Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| rna interference acts as a natural antiviral response to o'nyong-nyong virus (alphavirus; togaviridae) infection of anopheles gambiae. | rna interference (rnai) is triggered in eukaryotic organisms by double-stranded rna (dsrna), and it destroys any mrna that has sequence identity with the dsrna trigger. the rnai pathway in anopheles gambiae can be silenced by transfecting cells with dsrna derived from exon sequence of the a. gambiae argonaute2 (agago2) gene. we hypothesized that rnai may also act as an antagonist to alphavirus replication in a. gambiae because rna viruses form dsrna during replication. silencing agago2 expressio ... | 2004 | 15583140 |
| formation and loss of large, unstable tandem arrays of the piggybac transposable element in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. | the class ii transposable element, piggybac, was used to transform the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. in two transformed lines only 15-30% of progeny inherited the transgene, with these individuals displaying mosaic expression of the egfp marker gene. southern analyses, gene amplification of genomic dna, and plasmid rescue experiments provided evidence that these lines contained a high copy number of piggybac transformation constructs and that much of this dna consisted of both donor and ... | 2004 | 15587266 |
| the early gene broad is involved in the ecdysteroid hierarchy governing vitellogenesis of the mosquito aedes aegypti. | the broad (br) gene, encoding a family of c2h2 type zinc-finger dna-binding proteins, has been shown to act as a crucial member of the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) regulatory hierarchy in the fruitfly, drosophila melanogaster and the moth, manduca sexta. in this study, we have shown that the br gene is involved in the 20e-regulatory hierarchy controlling vitellogenesis in the mosquito, aedes aegypti. unlike e74 and e75 early genes, expression of br was activated in previtellogenic females, during a ... | 2004 | 15591032 |
| reinvestigation of an endogenous meiotic drive system in the mosquito, aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | we have initiated efforts to determine the molecular basis for the m(d) meiotic drive system in the mosquito, aedes aegypti. the effect of the m(d) gene is a highly male-biased sex ratio, but varies depending on the frequency and sensitivity of a susceptible responder m(s) allele. the m(d) system has potential as a mechanism for driving trangenes for pathogen resistance into natural ae. aegypti populations. because all previously existing laboratory strains carrying the m(d) gene have been lost, ... | 2004 | 15605641 |
| behavioral responses of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) exposed to deltamethrin and possible implications for disease control. | behavioral responses of nine aedes aegypti (l.) strains, six from recent field collections and three from the long-established laboratory colonies, were tested under laboratory-controlled conditions by using an excito-repellency test system. all nine strains showed significant behavioral escape responses when exposed to deltamethrin at the standard field dose (0.02 g/m2), regardless of background insecticide susceptibility status (susceptible or tolerant/resistant). insecticide contact irritancy ... | 2004 | 15605644 |
| temporal and geographic patterns of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) production in iquitos, peru. | large-scale longitudinal cohort studies are necessary to characterize temporal and geographic variation in aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) production patterns and to develop targeted dengue control strategies that will reduce disease. we carried out pupal/demographic surveys in a circuit of approximately 6,000 houses, 10 separate times, between january 1999 and august 2002 in the amazonian city of iquitos, peru. we quantified the number of containers positive for ae. aegypti larvae and/o ... | 2004 | 15605653 |
| quantitative trait loci affecting dengue midgut infection barriers in an advanced intercross line of aedes aegypti. | quantitative trait loci (qtl) affecting the ability of the aedes aegypti midgut to become infected with dengue 2 virus (den2) were mapped in the f5 generation of an advanced intercross line (ail). a strain of ae. aegypti previously selected for den2 susceptibility was crossed to a new strain selected for refractoriness to midgut infection. in p1 and f1 parents and 147 f5 offspring, genotypes at forty-four cdna loci were analysed. a new sex linked qtl and a second qtl on chromosome ii with genoty ... | 2004 | 15606812 |
| characterization of a silkworm thioredoxin peroxidase that is induced by external temperature stimulus and viral infection. | a thioredoxin peroxidase (tpx) that reduces h(2)o(2) was firstly characterized in the lepidopteran insect, silkworm bombyx mori. the b. mori tpx (bmtpx) cdna contains an open reading frame of 585 bp encoding 195 amino acid residues and possesses two cysteine residues that are characteristic of 2-cys subgroup of peroxiredoxin family. the deduced amino acid sequence of the bmtpx cdna showed 78% identity to drosophila melanogaster (dmtpx-1), 73% to aedes aegypti (aatpx), and 54-48% to other insect ... | 2005 | 15607657 |
| [dengue prevention and control: a review of studies on knowledge, beliefs, and practices]. | this article aims to contribute to dengue control programs through a review of recent studies on knowledge, beliefs, and practices concerning dengue and dengue prevention. the results show that adequate knowledge of dengue and prevention methods are found in close association with high rates of domiciliary infestation by aedes aegypti. this suggests that traditional education strategies, although efficient in transmitting information, have failed to change population behavior. qualitative studie ... | 2004 | 15608846 |
| [susceptibility of aedes aegypti to temephos and cypermethrin insecticides, brazil]. | bioassays were performed in order to detect the susceptibility of aedes aegypti to the chemical insecticides temephos and cypermethrin. the results showed that this species is susceptible to temephos and presents resistance to cypermethrin. | 2004 | 15608903 |
| the changing tails of a novel short interspersed element in aedes aegypti: genomic evidence for slippage retrotransposition and the relationship between 3' tandem repeats and the poly(da) tail. | a novel family of trna-related sines named gecko was discovered in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. approximately 7200 copies of gecko were distributed in the a. aegypti genome with a significant bias toward a + t-rich regions. the 3' end of gecko is similar in sequence and identical in secondary structure to the 3' end of mosqui, a non-ltr retrotransposon in a. aegypti. nine conserved substitutions and a deletion separate gecko into two groups. group i includes all gecko that end with ... | 0 | 15611173 |
| selection for virulent dengue viruses occurs in humans and mosquitoes. | dengue is the most common mosquito-borne viral disease in humans. the spread of both mosquito vectors and viruses has led to the resurgence of epidemic dengue fever (a self-limited flu-like syndrome) and the emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever (severe dengue with bleeding abnormalities) in urban centers of the tropics. there are no animal or laboratory models of dengue disease; indirect evidence suggests that dengue viruses differ in virulence, including their pathogenicities for humans and ep ... | 2005 | 15613313 |
| age-associated mortality in immune challenged mosquitoes (aedes aegypti) correlates with a decrease in haemocyte numbers. | mosquitoes vector pathogens. one aspect that has been overlooked in mosquito-pathogen relationships is the effect of host age on immune competence. here, we show that there is age-associated mortality following immune challenge with escherichia coli. this mortality correlates with a decrease in haemocyte numbers (blood cells) and a decreased ability to kill e. coli. although the number of haemocytes decreases, the available haemocytes retain their phagocytic ability regardless of age, and we est ... | 2005 | 15617522 |
| targeted mutagenesis of loop residues in the receptor-binding domain of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin affects larvicidal activity. | loop residues in domain ii of bacillus thuringiensis cry delta-endotoxins have been demonstrated to be involved in insecticidal specificity. in this study, selected residues in loops beta6-beta7 (s(387)sps(390)), beta8-beta9 (s(410), n(411), t(413), t(415), e(417) and g(418)) and beta10-beta11 (d(454)yns(457)) in domain ii of the cry4ba mosquito-larvicidal protein were changed individually to alanine by pcr-based directed mutagenesis. all mutant toxins were expressed in escherichia coli jm109 ce ... | 2005 | 15621455 |
| larvicidal activity of plant extracts used alone and in combination with known synthetic larvicidal agents against aedes aegypti. | larvicidal activity of acetone and petroleum ether extracts of four plants murraya koenigii, coriandrum sativum, ferula asafoetida, trigonella foenum graceum and synthetic larvicides fenthion and temephos used alone and in combination was carried out against a. aegypti larvae under laboratory conditions. optimum values were found out by using different concentrations of each plant (ranged 25 ppm-900 ppm) and both synthetic larvicides (ranged 0.01-7.5 ppm). the synergistic study was carried out b ... | 2004 | 15623234 |
| characterization of neuropeptide f and its receptor from the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae. | the genome of anopheles gambiae contains sequences encoding a neuropeptide f (ang-npf) and npf receptor (ang-npfr) related to the neuropeptide y signaling family. cdnas for each were cloned and sequenced. ang-npfr was stably expressed for radioligand binding analysis. ang-npf exhibited high affinity (ic50 approximately 3 nm) membrane binding; npfs from aedes aegypti (aea-npf) and drosophila melanogaster (drm-npf) were less potent, with the rank order: ang-npf>aea-npf>drm-npf>drm-npf8-36. rt-pcr ... | 2005 | 15626509 |
| identification of mosquito sterol carrier protein-2 inhibitors. | a mosquito sterol carrier protein-2, aescp-2, has been shown to aid in the uptake of cholesterol in mosquito cells. the discovery of chemical inhibitors of aescp-2 is reported here. aescp-2 inhibitors (scpis) belong to several chemotypes of hydrophobic compounds. those inhibitors competed with cholesterol for aescp-2, binding with relatively high binding affinities. in cultured insect cells, scpis reduced cholesterol uptake by as much as 30% at 1-5 microm concentrations. scpis were potent larvic ... | 2005 | 15627652 |
| characterization of two novel pacifastin-like peptide precursor isoforms in the desert locust (schistocerca gregaria): cdna cloning, functional analysis and real-time rt-pcr gene expression studies. | in the last decade, a new serine protease inhibitor family has been described in arthropods. eight members of the family were purified from locusts and share a conserved cysteine array (cys-xaa(9-12)-cys-asn-xaa-cys-xaa-cys-xaa(2-3)-gly-xaa(3-6)-cys-thr-xaa3-cys) with nine inhibitory domains of the light chain of the crayfish protease inhibitor, pacifastin (plds; pacifastin light chain domains). using cdna cloning, several pacifastin-related precursors have been identified, encoding additional p ... | 2005 | 15631618 |
| neurologic aspects of infections in international travelers. | as international travel for business and pleasure becomes part of contemporary lifestyle, the clinician today is confronted with an increasing number of travelers returning ill with unfamiliar syndromes. the physician will encounter a myriad of patients with exotic infections, emerging infectious diseases, or resurgent old-world infections. | 2005 | 15631642 |
| detection of dengue viruses in field-caught aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in maracay, aragua state, venezuela by type-specific polymerase chain reaction. | virological surveillance of dengue viruses in aedes aegypti populations constitutes a powerful tool for early prediction of dengue outbreaks. we have standardized a protocol for viral rna extraction from individual and pools of mosquitoes that permits a sensitive detection of dengue virus without rna degradation or pcr inhibition when we apply a semi-nested rt-pcr. the limit of detection for each dengue serotype was 0.1 pfu. in a prospective field study conducted from november 2000 to december 2 ... | 2005 | 15639750 |
| horizontal and vertical dispersal of dengue vector mosquitoes, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, in singapore. | to study the dispersal of dengue vector mosquitoes in singapore, females of aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae) were fed blood containing rubidium (rb), which was detectable in their eggs by means of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (gfaas). laboratory calibration of the rb reading, for a range of egg numbers from rb-fed females, indicated a reasonably linear relationship and an unequivocal distinction between results with zero and one marked ... | 2004 | 15642001 |
| microarray analysis for identification of plasmodium-refractoriness candidate genes in mosquitoes. | the identification and cloning of genes conferring mosquito refractoriness to the malaria parasite is critical for understanding malaria transmission mechanisms and holds great promise for developing novel approaches to malaria control. the mosquito midgut is the first major site of interaction between the parasite and the mosquito. failure of the parasite to negotiate this environment can be a barrier for development and is likely the main cause of mosquito refractoriness. this paper reports a ... | 2004 | 15644964 |
| gene expression patterns associated with blood-feeding in the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae. | blood feeding, or hematophagy, is a behavior exhibited by female mosquitoes required both for reproduction and for transmission of pathogens. we determined the expression patterns of 3,068 ests, representing ~2,000 unique gene transcripts using cdna microarrays in adult female anopheles gambiae at selected times during the first two days following blood ingestion, at 5 and 30 min during a 40 minute blood meal and at 0, 1, 3, 5, 12, 16, 24 and 48 hours after completion of the blood meal and compa ... | 2005 | 15651988 |
| quantitative genetics of vector competence for la crosse virus and body size in ochlerotatus hendersoni and ochlerotatus triseriatus interspecific hybrids. | la crosse virus is a leading cause of pediatric encephalitis in the united states. the mosquito ochlerotatus triseriatus is an efficient vector for la crosse virus, whereas the closely related o. hendersoni transmits only at very low rates. quantitative trait loci (qtl) affecting the ability to orally transmit this virus and adult body size were identified in 164 f(2) female individuals from interspecific crosses of o. hendersoni females and o. triseriatus males using a combination of composite ... | 2005 | 15654112 |
| [aedes aegypti infestation and occurrence of dengue in the city of belo horizonte, brazil]. | to assess the association between the proportion of buildings positive for aedes aegypti larvae measured by means of building infestation rate and dengue incidence rate. | 2005 | 15654458 |
| intersectoral coordination in aedes aegypti control. a pilot project in havana city, cuba. | background the 55th world health assembly declared dengue prevention and control a priority and urged member states to develop sustainable intersectoral strategies to this end. to provide evidence for the reorientation of the dengue prevention policy in cuba, we launched an intervention study to document the effectiveness of a local-level intersectoral approach. | 2005 | 15655017 |
| the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.) leucokinin receptor is a multiligand receptor for the three aedes kinins. | a cdna cloned from aedes aegypti (l.) (aedae) female malpighian tubule (ay596453) encodes a 584 amino acid residue protein (65.2 kda) predicted as a g protein-coupled receptor and orthologue of the drosokinin receptor from drosophila melanogaster and highly similar to the tick boophilus microplus myokinin receptor (af228521). based on the similarity to this aedes sequence, we also propose a correction for the anopheles gambiae protein sequence eaa05450. when expressed in cho-k1 cells, the aedes ... | 2005 | 15663775 |
| aedes aegypti transferrin. gene structure, expression pattern, and regulation. | mosquitoes and all other insects so far examined have an abundant haemolymph transferrin (tsf). the exact function of these proteins has not been determined, but they may be involved in iron transport, in oogenesis and in innate immune defence against parasites and pathogens. the tsf gene of aedes aegypti has been cloned and sequenced. it contains a single small intron, which contrasts it to vertebrate tsf genes that contain up to sixteen introns. the promoter region of the gene is rich in putat ... | 2005 | 15663777 |
| molecular cloning and transcriptional activation of lysozyme-encoding cdnas in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | lysozymes are enzymes characterized by their ability to break down bacterial cell walls. in insects certain lysozymes are only found in the midgut, whereas others are only found in the haemolymph and fat body after immune challenge. we identified two lysozyme-encoding cdnas from aedes aegypti. both deduced protein sequences are basic in nature, contain 148 amino acids including eight highly conserved cysteine residues, and their genomic sequences contain a single intron. transcriptional profiles ... | 2005 | 15663778 |
| ancestry and progeny of nutrient amino acid transporters. | the biosynthesis of structural and signaling molecules depends on intracellular concentrations of essential amino acids, which are maintained by a specific system of plasma membrane transporters. we identify a unique population of nutrient amino acid transporters (nats) within the sodium-neurotransmitter symporter family and have characterized a member of the nat subfamily from the larval midgut of the yellow fever vector mosquito, aedes aegypti (aeaat1, aar08269), which primarily supplies pheny ... | 2005 | 15665107 |
| infection and pathogenicity of the mosquito densoviruses aednv, hednv, and apednv in aedes aegypti mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | these studies compared three genetically distinct mosquito densoviruses aedes aegypti (aednv), hemagogus equinus (hednv), and aedes peruvian (apednv) densoviruses in a laboratory investigation to begin to evaluate their potential as mosquito control agents. a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for quantification of viral genomes and a standardized mosquito infection protocol were developed. mortality associated with exposure to aednv increased in a dose-dependent manner, with the ma ... | 2004 | 15666733 |
| pcr cloning of a histone h1 gene from anopheles stephensi mosquito cells: comparison of the protein sequence with histone h1-like, c-terminal extensions on mosquito ribosomal protein s6. | in aedes and anopheles mosquitoes, ribosomal protein rps6 has an unusual c-terminal extension that resembles histone h1 proteins. to explore homology between a mosquito h1 histone and the rps6 tail, we took advantage of the anopheles gambiae genome database to clone a histone h1 gene from an anopheles stephensi mosquito cell line. | 2005 | 15667661 |
| a comparison of seven traps used for collection of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti originating from a large tire repository in harris county (houston), texas. | among 7 traps tested, significantly higher (p < 0.01) mean numbers of aedes albopictus (269) and aedes aegypti (55) females were collected within the mosquito magnet liberty trap compared with the remaining traps. the second highest mean captures for both species were obtained from omnidirectional fay-prince (77 ae. albopictus) and dragonfly (13 ae. aegypti) traps, which were not significantly different (p > 0.01) from an experimental moving-target trap that produced mean captures of 40 ae. albo ... | 2004 | 15669373 |
| genetic structure of natural populations of aedes aegypti at the micro- and macrogeographic levels in brazil. | genetic variation in 13 populations of aedes aegypti from 3 regions of brazil was compared using variation at 10 isozyme loci. heterozygosities varied from 0.050 +/- 0.027 to 0.280 +/- 0.120, and a large genetic differentiation (f(st) = 0.144) was observed among all populations. the largest within-regions differences were found between populations from the urban areas of northeast brazil (f(st) = 0.152). ecological conditions are likely having an impact on the population structure of ae. aegypti ... | 2004 | 15669374 |
| subsoil drain sumps are a key container for aedes aegypti in cairns, australia. | the contribution of subterranean drain sumps to pupal and adult populations of aedes aegypti is reported for the 1st time in cairns, australia. pupal surveys were used to quantify the relative contribution of drain sumps to the total population of ae. aegypti by concurrent survey of sump and water-bearing containers in yards of inner-city premises. a total of 854 mosquito pupae were collected, predominantly ae. aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus (26.3 and 69.8%, respectively). drain sumps provid ... | 2004 | 15669376 |
| surveillance and behavioral investigations of aedes aegypti and aedes polynesiensis in moorea, french polynesia, using a sticky ovitrap. | the effectiveness of the sticky ovitrap was assessed for the container-breeding aedes aegypti and aedes polynesiensis in moorea, french polynesia. these mosquitoes are the primary vectors of dengue viruses and bancroftian filariasis, respectively, in the area. both ae. aegypti and ae. polynesiensis were collected in greatest numbers in sticky ovitraps baited with water or grass infusions rather than leaf infusions. sticky ovitrap collections were significantly higher for both species in the 12 h ... | 2004 | 15669377 |
| mosquito vector control and biology in latin america--a fourteenth symposium. abstracts. | the 14th annual latin american symposium presented by the american mosquito control association (amca) was held as part of the 70th annual meeting in savannah, ga, in february 2004. the principal objective, as for the previous 13 symposia, was to promote participation in the amca by vector control specialists, public health workers, and academicians from latin america. this publication includes summaries of 37 presentations that were given orally in spanish or presented as posters by participant ... | 2004 | 15669378 |
| the use of the copepod mesocyclops longisetus as a biological control agent for aedes aegypti in cali, colombia. | we present data on the efficacy of mesocyclops longisetus as a biocontrol agent in controlling aedes aegypti larvae in catch basins in cali, colombia. additionally, we determined some of the features that facilitated the establishment of the copepods in catch basins. between june 1999 and february 2000, 201 catch basins were treated with an average of 500 adult copepods. the copepods had established in 49.2% of all the basins and they maintained ae. aegypti larvae at low densities until the end ... | 2004 | 15669381 |
| effects of sublethal concentrations of vectobac on biological parameters of aedes aegypti. | the effect of sublethal concentrations (30% lethal concentration [lc30] = 0.41 ppm, lc50 = 1.04 ppm, and lc70 = 2.60 ppm) of vectobac 12 aqueous suspension (as, bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis h-14, 600 itu/mg) on life parameters of aedes aegypti and its f1 progeny (not exposed) was assessed in laboratory tests. based on the data, it was clear that concentrations of 0.41 ppm of vectobac significantly shortened the duration of the developmental cycle of the exposed mosquitoes, but not tha ... | 2004 | 15669383 |
| the use of household bleach to control aedes aegypti. | we evaluated the lethal effects of household bleach (5.25% sodium hypochlorite; naoci) on immature aedes aegypti in tap water, with and without food, and in field-collected automobile tires. a sublethal dose was employed as a disinfectant in tires to control immatures through the destruction of microorganisms that constitute the main food items of mosquito larvae. the concentration of bleach that was required to kill all immatures was higher in the presence of larval food and older immatures. le ... | 2004 | 15669389 |
| production of polymorphic sperm by anopheline mosquitoes and their fate within the female genital tract. | the males of two mosquito species within the anopheles gambiae complex, an. gambiae s.s. and an. quadriannulatus, as well as males of an. darlingi, produced sperm of significantly varying lengths, while a sperm polymorphism was absent in aedes aegypti and other anophelines not suspected of belonging to species complexes. the polymorphic distribution of these sperm lengths was not significantly different in smaller adult males that were reared on a low larval diet. the reproductive tract of the f ... | 2004 | 15670863 |
| aedes aegypti salivary gland extracts modulate anti-viral and th1/th2 cytokine responses to sindbis virus infection. | vector-borne viruses are naturally transmitted when a vector salivates during feeding on a vertebrate host. most laboratory studies of infection disregard the role that the vector plays in the pathogenesis of the virus. in this study, intradermal inoculations of aedes aegypti salivary gland extract (sge) and sindbis virus (sinv) were used to investigate the effect of mosquito feeding on the vertebrate immune response to infection with an arthropod-borne virus. murine cytokine expression in the s ... | 2004 | 15671753 |
| sensory representation of temperature in mosquito warm and cold cells. | a pair of antagonistic thermoreceptive cells is associated with each of two peg-in-pit sensilla located on the antennal tip of aedes aegypti. one, the warm cell, responds to rapid warming with a sudden increase in the rate of discharge. the other, a cold cell, responds to rapid cooling with a sudden increase in the discharge rate. when temperature changes are provided by oscillating changes in the convective heat contained in the stimulating air stream, the oscillating discharge rates of both ce ... | 2005 | 15673550 |
| maps of the sri lanka malaria situation preceding the tsunami and key aspects to be considered in the emergency phase and beyond. | following the tsunami, a detailed overview of the area specific transmission levels is essential in assessing the risk of malaria in sri lanka. recent information on vector insecticide resistance, parasite drug resistance, and insights into the national policy for malaria diagnosis and treatment are important in assisting national and international agencies in their control efforts. | 2005 | 15676073 |
| short communication: detection of dengue virus antigens in desiccated mosquitoes: an improved tool for surveillance. | we developed a surveillance tool to monitor dengue virus (denv) infection in vector mosquitoes using a dengue antigen-capture enzyme immunoassay (eia) on desiccated specimens stored at room temperature (rt). we tested the effect of storage on the stability of den1, den2, den3 and den4 antigens. although desiccated infected aedes aegypti mosquitoes stored between 31 and 34 degrees c (rt) showed greater reactivity in the eia than those stored at -80 degrees c, a significant difference between the ... | 2005 | 15679562 |
| laboratory and field trial of developing medicinal local thai plant products against four species of mosquito vectors. | oils of syzygium aromaticum (clove) and zanthoxylum limonella (makaen), widely used essential oils for dental caries or flavoring of food in thailand, were prepared as 10 experimental repellent products in gel or cream form against aedes aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus, and anopheles dirus under laboratory conditions, using the human-arm-in-cage method. two products that gave the longest-lasting complete protection were selected to examine their repellency against a variety of mosquito species u ... | 2004 | 15691131 |
| manduca sexta serpin-6 regulates immune serine proteinases pap-3 and hp8. cdna cloning, protein expression, inhibition kinetics, and function elucidation. | analogous to blood coagulation and complement activation in mammals, some insect defense responses (e.g. prophenoloxidase (propo) activation and toll pathway initiation) are mediated by serine proteinase cascades and regulated by serpins in hemolymph. we recently isolated manduca sexta serpin-6 from hemolymph of the bacteria-challenged larvae, which selectively inhibited propo-activating proteinase-3 (pap-3) (wang, y., and jiang, h. (2004) insect biochem. mol. biol. 34, 387-395). to further char ... | 2005 | 15691825 |
| tracking the re-emergence of epidemic chikungunya virus in indonesia. | twenty-four distinct outbreaks of probable chikungunya (chik) etiology were identified throughout indonesia from september 2001 to march 2003, after a near 20-year hiatus of epidemic chik activity in the country. thirteen outbreak reports were based on clinical observations alone, and 11 confirmed by serological/virological methods. detailed epidemiological profiles of two investigated outbreaks in bogor and bekasi are presented. human sera were screened using an elisa for igm and igg anti-chik ... | 2005 | 15693148 |
| analysis of na+, cl-, k+, h+ and nh4+ concentration gradients adjacent to the surface of anal papillae of the mosquito aedes aegypti: application of self-referencing ion-selective microelectrodes. | ion concentration gradients adjacent to the surface of the anal papillae of larvae of the mosquito aedes aegypti were measured using self-referencing ion-selective microelectrodes. the gradients were used to calculate estimates of ion fluxes into and out of the papillae. there was a net influx of na+, cl- and k+ from the bathing medium and a net efflux of acid and nh4+. no ca2+ gradients were detectable. na+ and cl- influx occurred against a concentration gradient suggesting active transport. al ... | 2005 | 15695753 |
| host range and specificity of an argentinean isolate of the aquatic fungus leptolegnia chapmanii (oomycetes: saprolegniales), a pathogen of mosquito larvae (diptera: culicidae). | an isolate from argentina of the fungal mosquito pathogen leptolegnia chapmanii (arsef 5499), was tested against 12 species of mosquito larvae and on species of non-target aquatic invertebrates and vertebrates. the mosquito species tested were aedes aegypti, anopheles sp., culex apicinus, cx. castroi, cx. dolosus, cx. pipiens, cx. renatoi, isostomyia paranensis, ochlerotatus albifasciatus, oc. crinifer, psorophora cyanescens, and p. ferox. mosquito larvae of 10 species were susceptible, with mor ... | 2004 | 15702269 |
| synergism between ammonia, lactic acid and carboxylic acids as kairomones in the host-seeking behaviour of the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (diptera: culicidae). | host odours play a major role in the orientation and host location of blood-feeding mosquitoes. anopheles gambiae giles sensu stricto, which is the most important malaria vector in africa, is a highly anthropophilic mosquito species, and the host-seeking behaviour of the females of this mosquito is guided by volatiles of human origin. ammonia, lactic acid and several carboxylic acids are known to be present in the human odour blend. we investigated the effect of these compounds on naive female m ... | 2005 | 15703334 |
| dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever, brazil, 1981-2002. | in the last 5 years, brazil has accounted for approximately 70% of reported dengue fever cases in the americas. we analyzed trends of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) from the early 1980s to 2002 by using surveillance data from the brazilian ministry of health. two distinct epidemiologic patterns for dengue were observed: localized epidemics (1986-1993), and endemic and epidemic virus circulation countrywide (1994-2002). currently, serotypes 1, 2, and 3 cocirculate in 22 of 27 states. d ... | 2005 | 15705322 |
| exotic mosquitoes in new zealand: a review of species intercepted, their pathways and ports of entry. | a review was carried out to identify the exotic mosquito species intercepted in new zealand to 2004, together with their origins, pathways and ports of entry into the country. a total of 171 interceptions have been recorded since 1929. there was little or no taxonomic information available for many, but at least 27 exotic species not yet established in new zealand have been intercepted, including important disease vectors such as aedes albopictus, aedes aegypti and culex annulirostris. of 152 in ... | 2004 | 15707185 |
| combination of mesocyclops thermocyclopoides and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis: a better approach for the control of aedes aegypti larvae in water containers. | the efficacy of a local thai-strain of the copepod, mesocyclops thermocyclopoides and the larvicide, bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti), used jointly and singly, was studied against aedes aegypti in water containers. in a laboratory test, copepods alone produced mortality of 98-100% in 1st instar larvae of ae. aegypti at copepod:larvae ratios ranging from 1:1 to 1:4. in an outdoor field simulated experiment that ran for 16 wk, after a single inoculation, the treatment of copepods and ... | 2004 | 15707281 |
| the relative attractiveness of carbon dioxide and octenol in cdc- and evs-type light traps for sampling the mosquitoes aedes aegypti (l.), aedes polynesiensis marks, and culex quinquefasciatus say in moorea, french polynesia. | two dominant day-biting pests and vector species on the island of moorea in french polynesia are aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) and aedes (stegomyia) polynesiensis marks, major vectors of dengue viruses and wuchereria bancrofti, respectively. their surveillance is hindered by a relative lack of attraction to light traps, necessitating the undesirable use of human bait collections with the inherent risks of pathogen transmission. the effectiveness of cdc- and evs-type light traps baited with olfa ... | 2004 | 15707289 |
| larval feeding behavior of three co-occurring species of container mosquitoes. | interspecific differences in foraging behavior may help to determine whether the outcome of interspecific competition is coexistence or exclusion. mosquitoes in the genus culex are commonly described as foraging primarily by filtering the water column. this behavior contrasts with that of other container-dwelling genera, such as aedes and ochlerotatus, that are thought to forage primarily by browsing on container and detritus surfaces. we compared the feeding behavior of cx. pipiens, ae. albopic ... | 0 | 15707290 |
| observations on the seasonal prevalence and vertical distribution patterns of oviposition by aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) in urban high-rise apartments in trinidad, west indies. | the seasonal prevalence and vertical distribution of oviposition of aedes aegypti were studied for 53 wk in 1999--2000 using modified ovitraps located at several elevations. the ovitraps were positioned both indoors and outdoors in high-rise apartments in the urban township of john john, port of spain, trinidad, west indies. of 988 ovitraps, 490 were collected during the months of the wet season, with 404 (84.4%) positive with 18,536 ae. aegypti eggs. of 498 ovitraps collected during the dry sea ... | 2004 | 15707291 |
| potential of crude seed extract of celery, apium graveolens l., against the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae). | crude seed extract of celery, apium graveolens, was investigated for anti-mosquito potential, including larvicidal, adulticidal, and repellent activities against aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue haemorrhagic fever. the ethanol-extracted a. graveolens possessed larvicidal activity against fourth instar larvae of ae. aegypti with ld50 and ld95 values of 81.0 and 176.8 mg/l, respectively. the abnormal movement observed in treated larvae indicated that the toxic effect of a. graveolens extract wa ... | 2004 | 15707293 |
| a study of the larvicidal and molluscicidal activities of some medicinal plants from northeast brazil. | in a search for natural products that could be used to control the vectors of tropical diseases, 23 extracts of medicinal plants from the northeast of brazil have been tested for molluscicidal activity against egg masses and adults of the snail biomphalaria glabrata, for larvicidal activity against the larvae of the mosquito aedes aegypti, and for general toxicity against the larvae of the brine shrimp artemia salina. of these extracts, two were active against the adult snail, one against snail ... | 2005 | 15707752 |
| new strategy against aedes aegypti in vietnam. | the container-breeding mosquito, aedes aegypti, is the major global vector of dengue viruses, causing around 50 million infections annually. we have developed a mosquito control strategy, incorporating four elements: (1) a combined vertical and horizontal approach that depends on community understanding; (2) prioritised control according to the larval productivity of major habitat types; (3) use of predacious copepods of the genus mesocyclops as a biological control agent; delivered by (4) commu ... | 2005 | 15708107 |
| larvicidal activity of lignans identified in phryma leptostachya var. asiatica roots against three mosquito species. | the insecticidal activity of phytochemicals isolated from the roots of phryma leptostachya var. asiatica against third instar larvae of culex pipiens pallens, aedes aegypti, and ocheratatos togoi was examined. the two constituents of p. leptostachya var. asiatica roots were identified as the leptostachyol acetate (i) and 8'-acetoxy-2,2',6-trimethoxy-3,4,4',5'-dimethylenedioxyphenyl-7,7'-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane (ii) by spectroscopic analysis. compound i was lethal to c. pipiens pallens, a. aegy ... | 2005 | 15713007 |
| insecticidal amides from fruits of piper nigrum linn. | the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions of dried ground seeds of piper nigrum linn. afforded sixteen compounds (1-16) including one new insecticidal amide, pipwaqarine (1) and six constituents (3,4,6,7,11,15) previously unreported from this plant. the structure of (1) has been elucidated through extensive 1d-, 2d-nmr spectral studies as, 1-[13-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2e,4e,12e-tridecatrienoyl]-n-isopentylamide, while those of known constituents through comparison of spectral data. 1 ... | 2005 | 15715258 |
| [effect of larvae density on adult size of aedes aegypti reared under laboratory condictions]. | to evaluate the influence of larval density in development of aedes aegypti mosquitoes we evaluated three different densities. it was observed that conditions of high larval density and shortage of food produced a reduction in the size of adults and increased mortality rate of aedes aegypti in laboratory conditions. | 2006 | 15717099 |
| identification, characterization and structure of a new delta class glutathione transferase isoenzyme. | the insect gst (glutathione transferase) supergene family encodes a varied group of proteins belonging to at least six individual classes. interest in insect gsts has focused on their role in conferring insecticide resistance. previously from the mosquito malaria vector anopheles dirus, two genes encoding five delta class gsts have been characterized for structural as well as enzyme activities. we have obtained a new delta class gst gene and isoenzyme from a. dirus, which we name adgstd5-5. the ... | 0 | 15717864 |
| simultaneous infection with dengue 2 and 3 viruses in a chinese patient return from sri lanka. | dengue is an acute viral disease transmitted by the aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquito, which are present in most tropical urban areas of the world. there are four antigenically distinct serotypes, designated dengue-1 (den-1), dengue-2 (den-2), dengue-3 (den-3) and dengue-4 (den-4). dengue outbreaks have occurred in several regions in asia, involving four serotypes of dengue 1, 2, 3 and 4. in review of the few cases of dual infection documented in the literature, we report here a case o ... | 2005 | 15722024 |
| rel1, a homologue of drosophila dorsal, regulates toll antifungal immune pathway in the female mosquito aedes aegypti. | signaling by drosophila toll pathway activates two rel/nf-kappab transcription factors, dorsal (dl) and dorsal-related immune factor (dif). dl plays a central role in the establishment of dorsoventral polarity during early embryogenesis, whereas dif mediates the toll receptor-dependent antifungal immune response in adult drosophila. the absence of a dif ortholog in mosquito genomes suggests that dl may play its functional role in the mosquito toll-mediated innate immune responses. we have cloned ... | 2005 | 15722339 |
| elimination of dengue by community programs using mesocyclops(copepoda) against aedes aegypti in central vietnam. | from september 2000 to june 2003, a community-based program for dengue control using local predacious copepods of the genus mesocyclops was conducted in three rural communes in the central vietnam provinces of quang nam, quang ngai, and khanh hoa. post-project, three subsequent entomologic surveys were conducted until march 2004. the number of households and residents in the communes were 5,913 and 27,167, respectively, and dengue notification rates for these communes from 1996 were as high as 2 ... | 2005 | 15728869 |
| persistence of vectobac wdg and metoprag s-2g against aedes aegypti larvae using a semi-field bioassay in rio de janeiro, brazil. | persistence of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (vectobac wdg) and methoprene (metoprag s-2g) was evaluated against aedes aegypti late third instar larvae of the rockefeller strain in a semi-field bioassay. tests were performed in rio de janeiro, using containers made of plastic, iron, concrete and asbestos, placed in a shaded area. the formulations used were 0.2 g of vectobac-wdg and 1 g of metoprag s-2g per 100 liters of water in house storage containers. vectobac wdg was tested twice, ... | 2005 | 15729468 |
| size heterogeneity in the 3' noncoding region of south american isolates of yellow fever virus. | the 3' noncoding region (3' ncr) of flaviviruses contains secondary and tertiary structures essential for virus replication. previous studies of yellow fever virus (yfv) and dengue virus have found that modifications to the 3' ncr are sometimes associated with attenuation in vertebrate and/or mosquito hosts. the 3' ncrs of 117 isolates of south american yfv have been examined, and major deletions and/or duplications of conserved rna structures have been identified in several wild-type isolates. ... | 2005 | 15731274 |
| do malaria ookinete surface proteins p25 and p28 mediate parasite entry into mosquito midgut epithelial cells? | p25 and p28 are related ookinete surface proteins highly conserved throughout the plasmodium genus that are under consideration as candidates for inclusion in transmission-blocking vaccines. previous research using transgenic rodent malaria parasites lacking p25 and p28 has demonstrated that these proteins have multiple partially redundant functions during parasite infection of the mosquito vector, including an undefined role in ookinete traversal of the mosquito midgut epithelium, and it has be ... | 2005 | 15733320 |
| larvicidal activity of tagetes patula essential oil against three mosquito species. | larvicidal activity of tagetes patula essential oil was tested against the fourth instar larvae of aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi, and culex quinquefaciatus. five different concentrations of essential oil were studied and the results were compared with that of synthetic insecticide, malathion. a. aegypti (lc(50) 13.57, lc(90) 37.91) was most susceptible followed by an. stephensi (lc(50) 12.08, lc(90) 57.62) and c. quinquefaciatus (lc(50) 22.33, lc(90) 71.89). | 2005 | 15734310 |
| from genome to "venome": molecular origin and evolution of the snake venom proteome inferred from phylogenetic analysis of toxin sequences and related body proteins. | this study analyzed the origin and evolution of snake venom proteome by means of phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences of the toxins and related nonvenom proteins. the snake toxins were shown to have arisen from recruitment events of genes from within the following protein families: acetylcholinesterase, adam (disintegrin/metalloproteinase), avit, complement c3, crotasin/beta defensin, cystatin, endothelin, factor v, factor x, kallikrein, kunitz-type proteinase inhibitor, lynx/slur, ... | 0 | 15741511 |
| dispersal of the dengue vector aedes aegypti within and between rural communities. | knowledge of mosquito dispersal is critical for vector-borne disease control and prevention strategies and for understanding population structure and pathogen dissemination. we determined aedes aegypti flight range and dispersal patterns from 21 mark-release-recapture experiments conducted over 11 years (1991-2002) in puerto rico and thailand. dispersal was compared by release location, sex, age, season, and village. for all experiments, the majority of mosquitoes were collected from their relea ... | 2005 | 15741559 |
| dengue fever: new paradigms for a changing epidemiology. | dengue is the most important arthropod-borne viral disease of public health significance. compared with nine reporting countries in the 1950s, today the geographic distribution includes more than 100 countries worldwide. many of these had not reported dengue for 20 or more years and several have no known history of the disease. the world health organization estimates that more than 2.5 billion people are at risk of dengue infection. first recognised in the 1950s, it has become a leading cause of ... | 2005 | 15743532 |
| a double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of garlic as a mosquito repellant: a preliminary study. | the hypothesis that the ingestion of garlic provides protection against bloodsucking pests such as mosquitoes was investigated using a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study. subjects were asked to consume either garlic (one visit) or a placebo (the other visit). they were then exposed to laboratory-reared aedes aegypti (linnaeus) (diptera: culicidae). the numbers of mosquitoes that did not feed on the subjects, the number of mosquito bites, the weights of the mosquitoes ... | 2005 | 15752181 |
| midgut epithelial responses of different mosquito-plasmodium combinations: the actin cone zipper repair mechanism in aedes aegypti. | in vivo responses of midgut epithelial cells to ookinete invasion of three different vector-parasite combinations, aedes aegypti-plasmodium gallinaceum, anopheles stephensi-plasmodium berghei, and a. stephensi-p. gallinaceum, were directly compared by using enzymatic markers and immunofluorescence stainings. our studies indicate that, in a. aegypti and a. stephensi ookinetes traverse the midgut via an intracellular route and inflict irreversible damage to the invaded cells. these two mosquito sp ... | 2005 | 15753303 |
| the anopheles gambiae detoxification chip: a highly specific microarray to study metabolic-based insecticide resistance in malaria vectors. | metabolic pathways play an important role in insecticide resistance, but the full spectra of the genes involved in resistance has not been established. we constructed a microarray containing unique fragments from 230 anopheles gambiae genes putatively involved in insecticide metabolism [cytochrome p450s (p450s), gsts, and carboxylesterases and redox genes, partners of the p450 oxidative metabolic complex, and various controls]. we used this detox chip to monitor the expression of the detoxifying ... | 2005 | 15753317 |
| biochemical mode of action and differential activity of new ecdysone agonists against mosquitoes and moths. | thq (1-aroyl-4-(arylamino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline) compounds were identified by fmc corporation in cell-based assays that used ecdysone receptors from drosophila melanogaster, heliothis virescens, or plodia interpunctata. thq compounds showed weak insecticidal activity against h. virescens and, therefore, were not developed further. several ecdysone agonists based on thq chemotype have been synthesized and tested for their activity against a number of ecrs in transactivation assays. the thq ... | 2005 | 15756700 |
| fever screening at airports and imported dengue. | airport fever screening in taiwan, july 2003-june 2004, identified 40 confirmed dengue cases. results obtained by capture immunoglobulin (ig) m and igg enzyme-linked immunoassay, real time 1-step polymerase chain reaction, and virus isolation showed that 33 (82.5%) of 40 patients were viremic. airport fever screening can thus quickly identify imported dengue cases. | 0 | 15757566 |
| a simplified high-throughput method for pyrethroid knock-down resistance (kdr) detection in anopheles gambiae. | a single base pair mutation in the sodium channel confers knock-down resistance to pyrethroids in many insect species. its occurrence in anopheles mosquitoes may have important implications for malaria vector control especially considering the current trend for large scale pyrethroid-treated bednet programmes. screening anopheles gambiae populations for the kdr mutation has become one of the mainstays of programmes that monitor the development of insecticide resistance. the screening is commonly ... | 2005 | 15766386 |
| phylogeography and population structure of aedes aegypti in arizona. | aedes aegypti, the mosquito responsible for transmitting dengue, has colonized many cities and towns throughout arizona. determining both the migration between, and the origin of, local ae. aegypti populations is important for vector control and disease prevention purposes. amplified fragment length polymorphism was used to infer geographic structure and local substructure, and effective migration rates (m, migrants per generation) between populations, and to determine genetic differentiation be ... | 2005 | 15772327 |
| quantitative trait loci that control dengue-2 virus dissemination in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | the mosquito aedes aegypti is the most important vector of yellow fever and dengue fever flaviviruses. ae. aegypti eradication campaigns have not been sustainable and there are no effective vaccines for dengue viruses. alternative control strategies may depend upon identification of mosquito genes that condition flavivirus susceptibility and may ultimately provide clues for interrupting transmission. quantitative trait loci affecting the ability of ae. aegypti to develop a dengue-2 infection in ... | 2005 | 15781707 |
| heterologous expression of the filarial nematode alt gene products reveals their potential to inhibit immune function. | parasites exploit sophisticated strategies to evade host immunity that require both adaptation of existing genes and evolution of new gene families. we have addressed this question by testing the immunological function of novel genes from helminth parasites, in which conventional transgenesis is not yet possible. we investigated two such novel genes from brugia malayi termed abundant larval transcript (alt), expression of which reaches ~5% of total transcript at the time parasites enter the huma ... | 2005 | 15788098 |
| target of rapamycin-dependent activation of s6 kinase is a central step in the transduction of nutritional signals during egg development in a mosquito. | female mosquitoes are effective disease vectors, because they take blood from vertebrate hosts to obtain nutrients for egg development. amino acid signaling via the target of rapamycin (tor) pathway has been identified as a key requirement for the activation of egg development after a blood meal. we report the characterization of the tor kinase and one of its major downstream targets, s6 kinase, of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti during egg development in adult females. both tor and s6k ... | 2005 | 15788394 |
| heat shock protein 90 and heat shock protein 70 are components of dengue virus receptor complex in human cells. | dengue virus requires the presence of an unidentified cellular receptor on the surface of the host cell. by using a recently published affinity chromatography approach, an 84-kda molecule, identified as heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, was isolated from neuroblastoma and u937 cells. based on the ability of hsp90 (84 kda) to interact with hsp70 (74 kda) on the surface of monocytes during lipopolysaccharide (lps) signali ... | 2005 | 15795242 |
| inhibition of dengue virus serotypes 1 to 4 in vero cell cultures with morpholino oligomers. | five dengue (den) virus-specific r5f2r4 peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (p4-pmos) were evaluated for their ability to inhibit replication of den virus serotype 2 (den-2 virus) in mammalian cell culture. initial growth curves of den-2 virus 16681 were obtained in vero cells incubated with 20 microm p4-pmo compounds. at 6 days after infection, a p4-pmo targeting the 3'-terminal nucleotides of the den-2 virus genome and a random-sequence p4-pmo showed relatively little su ... | 2005 | 15795296 |
| identification and molecular characterization of a prophenoloxidase involved in aedes aegypti chorion melanization. | chorion melanization is a vital biochemical event for the survival of mosquito eggs in the environment. this study describes the identification and molecular characterization of a prophenoloxidase (propo) involved in chorion melanization in aedes aegypti by various biochemical and molecular techniques. results revealed that transcription of the chorion propo occurs only in adults, blood feeding greatly stimulated its transcription and haemocytes are responsible for its transcription. our study p ... | 0 | 15796752 |
| structural requirements of the unique disulphide bond and the proline-rich motif within the alpha4-alpha5 loop for larvicidal activity of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4aa delta-endotoxin. | both the disulphide bond (cys192-cys199) and the proline-rich motif (pro193proasnpro196) in the long loop connecting the alpha4-alpha5 transmembrane hairpin of the cry4aa mosquito-larvicidal protein have been found to be unique among the bacillus thuringiensis cry delta-endotoxins. in this study, their structural requirements for larvicidal activity of the cry4aa toxin were investigated. c192a and c199a mutant toxins were initially generated and over-expressed in escherichia coli cells as 130-kd ... | 2005 | 15796913 |
| selection of d2s3, an aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) strain with high oral susceptibility to dengue 2 virus and d2meb, a strain with a midgut barrier to dengue 2 escape. | family-based phenotypic selection was used to breed two genetic strains of aedes aegypti l. that differ in susceptibility to infection with dengue serotype 2 virus (den-2) strain jam1409. a dengue 2 susceptible on 3 chromosomes (d2s3) strain was bred from ae. aegypti aegypti and ae. aegyptiformosus p1 parents to have a high midgut infection rate (mir) and a high disseminated infection rate (dir). a dengue 2 midgut escape barrier (d2meb) strain was bred from d2s3 and houston p1 parents to have a ... | 2005 | 15799518 |
| expression of genes encoding proteins involved in ecdysteroidogenesis in the female mosquito, aedes aegypti. | a blood meal induces the ovaries of female aedes aegypti mosquitoes to produce ecdysteroid hormones that regulate many processes required for egg maturation. various proteins involved in the intracellular transport and biosynthesis of ecdysteroid precursors have been identified by analysis of drosophila melanogaster mutants and by biochemical and molecular techniques in other insects. to begin examining these processes in mosquito ovaries, complete cdnas were cloned for putative orthologs of dia ... | 2005 | 15804580 |
| ammonia metabolism in aedes aegypti. | we investigated the mechanisms by which aedes aegypti mosquitoes are able to metabolize ammonia. when females were given access to solutions containing nh(4)cl or to a blood meal, hemolymph glutamine and proline concentrations increased markedly, indicating that ammonium/ammonia can be removed from the body through the synthesis of these two amino acids. the importance of glutamine synthetase was shown when an inhibitor of the enzyme was added to the meal causing the glutamine concentration in h ... | 2005 | 15804581 |
| passive prophylaxis with permethrin-treated tents reduces mosquito bites among north american summer campers. | over 2 million adolescents participate in summer-camp experiences, placing themselves at risk for mosquito-borne illness. insect repellent is recommended but often not used. it is unknown whether permethrin treatment of a location, such as a campsite, provides passive prophylaxis reducing mosquito bites among all persons in the immediate vicinity. | 0 | 15813141 |
| mathematical models for the aedes aegypti dispersal dynamics: travelling waves by wing and wind. | biological invasion is an important area of research in mathematical biology and more so if it concerns species which are vectors for diseases threatening the public health of large populations. that is certainly the case for aedes aegypti and the dengue epidemics in south america. without the prospect of an effective and cheap vaccine in the near future, any feasible public policy for controlling the dengue epidemics in tropical climates must necessarily include appropriate strategies for minim ... | 2005 | 15820740 |
| investigation of relationships between aedes aegypti egg, larvae, pupae, and adult density indices where their main breeding sites were located indoors. | aedes aegypti (l.) density indices obtained in a dengue fever (df) endemic area were compared. one hundred and twenty premises, in an urban area of colombia where dengue type-1 and type-2 virus cocirculated, were randomly selected and sampled for 7 months. the geometric mean monthly numbers (density index, di) of ae. aegypti eggs (odi), 4th instar larvae (ldi), pupae (pdi), and adults (adi) were calculated based on the use of ovitraps, nets, and manual aspirators, respectively. a negative tempor ... | 2005 | 15825756 |
| a new in vitro bioassay system for discovery of novel human-use mosquito repellents. | a klun & debboun (k&d) test module, previously developed and used for quantitative measurement of the efficacy of mosquito repellents on human volunteers, was adapted for in vitro evaluation of repellents by coupling the module with a membrane-blood reservoir. performance of deet, bayrepel, and ss-220 insect repellents in the new in vitro system was compared with their performance on humans against mosquitoes using our standard in vivo system. for each compound, in vitro dose-response assays wer ... | 2005 | 15825764 |
| integration of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 formulations and pyriproxyfen for the control of larvae of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. | studies were carried out on the bioefficacy and residual activity of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis h-14 (bti) (water-dispersible granules of vectobac abg 6511 and liquid formulations of vectobac 12as) and pyriproxyfen (insect growth regulator, sumilarv 0.5%) as direct applications for control of larvae of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. two dosages of each bti formulation (285 and 570 international toxic units [itu]/liter) and the integration of both bti formulations and pyriproxyfen we ... | 2005 | 15825767 |
| genetic structure of aedes aegypti populations in thailand using mitochondrial dna. | a hierarchical population genetic study was conducted among 19 aedes aegypti populations in thailand from chiang mai in the north to songkhla province in the south. single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis was used to examine variation in a 359-basepair region of the nadh dehydrogenase subunit 4 mitochondrial dna gene (nd4). seven haplotypes were detected in two lineages previously identified in nd4 haplotypes from north america. gene flow estimates and highly significant variation among ... | 2005 | 15827282 |
| reconsideration of histopathology and ultrastructural aspects of the human liver in yellow fever. | yellow fever is a re-emerging infectious disease that currently is at risk of urbanization due to the advance of the aedes aegypti vector. the disease affects about 200,000 individuals annually, mainly in tropical africa and south america. it causes severe disease involving especially the liver, with lesions characterized by midzonal steatosis, apoptosis and lytic necrosis of the hepatocytes. quantitative histological and immunohistochemical analysis of 53 human hepatic samples demonstrated apop ... | 2005 | 15829426 |
| eco-epidemiological analysis of dengue infection during an outbreak of dengue fever, india. | this study was designed to find out a relationship of dengue infection with climatic factors such as rainfall, temperature and relative humidity during the dengue fever epidemic in the year 2003. blood samples were collected from 1550 patients experiencing a febrile illness clinically consistent with dengue infection. serological confirmation of dengue infection was done using dengue duo igm and igg rapid strip test (pan bio, australia), which detected dengue-specific antibodies. monthly data of ... | 2005 | 15831102 |
| pilot anopheles gambiae full-length cdna study: sequencing and initial characterization of 35,575 clones. | we describe the preliminary analysis of over 35,000 clones from a full-length enriched cdna library from the malaria mosquito vector anopheles gambiae. the clones define nearly 3,700 genes, of which around 2,600 significantly improve current gene definitions. an additional 17% of the genes were not previously annotated, suggesting that an equal percentage may be missing from the current anopheles genome annotation. | 2005 | 15833126 |