Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| a tandem repeat of rat-derived pneumocystis carinii genes encoding the major surface glycoprotein. | a fragment from the genome of rat-derived pneumocystis carinii was found to contain two msg genes arranged as a direct repeat. the sequences from one gene (msg b), the region between the two genes, and part of the second gene (msg a) were determined. the two msg genes were not identical in sequence. the open reading frames of msg a and msg b encode non-identical proteins, both of which are similar to that encoded by a previously published cdna. the msg b gene sequence showed no evidence of intro ... | 1994 | 8049690 |
| [usefulness of polymerase chain reaction method in the early diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method in the detection of pneumocystis carinii, and compared its clinical usefulness with that of a previous method, toluidine blue-o (tbo) staining in diagnosis of p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) using clinical samples such as sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf). using p. carinii obtained from balf of the infected rats, we showed that pcr showed 100 fold more sensitivity than tbo staining as indicated by the ... | 1994 | 8051442 |
| [antiphospholipid antibodies in human immunodeficiency virus infection]. | the frequency, clinical significance and prognosis of the lupic anticoagulant and the anticardiolipin antibodies were analyzed in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus infection. | 1994 | 8051959 |
| [polycystic and cavernous course of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids]. | we observed a polycystic and cavitating presentation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as primary manifestation of aids in a patient with previously unknown hiv-infection. pneumocystis carinii was histologically proved by transbronchial biopsy but not by bronchoalveolar lavage. a nearly complete resolution of all pulmonary lesions could be achieved with cotrimoxazole. pneumocystis carinii must be considered in differential diagnosis of cystic and cavitating pulmonary disease in patients with unk ... | 1994 | 8052588 |
| hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy associated with granulomatous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids. | a case of hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (hpoa) in a hiv-infected patient with granulomatous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is described. this is the third case of hpoa associated with aids reported in the literature. granulomatous p. carinii pneumonia is an unusual manifestation of p. carinii infection. surgical treatment of this condition may lead to the dramatic spread of p. carinii causing a fulminant course with fatal outcome. | 1993 | 8052819 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with concurrent cryptococcosis or toxoplasmosis in patients with aids. | 1994 | 8054420 | |
| toxoplasma gondii infection in marrow transplant recipients: a 20 year experience. | twelve of 3803 consecutive marrow allograft patients treated at this center over the past 20 years have had a post-transplant tissue diagnosis of toxoplasmosis: 10 at autopsy and 2 by brain biopsy. this infection was identified in none of 509 autologous marrow recipients. occurrence of toxoplasmosis was 0.31 cases per 100 allogeneic transplants and 1.0 per 100 autopsies. an estimated 15% of allogeneic transplant recipients were seropositive for toxoplasma gondii and 2% of seropositive patients d ... | 1994 | 8054907 |
| plasma pentamidine concentrations vary between individuals with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the drug is actively secreted by the kidney. | the multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of pentamidine were studied in six aids patients with acute pneumocystis carinii pneumonia given infusions of pentamidine isethionate 3.7-4 mg/kg/day i.v. plasma and urine concentrations of pentamidine of repeated samples taken on days 1, 4 and 7 of treatment were assayed by hplc. creatinine clearance clcr was also determined. on day 7, the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (auc) varied fourfold (3263 to 12776 nmol.h/l) between individuals. ... | 1994 | 8056699 |
| [risk of nosocomial pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients non-infected by human immunodeficiency viruses]. | we report four cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seronegative patients. two of them had been hospitalized for polymyositis treatment near aids patients, respectively 1 and 4 months before pcp. the two others suffered from localized cancer. their evolution was complicated by respiratory distress and death in two of them. a telephone survey among 19 hospital units yielded nine cases of similar patients. they were only observed in wards caring for a ... | 1994 | 8059128 |
| laboratory diagnosis and occurrence of pneumocystis carinii. | pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic pathogen causing life threatening pneumonia (pcp) in immunosuppressed patients and particularly among aids patients. whether the infection results from reactivation or reinfection is debated. since methods for in vitro cultivation still are not successful, the diagnosis is dependent on direct demonstration of the organism in respiratory specimen. in this thesis laboratory diagnostic methods in terms of staining, sampling, antibody detection and dna amplif ... | 1994 | 8059227 |
| the aids epidemic among scandinavian women: 1980-1990. | to describe trends and patterns in the aids epidemic among scandinavian women with aids. | 1994 | 8060549 |
| the changing spectrum of aids index diseases in canada. | to describe the changing spectrum of aids index diseases in canada over a 10-year period from 1981 to 1991. | 1994 | 8060550 |
| the role of bronchoscopy in patients with hiv disease. | pulmonary involvement is a frequent feature of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is still the commonest aids defining diagnosis despite the advent of effective prophylaxis and antiretroviral treatment. other pulmonary manifestations of aids, including tuberculosis, may pose a greater problem in the future. the clinical manifestations of hiv-disease are many and varied, and changing as the disease is modified by therapeutic interve ... | 1994 | 8061087 |
| simultaneous determination of primaquine and carboxyprimaquine in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. | a selective and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method with electrochemical detection is described for the simultaneous quantitation of primaquine and carboxyprimaquine, its primary metabolite, in plasma. after addition of internal standard, plasma was deproteinized by addition of acetonitrile. nitrogen-dried supernatants, resuspended in mobile phase were analyzed on a c8 reversed-phase column. limits of detection for primaquine and carboxyprimaquine were 2 and 5 ng/ml with qua ... | 1994 | 8061837 |
| pulmonary deposition of aerosolised pentamidine using a new nebuliser: efficiency measurements in vitro and in vivo. | the therapeutic efficacy of nebulised pentamidine in the prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) depends on the absolute pulmonary deposition of the drug. we studied the performance of a new nebuliser (pentasave) by comparison both in vitro and in vivo with a standard nebuliser (respirgard ii). in vitro, deposition of pentamidine labelled with technetium-99m human serum albumin was measured indirectly by capturing inhaled particles on an absolute filter and measuring radioactivity wi ... | 1994 | 8062844 |
| a molecular model of the folate binding site of pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase. | the inhibition of pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) continues to be the major treatment strategy for p. carinii pneumonia (pcp). the design of new anti-pneumocystis agents would be significantly enhanced by the availability of a 3d model of the methotrexate (mtx) binding site of the p. carinii dhfr. however, an x-ray crystal structure of the p. carinii dhfr is not yet available. alignment of the amino acid sequences of p. carinii and lactobacillus casei dhfrs indicates that the ... | 1994 | 8064329 |
| ultrastructural demonstration of a pore in the cyst wall of pneumocystis carinii. | the proposed life cycle of the opportunistic organism pneumocystis carinii (pc) includes the formation of a thick-walled cyst containing haploid progeny. the progeny cells mature within the cyst and are somehow released, leaving a collapsed empty cyst behind. pneumocystis carinii cysts containing 8 intracystic bodies (icb) as well as empty collapsed cysts have been commonly observed. in this study a single pore in the cyst walls of pc was observed by transmission electron microscopy in infected ... | 1994 | 8064534 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients examined by bronchoscopy during the period 1989-1991]. | we analyzed prospectively collected data from 211 hiv-infected patients who underwent bronchoscopy because of pulmonary symptoms during the period 1989-1991. we found an improvement in survival for patients diagnosed with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in 1991 as compared to 1989 and 1990 (log rank test: p = 0.07). a significant decline in po2 and cd4 cell count was observed in patients with pcp in the same period (p < 0.05 and 0.005 respectively). we suggest that the decline in cd4 cell c ... | 1994 | 8066923 |
| levels of dapsone and pyrimethamine in serum during once-weekly dosing for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmic encephalitis. | concentrations of dapsone, monoacetyldapsone, and pyrimethamine were determined in 36 serum samples from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients on prophylaxis with once-weekly administration of dapsone-pyrimethamine (200 mg of dapsone-75 mg of pyrimethamine). during day 1 after ingestion, median levels of 1,038 ng of dapsone per ml and 356 ng of pyrimethamine per ml were found. during days 6 to 7, the dapsone level fell to < 20 ng/ml in five of nine serum samples, but the pyrimethamine l ... | 1994 | 8067765 |
| iron chelators as therapeutic agents against pneumocystis carinii. | iron plays a critical role in host-parasite interactions, and iron chelators have been demonstrated to serve as effective adjunct therapeutic agents against malaria. the effects of the parenteral iron chelator deferoxamine (dfo) on the growth of rat-derived pneumocystis carinii were studied in a human fibroblast cell culture model and in two in vivo models of experimental infection. in addition, the effects of the investigational oral iron chelator cp20 and its 3-hydroxypyridin-4-one analogs cp5 ... | 1994 | 8067783 |
| prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children with cancer. | 1994 | 8068112 | |
| pneumocandin d0, a new antifungal agent and potent inhibitor of pneumocystis carinii. | pneumocandin d0 (9), a new member of the echinocandin class of antifungal agents, has been isolated as a minor constituent from fermentation broths of the filamentous fungi zalerion arboricola (atcc 20957). the structure of 9 has been determined mainly on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with published data for similar compounds. to date, pneumocandin d0 has been found to be the most potent inhibitor of pneumocystis carinii development in vivo within the natural-occurring ec ... | 1994 | 8071120 |
| limitations of and indications for the use of co-trimoxazole. | co-trimoxazole is still widely used for indications where trimethoprim alone is equally effective. microbiological and pharmacokinetic considerations reveal that trimethoprim alone provides adequate anti-microbial activity for treatment of conditions for which co-trimoxazole is often given. synergy may be shown in vitro, but in clinical practice is an unusual occurrence. there is no evidence from clinical studies that the sulphonamide moiety fo co-trimoxazole prevents the development of resistan ... | 1994 | 8071675 |
| [heart and aids]. | although pulmonary and central nervous symptoms prevail before death, autopsy often reveals marked myocardial alterations in aids patients. this discrepancy prompted us to systematically study cardiac alterations in 100 sequential autopsies of patients who died of aids. we appraised the results in relation to changes noted in other organ systems, and compared our data with the aids-associated cardiac alterations described in the literature. cardiac lesions were present in more than 50% of our pa ... | 1994 | 8073231 |
| [sputum examination in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients]. | to assess the sensitivity and negative predictive value of sputum examination for pneumocystis carinii in hiv-positive patients, follow-ups were performed in hiv-infected patients who had been investigated for the presence of pneumocystis carinii (376 examinations of sputum and 71 bronchoalveolar lavages). pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was diagnosed 65 times in 64 patients (57 male and 7 female, median age 35 [23-67]years). in 52% of the cases (n = 34) the pathogen was identified in the sputum, ... | 1994 | 8076502 |
| experimental evaluation of combined prophylaxis against murine pneumocystosis and toxoplasmosis. | prophylactic efficacy of antimicrobial agents against pneumocystosis and toxoplasmosis was examined in a model of concurrent pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii infections in rats. corticosteroid-treated rats naturally infected by p. carinii were challenged with the rh strain of t. gondii. infection was assessed by counting p. carinii cysts in lung and by titration of t. gondii in tissues by tissue culture. untreated rats died after challenge, with p. carinii infection in lungs and t. gon ... | 1994 | 8077724 |
| appropriate and inappropriate prescribing of narcotics for ambulatory hiv-positive patients. | to assess the appropriateness of narcotic-prescribing practices in an ambulatory clinic for patients infected with hiv. | 1994 | 8077993 |
| sequence-selective binding to dna of cis- and trans- butamidine analogues of the anti-pneumocystis carinii pneumonia drug pentamidine. | footprinting experiments using both dnase i and methidium propyl-edta.fe(ii) have been used to investigate the sequence selectivity in binding to dna of pentamidine and four butamidine analogues active against the pneumocystis carinii pathogen, which afflicts patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. in common with pentamidine, the butamidine drugs, which contain cis- or trans-1,4-but-2-ene linkers and either bis(amidine) or bis(imidazolidine) terminal groups, bind selectively to dna seq ... | 1994 | 8078493 |
| crossover of placebo patients to intravenous immunoglobulin confirms efficacy for prophylaxis of bacterial infections and reduction of hospitalizations in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. the national institute of child health and human development intravenous immunoglobulin clinical trial study group. | after completion of a placebo-controlled trial of intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) infection prophylaxis, patients were offered open label ivig and optional participation in a follow-up study. the purpose of the follow-up study was to evaluate the ivig effect in original placebo recipients and longevity of ivig benefit in original ivig recipients. of 212 human immunodeficiency virus-infected children on study at trial closure, 148 (67 of 98 (68%) placebo and 81 of 114 (71%) ivig patients) recei ... | 1994 | 8078734 |
| evolving trends revealed by autopsies of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 565 autopsies in adults with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, los angeles, calif, 1982-1993 [corrected]. | to determine changes in causes of death, survival, and organ system distribution of major opportunistic infections and neoplasms in adults dying with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) following the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy and prophylaxis for opportunistic infections since 1988. | 1994 | 8080357 |
| soluble cd8 and cd25 in serum of patients after heart transplantation. | to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum cytokine levels and cytokine receptor levels in the diagnosis of acute rejection after heart transplantation, we measured soluble cd8 and soluble cd25 in the serum of heart transplant recipients. the results were compared with endomyocardial biopsy (emb) histopathology, lymphocyte activation by morphologic inspection of peripheral blood cells (cytoimmunologic monitoring), clinically manifested infections, and the maintenance immunosuppressive therapy. si ... | 1994 | 8082307 |
| transthoracic needle aspiration in the study of pulmonary infections in patients with hiv. | to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transthoracic aspiration with an ultrathin needle in the microbiologic diagnosis of pulmonary infections in hiv-infected patients. | 1994 | 8082342 |
| [a case of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody (agbma) nephritis associated with myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (mpo-anca)]. | a 68-year-old patient visited our hospital, because of progressive renal failure. laboratory data were serum creatinine 13.3 mg/dl, bun 74.3 mg/dl, agbma 134u, mpo-anca 37% and cic 1.6 g/dl. hemodialysis was performed on admission and renal biopsy was conducted. though the histological findings showed fibrocellular crescents and global sclerosis in many glomeruli, renal function was gradually ameliorated by administration of prednisolone (40 mg/day) and cyclophosphamide (50 mg/day). after 3 week ... | 1994 | 8084079 |
| [polymerase chain reaction assay for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus pneumonia]. | we evaluated the utility of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method in detecting pneumocystis carinii (pc) and cytomegalovirus (cmv) in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) specimens from patients suspected of having opportunistic infection of the lung. we evaluated bal samples obtained from 41 immunosuppressed patients who had signs and symptoms of acute lower respiratory tract infection. in addition, we studied 16 immunocompetent patients. pc-dna was detected in 19 cases and cmv-dna was detected in ... | 1994 | 8084099 |
| [lupus erythematosus disseminatus and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | we report a 49 years old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus and a who type iv nephropathy, treated with prednisone 1 mg/kg/day po and cyclophosphamide 1 g/month iv. after two months in this treatment schedule, she presented with an acute pneumonia; broncoalveolar lavage and lung biopsy disclosed the presence of pneumocystis carinii. she was treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 960 mg tid with a favorable response. opportunistic infections are frequent in lupus erythematosus and pneumo ... | 1993 | 8085067 |
| [pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii in immunodepressed patients: clinical picture, treatment, and prognosis]. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is frequent in patients with cellular immunity impairments, specially those with aids. we communicate our experience in 20 patients (15 with aids) with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia confirmed by the finding of trophozoites or cysts. clinical manifestations were cough in 75% of cases, dyspnea in 70% and fever in 65%. eighty five percent of cases had diffuse reticular and nodular radiological densities. nineteen patients had an increased alveolar-arterial o2 gradien ... | 1994 | 8085078 |
| isolation of pneumocystis carinii gp120 by fibronectin affinity: evidence for manganese dependence. | pneumocystis carinii is a major opportunistic lung pathogen and a leading cause of death among patients with the human immunodeficiency virus. adherence of p. carinii to type i alveolar epithelial cells is essential for growth and replication and has been shown to be mediated in part by fibronectin (fn). to better understand the mechanisms underlying this attachment, p. carinii-fn interaction was characterized with respect to divalent and monovalent ion concentration and ph using an 125i-fn bind ... | 1994 | 8086164 |
| once-a-month administration of intravenous pentamidine to patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus as prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we reviewed the charts of 52 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) who received at least three consecutive doses of intravenous pentamidine as prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii infections. pentamidine isethionate was administered intravenously over 60-90 minutes once a month, at a dosage of 4 mg/kg, in 250 ml of 5% dextrose in water. during 387 months of administration of primary prophylaxis to 37 patients, no cases of p. carinii pneumonia were observed. during 200 months ... | 1994 | 8086550 |
| clindamycin and primaquine therapy for mild-to-moderate episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids: aids clinical trials group 044. | the objective of this prospective, noncomparative study was to assess the safety and efficacy of clindamycin and primaquine therapy for mild-to-moderate pneumocystis pneumonia (defined as a difference of < 40 mm hg between the alveolar and the arterial oxygen determinations) in patients with aids. in the first part of the study, 22 patients were treated with iv clindamycin (900 mg every 8 hours) for the first 10 days, and then their therapy was switched to oral clindamycin (450 mg every 6 hours) ... | 1994 | 8086551 |
| bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in a patient with aids. | a 35-year-old homosexual man who had a remote history of cocaine abuse presented to the hospital with fever, chills, drenching night sweats, and progressive dyspnea of 3 months' duration. his condition had been diagnosed as aids 1 1/2 years before presentation. multiple blood cultures and serological tests failed to yield an infective etiology. bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsy, both performed twice, also failed to reveal an etiology. empirical treatment for infection with the mycobacteriu ... | 1994 | 8086553 |
| structure, expression and phylogenetic analysis of the gene encoding actin i in pneumocystis carinii. | actin is a major component of the cytoskeleton and one of the most abundant proteins found in eukaryotic cells. comparative sequence analysis shows that this essential gene has been highly conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution making it useful for phylogenetic analysis. complete cdna clones for the actin-encoding gene were isolated and characterized from pneumocystis carinii purified from immunosuppressed rat lungs. the nucleotide sequence encodes a protein of 376 amino acids. the predicted ... | 1994 | 8088520 |
| the spectrum of pathological changes in the lung in children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: an autopsy study of 36 cases. | we present the pulmonary findings in 36 autopsies of children affected by the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). twenty-three patients were male and 13 were female, ranging in age between 3 days and 13 years. twenty children had human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive parents or parents who were at high risk of exposure (intravenous drug abusers and prostitutes), five had a history of transfusion, and one had a history of renal transplantation and blood transfusion. clinically, the p ... | 1994 | 8088762 |
| granulomatous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: dna amplification studies on bronchoscopic alveolar lavage samples. | three hiv positive subjects presented with symptoms and radiographic changes suggestive of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. methenamine silver staining of bronchoscopic alveolar lavage (bal) fluid was negative (from one sample in one patient and two samples in the other two patients). open lung biopsy was performed because of uncertain clinical progress and diagnosis; all three patients were found to have multiple pulmonary granulomata encasing numerous p carinii organisms. dna amplification, usi ... | 1994 | 8089227 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection in the hiv-seropositive patient. | in this article, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in persons with aids is described with regard to its epidemiology, pathogenesis, presentation, treatment, and prophylaxis. the changing epidemiologic patterns of pcp from 1981 to 1993 are diagrammed. atypical and classical presentations of pre-aids, including extrapulmonary pneumocystis, are discussed. diagnostic strategies are outlined, giving algorithms for the most efficient means of diagnosing pcp. various intravenous and oral treatment o ... | 1994 | 8089464 |
| [pulmonary nocardiosis concurrent with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a case of smoldering adult t-cell leukemia]. | a 76-year-old man, with concomitant pulmonary nocardiosis and pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia, is described. he suffered from smoldering type adult t-cell leukemia and strongyloidiasis. chest x-rays showed bilateral infiltrative shadows. nocardia asteroides was isolated from sputum and bronchofiberscopic aspirates. pc was not detected, however, despite the chest x-ray raising the suspicion of pc pneumonia. since pc antigen was detected by immunoelectrophoresis in the absence of other clinica ... | 1994 | 8089947 |
| [nasal pressure support ventilation (npsv) in a case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in single-lung transplantation]. | in patients who underwent lung transplantation one of the primary determinants of patient survival is infection. contributing factors in the development of pneumonia include immunosuppression and alterations in the natural lung defense mechanism induced by transplantation. we describe a case of a pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurring in the recipient of single lung transplantation for interstitial lung disease four months after surgery. the patient developed severe acute respiratory failure ( ... | 1994 | 8090305 |
| aerosolized l-693,989 for pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis in rats. | water-soluble pneumocandin l-693,989, a potent antipneumocystis agent in the rat model for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), inhibits p. carinii cyst development and effectively prevents the development of pcp when used as a prophylactic agent (d. m. schmatz, m. a. powles, d. c. mcfadden, l. pittarelli, j. balkovec, m. hammond, r. zambias, p. liberator, and j. anderson, antimicrob. agents chemother. 36:1964-1970, 1992). however, because of limited oral bioavailability, this compound would li ... | 1994 | 8092844 |
| corticosteroids improve survival of children with aids and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to determine if corticosteroids administered in addition to antimicrobials improve survival in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1993 | 8093422 |
| idiopathic cd4+ t-lymphocytopenia--four patients with opportunistic infections and no evidence of hiv infection. | we describe four patients without major risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, each of whom presented with severe opportunistic infections and was found to have idiopathic cd4+ t-lymphocytopenia. we performed assays to detect the presence of retroviruses and undertook immunophenotyping of subgroups of peripheral-blood lymphocytes. | 1993 | 8093636 |
| host defenses against pneumocystis carinii in mice selectively depleted of cd4+ lymphocytes. | 1993 | 8094045 | |
| decreased efficacy of inhaled pentamidine in the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among hiv-infected patients with severe immunodeficiency. | to determine the relationship between the degree of immune deficiency and the risk of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) among hiv-infected patients receiving inhaled pentamidine prophylaxis. | 1993 | 8094333 |
| recommendations for prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1993 | 8095654 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating selective cd4 t cell depletion induced by corticosteroid therapy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. | 1993 | 8095869 | |
| trends in the incidence of outcomes defining acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the multicenter aids cohort study: 1985-1991. | incidence of clinical outcomes defining acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) may be expected to change as a consequence of progressive immunosuppression and use of chemoprophylaxis before the onset of aids. using poisson regression methods, we examined trends in the incidence of initial and secondary aids-defining illnesses from 1985 to 1991 among 2,627 homosexual men participating in the multicenter aids cohort study who were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1. the incide ... | 1993 | 8096356 |
| primary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1993 | 8097561 | |
| nucleoside analogs in treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | the nucleoside analogs fludarabine monophosphate, 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine, and 2-deoxycoformycin (pentostatin) all have activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. the most widely studied drug is fludarabine which is able to obtain complete or partial responses in more than 50% of previously treated patients. the response rate is 44% for 2-cda and approximately 25% for pentostatin. fludarabine has also been used to treat patients as initial therapy, and has resulted in overall response rate of 79% ... | 1993 | 8097653 |
| aerosolized pentamidine for primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a controlled, randomized trial. | the objective was to assess the efficacy of a biweekly dose of 60 mg aerosolized pentamidine (ap) for primary prophylaxis (pp) of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and the impact of prophylaxis on survival in hiv-infected patients. participants were aids patients with no history of pcp, patients with a cd4 count < or = 0.200 x 10(9)/l, or patients belonging to the cdc group ivc2, irrespective of cd4 count. it was an open, randomized, controlled trial. patients were assigned to receive ap, 60 ... | 1993 | 8097788 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after transsphenoidal removal of microadenoma causing cushing's syndrome. | 1993 | 8098477 | |
| prognostic factors of early fatal outcome and long-term survival in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | fifty-five episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in aids patients were evaluated to assess clinical and laboratory risk factors predicting the probability of surviving the acute episode of pcp and the long-term survival after pcp. age > 45 yrs, pao2 < 50 mmhg, aapo2 > 50 mmhg, and ldh > 800 iu/l correlated strongly with early mortality; patients who needed mechanical ventilation had a significantly lower pao2 and serum albumin, and higher aapo2 and ldh compared to the patients who did ... | 1993 | 8100199 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during primary hiv-1 infection. | 3 patients with severe cd4 lymphocytopenia (62-91 cells/microl) and inverted cd4/cd8 ratios (0.13-0.15) developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during symptomatic, primary hiv-1 infection. within four months of symptom onset, their cd4 counts and cd4/cd8 ratios returned to normal. twenty-nine to forty-eight months after acquiring hiv-1 infection, they show no signs or symptoms of progression to aids. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia can occur, therefore, in primary hiv-1 infection, and profound c ... | 1993 | 8100292 |
| effect of routine use of therapy in slowing the clinical course of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in a population-based cohort. | clinical trials have shown that the prophylactic use of zidovudine and aerosolized pentamidine (or other antibiotics used as prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia) in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-free human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons delays the development of aids, but the effectiveness of such therapy in general use in the population still remains largely undocumented. to help answer this question, the authors estimate the effectiveness of this thera ... | 1993 | 8100682 |
| amount of pneumocystis carinii and degree of acute lung inflammation in hiv-associated p carinii pneumonia. | correlations between semiquantitative amounts of pneumocystis carinii (pc), the degree of inflammation, and the severity of pneumonia were analyzed in 58 patients with pc pneumonia (pcp). material from both transbronchial biopsies (tbbs; n = 39) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf; n = 57) was examined. in the tbb the amount of pc correlated strongly with overall inflammation in the interstitium (kendall correlation coefficient [kcc] = 0.59; p < 0.0001), type 2 pneumocyte proliferation, and e ... | 1993 | 8100757 |
| myopathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection: report of a case. | neuromuscular manifestations, including a variety of peripheral neuropathies and myopathies, can occur either as isolated clinical phenomena or concurrently with other clinical manifestations, and are common in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). a 33-year-old male patient had a four-year history of increasing proximal muscle weakness of the extremities. elevated muscle enzymes, a muscle biopsy and interstitial lung disease all suggested a diagnosis of polymyositis with lung involvement. ... | 1993 | 8101753 |
| a decline in the pulmonary diffusing capacity does not indicate opportunistic lung disease in asymptomatic persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. pulmonary complications of hiv infection study group. | we enrolled 1,353 subjects in a multicenter study to evaluate the spectrum of pulmonary complications associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and the feasibility of detecting pulmonary infections in asymptomatic members of this group. there were 1,171 who were hiv-seropositive; the remaining 182 were hiv-seronegative, but they belonged to high-risk transmission groups (homosexual/bisexual, or injection drug users). single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (dlco) was ... | 1993 | 8102043 |
| cholestatic hepatitis in children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | a distinct clinical syndrome of cholestasis and hepatitis occurred during early infancy in seven infants with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection. in five infants hepatitis was the first manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection. the median age of onset of hepatitis was 7 months (range, 5 to 10 months). the mean total bilirubin concentration at presentation was 7.4 mg/dl (range, 3.9 to 11 mg/dl), the mean aspartate aminotransferase was 1512 iu/liter (ran ... | 1993 | 8102198 |
| case report: increase in cd4 lymphocyte counts after splenectomy in hiv-infected patients. | the records were reviewed of five human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1-infected patients who underwent splenectomy, four for hiv-associated thrombocytopenia and one for gastric compression secondary to splenomegaly. after splenectomy, the four adult patients all had marked, sustained increases in their absolute cd4 lymphocyte counts; greater increases were observed in cd8 lymphocyte counts, accounting for decreases in the cd4:cd8 ratios. in patients 5 (one of triplets, all of whom were infe ... | 1993 | 8103284 |
| combined therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children--a 4-year experience. | from 1988 to 1991 the long-term efficacy of a combined therapy with a polyvalent immunoglobulin/cytomegalovirus (cmv) hyperimmunoglobulin, oral low dose zidovudine, oral cotrimoxazole or inhaled pentamidine was investigated in three groups of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children. group 1a consisted of three perinatally infected children with a cd4 cell decrease of > 400 cells/microliters per year. group 1b were 17 perinatally infected children with a cd4 cell decrease of < 400 ce ... | 1993 | 8104791 |
| primary prophylaxis with pyrimethamine for toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease: results of a randomized trial. terry beirn community programs for clinical research on aids. | pyrimethamine, 25 mg thrice weekly, was evaluated as primary prophylaxis for toxoplasmic encephalitis (te) in a double-blind, randomized clinical trial in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease, absolute cd4 lymphocyte count of < 200/microl (or prior aids-defining opportunistic infection), and the presence of serum igg to toxoplasma gondii. leucovorin was coadministered only for hematologic toxicity. there was a significantly higher death rate among patients receiving pyrimetha ... | 1994 | 8106772 |
| interaction of pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase with sulfonamides and diaminodiphenyl sulfone (dapsone). | dihydropteroate synthase is the target enzyme for the sulfonamide compounds, which are the mainstay of therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, a common infection in patients with impaired immunity. the stability of this enzyme, its kinetic constants with respect to substrates, and the 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) of several sulfonamides and the sulfone dapsone have been characterized using both cell-free and intact organism assay systems. stability of the enzyme is dependent on storag ... | 1994 | 8106784 |
| factors influencing survival after aids: report from the multicenter aids cohort study (macs). | the objective of this study was to determine if clinical signs, symptoms, laboratory variables, and use of therapeutic or prophylactic agents have prognostic associations with survival after diagnosis of clinical aids. a total of 2,168 homosexual men, seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) participated in a longitudinal cohort study of the greater metropolitan areas of baltimore, maryland, washington, d.c., chicago, illinois, pittsburgh, pennsylvania, and los angeles, calif ... | 1994 | 8106968 |
| australia's first case of aids? pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and hiv in 1981. | to present the earliest australian case of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) reported to date. | 1994 | 8107624 |
| racial differences in the use of drug therapy for hiv disease in an urban community. | guidelines for drug therapy in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease are based primarily on the stage of the disease. to determine whether sociodemographic characteristics of patients influence drug therapy in practice, we analyzed the use of antiretroviral therapy and prophylactic therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in an urban population infected with hiv. | 1994 | 8107743 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with low dose methotrexate treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. | since 1983 there have been several reports on pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), complicating low dose methotrexate (mtx) therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (ra). two additional cases of this opportunistic infection are reported and a review of the literature on the complication is presented. it is concluded that pcp is a serious complication of low dose mtx therapy for ra and should always be ruled out when a patient presents with pulmonary symptoms. several factors may play a role in the occu ... | 1994 | 8108669 |
| primary care management of the liver transplant patient. | the patient referred for liver transplantation typically has complications from a progressive, irreversible liver injury. less traditional complications of end-stage liver disease, such as bone disease and some hepatobiliary malignancies, may also prompt referral. however, there are contraindications to liver transplantation, such as metastatic malignancy and persistent substance abuse. each patient should be referred as early as possible. the evaluation process includes a complete physical exam ... | 1994 | 8109582 |
| a group-i self-splicing intron in the nuclear small subunit rrna-encoding gene of the green alga, chlorella ellipsoidea c-87. | we report the presence of a 442-bp group-i self-splicing intron in the nuclear small subunit (ssu) rrna-encoding gene (rdna) of the unicellular green alga, chlorella ellipsoidea c-87 (c. saccharophila 211-1a). the intron was found to be inserted at a position within the highly conserved helix 48 that was close to the 3' terminus of the ssu rrna. the position was exactly the same as previously identified for the pneumocystis carinii intron. a secondary structure model for the c. ellipsoidea intro ... | 1994 | 8112590 |
| aerosolized pentamidine for the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children with cancer intolerant or allergic to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. | trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) is the drug of choice for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients. in children with malignancy, tmp/smx is well tolerated, but adverse reactions that necessitate discontinuation can occur. we evaluated the safety and efficacy of aerosolized pentamidine (ap) as an alternative prophylaxis modality in children with malignancy who are intolerant of or allergic to tmp/smx. | 1994 | 8113834 |
| renal infection due to absidia corymbifera in an aids patient. | a case of renal zygomycosis due to absidia corymbifera in an heroin addict suffering from aids (phase iv c2) is described. diagnosis was by histopathology after nephrectomy, but a. corymbifera was isolated several times from urine and from the exudate from a fistula in the surgical wound. after amphotericin b treatment (1.5 g overall dose) clinical cure and negative cultures were obtained. no relapses were observed until death 1 year later from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1993 | 8114804 |
| [fiber optics bronchoscopy yield and predictive clinical, analytical, and radiologic factors in the etiologic diagnosis of pulmonary pathology in patients with hiv infection]. | the aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of fibrobronchoscopy (fbs) in the pulmonary pathology of hiv-positive patients, in order to study the effect of several factors on such performance and to evaluate if these factors could guide the etiologic diagnosis. a retrospective study of 49 fbs with bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) was performed in 44 hiv-positive patients. the diagnostic performance of fbs with bal was 71.4%, with no significant modifications caused by previous pro ... | 1993 | 8117867 |
| [lymphocyte subpopulations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in aids]. | lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (bal) were examined in 29 patients with aids (26 men, three women; median age 32 [16-55] years). patients in group 1 (n = 12) had no lung disease, in group 2 (n = 11) had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, in group 3 (n = 6) had other lung disease. there were 13 men and two women (median age 48 [21-80]) in the control group (bronchoscoped for mild pulmonary symptoms: no abnormal findings in the bal). compared with the co ... | 1994 | 8119108 |
| miliary tuberculosis in pregnancy. | although miliary tuberculosis is uncommon in pregnancy, it is difficult to diagnose when present and is often associated with a maternal history of intravenous drug abuse, malignancy, alcoholism, or human immunodeficiency virus infection. this article reports two antepartum cases of miliary tuberculosis without any of these risk factors. bronchial washings for pneumocystis carinii and hiv screening were negative for both patients. acid-fast bacilli stains of the bronchial washing and ascitic flu ... | 1993 | 8120929 |
| intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies of erythrocyte origin within hepatocytes in a hepatic allograft. | intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies with an unusual immunohistochemical profile, histologically similar to alpha 1 antitrypsin globules and megamitochondria, were seen within hepatocytes in a liver allograft biopsy. electron microscopy revealed that these structures were erythrocytes in various stages of degradation. their appearance following an episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia suggests a possible relationship between bouts of hypoxia and erythrocyte entry into hepatocytes. | 1993 | 8122325 |
| probable pentamidine-induced acute pancreatitis. | to report a case of probable pentamidine-induced acute pancreatitis. | 1994 | 8123961 |
| unsuspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and vertically acquired hiv infection in infants requiring intensive care. | when an infant develops acute respiratory failure of sufficient severity to necessitate supportive mechanical ventilation a cause should always be sought. a chest radiograph showing predominantly interstitial lung disease and an infant's failure to respond to standard antibiotic treatment are indications for non-bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage. if p carinii pneumonia is diagnosed a congenital immunodeficiency should be sought and the parents counselled about hiv infection. earlier investiga ... | 1994 | 8124183 |
| inhibition of in vitro splicing of a group i intron of pneumocystis carinii. | unlike its mammalian hosts, the opportunistic fungal pathogen pneumocystis carinii harbors group i self-splicing introns in its chromosomal genes encoding rrna. this difference between pathogen and host suggests that intron splicing is a promising target for chemotherapy. we have found that intron splicing in vitro is inhibited by the anti-pneumocystis agent pentamidine and by a series of pentamidine analogues, as well as by some aminoglycosides, tetracycline, l-arginine and ethidium bromide. fu ... | 1994 | 8124264 |
| evidence for the presence of "metabolic sterols" in pneumocystis: identification and initial characterization of pneumocystis carinii sterols. | mixed life cycle stages of rat-derived pneumocystis carinii were isolated from host lungs and their sterols were compared with those present in lungs from normal and immunosuppressed uninfected rats. gas-liquid chromatography consistently detected, resolved, and quantified 9, 10, and 20 sterol components in the total nonsaponifiable neutral lipid fraction of lungs from normal rats, lungs from immunosuppressed uninfected rats, and p. carinii preparations, respectively. in all samples, cholesterol ... | 1994 | 8124270 |
| severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia produces a hyperdynamic profile similar to bacterial pneumonia with sepsis. | to investigate the effects of pneumocystis carinii on the cardiovascular system. to compare the hemodynamic data from patients with p. carinii pneumonia with those data from patients with bacterial pneumonia with sepsis. | 1994 | 8124974 |
| use of induced sputum specimens for microbiologic diagnosis of infections due to organisms other than pneumocystis carinii. | the optimal diagnostic approach to pneumonia provides a rapid microbiologic identification of pulmonary pathogens by the least invasive means. the technique of sputum induction has been useful in the evaluation of patients with pneumocystis carinii or mycobacterial pneumonia. it is not known whether induced sputum samples are preferable for the detection of pathogens other than p. carinii or mycobacteria. microbiologic yields were evaluated from identically processed induced and conventional spu ... | 1994 | 8126167 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in thoroughbred foals: identification of a genetically distinct organism by dna amplification. | genetically distinct forms of pneumocystis carinii infect several mammalian hosts. we report the amplification of p. carinii dna from samples of two infected thoroughbred foal lungs by using primers designed from the sequence of a p. carinii mitochondrial rrna gene; these primers also prime the amplification of p. carinii dna from other hosts. the nucleotide sequence of part of the mitochondrial rrna gene amplified from p. carinii infecting one of the foals was determined and found to be distinc ... | 1994 | 8126183 |
| the cloning and characterization of the arom gene of pneumocystis carinii. | the arom gene, encoding a single polypeptide that catalyses five consecutive steps of the pre-chorismate aromatic amino acid biosynthetic pathway, has been cloned from the opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis carinii. there is a single open reading frame of 4788 bp which includes an intron of 45 bp that does not introduce a stop codon into the sequence. thus, the derived amino acid sequence consists of 1581 residues, which is highly homologous to all fungal arom proteins studied to date. these da ... | 1993 | 8126418 |
| simplified exercise test for the initial differential diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv antibody positive patients. | this study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of a simplified exercise test in the differential diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1994 | 8128398 |
| diagnosis of interstitial lung disease by a percutaneous lung biopsy sample. | a percutaneous lung biopsy sample was used to diagnose interstitial lung disease in nine children aged less than 42 months. fibrosing alveolitis was diagnosed in eight children and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in one child. complications associated with the procedure were minimal and the results of the biopsy sample enabled each child to be treated appropriately. | 1994 | 8129440 |
| the option of intensive care for the patient with aids (a literature review). | the utilisation of intensive care facilities in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) related disease has been traditionally questioned on the basis of early results of poor prognosis for patients with aids admitted to intensive care units (icus). however, recent reviewers have pointed out a significant improvement in in-hospital survival rates for aids patients admitted to icu. improved prognosis may be related to improved drug therapies in response to pneumocystis carinii ... | 1993 | 8130625 |
| localized in situ amplification (lisa): a novel approach to in situ pcr. | amplification of specific gene target sequences has become a routine molecular procedure in a variety of laboratories. when coupled with either a direct or indirect method of detecting amplified product, in situ amplification offers an extremely powerful investigative tool. we describe a protocol for a localized in situ amplification (lisa) reaction that includes tissue-culture cloning rings and allows for the amplification of gene target sequences in specific regions of paraffin-embedded tissue ... | 1994 | 8131271 |
| pneumothorax complicating bipap therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1993 | 8131507 | |
| diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. how invasive? | 1994 | 8131517 | |
| sputum induction compared with bronchoalveolar lavage by ballard catheter to diagnose pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | specimens from sputum induction (si) are often of insufficient volume or have poor diagnostic yield for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). the ballard catheter for bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) is a disposable bal device which is passed transnasally into the airway and wedged by sensation. thirty consecutive episodes (21 inpatient and 9 outpatient) in 28 patients positive for hiv (15 with aids) were studied with si and bal at a tertiary-care university hospital. six sis yielde ... | 1994 | 8131546 |
| treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection and its associated complications in children. | providing care to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach. this review will address the current status of supportive care, treatment of hiv-associated complications and specific antiretroviral therapy. hiv affects multiple locations in the body resulting in a myriad of possible complications. these include opportunistic infections and malignancies secondary to immunodeficiency and central nervous system or other specific organ-rel ... | 1994 | 8132847 |
| serum p24 antigen level as an intermediate end point in clinical trials of zidovudine in people infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. aids clinical trials group virology laboratories. | serum p24 antigen levels were examined in subjects from three clinical trials of zidovudine to determine whether the pattern of change in serum p24 antigen during the first 8-16 weeks of therapy was associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) disease progression or death. among 406 patients with aids and a first episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 65% had measurable pretreatment concentrations of serum p24 antigen (> or = 10 pg/ml). changes during treatment were not associ ... | 1994 | 8133085 |
| granulomatous response to pneumocystis carinii in patients infected with hiv. | pneumocystis carinii is the most frequent manifestation of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. typical histologic findings include foamy, acellular eosinophilic intra-alveolar exudate in which the cysts of the organisms are readily demonstrated with silver stains. granuloma formation is rare. only nine such cases have been described in the english literature. we reviewed 400 transbronchial biopsies done in patients suspected of having pneumocystis pneumonia at our institution between the pe ... | 1993 | 8134716 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in vertically acquired hiv infection in the british isles. | in order to review the clinical course, laboratory findings, and outcome of children with vertically acquired hiv infection and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, questionnaires were sent to paediatricians in the british isles who had reported p carinii pneumonia and hiv infection through the british paediatric surveillance unit (bpsu). paediatric reports from the bpsu are linked to reports of pregnancies in hiv positive women and laboratory reports. p carinii pneumonia was the most frequently repo ... | 1994 | 8135571 |