increase in the number of pediatric consultations, associated to three factors: cold weather, air pollution and respiratory virus epidemics. | 1999 | 10752270 |
| ct manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus infection in lung transplant recipients. | the purpose of our study was to evaluate ct findings during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in lung transplant recipients and to identify sequelae. | 2000 | 10752884 |
| pulmonary eosinophilia and production of mip-1alpha are prominent responses to infection with pneumonia virus of mice. | human eosinophils secrete two distinct ribonucleases that have antiviral activity against pathogens of the family paramyxoviridae. to examine the role of eosinophils and their ribonucleases in host defense against paramyxovirus pathogens in vivo, we have developed a mouse model involving a viral pathogen that naturally targets a rodent host. in this work we describe infection of balb/c mice with pneumonia virus of mice (pvm, strain j3666), a paramyxovirus pathogen found frequently among rodent p ... | 2000 | 10753501 |
| paramyxoviridae use distinct virus-specific mechanisms to circumvent the interferon response. | stat1 and stat2 are cellular transcription factors involved in interferon (ifn) signaling and are thus critical for the ifn-induced antiviral state. we have previously shown that the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) blocks both type i and type ii interferon (ifn) signaling by targeting stat1 for proteasome-mediated degradation. to determine whether this is a feature common to all paramyxoviridae, we examined the abilities of sv5, sendai virus (sev), human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and ... | 2000 | 10753717 |
| surfactant function affected by airway inflammation and cooling: possible impact on exercise-induced asthma. | pulmonary surfactant maintains patency of narrow conducting airways. an inflammation, with a leakage of plasma proteins into the airway lumen, causes surfactant to lose some of this ability. will a lowering of temperature aggravate the deteriorating effect of an inflammation? calf lung surfactant extract (clse) with proteins added was studied with a capillary surfactometer (cs) at temperatures of 25-42 degrees c. balb/c mice were infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). six days later th ... | 2000 | 10759448 |
| influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. update on infection, management, and prevention. | this article is an overview of the epidemiology and spectrum of clinical disease attributed to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in children. it separately discusses the pathogenesis of the two diseases and the host responses to the viruses to emphasize each infection's significance and need for a vaccine. updates on current preventive measures and a preview of potential future vaccine developments are presented. | 2000 | 10761508 |
| a step ahead. infant protection through maternal immunization. | the concept of maternal immunization to prevent infectious diseases during a period of increased vulnerability in infants is not new and is supported by historical experience and carefully conducted studies of various viral and bacterial vaccines. candidate vaccines should be minimally reactogenic, immunogenic, and safe for maternal immunization to be considered as a disease prevention strategy. the possibilities increase as more potential candidate vaccines for use during pregnancy become avail ... | 2000 | 10761514 |
| economic disadvantages of palivizumab. | 2000 | 10766708 | |
| detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal secretions by 24-well plate precentrifugation assay using a monoclonal antibody against f protein. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is responsible for 50% of all bronchiolitis and 25% of pneumonia cases during the first month of life. detection of the rsv antigen by immunofluorescence in exfoliated nasal epithelium or by other methods in nasopharyngeal swabs is useful in the potentially infected patient because results are available within a few hours. in contrast, rsv antigen detection in cell culture may require as much as 3 weeks. | 2000 | 10767488 |
| prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus in premature infants. impact-rsv study group. | 2000 | 10768456 | |
| use of cotton rats to evaluate the efficacy of antivirals in treatment of measles virus infections. | no practical animal models for the testing of chemotherapeutic or biologic agents identified in cell culture assays as being active against measles virus (mv) are currently available. cotton rats may serve this purpose. to evaluate this possibility, 5-ethynyl-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide (eicar) and poly(acrylamidomethyl propanesulfonate) (pamps), two compounds that have been reported to inhibit mv in vitro, and ribavirin, an established antiviral drug with mv-inhibitory activit ... | 2000 | 10770743 |
| [the value of rsv-prophylaxis: the shortage of data must not result in hasty decisions]. | 2000 | 10771552 | |
| [a reply: the benefit is marginal--money can be used better]. | 2000 | 10771553 | |
| lower airway disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children. most infections due to rsv are mild and do not require hospitalization. rsv causes both upper respiratory tract infections as well as lower respiratory tract infections. infants with underlying disease states like bronchopulmonary dyslasia, congenital heart disease and prematurity appear more prone to develop severe infection and have a higher incidence of hospitalization. ... | 1998 | 10771985 |
| subgroup determination of respiratory syncytial virus by rt-pcr. | pcr optimization for differentiation of rsv subgroup a (rt-pcr-1) and rsv subgroup b (rt-pcr-2) were developed. various conditions of rt-pcr-1 and rt-pcr-2 were summarized. these methods are highly specific and sensitive to differentiate rsv subgroup a and rsv subgroup b from the other respiratory viruses. | 1998 | 10772559 |
| mutational analysis of the bovine respiratory syncytial virus nucleocapsid protein using a minigenome system: mutations that affect encapsidation, rna synthesis, and interaction with the phosphoprotein. | the nucleocapsid (n) protein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) is a multifunctional protein that plays a central role in transcription and replication of viral genomic rna. to investigate the domains and specific residues involved in different n activities, we generated a total of 27 deletion and 12 point mutants of the n protein. these mutants were characterized using an intracellular brsv-cat minigenome replication system for the ability to (1) direct minigenome rna synthesis, (2) d ... | 2000 | 10772994 |
| do common childhood infections 'teach' the immune system not to be allergic? | 2000 | 10777250 | |
| [respiratory syncytial virus infections and preventive options]. | 2000 | 10778722 | |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus: first serological evidence in uruguay. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) is a major cause of respiratory disease in calves resulting in a substantial economic loss for the cattle industry worldwide. in order to determine the presence of brsv in uruguay, an immunoenzymatic test was set up, using a recombinant brsv nucleocapsid (n) protein as the antigen. the n protein was produced in sf9 insect cells by a recombinant baculovirus expressing the n protein. serum samples collected from one hundred cattle from four different geogr ... | 2000 | 10779202 |
| macrophage colony-stimulating factor antagonists inhibit replication of hiv-1 in human macrophages. | macrophages infected with hiv-1 produce high levels of m-csf and macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha (mip-1alpha). m-csf facilitates the growth and differentiation of macrophages, while the chemotactic properties of mip-1alpha attract both t lymphocytes and macrophages to the site of hiv infection. studies described in this work indicate m-csf may function in an autocrine/paracrine manner to sustain hiv replication, and data suggest possible therapeutic strategies for decreasing viral load fo ... | 2000 | 10779806 |
| influence of live respiratory syncytial virus priming on the immune response generated by a recombinant vaccine candidate, bbg2na. | respiratory syncytial virus is one of the major respiratory pathogens for infants and immunocompromized children. with the exception of young children, all the population has encountered rsv and is seropositive. recent reports have demonstrated however that the virus also affects the elderly and represents a major cause of illness associated with an excess of morbidity and mortality. we have generated a recombinant rsv vaccine, bbg2na, which is highly protective in rodents against rsv infection. ... | 2000 | 10781850 |
| effective mucosal immunization against respiratory syncytial virus using purified f protein and a genetically detoxified cholera holotoxin, ct-e29h. | we exploited the powerful adjuvant properties of cholera holotoxin (ct) to create a mucosally administered subunit vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). a genetically detoxified mutant ct with an e to h substitution at amino acid 29 of the ct-a1 subunit (ct-e29h) was compared to wild type ct for toxicity and potential use as an intranasal (in) adjuvant for the natural fusion (f) protein of rsv. when compared to ct the results demonstrated that: (1) ct-e29h binding to gm1 ganglioside ... | 2000 | 10781860 |
| influence of administration dose and route on the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of bbg2na, a recombinant respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccine candidate. | the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of bbg2na, a novel recombinant respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccine candidate, was assessed in balb/c mice under various conditions of dose, administration route and number of immunisations. a single intra-peritoneal (i.p.) dose of 2 microg, or two doses of 0.2 microg, were sufficient to induce elevated rsv-a serum antibodies and sterilising lung protective immunity. serum antibody titres were significantly boosted following second immunisations, ... | 2000 | 10781861 |
| partial protection to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) elicited in mice by intranasal immunization using live staphylococci with surface-displayed rsv-peptides. | a live bacterial vaccine-delivery system based on the food-grade bacterium staphylococcus carnosus was used for delivery of peptides from the g glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus, subtype a (rsv-a). three peptides, corresponding to the g protein amino acids, 144-159 (denoted g5), 190-203 (g9) and 171-188 (g4 s), the latter with four cysteine residues substituted for serines, were expressed by recombinant means as surface-exposed on three different bacteria, and their surface acces ... | 2000 | 10781862 |
| etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in 254 hospitalized children. | childhood community-acquired pneumonia is a common illness, but there have been relatively few comprehensive studies of the viral and bacterial etiology in developed countries. the aim of the present investigation was to determine the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children by several laboratory methods. | 2000 | 10783017 |
| etiology and treatment of pneumonia. | background: lower respiratory tract infections are a common cause of morbidity among children. among these infections pneumonia is the most serious illness and can be difficult to diagnose. the etiology of pneumonia is still partly unknown, primarily because of difficulty in obtaining adequate samples and lack of reliable diagnostic methods. etiology of pneumonia: streptococcus pneumoniae is recognized as an important cause of pediatric pneumonia regardless of age in both the inpatient and outpa ... | 2000 | 10783038 |
| management of otitis media: 2000 and beyond. | in the next few years what will alter our modes of diagnosis, choice of therapies and strategies for prevention of acute otitis media (aom)? these issues, as well as whether antibiotic resistance will continue to threaten the efficacy of currently available antimicrobial agents, whether industry and academia will be able to respond to bacterial resistance with effective new antimicrobial drugs and whether the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine will substantially reduce the incidence of aom provide a ... | 2000 | 10783040 |
| asthma and airway hyper-responsiveness in adults who required hospital admission for bronchiolitis in early childhood. | viral respiratory infections in infancy may contribute to the development of airway hyper-responsiveness (ahr) in childhood but their effects on respiratory function at the adult age are still uncertain. a group of 42 subjects aged 17-35 with a pediatrician-made diagnosis of severe bronchiolitis in infancy (br) were compared for the presence of asthma and ahr to a control group (c) paired for age and gender, without evidence of lower respiratory disease in infancy. all had a respiratory and envi ... | 2000 | 10783941 |
| [rapid diagnosis of principal respiratory viruses in the city of havana, 1995-97]. | acute respiratory diseases (ard) are the most common infections in humans and difficult to prevent. viruses have been recognized as predominant ethiological agents. in cuba, ard constitute a major problem of health and are the first cause of morbidity and important cause of mortality. in this paper, rapid diagnosis was performed to 516 clinical samples which arrived to the reference respiratory viruses laboratory of the pedro kourí institute of tropical medicine (ipk) from different parts of hav ... | 2000 | 10785939 |
| rsv not the common cold. signs & symptoms of respiratory syncytial virus. | 2000 | 10787856 | |
| novel anti-rsv dianionic dendrimer-like compounds: design, synthesis and biological evaluation. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is considered to be the leading cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children. rsv is also a common pathogen in immunocompromised adults and in the elderly. rsv infection can be epidemic and is evident worldwide. ribavirin, a small molecule agent, and synagis, a monoclonal neutralizing antibody, are the only approved drugs for treatment and prevention of rsv in high-risk patients. this review is focused on a group of novel and spec ... | 2000 | 10788595 |
| surveillance for outbreaks of respiratory tract infections in nursing homes. | outbreaks of respiratory tract infections are common in long-term care facilities for older people. the objective of our study was to determine both the frequency of such outbreaks and their clinical and epidemiological features. | 2000 | 10789627 |
| ecp level in nasopharyngeal secretions and serum from children with respiratory virus infections and asthmatic children. | infection with respiratory virus has been shown to exacerbate asthma in humans. however, the role of a respiratory virus in the pathogenesis of chronic asthma and/or wheezing in young children has not been clearly defined. it has also been debated whether virus-induced wheezing in young children is one entity and allergic asthma another, or whether they are different expressions of the same disease. the present study was done to compare ecp concentrations in nasopharyngeal secretions and serum f ... | 2000 | 10791110 |
| [prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a peripheral hospital: economic problems and ethical questions]. | 2000 | 10793937 | |
| [acute bronchiolitis in infants]. | bronchiolitis is the most common disease of the respiratory tract during the first year of life, and occurs in annual epidemics in winter. the etiology is viral, and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the commonest agent. respiratory symptoms remain generally mild, and treatment just supportive and at home. certain infants are at high risk of severe illness (age less than 3 months, preterm birth, neonatal respiratory disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, underlying chronic diseases), and requir ... | 2000 | 10793943 |
| ribavirin for respiratory syncytial virus infection of the lower respiratory tract. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of pneumonia in infants. ribavirin is the only antiviral therapy available against rsv. the objective of this review was to assess the effects of aerosolized ribavirin for infants with rsv lower respiratory tract infection. | 2000 | 10796503 |
| immunoglobulin for preventing respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus, the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children in industrialized countries, is associated with increased morbidity in premature infants with or without bronchopulmonary dysplasia as well as those with congenital heart disease. because of observations that lower rates of disease occur immediately after birth, presumably due to vertical transmission of maternal antibody, and animal studies where protection from pneumonia wa ... | 2000 | 10796658 |
| respiratory syncytial virus: changes in prevalence of subgroups a and b among argentinian children, 1990-1996. | the frequency of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and the distribution of subgroups a and b strains during 7 consecutive years (1990-1996) were examined in two cities of argentina. nasopharyngeal aspirates from 1,304 children less than 2 years of age hospitalized with acute lower respiratory infection were studied by indirect immunofluorescence. rsv was detected in 352 cases (26.9%), and the peak activity was observed in midwinter. subgroup characterization was performed with two monoclonal ant ... | 2000 | 10797385 |
| blood culture and respiratory syncytial virus identification in acute lower respiratory tract infection. | even though the incidence of pneumonia in developed and developing countries is similar, the mortality is five times higher in developing countries. this study aimed to determine the prevalence of bacteremia in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) and relative contribution of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). one hundred and one children under five years of age who attended a primary care level clinic with diagnosis of acute lrti, were enrolled. diagnosis and management ... | 1999 | 10798147 |
| use of monoclonal antibodies for rapid diagnosis of respiratory viruses in a community hospital. | an indirect fluorescence antibody (ifa) procedure was used for the rapid detection of respiratory viruses in direct clinical specimens and for determining the epidemiology of viruses in a community hospital setting. viral respiratory diseases were monitored for 10 consecutive respiratory seasons. the bartels viral respiratory screening and identification kit is an ifa method that contains pooled and individual monoclonal antibodies for seven common respiratory viruses. compared with 8,670 conven ... | 2000 | 10799452 |
| bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pulmonary complications of bone marrow transplant patients. | bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) has proved valuable in the diagnosis of pulmonary complications in immunosuppressed patients. we evaluated the diagnostic yield of bal in pulmonary complications in bone marrow transplantation (bmt) recipients. we reviewed sequentially the records of 89 patients during an 18-month period. bal was diagnostic in 42 patients (47%). the most common pulmonary complication diagnosed by bal was diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (n = 15); followed by bacterial pneumonia (n = 10), ... | 2000 | 10800066 |
| the pharmacologic mechanism by which inhaled epinephrine reduces airway obstruction in respiratory syncytial virus-associated bronchiolitis. | inhaled racemic epinephrine relieves airway obstruction in patients with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. the contribution of alpha- versus beta-adrenoreceptor stimulation toward this clinical effect is unknown. we describe an infant treated with propranolol for supraventricular tachycardia in whom respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis developed. inhaled racemic epinephrine improved his respiratory symptoms, whereas nebulized albuterol did not. | 2000 | 10802508 |
| subcritical endemic steady states in mathematical models for animal infections with incomplete immunity. | many classical mathematical models for animal infections assume that all infected animals transmit the infection at the same rate, all are equally susceptible, and the course of the infection is the same in all animals. however for some infections there is evidence that seropositives may still transmit the infection, albeit at a lower rate. animals can also experience more than one episode of the infection although those who have already experienced it have a partial immune resistance. animals w ... | 2000 | 10804257 |
| the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to acute bronchiolitis in hospitalized children in israel: a nationwide survey. | bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus is one of the major causes of hospitalization in young children, especially during the winter. recent evidence has shown that pharmacological treatment, especially nebulized epinephrine, in addition to the traditional supportive treatment, can alleviate symptoms and shorten hospitalization, but this approach is not yet widespread. | 2000 | 10804929 |
| respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy is an important risk factor for asthma and allergy at age 7. | we previously reported an increased risk for bronchial obstructive disease and allergic sensitization up to age 3 in 47 children hospitalized with a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in infancy compared with 93 matched control subjects recruited during infancy. the aims of the present study were to evaluate the occurrences of bronchial obstructive disease and allergic sensitization in these children at age 7(1)/ (2). all 140 children reported for the follow-up, which included physi ... | 2000 | 10806145 |
| monocyte il-10 production during respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis is associated with recurrent wheezing in a one-year follow-up study. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is associated with subsequent recurrent wheezing episodes. to determine whether cytokine responses during infection can be of predictive value for the development of recurrent wheezing, we performed a follow-up study in 50 hospitalized children with rsv bronchiolitis. monocyte and lymphocyte cytokine responses in vitro were studied during the acute phase of disease, and again during the convalescent phase, 3 to 4 wk later. monocyte cytokine respons ... | 2000 | 10806148 |
| synagis protects high-risk infants against rsv and lrti. | 1999 | 10808779 | |
| electron microscopy of the human respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein and complexes that it forms with monoclonal antibodies. | full-length fusion (f) glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and a truncated anchorless mutant lacking the c-terminal 50 amino acids were expressed from vaccinia recombinants and purified by immunoaffinity chromatography and sucrose gradient centrifugation. electron microscopy of full-length f protein in the absence of detergents revealed micelles, (i.e., rosettes) containing two distinct types of protein rods, one cone-shaped and the other lollipop-shaped. analysis of membran ... | 2000 | 10814577 |
| cd40 ligand (cd154) enhances the th1 and antibody responses to respiratory syncytial virus in the balb/c mouse. | cd40 ligand (cd40l) is a cell surface costimulatory molecule expressed mainly by activated t cells. cd40l is critically important for t-b cell and t cell-dendritic cell interactions. cd40l expression promotes th1 cytokine responses to protein ags and is responsible for ig isotype switching in b cells. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important pathogen of young children and the elderly, which causes bronchiolitis and pneumonia. studies of mice infected with rsv suggest that a th2 cytokine ... | 2000 | 10820273 |
| requirement of a novel upstream response element in respiratory syncytial virus-induced il-8 gene expression. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) produces intense pulmonary inflammation, in part, through its ability to induce chemokine synthesis in infected airway epithelial cells. in this study, we compare mechanisms for induction of the cxc chemokine il-8, in human type ii alveolar (a549) cells by rsv infection and by stimulation with the cytokine tnf. promoter deletion and mutagenesis experiments indicate that although the region from -99 to -54 nt is sufficient for tnf-induced il-8 transcription, this ... | 2000 | 10820277 |
| role of viruses in the pathogenesis of acute otitis media. | to date there is ample evidence suggesting a crucial role for respiratory viruses in the pathogenesis of aom. respiratory viral infection appears to initiate the cascade of events that finally leads to development of aom (fig. 1). the pathogenesis of aom is complicated, involving a network of factors, some probably not yet identified, which affect each other in a time-dependent manner. increased knowledge of the detailed mechanisms of viral infection, the host inflammatory response during uri an ... | 2000 | 10821468 |
| genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of the g protein of subgroups a and b of respiratory syncytial viruses isolated over 9 consecutive epidemics in korea. | to study genetic variation and molecular epidemiology of the g protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), 253 strains from a children's hospital in korea over 9 consecutive epidemics were analyzed. restriction analysis of the entire g protein gene demonstrated 24 genotypes among 188 subgroup a and 6 among 65 subgroup b isolates. two to 4 dominant genotypes of subgroup a cocirculated, and different genotypes predominated in each epidemic. predominant genotypes were replaced with new genotypes ... | 2000 | 10823752 |
| serum neutralizing antibody titers of seropositive chimpanzees immunized with vaccines coformulated with natural fusion and attachment proteins of respiratory syncytial virus. | subunit vaccines formulated with purified fusion proteins from the a2 (pfp-2) or attenuated 248/404 (pfp-3) strains of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were evaluated, either alone or in combination with native attachment (g) protein, for their ability to augment serum neutralizing antibody titers in seropositive chimpanzees. the results suggested that combination vaccines enhanced serum neutralizing antibody titers against both laboratory strains and clinical isolates of rsv. when compared wit ... | 2000 | 10823781 |
| monocyte interleukin-12 production is inversely related to duration of respiratory failure in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | the correlation of clinical and immunological parameters with the duration of respiratory failure was investigated to identify factors determining the clinical outcome of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis necessitating mechanical ventilation. at initiation of mechanical ventilation in 30 patients with rsv, production of interleukin (il)-12 and il-10 was measured in 48-h peripheral blood cell cultures that were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma. the ventilation ... | 2000 | 10823782 |
| respiratory syncytial virus: recent progress towards the discovery of effective prophylactic and therapeutic agents. | although respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was discovered in 1955, the burden associated with this infectious agent on all population groups is only now beginning to be fully appreciated. the successful launch of the humanized monoclonal antibody synagis (developed by medimmune, gaithersburg, md, usa), as a prophylactic in september 1998 has helped to heighten awareness of the extent of mortality and morbidity associated with annual rsv epidemics. small, drug-like molecules that would provide th ... | 2000 | 10825730 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection: clinical presentation and management. | rsv infection continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. despite advances in the understanding of its pathogenesis, limited progress has been made in prevention and treatment of rsv infection. based on the experiences thus far it seems that control of rsv infection will be a difficult and complex task. | 1995 | 10829841 |
| a risk-benefit assessment of drugs used for neonatal chronic lung disease. | improvements in neonatal intensive care have resulted in more extremely low birthweight babies surviving who are at risk of developing chronic lung disease. the preterm lung is vulnerable as it is both structurally immature and deficient in surfactant and antioxidant defences. mechanical ventilation and high inspired oxygen concentrations are often necessary for preterm babies to survive but they can cause pulmonary inflammation which leads to lung damage. abnormal healing in the presence of ong ... | 2000 | 10830255 |
| duration of secretory igm and iga antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus in a community study in guinea-bissau. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is probably the single major cause of lower respiratory infection (lri) among infants worldwide. its relative importance may be underestimated, as the diagnosis is based on antigen detection and antigen may only be detectable in the early phase of infection. we have therefore assessed the duration of secretory igm and iga antibody responses and whether assays for these antibodies can be used to improve the diagnosing of rsv-associated infections. during two rsv ... | 2000 | 10830453 |
| differences in management of bronchiolitis between hospitals in the netherlands. dutch paediatric respiratory society. | to study the variation in management of acute bronchiolitis in the netherlands, a questionnaire on the use of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and prescription of drugs after discharge was mailed to all 110 hospital-based paediatric practices in the netherlands. a 100% response rate was achieved. there was a great deal of variation in management of bronchiolitis between respondents. the most commonly applied diagnostic procedures were immunofluorescence staining of nasopharyngeal secretions ... | 2000 | 10834519 |
| rsv and the infant. | 2000 | 10835139 | |
| rsv prophylaxis--building the case for home care. | 2000 | 10835160 | |
| expression of the orf-2 protein of the human respiratory syncytial virus m2 gene is initiated by a ribosomal termination-dependent reinitiation mechanism. | translation of the open reading frame 2 (orf-2) of the human respiratory syncytial virus m2 gene initiates at one of the three initiation codons located upstream of the termination codon for the first orf. replacement of orf-2 with the major orf of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene followed by systematic mutagenesis of the putative initiation codons demonstrated the usage of these codons as the translational initiators for orf-2 expression both in vitro and in vivo. while the e ... | 2000 | 10835365 |
| respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development. | respiratory syncytial virus is the major respiratory pathogen of infants and children worldwide. currently, there is no effective vaccine to protect against respiratory syncytial virus infection. immunoprophylaxis with hyperimmune globulin or with a humanized monoclonal antibody is expensive, limited to children with underlying disease, and not practical for general use. antiviral therapy is controversial and of limited effectiveness. new approaches to the development of a vaccine for respirator ... | 2000 | 10836163 |
| circulation patterns of group a and b human respiratory syncytial virus genotypes in 5 communities in north america. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is a major cause of serious lower respiratory tract illness in infants, young children, and the elderly. to characterize the circulation patterns of hrsv strains, nucleotide sequencing of the c-terminal region of the g protein gene was performed on 34-53 isolates obtained from 5 communities during 1 epidemic year, representing distinct geographical locations in north america. phylogenetic analysis revealed that 5-7 hrsv genotypes, including 1 or 2 predomi ... | 2000 | 10837167 |
| prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus in high-risk infants: administration of immune globulin and epidemiological surveillance of infection. | hospitalizations secondary to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in children were monitored before and after the administration of rsv immune globulin. monitored also was the effectiveness of prophylaxis in preventing the disease among at-risk children along the texas-mexico border. small premature infants were at the greatest risk of hospitalization; preterm infants and then term infants followed. prophylaxis does not necessarily prevent rsv bronchiolitis but may reduce the severity of ... | 2000 | 10843015 |
| recurrent respiratory syncytial virus infections in allergen-sensitized mice lead to persistent airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is considered a risk factor for bronchial asthma; however, the synergy between allergen sensitization and rsv infection in the development of pulmonary inflammation and asthma has been controversial. in this study the effects of primary and recurrent rsv infection on allergic asthma were examined in a group of control, rsv-infected, dermatophagoides farinae (df) allergen-sensitized, and df allergen-sensitized plus rsv-infected balb/c mice. primary rsv ... | 2000 | 10843718 |
| th(1)- and th(2)-type cytokine expression by activated t lymphocytes from the lung and spleen during the inflammatory response to respiratory syncytial virus. | rsv is an important cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infants and the elderly worldwide. the components involved in immunity and those that contribute to inflammation of rsv-induced disease are not clearly understood. to address the relationship between activation antigen and cytokine expression, intracellular levels of il-2, il-4, il-5 and ifn-gamma were determined for cd3, cd44, cd49d, cd54, cd62l and cd102 lymphocytes from the bronchoalveolar lavage and spleen. to examine activation ... | 2000 | 10843768 |
| the cys(3)-his(1) motif of the respiratory syncytial virus m2-1 protein is essential for protein function. | the m2 gene of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus has two open reading frames (orfs). orf1 encodes a 22-kda protein termed m2-1. the m2-1 protein contains a cys(3)-his(1) motif (c-x(7)-c-x(5)-c-x(3)-h) near the amino terminus. this motif is conserved in all human, bovine, and ovine strains of rs virus. a similar motif found in the mammalian transcription factor nup475 has been shown to bind zinc. the m2-1 protein of human rs virus functions as a transcription factor which increases polymerase proc ... | 2000 | 10846068 |
| the core of the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein is a trimeric coiled coil. | entry into the host cell by enveloped viruses is mediated by fusion (f) or transmembrane glycoproteins. many of these proteins share a fold comprising a trimer of antiparallel coiled-coil heterodimers, where the heterodimers are formed by two discontinuous heptad repeat motifs within the proteolytically processed chain. the f protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv; the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants) contains two corresponding regions that are predicted t ... | 2000 | 10846072 |
| functional analysis of the genomic and antigenomic promoters of human respiratory syncytial virus. | the promoters involved in transcription and rna replication by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were examined by using a plasmid-based minireplicon system. the 3' ends of the genome and antigenome, which, respectively, contain the 44-nucleotide (nt) leader (le) and 155-nt trailer-complement (trc) regions, should each contain a promoter for rna replication. the 3' genome end also should have the promoter for transcription. substitution for the le with various lengths of trc demonstrated that the ... | 2000 | 10846082 |
| respiratory syncytial virus g and/or sh glycoproteins modify cc and cxc chemokine mrna expression in the balb/c mouse. | chemokine mrna expression by pulmonary leukocytes following infection of balb/c mice with two strains of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and one strain of parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) was determined. the results suggest that rsv g and/or sh proteins inhibit early mip-1alpha, mip-1beta, mip-2, mcp-1, and ip-10 mrna expression. tca-3 mrna expression was found to be increased during piv-3 infection. | 2000 | 10846112 |
| modulation of endothelin-1 expression in pulmonary epithelial cell line (a549) after exposure to rsv. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the most important respiratory tract pathogens in infants and young children. the airway epithelial cells are the primary target cells for rsv infection. the airway epithelial layer is not only a physical barrier, but also plays a role in a synthesis of a variety of major inflammatory cytokines (il-6, il-8, gm-csf etc.) as previously reported. endothelin-1 (et-1) is a potent bronchoconstrictor and vasoconstrictor factor, and involved in pathogenesis of ... | 2000 | 10851275 |
| antibodies in human infectious disease. | investigation of human antibody responses to viral pathogens at the molecular level is revealing novel aspects of the interplay of viruses with the humoral immune system. in viral infection, at least two types of human antibody responses exist: a response to mature envelope on virions that is neutralizing and a response to immature forms of envelope (viral debris) that is not. many pathogens have, to varying degrees, evolved envelopes to minimize antibody responses against epitopes exposed on th ... | 2000 | 10852127 |
| the live attenuated subgroup b respiratory syncytial virus vaccine candidate rsv 2b33f is attenuated and immunogenic in chimpanzees, but exhibits partial loss of the ts phenotype following replication in vivo. | the cold-adapted (ca), temperature-sensitive (ts) respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) subgroup b vaccine candidate, designated rsv 2b33f, was found previously to be restricted in replication, immunogenic, and protective against wild-type (wt) virus challenge in rodents and african green monkeys. we sought to investigate the level of attenuation, immunogenicity and genetic stability of this vaccine candidate in seronegative chimpanzees. the 2b33f vaccine candidate was attenuated in chimpanzees and ... | 1999 | 10854162 |
| genetic variability in envelope-associated protein genes of closely related group a strains of respiratory syncytial virus. | the genetic and antigenic diversity present in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) strains may in part be explained by genetic drift similar to that which occurs with influenza virus b. to study drift in rsv strains, we sequenced the five membrane-associated genes, m, sh, g, f, and m2, from three sets of rsv isolates: one set of seven closely related isolates obtained over 5 years in st. louis, mo, and two sets of four closely related rsv isolates from other communities. we found nucleotide-variab ... | 1999 | 10854168 |
| influenza and hospitalizations in children. | 2000 | 10858094 | |
| measuring respiratory outcome. | chronic respiratory morbidity is a common outcome of very premature birth. infants who are chronically oxygen dependent with an abnormal chest radiograph are described as suffering from chronic lung disease (cld), and those with the worst abnormalities diagnosed as having bronchopulmonary dysplasia. cld infants are very likely to be readmitted to hospital during infancy, particularly during a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) epidemic. very low birthweight, prematurity and cld are associated wit ... | 2000 | 10859706 |
| iduronic acid-containing glycosaminoglycans on target cells are required for efficient respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important human respiratory pathogen, particularly in infants. glycosaminoglycans (gags) have been implicated in the initiation of rsv infection of cultured cells, but it is not clear what type of gags and gag components are involved, whether the important gags are on the virus or the cell, or what the magnitude is of their contribution to infection. we constructed and rescued a recombinant green fluorescent protein (gfp)-expressing rsv (rgrsv) and used th ... | 2000 | 10860881 |
| role of type i ifns in the in vitro attenuation of live, temperature-sensitive vaccine strains of human respiratory syncytial virus. | the contributions of type i interferons (ifns) to the in vitro attenuation of three temperature-sensitive (ts) subgroup a and one subgroup b deletion mutant rsv strains were evaluated. the ability of these vaccine viruses to induce ifns at their permissive and restrictive temperatures and their sensitivity to the antiviral effects of exogenous i ifns were tested in human lung epithelial a549 cells. our results show that the highly attenuated and immunogenic subgroup a vaccine strain ts1c produce ... | 2000 | 10860892 |