Publications

TitleAbstractYear
Filter
PMID(sorted ascending)
Filter
sex-biased differences in the effects of host individual, host population and environmental traits driving tick parasitism in red deer.the interactions between host individual, host population, and environmental factors modulate parasite abundance in a given host population. since adult exophilic ticks are highly aggregated in red deer (cervus elaphus) and this ungulate exhibits significant sexual size dimorphism, life history traits and segregation, we hypothesized that tick parasitism on males and hinds would be differentially influenced by each of these factors. to test the hypothesis, ticks from 306 red deer-182 males and 1 ...201323819112
surveillance of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in susceptible wildlife and domestic ungulates in southeast of bulgaria following a fmd case in wild boar.following a foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) case of serotype o in wild boar in southeast of bulgaria, notified in january 2011 and eleven fmd outbreaks in livestock, a control and eradication plan according to the eu legislation was implemented. based on the epidemiological considerations a "cordon sanitaire" along the border to turkey, consisting of a defined infected area (1240 km(2)) and two areas of risk (2160 km(2)) was established. within these areas a total of 812 wild boar, 68 roe deer, 7 r ...201323830685
risks of brucella abortus spillover in the greater yellowstone area.recurrent spillover of brucella abortus from wildlife reservoirs to domestic cattle in the greater yellowstone area (gya) has prevented the united states from completely eradicating bovine brucellosis. risks to cattle are a function of the size and location of wildlife and livestock populations, the degree and nature of spatio-temporal interactions between the various hosts, the level of disease in wildlife, and the susceptibility of livestock herds. while the brucellosis prevalence in wild, fre ...201323837366
an ecological perspective on brucella abortus in the western united states.after a hiatus during the 1990s, outbreaks of brucella abortus in cattle are occurring more frequently in some of the western states of the united states, namely, montana, wyoming and idaho. this increase is coincidentwith increasing brucellosis seroprevalence in elk (cervus elaphus), which is correlated with elk density. vaccines are a seductive solution, but their use in wildlife systems remains limited by logistical, financial, and scientific constraints. cattle vaccination is ongoing in the ...201323837367
integrating ecology with management to control wildlife brucellosis.bison (bison bison) and elk (cervus elaphus) in the greater yellowstone ecosystem have long been infected with brucella abortus. the continued culling of large numbers of yellowstone bison to reduce the risk of brucellosis transmission to cattle could negatively affect long-term conservation. a desirable management objective is to reduce the level of b. abortus infection while conserving wildlife populations. identifying the ecological factors that influence immune suppression and vulnerabilityt ...201323837381
bovine brucellosis in wildlife: using adaptive management to improve understanding, technology and suppression.eradication of brucellosis from bison (bison bison) and elk (cervus elaphus) populations in the greater yellowstone area is not possible with current technology. there are considerable uncertainties regarding the effectiveness of management techniques and unintended effects on wildlife behaviour and demography. however, adaptive management provides a framework for learning about the disease, improving suppression techniques, and lowering brucellosis transmission among wildlife and to cattle. sin ...201323837383
methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) carriage in different free-living wild animal species in spain.methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is a life-threatening pathogen in humans and its presence in animals is a public health concern. the aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of mrsa in free-living wild animals. samples from red deer (n=273), iberian ibex (n=212), eurasian griffon vulture (n=40) and wild boar (n=817) taken from different areas in spain between june 2008 and november 2011 were analyzed. characterization of the isolates was performed by spa typing, multi-l ...201323846031
habitat monitoring in the wider countryside: a case study on the pursuit of innovation in red deer management.policy frameworks for protected areas, such as the eu habitats directive, ensure that environmental monitoring takes place to assess the condition of these sites. however, this monitoring rarely extends to the wider countryside, and there is no obligation for private landowners to detect trends in habitat condition. using the diffusion of innovations model as an analytical framework we conducted a series of semi-structured interviews to consider the uptake of habitat impact assessment methods th ...201323860380
gastrointestinal tract development in red deer (cervus elaphus) calves from 1 to 12 months of age.this study provides a detailed description of the development of the gastrointestinal tract (git) of farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) calves over the first 12 months of age. git development was measured using a combination of computerised tomography (ct) scanning and traditional slaughter plus dissection techniques. red deer calves of a known birth date were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. a group of five animals were repeatedly ct scanned at 31, 63, 92, 135, 207, 275 and 351 days of ...201323867068
molecular detection of theileria sp. zs to4 in red deer (cervus elaphus) and questing haemaphysalis concinna ticks in eastern austria.theileria spp. are intracellular protozoa transmitted by ixodid ticks. t. parva and t. annulata are highly pathogenic and responsible for serious disease in domestic ruminants in tropical and subtropical countries. however, asymptomatic findings of theileria sp. in wild ungulates lead to the suggestion that wild ruminants play a role as reservoirs for these piroplasms. in a game enclosure in eastern austria (federal county of burgenland), piroplasms were detected with molecular analysis in blood ...201323896062
giardia prevalence in wild cervids in poland.a total of 181 faecal samples were collected from wild cervids in two regions of poland. specimens were taken from 65 fallow deer (dama dama), 61 red deer (cervus elaphus), 50 roe deer (capreolus capreolus), and five moose (alces alces). giardia cysts were detected in one faecal specimen from the red deer and in two samples from the roe deer. although this study has demonstrated that giardia infection is remarkably rare in wild cervids, it should be emphasized that there are large populations of ...201223914615
getting the biggest birch for the bang: restoring and expanding upland birchwoods in the scottish highlands by managing red deer.high deer populations threaten the conservation value of woodlands and grasslands, but predicting the success of deer culling, in terms of allowing vegetation to recover, is difficult. numerical simulation modeling is one approach to gain insight into the outcomes of management scenarios. we develop a spatially explicit model to predict the responses of betula spp. to red deer (cervus elaphus) and land management in the scottish highlands. our model integrates a bayesian stochastic stage-based m ...201323919137
estimating resource selection with count data.resource selection functions (rsfs) are typically estimated by comparing covariates at a discrete set of "used" locations to those from an "available" set of locations. this rsf approach treats the response as binary and does not account for intensity of use among habitat units where locations were recorded. advances in global positioning system (gps) technology allow animal location data to be collected at fine spatiotemporal scales and have increased the size and correlation of data used in rs ...201323919165
resource partitioning by ungulates on the isle of rhum.this paper describes the seasonal changes in vegetation community use by red deer, cattle, goats and ponies on the isle of rhum, scotland. during the winter, when food resources were of low abundance and digestibility, the ungulates showed extensive resource partitioning. during the summer, when resource availability and digestibility was high, the grazing species, red deer, cattle and ponies congregated on the vegetation communities which contained high biomasses of a high quality resource, mes ...198923921404
animal migration amid shifting patterns of phenology and predation: lessons from a yellowstone elk herd.migration is a striking behavioral strategy by which many animals enhance resource acquisition while reducing predation risk. historically, the demographic benefits of such movements made migration common, but in many taxa the phenomenon is considered globally threatened. here we describe a long-term decline in the productivity of elk (cervus elaphus) that migrate through intact wilderness areas to protected summer ranges inside yellowstone national park, usa. we attribute this decline to a long ...201323923485
late-glacial recolonization and phylogeography of european red deer (cervus elaphus l.).the pleistocene was an epoch of extreme climatic and environmental changes. how individual species responded to the repeated cycles of warm and cold stages is a major topic of debate. for the european fauna and flora, an expansion-contraction model has been suggested, whereby temperate species were restricted to southern refugia during glacial times and expanded northwards during interglacials, including the present interglacial (holocene). here, we test this model on the red deer (cervus elaphu ...201323927498
wildlife-vehicle collisions in croatia--a hazard for humans and animals.wildlife-vehicle collisions (wvc) have increased and now there is a world-wide problem related to significant mortality of wildlife, habitat fragmentation, change in behavior and even disappearance of local endangered populations. along with these deleterious effects on wildlife, wvc can also result in injuries and deaths of humans. during the three-year monitoring, a total of 7,495 wildlife-vehicle collisions were recorded, including mainly roe deer (73%), while other species were less frequent ...201323941001
survey of bluetongue virus infection in free-ranging wild ruminants in switzerland.in 2006, bluetongue virus serotype 8 (btv-8) was detected for the first time in central europe. measures to control the infection in livestock were implemented in switzerland but the question was raised whether free-ranging wildlife could be a maintenance host for btv-8. furthermore toggenburg orbivirus (tov), considered as a potential 25th btv serotype, was detected in 2007 in domestic goats in switzerland and wild ruminants were considered a potential source of infection. to assess prevalences ...201323941229
a case of chronic wasting disease in a captive red deer (cervus elaphus).a 22-month-old, female red deer (cervus elaphus) was submitted to the university of minnesota veterinary diagnostic laboratory for necropsy and chronic wasting disease (cwd) testing. the deer was found positive for the abnormal prion protein in the obex and the retropharyngeal lymph node by immunohistochemical staining. microscopic lesions of spongiform encephalopathy and immunohistochemical staining patterns and intensity were similar to those in cwd-positive elk and experimentally infected red ...201323950558
landscape level variation in tick abundance relative to seasonal migration in red deer.partial migration is common among northern ungulates, typically involving an altitudinal movement for seasonally migratory individuals. the main driving force behind migration is the benefit of an extended period of access to newly emerged, high quality forage along the green up gradient with increasing altitude; termed the forage maturation hypothesis. any other limiting factor spatially correlated with this gradient may provide extra benefits or costs to migration, without necessarily being th ...201323951125
the anti-osteoporotic effect of velvet antler polypeptides from cervus elaphus linnaeus in ovariectomized rats.the deer velvet antler is well known for its traditional medicinal value, and is widely used in the clinic. it is recorded in the compendium of materia medica that the deer velvet antler replenishes vital essence and strengthens the bone.201323993908
orf virus infection in a hunter in western austria, presumably transmitted by game.a variety of animals host parapoxviruses. orf virus is prevalent in sheep and goats in the tyrol region of austria and northern italy. zoonotic infections in humans mostly occur after occupational exposure. we report here a case of a hunter with a typical orf lesion (contagious ecthyma) on the finger, with no history of direct contact with domestic animals. three weeks previously he had been hunting chamois (rupicapra rupicapra) and cut his finger while handling a carcass. parapoxvirus infection ...201423995221
social dominance is associated with individual differences in heart rate and energetic response to food restriction in female red deer.energy expenditure is a key mechanism underlying animal ecology, yet why individuals often differ in metabolic rate even under identical conditions remains largely unexplained. individual variation in metabolism might be explained by correlations with other behavioral and physiological traits, with individual syndromes having environment- or state-dependent costs and benefits to fitness. we tested whether social rank within herds of female red deer is associated with individual differences in re ...201323995483
sperm population structure and male fertility: an intraspecific study of sperm design and velocity in red deer.sperm design and velocity play key roles in influencing sperm performance and, therefore, can determine fertilization success. several interspecific studies have demonstrated how these features correlate, and it has been hypothesized that selection may drive changes in these sperm traits. here, we examine the association between sperm design and swimming velocity in a study conducted at an intraspecific level in iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus). we addressed how the structure of diff ...201324025739
zygomycetes from herbivore dung in the ecological reserve of dois irmãos, northeast brazil.thirty-eight taxa of zygomycetes distributed in 15 genera were recorded from tapir (tapirus terrestris), camel (camelus bactrianus), horse (equus caballus), deer (cervus elaphus), agouti (dasyprocta aguti), donkey (equus asinus), llama (llama glama) and waterbuck (kobus ellipsiprymnus) dung collected at the reserva ecológica de dois irmãos located in recife, state of pernambuco, northeast brazil. the samples were collected on a monthly basis from june 2005 to may 2006, taken to the laboratory an ...201124031609
trophic cascades from wolves to grizzly bears in yellowstone.we explored multiple linkages among grey wolves (canis lupus), elk (cervus elaphus), berry-producing shrubs and grizzly bears (ursus arctos) in yellowstone national park. we hypothesized competition between elk and grizzly bears whereby, in the absence of wolves, increases in elk numbers would increase browsing on berry-producing shrubs and decrease fruit availability to grizzly bears. after wolves were reintroduced and with a reduced elk population, we hypothesized there would be an increase in ...201424033136
validation of a single-nucleotide polymorphism panel for parentage testing of farmed red deer.red deer behaviour prevents the accurate physical matching of dams to fawns and, therefore, breeders have to rely on dna-based parentage testing. a panel consisting of 100 single nucleotide polymorphism markers, with an average minor allele frequency of 0.25, was able to resolve 92% of fawns to both parents. in comparison, an existing 12-marker microsatellite panel was able to resolve 68% of fawns to both parents. when excluding dam dna information, the single nucleotide polymorphism panel match ...201424033517
serosurvey for schmallenberg virus in alpine wild ungulates.because schmallenberg virus (sbv) was first reported in domestic ruminants in northern italy in february 2012, we conducted a serosurvey to assess the presence of sbv-specific antibodies in free-ranging alpine ruminants. the tested serum samples were from chamois (23) and red deer (352) hunted from 2007 to 2013. all of the serum samples collected through september, 2012, tested negative, whereas a single chamois serum and 21 red deer sera taken during the 2012-2013 hunting season tested positive ...201424034277
detection and genetic characterization of tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) derived from ticks removed from red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and isolated from spleen samples of red deer (cervus elaphus) in croatia.tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) is a growing public health concern in central and northern european countries. even though tbe is a notifiable disease in croatia, there is a significant lack of information in regard to vector tick identification, distribution as well as tbe virus prevalence in ticks or animals. the aim of our study was to identify and to investigate the viral prevalence of tbe virus in ticks removed from red fox (vulpes vulpes) carcasses hunted in endemic areas in northern croatia ...201424035586
spatial and temporal interactions between livestock and wildlife in south central spain assessed by camera traps.the diversification of livestock farms into hunting estates in south central spain (scs) may impede the success of mycobacterium bovis eradication programmes by facilitating transmission between wildlife and livestock. in this observational study we aimed to provide information of relevance about the nature and frequency of interactions (observed visits to study points) between livestock (cattle and domestic pigs) and wildlife (wild boar and red deer). the study was conducted in an extensive cat ...201324050782
loss of genetic diversity and inbreeding in kashmir red deer (cervus elaphus hanglu) of dachigam national park, jammu & kashmir, india.hangul (cervus elaphus hanglu), the eastern most subspecies of red deer, is now confined only to the mountains in the kashmir region of jammu & kashmir state of india. it is of great conservation significance as this is the last and only hope for asiatic survivor of the red deer species in india. wild population of free ranging hangul deer inhabiting in and around dachigam national park was genetically assessed in order to account for constitutive genetic attributes of hangul population using mi ...201324060051
determination of the parameters of the parasitic stage in ixodes ricinus females.ixodes ricinus is a tick commonly found on human and animals and of great medical and veterinary importance. the aim of the study was to determine the parameters of different stages of feeding in ixodes ricinus females.201324069846
organochlorine compound residues in muscle of wild boar (sus scrofa l.) and red deer (cervus elaphus l.): effects of age and sex.twenty-six organochlorine pesticides and 7 polychlorinated biphenyls were measured in muscle of wild boar and red deer from the czech republic. the concentration of ddt and its metabolites was higher (p < 0.01) in wild boar than in red deer, while pcbs and hch were higher (p < 0.01) in red deer than in wild boar. the concentrations of ddt and its metabolites, hexachlorobenzene and hexachlorocyclohexane isomers were higher (p < 0.05) in juvenile wild boar than in adults. pcb 153 and p,p'-dde were ...201324097284
coxiella burnetii shedding by farmed red deer (cervus elaphus).wildlife and notably deer species--due to the increasing relevance of deer farming worldwide--may contribute to the maintenance of coxiella burnetii, the causal agent of q fever. currently, there are no precedents linking exposure to deer species with human q fever cases. however, a human case of q fever was recently diagnosed in a red deer (cervus elaphus) farm, which led us to investigate whether deer could be a source for environmental contamination with c. burnetii and ascertain the implicat ...201524127840
reduced efficacy of moxidectin and abamectin in young red deer (cervus elaphus) after 20 years of moxidectin pour-on use on a new zealand deer farm.a study was undertaken on weaned 4-5 month old farmed red deer to test the efficacy of moxidectin and abamectin anthelmintics, given by three different routes of administration, compared with an untreated control. faecal samples were collected on days 0, 7 and 14 for a faecal egg count reduction test (fecrt), blood samples were collected on days 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 for pharmacokinetics, and the deer were killed on days 14 or 15 for total nematode count. the control group averaged 12 ...201424144515
the occurrence of demodex kutzeri bukva, 1987 (acari, demodecidae) in red deer (cervus elaphus l.) in poland.the occurrence of demodex kutzeri bukva, 1987 was examined and compared in red deer coming from different populations--25 red deer from northern poland (masurian lake district) and 25 from southern poland (lower silesia). the total prevalence of infestation in red deer by d. kutzeri was 52% with the mean intensity of 38 individuals and the intensity range of 1-135. parameters of infestation for red deer from northern poland were much higher (68%, 49), while for other red deer--lower (36%, 16). d ...201324171302
oral squamous cell carcinoma in a red deer (cervus elaphus).we describe the pathomorphologic and immunophenotypic characteristics of an oral squamous cell carcinoma in a 13-yr-old, free-ranging red deer (cervus elaphus) in lower saxony, germany.201424171568
temporal trend of tuberculosis in wild ungulates from mediterranean spain.tuberculosis (tb), a chronic disease caused by infection with the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, is endemic in wild boar (sus scrofa) and red deer (cervus elaphus) in south-central spain. understanding the temporal dynamics of this chronic infection requires long time series data collection over large areas. the aim of this paper was to identify the determinants of tb prevalence and severity in both species in ciudad real province, spain, from 2000 to 2012. study variables included manageme ...201324171854
the importance of observation versus process error in analyses of global ungulate populations.population abundance data vary widely in quality and are rarely accurate. the two main components of error in such data are observation and process error. we used bayesian state space models to estimate the observation and process error in time-series of 55 globally distributed populations of two species, cervus elaphus (elk/red deer) and rangifer tarandus (caribou/reindeer). we examined variation among populations and species in the magnitude of estimates of error components and density depende ...201324201239
blood-feeding patterns of horse flies in the french pyrenees.horse flies can mechanically transmit besnoitia besnoiti, the agent of bovine besnoitiosis. although previously limited to enzootic areas, especially the french pyrenees mountains, bovine besnoitiosis is now considered a re-emerging disease in western europe. to improve understanding of the role of horse flies as mechanical vectors, this study investigated their blood-feeding ecology in the eastern french pyrenees, in two high-altitude summer pastures whose main domestic ungulates were cattle, a ...201424210525
why do cervids feed on aquatic vegetation?consumption of aquatic plants is rare among cervids, despite the common occurrence of this form of vegetation. however, the paucity of literature reporting on this feeding behaviour suggests that na (but also other minerals), protein, and the ubiquitous availability of aquatic vegetation may play a role in its consumption. we present results quantifying those factors that regulate the consumption of aquatic plants in the iberian red deer. we focussed our study primarily on two questions: (i) wha ...201424220797
multimedia environmental monitoring: 50 years at hanford.environmental monitoring has been an ongoing activity on the u.s. department of energy's hanford site in southeastern washington for almost 50 years. objectives are to detect and assess potential impacts of site operations on air, surface and ground waters, foodstuffs, fish, wildlife, soil and vegetation. data from monitoring effects are used to calculate the overall radiological dose to humans working onsite or residing in nearby communities. in 1989, measured hanford site perimeter concentrati ...199324220840
pigmented chin papillomas in red (cervus elaphus)  x wapiti (cervus canadensis) stags associated with a novel papillomavirus.lesions were observed on the chins of two 2- to 3-year-old red (cervus elaphus)  x wapiti (cervus canadensis) stags from the lower north island of new zealand during velvet removal.201424224490
effect of predator odors on heart rate and metabolic rate of wapiti (cervus elaphus canadensis).we measured the heart rate (hr) and oxygen consumption ([formula: see text]) of wapiti (cervus elaphus canadensis) before, during, and after presentation of biologically irrelevant odors (pentane, thiophene, and a perfume), artificial predator odors (an ether extract of cougar feces, and pdt, a compound found in mustelid anal gland secretion), stale predator odors (dog feces and urine and fox urine, kept at ambient temperature for a few weeks), and fresh predator odors (wolf, coyote, and cougar ...199624227589
a survey of tularemia in wild mammals from fennoscandia.a total of 2696 wild mammals from fennoscandia were surveyed for tularemia. francisella tularensis was not detected in livers/spleens or kidneys from any of the 1992 small rodents captured in norway and denmark as judged by one or more of the following methods: cultivation, immunofluorescence microscopy and inoculation in laboratory mice. serologic examination of 704 wild mammals from norway, finland and sweden demonstrated 11 cases of antibody titers. agglutinating antibodies were demonstrated ...197724228959
sarcocystis species in red deer revisited: with a re-description of two known species as sarcocystis elongata n. sp. and sarcocystis truncata n. sp. based on mitochondrial cox1 sequences.in a previous investigation, five sarcocystis species were described from norwegian red deer and believed to be conspecific with species occurring in either reindeer or moose based on sarcocyst morphology and nucleotide sequences of the nuclear ribosomal dna unit. the aim of the present study was to characterize numerous isolates of these sarcocyst types at the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i gene (cox1) in order to corroborate or refute previous species designations of sarcocystis ...201424230915
fast and efficient dna-based method for winter diet analysis from stools of three cervids: moose, red deer, and roe deer.effects of cervid browsing on timber production, especially during winter, lead to economic losses in forest management. the aim of this study was to present an efficient dna-based method which allows qualitative assessment of the winter diet from stools of moose (alces alces), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), and red deer (cervus elaphus). the preliminary results of the diet composition of the three cervids from poland were also presented with a special emphasis on moose. the electropherograms o ...201324244041
environmental factors shaping ungulate abundances in poland.population densities of large herbivores are determined by the diverse effects of density-dependent and independent environmental factors. in this study, we used the official 1998-2003 inventory data on ungulate numbers from 462 forest districts and 23 national parks across poland to determine the roles of various environmental factors in shaping country-wide spatial patterns of ungulate abundances. spatially explicit generalized additive mixed models showed that different sets of environmental ...201324244044
assessing the susceptibility of transgenic mice overexpressing deer prion protein to bovine spongiform encephalopathy.several transgenic mouse models have been developed which facilitate the transmission of chronic wasting disease (cwd) of cervids and allow prion strain discrimination. the present study was designed to assess the susceptibility of the prototypic mouse line, tg(cerprp)1536(+/-), to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) prions, which have the ability to overcome species barriers. tg(cerprp)1536(+/-) mice challenged with red deer-adapted bse resulted in 90% to 100% attack rates, and bse from catt ...201424257620
sex-related differences in body condition and serum biochemical parameters in red deer (cervus elaphus) naturally infected with mycobacterium bovis.although mycobacterium bovis infection is commonly reported in red deer (cervus elaphus), potential differences in the effects of infection on male and female animals in terms of body condition and clinical biochemistry have not been reported. between november 2000 and january 2006, serum and biometrical data were collected post-mortem from 88 red deer. m. bovis-infected deer, particularly males, were typically older, heavier and in poorer body condition than uninfected animals. serum triglyceri ...201324262346
clothing increases the risk of indirect ballistic fractures.current literature has shown the mechanism of how indirect fractures occur but has not determined what factors increase the risks of such fractures. the objective of this study is thus to determine the effect of clothing and soft tissue thickness on the risk of indirect fracture formation.201324267379
a randomised controlled trial of silirum vaccine for control of paratuberculosis in farmed red deer.a randomised controlled trial to assess the efficacy of silirum vaccine in control of paratuberculosis in young farmed deer was carried out in 2008-2009 in six new zealand herds with a history of clinical disease. vaccination with silirum was carried out in four-month-old deer, and vaccinates (n=1671) and controls (n=1664) were weighed at vaccination and at 8 and 12 months old, when faecal samples were collected from 125 vaccinates and 123 controls on five farms. deer were slaughtered between 11 ...201324277915
the relationship between body-mass and puberty in young red deer (cervus elaphus) hinds: evidence of early-life effects on permissive live-weight thresholds.this study, based on the analysis of growth and reproductive records of 6158 young red deer hinds, tested the hypothesis that the nutritional environment in early life influences the permissive body mass threshold for puberty at around 16 months of age. live-weight at 3 months (i.e. weaning weight) was a proxy for their nutritional environment between birth and weaning, live-weight at 14 months was the indicator of pre-mating body mass, and pregnancy status at 18-19 months was a proxy for entry ...201324280634
anaplasma phagocytophilum strains from voles and shrews exhibit specific anka gene sequences.anaplasma phagocytophilum is a gram-negative bacterium that replicates obligate intracellularly in neutrophils. it is transmitted by ixodes spp. ticks and causes acute febrile disease in humans, dogs, horses, cats, and livestock. because a. phagocytophilum is not transmitted transovarially in ixodes spp., it is thought to depend on reservoir hosts to complete its life cycle. in europe, a. phagocytophilum was detected in roe deer, red deer, wild boars, and small mammals. in contrast to roe deer, ...201324283328
supporting nursing educators to improve retention. red deer college introduces faculty navigators. 201324288876
farm-level risk factors for the occurrence, new infection or persistence of tuberculosis in cattle herds from south-central spain.eradication of tuberculosis (tb) in cattle is a priority in the eu. however, and despite the resources invested, tb eradication is still a goal yet to be accomplished. as a consequence, the identification of risk factors contributing to tb transmission and persistence is key to a better understand and, ultimately, more cost-effectively control and eradicate this complex zoonotic disease worldwide. this study aimed to identify the factors contributing to the tb occurrence, new infection, and pers ...201424299905
effects of monoterpene odors on food selection by red deer calves (cervus elaphus).the response of red deer calves (cervus elaphus) to the odors of sitka spruce (picea sitchensis) and lodgepole pine (pinus conforta) needles and five monoterpene constituents of their essential oils was measured by simple two-choice feeding trials. all odors were significantly rejected (p < 0.05) except sitka spruce and lodgepole pine by females and sitka spruce and alpha-terpineol by males. females had a stronger dislike of all odors except lodgepole pine than males. rejection of monoterpene od ...198724302236
identification multiplex assay of 19 terrestrial mammal species present in new zealand.an identification assay has been developed that allows accurate detection of 19 of the most common terrestrial mammals present in new zealand (cow, red deer, goat, dog, horse, hedgehog, cat, tammar wallaby, mouse, weasel, ferret, stoat, sheep, rabbit, pacific rat, norway rat, ship rat, pig, and brushtail possum). this technique utilizes species-specific primers that, combined in a multiplex pcr, target small fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. each species, except hedgehog, produce ...201324310859
faunal record identifies bering isthmus conditions as constraint to end-pleistocene migration to the new world.human colonization of the new world is generally believed to have entailed migrations from siberia across the bering isthmus. however, the limited archaeological record of these migrations means that details of the timing, cause and rate remain cryptic. here, we have used a combination of ancient dna, 14c dating, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, and collagen sequencing to explore the colonization history of one of the few other large mammals to have successfully migrated into the americas at this t ...201424335981
the first detection of nematodes ashworthius sidemi in elk alces alces (l.) in poland and remarks of ashworthiosis foci limitations.ashworthius sidemi, a nematode belonging to the family of trichostrongylidae, is a primary parasite of the asian deer, mainly sika deer (cervus nippon), with which it was introduced to ukraine, as well as slovakia, the czech republic and france. migrating red deer carried this parasite from neighboring countries to polish territory. until now, in poland, this parasite has been recorded in european bison, red deer, roe deer and fallow deer. as a result of post-mortem examinations of 10 elk, 2 of ...201324338312
use of ethanol extract of mycobacterium bovis for detection of specific antibodies in sera of farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) with bovine tuberculosis.bovine tuberculosis (btb) in wildlife species poses a threat to domestic livestock in many situations. control programs for btb in livestock depend on testing and slaughtering the positive animals; however, the currently available diagnostic tests often have poor specificity. in our previous study, we developed a specific and sensitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for another mycobacterial disease - johne's disease, using surface antigens of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis ...201324341485
seasonal foraging ecology of non-migratory cougars in a system with migrating prey.we tested for seasonal differences in cougar (puma concolor) foraging behaviors in the southern yellowstone ecosystem, a multi-prey system in which ungulate prey migrate, and cougars do not. we recorded 411 winter prey and 239 summer prey killed by 28 female and 10 male cougars, and an additional 37 prey items by unmarked cougars. deer composed 42.4% of summer cougar diets but only 7.2% of winter diets. males and females, however, selected different proportions of different prey; male cougars se ...201324349498
host and pathogen dna identification in blood meals of nymphal ixodes ricinus ticks from forest parks and rural forests of poland.dna analysis of blood meals from unfed nymphal ixodes ricinus allows for the identification of tick host and tick-borne pathogens in the host species. the recognition of host species for tick larvae and the reservoirs of borrelia, rickettsia and anaplasma species were simultaneously carried out by analysis of the blood meals of 880 questing nymphal i. ricinus ticks collected in forest parks of szczecin city and rural forests in northwestern poland that are endemic areas for lyme borreliosis. the ...201324352572
acaricide and ivermectin resistance in a field population of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) collected from red deer (cervus elaphus) in the mexican tropics.in the neotropics the control of tick infestations in red deer (cervus elaphus) is achieved primarily through the use of acaricides and macrocyclic lactones. in mexico, resistance to one or multiple classes of acaricides has been reported in rhipicephalus microplus infesting cattle, but information on acaricide susceptibility in r. microplus infesting red deer is lacking. in this study we report the level of resistance to different classes of acaricides and ivermectin in r. microplus collected f ...201424365245
schmallenberg virus infection among red deer, france, 2010-2012.schmallenberg virus infection is emerging in european domestic and wild ruminants. we investigated the serologic status of 9 red deer populations to describe virus spread from september 2010 through march 2012 among wildlife in france. deer in 7 populations exhibited seropositivity, with an average seroprevalence of 20%.201424377838
do red deer stags (cervus elaphus) use roar fundamental frequency (f0) to assess rivals?it is well established that in humans, male voices are disproportionately lower pitched than female voices, and recent studies suggest that this dimorphism in fundamental frequency (f0) results from both intrasexual (male competition) and intersexual (female mate choice) selection for lower pitched voices in men. however, comparative investigations indicate that sexual dimorphism in f0 is not universal in terrestrial mammals. in the highly polygynous and sexually dimorphic scottish red deer cerv ...201324386312
testing the 'hybrid susceptibility' and 'phenological sink' hypotheses using the p. balsamifera - p. deltoides hybrid zone and septoria leaf spot [septoria musiva].hybrid genotypes that arise between plant species frequently have increased susceptibility to arthropod pests and fungal pathogens. this pattern has been attributed to the breakdown of plant defenses ('hybrid susceptibility' hypothesis) and (or) to extended periods of susceptibility attributed to plant phenologies in zones of species overlap and (or) hybridization ('phenological sink' hypothesis). we examined these hypotheses by assessing the susceptibility of parental and hybrid populus host ge ...201324386379
climate and environmental change drives ixodes ricinus geographical expansion at the northern range margin.global environmental change is causing spatial and temporal shifts in the distribution of species and the associated diseases of humans, domesticated animals and wildlife. in the on-going debate on the influence of climate change on vectors and vector-borne diseases, there is a lack of a comprehensive interdisciplinary multi-factorial approach utilizing high quality spatial and temporal data.201424401487
what cues do ungulates use to assess predation risk in dense temperate forests?anti-predator responses by ungulates can be based on habitat features or on the near-imminent threat of predators. in dense forest, cues that ungulates use to assess predation risk likely differ from half-open landscapes, as scent relative to sight is predicted to be more important. we studied, in the białowieża primeval forest (poland), whether perceived predation risk in red deer (cervus elaphus) and wild boar (sus scrofa) is related to habitat visibility or olfactory cues of a predator. we us ...201424404177
volatile compounds from the red deer (cervus elaphus) secretion from the tail gland.the major volatile, organic compounds secreted by the tail gland of the red deer (cervus elaphus) have been identified as phenol,m-cresol, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, benzoic acid, phenylacetic acid, ethylphenol, dimethyl sulfone,o-cresol and 3-phenylpropanoic acid. the secretion from ten dead and three live animals was investigated, those from the live ones over a period of time. there were variations in the relative amounts of the identified compounds, but no correlation of the variations with ...198324407458
evaluating the tuberculosis hazard posed to cattle from wildlife across europe.tuberculosis (tb) caused by infection with mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis) and other closely related members of the m. tuberculosis complex (mtc) infects many domestic and wildlife species across europe. transmission from wildlife species to cattle complicates the control of disease in cattle. by determining the level of tb hazard for which a given wildlife species is responsible, the potential for transmission to the cattle population can be evaluated. we undertook a quantitative review of tb ha ...201424423727
interspecies comparison of chlorinated contaminant concentrations and profiles in wild terrestrial mammals from northwest poland.the aim of this study was to determine residual polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and organochlorine pesticides in the adipose tissue of wild terrestrial mammals coming from the same area in northwest poland and to compare the organochlorine content and profile between species. the study was performed on five mammalian species, including omnivores (badger, wild boar, raccoon dog) and herbivores (roe deer, red deer). the obtained results show that the levels of residues of most of the analyzed com ...201424430167
complete mitochondrial genome sequence of tarim red deer (cervus elaphus yarkandensis).the complete mitochondrial genome of the tarim red deer, cervus elaphus yarkandensis, was determined by accurate polymerase chain reaction. the entire genome was 16,351 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rrna genes, 22 trna genes and 1 control region, all of which were arranged in a typical vertebrate manner. the overall base composition of the northeast sika deer's mitochondrial genome was 33.3% of a, 24.4% of c, 28.9% of t and 13.4% of g. a termination-associated sequence an ...201624438284
use of stable isotopes to identify dietary differences across subpopulations and sex for a free-ranging generalist herbivore.carbon and nitrogen isotopes in tissues can be used to understand plants consumed by various taxa, but can they provide additional information about consumers? values of δ(13)c and δ(15)n were assessed from tissue of free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus) occupying disparate habitats of mixed prairie-oak savannah that contained c3 agricultural crops in a c4-dominated landscape and in key plants consumed by elk. muscle and hoof samples were collected from female and male elk in two subpopulations (for ...201424450704
campylobacter infection in wild artiodactyl species from southern spain: occurrence, risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility.a cross-sectional study was performed to assess the occurrence of campylobacter species and to identify potential associated risk factors for wild artiodactyl species in southern spain. campylobacter species were isolated in 55 of 363 (15.2%) faecal samples. campylobacter was identified in faeces from wild boar (49/126; 38.9%), red deer (5/179; 2.8%) and mouflon (1/13; 7.7%) but not from fallow deer (0/45). the isolated campylobacter species were identified as c. jejuni (2 isolates; 3.6%), c. co ...201424462184
dances with anthrax: wolves (canis lupus) kill anthrax bacteremic plains bison (bison bison bison) in southwestern montana.bacillus anthracis, the cause of anthrax, was recovered from two plains bison (bison bison bison) cows killed by wolves (canis lupus) in montana, usa, without associated wolf mortality in july 2010. this bison herd experienced an epizootic in summer 2008, killing ∼ 8% of the herd, the first documented in the region in several decades. no wolf deaths were associated with the 2008 event. surveillance has continued since 2008, with research, ranch, and wildlife personnel diligent during summer. as ...201424484485
severe hoof disease in free-ranging roosevelt elk (cervus elaphus roosevelti) in southwestern washington, usa.reports of free-ranging roosevelt elk (cervus elaphus roosevelti) with abnormal hooves and lameness increased significantly in southwestern washington, usa, during winter 2008. in march 2009 we examined five severely affected elk with clinical lameness from this region to characterize hoof lesions, examine the general health of affected elk, and potentially identify etiologies causing hoof disease. three clinically normal elk from an adjacent but unaffected region were also collected as normal c ...201424484504
isolation of mycobacterium caprae (lechtal genotype) from red deer (cervus elaphus) in italy.during tuberculosis (tb) surveillance, 53 hunted red deer (cervus elaphus) were collected to determine whether tb was present in free-ranging animals from an italian alpine area. samples (lungs, liver, intestine, and lymph nodes) were cultured and analyzed by real-time pcr assay carried out directly on tissue. mycobacterium caprae was isolated from small granulomatous, tuberculosis-like lesions in the liver of a 12-yr-old female. identification of suspect colonies was done by pcr restriction fra ...201424499334
reversible immobilization of free-ranging red deer (cervus elaphus) with xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam and atipamezole.forty-eight free-ranging red deer (cervus elaphus) were immobilized with xylazine (x) and tiletamine-zolazepam (tz) by dart injection during winter 2008 in norway. a follow-up study in five animals during winter 2010 included arterial blood samples analyzed with a portable clinical analyzer in the field. thirty-five of 48 animals were effectively immobilized and 13 required a second dart. mean ± sd doses were 2.89 ± 0.45 mg x/kg and 2.89 ± 0.45 mg tz/kg in calves and 2.97 ± 0.66 mg x/kg and 1.91 ...201424506427
constructing str multiplexes for individual identification of hungarian red deer.red deer is the most valuable game of the fauna in hungary, and there is a strong need for genetic identification of individuals. for this purpose, 10 tetranucleotide str markers were developed and amplified in two 5-plex systems. the study presented here includes the flanking region sequence analysis and the allele nomenclature of the 10 loci as well as the pcr optimization of the deerplex i and ii. ld pairwise tests and cross-species similarity analyses showed the 10 loci to be independently i ...201424512288
pathogens at the livestock-wildlife interface in western alberta: does transmission route matter?in southwestern alberta, interactions between beef cattle and free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus) may provide opportunities for pathogen transmission. to assess the importance of the transmission route on the potential for interspecies transmission, we conducted a cross-sectional study on four endemic livestock pathogens with three different transmission routes: bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus 1 (predominantly direct transmission), mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (ma ...201424517283
piroplasmosis in wildlife: babesia and theileria affecting free-ranging ungulates and carnivores in the italian alps.piroplasmosis are among the most relevant diseases of domestic animals. babesia is emerging as cause of tick-borne zoonosis worldwide and free-living animals are reservoir hosts of several zoonotic babesia species. we investigated the epidemiology of babesia spp. and theileria spp. in wild ungulates and carnivores from northern italy to determine which of these apicomplexan species circulate in wildlife and their prevalence of infection.201424533742
wherefrom and whereabouts of an alien: the american liver fluke fascioloides magna in austria: an overview.the giant liver fluke fascioloides magna, an invasive species originating from north america, was recorded in austria in the wild for the first time in 2000. since then, various data concerning the epidemiology in snail intermediate hosts and cervid final hosts have been reported. galba truncatula acts as snail intermediate host, and red deer, roe deer and fallow deer act as final hosts. g. truncatula is abundant throughout the region, especially along muddy shores of slow-flowing branches of th ...201424535172
population density and small-scale variation in habitat quality affect phenotypic quality in roe deer.we tested for fine-scale spatial heterogeneity in habitat quality in a roe deer (capreolus capreolus) population in the chizé reserve located in western france by measuring spatial variation in the availability and plant nitrogen content of principal and preferred plant species. there were significant differences in habitat quality within the reserve: the principal food plants in spring and summer occurred more frequently in the oak woodland in the north than in the beech woodland in the south o ...200124549909
wild deer as potential vectors of anthelmintic-resistant abomasal nematodes between cattle and sheep farms.gastrointestinal (gi) nematodes are among the most important causes of production loss in farmed ruminants, and anthelmintic resistance is emerging globally. we hypothesized that wild deer could potentially act as reservoirs of anthelmintic-resistant gi nematodes between livestock farms. adult abomasal nematodes and faecal samples were collected from fallow (n = 24), red (n = 14) and roe deer (n = 10) from venison farms and areas of extensive or intensive livestock farming. principal components ...201424552838
greece: a balkan subrefuge for a remnant red deer (cervus elaphus) population.a number of phylogeographic studies have revealed the existence of multiple ice age refugia within the balkan peninsula, marking it as a biodiversity hotspot. greece has been reported to harbor genetically differentiated lineages from the rest of balkans for a number of mammal species. we therefore searched for distinct red deer lineages in greece, by analyzing 78 samples originating from its last population in parnitha mountain (central greece). additionally, we tested the impact of human-induc ...201424558101
antler length of yearling red deer is determined by population density, weather and early life-history.in red deer, yearling antler length is a largely nutrition-mediated phenotypic character, and is therefore sometimes used as an indirect estimate of range quality and population condition. however, the parameters affecting yearling antler length have been little studied. we analyse the contributions of density, weather and maternal effects on yearling antler length of 581 individual stags born 1970-1996 on the isle of rum (scotland). we show that antler length is a good measure of yearling condi ...200124577649
observations on the phenotypic relationships between anti-carla salivary iga antibody response, nematode infection levels and growth rates in farmed red (cervus elaphus) and wapiti hybrid deer (cervus elaphus canadensis).nematode parasites are one of the most significant production limiting factors in farmed deer in new zealand. one long term strategy to reduce reliance on anthelmintics is to select deer that develop resistance to parasites. it has been shown in sheep that secretory antibody (iga) in the saliva against a carbohydrate larval antigen (carla) on infective larvae (l3) of a wide range of gastro-intestinal nematodes protects against reinfection. this paper describes a longitudinal slaughter study unde ...201424582525
intra- and interspecific differences in diet quality and composition in a large herbivore community.species diversity in large herbivore communities is often explained by niche segregation allowed by differences in body mass and digestive morphophysiological features. based on large number of gut samples in fall and winter, we analysed the temporal dynamics of diet composition, quality and interspecific overlap of 4 coexisting mountain herbivores. we tested whether the relative consumption of grass and browse differed among species of different rumen types (moose-type and intermediate-type), w ...201424586233
levels of infection, pathology and nodule size of onchocerca flexuosa (nematoda: onchocercidae) in red deer (cervus elaphus) from northern spain.between 2005 and 2007, the presence of onchocerca flexuosa (wedl, 1856) was discovered and investigated in 110 red deer (cervus elaphus) shot in the riaño regional hunting reserve, in the province of león (north-western spain). nodules containing o. flexuosa were located in the dorsal region and flanks of the deer. these were collected and measured, and some adult parasites were extracted from the nodules and identified by morphology and by obtaining mitochondrial 12s rdna sequences, which were ...201524622346
reliable discrimination of 10 ungulate species using high resolution melting analysis of faecal dna.identifying species occupying an area is essential for many ecological and conservation studies. faecal dna is a potentially powerful method for identifying cryptic mammalian species. in new zealand, 10 species of ungulate (order: artiodactyla) have established wild populations and are managed as pests because of their impacts on native ecosystems. however, identifying the ungulate species present within a management area based on pellet morphology is unreliable. we present a method that enables ...201424637802
hepatitis e virus antibody prevalence in wildlife in poland.hepatitis e is an important public health problem mostly in developing but occasionally also in industrialized countries. domestic and wildlife animals are considered reservoirs of the hepatitis e virus (hev). since no information on the prevalence of autochthonous hev infections in human and animal in poland is available, the aim of the study was to investigate the hev seroprevalence of different wildlife species as potential virus reservoirs in the country. no hev antibodies were found in any ...201524655475
consequences of a refuge for the predator-prey dynamics of a wolf-elk system in banff national park, alberta, canada.refugia can affect predator-prey dynamics via movements between refuge and non-refuge areas. we examine the influence of a refuge on population dynamics in a large mammal predator-prey system. wolves (canis lupus) have recolonized much of their former range in north america, and as a result, ungulate prey have exploited refugia to reduce predation risk with unknown impacts on wolf-prey dynamics. we examined the influence of a refuge on elk (cervus elaphus) and wolf population dynamics in banff n ...201424670632
[the importance of wildlife as reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in bavaria--first results].the use of antimicrobial agents is responsible for the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria. nevertheless, multiresistant bacteria have been found in animals that have never been exposed to antimicrobial agents. wild animals that are carriers of methicillin-resistant organisms represent a hazard since they can transmit their bacteria to other animals and to humans. in the hunting season 2009/2010 nasal swabs of 98 red deer and 109 wild boars were examined for the presence of met ...201424693658
aqueous extract of red deer antler promotes hair growth by regulating the hair cycle and cell proliferation in hair follicles.deer antlers are the only mammalian appendage capable of regeneration. we aimed to investigate the effect of red deer antler extract in regulating hair growth, using a mouse model. the backs of male mice were shaved at eight weeks of age. crude aqueous extracts of deer antler were prepared at either 4 °c or 100 °c and injected subcutaneously to two separate groups of mice (n = 9) at 1 ml/day for 10 consecutive days, with water as a vehicle control group. the mice skin quantitative hair growth pa ...201424695964
concentrations of trace elements in american alligators (alligator mississippiensis) from florida, usa.concentrations of 28 trace elements (li, mg, al, v, cr, mn, fe, co, ni, cu, zn, ga, as, se, rb, sr, mo, ag, cd, in, sn, sb, cs, tl, hg, pb, and bi) in the livers of juvenile and adult american alligators inhabiting two central florida lakes, lake apopka (la), and lake woodruff national wildlife refuge (lw) and one lagoon population located in merritt island national wildlife refuge (minwr; nasa), were determined. in juveniles from minwr, concentrations of nine elements (li, fe, ni, sr, in, sb, h ...201424698170
the symbiotic intestinal ciliates and the evolution of their hosts.the evolution of sophisticated differentiations of the gastro-intestinal tract enabled herbivorous mammals to digest dietary cellulose and hemicellulose with the aid of a complex anaerobic microbiota. distinctive symbiotic ciliates, which are unique to this habitat, are the largest representatives of this microbial community. analyses of a total of 484 different 18s rrna genes show that extremely complex, but related ciliate communities can occur in the rumen of cattle, sheep, goats and red deer ...201424703617
complete mitochondrial genome sequence of northeastern red deer (cervus elaphus xanthopygus).the complete mitochondrial genome of the northeastern red deer, cervus elaphus xanthopygus, was determined by accurate polymerase chain reaction. the entire genome is 16,416 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rrna genes, 22 trna genes and 1 control region, all of which are arranged in a typical vertebrate manner. the overall base composition of the northeastern red deer's mitochondrial genome is 33.3% of a, 24.3% of c, 28.9% of t and 13.5% of g. a termination-associated sequenc ...201624708113
mineral licks: motivational factors for visitation and accompanying disease risk at communal use sites of elk and deer.free-ranging cervids acquire most of their essential minerals through forage consumption, though occasionally seek other sources to account for seasonal mineral deficiencies. mineral sources occur as natural geological deposits (i.e., licks) or as anthropogenic mineral supplements. in both scenarios, these sources commonly serve as focal sites for visitation. we monitored 11 licks in rocky mountain national park, north-central colorado, using trail cameras to quantify daily visitation indices (d ...201424711146
partial migration and transient coexistence of migrants and residents in animal populations.partial migration, whereby a proportion of the population migrates, is common across the animal kingdom. much of the focus in the literature has been on trying to explain the underlying mechanisms for the coexistence of migrants and residents. in addition, there has been an increasing number of reports on the prevalence and frequency of partially migratory populations. one possible explanation for the occurrence of partial migration, which has received no attention in the literature, is that of ...201424722396
Refresh
firstprev
...31323334353637383940...
nextlast
Displaying items 3501 - 3600 of 4335