Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of clavulanic acid against acinetobacter baumannii. | clavulanic acid (cla) exhibits low mics against some acinetobacter baumannii strains. the present study evaluates the efficacy of cla in a murine model of a. baumannii pneumonia. for this purpose, two clinical strains, ab11 and ab51, were used; cla mics for these strains were 2 and 4 mg/liter, respectively, and the imipenem (ipm) mic was 0.5 mg/liter for both. a pneumonia model in c57bl/6 mice was used. the cla dosage (13 mg/kg of body weight given intraperitoneally) was chosen to reach a maximu ... | 2009 | 19635957 |
| molecular characterization of capnocytophaga canimorsus and other canine capnocytophaga spp. and assessment by pcr of their frequencies in dogs. | capnocytophaga canimorsus can be a virulent pathogen, whereas c. cynodegmi is of low virulence. heterogeneity within these species, their frequency in dogs, and pathogenicity factors are largely unknown. strains from blood cultures from patients presumptively identified as c. canimorsus (n = 25) and as c. cynodegmi by rrs analysis (n = 4), blood cultures from dogs (n = 8), blood cultures from cats (n = 2), and cultures from swabs from dog mouths (n = 53) were analyzed. pcr-restriction fragment l ... | 2009 | 19641058 |
| rapid real-time pcr assays for detection of klebsiella pneumoniae with the rmpa or maga genes associated with the hypermucoviscosity phenotype: screening of nonhuman primates. | the relationship of mucoviscosity-associated (maga) and/or regulator of mucoid phenotype (rmpa) genes to the klebsiella pneumoniae hypermucoviscosity (hmv) phenotype has been reported. we previously demonstrated that rmpa+ k. pneumoniae can cause serious disease in african green monkeys and isolated rmpa+ and maga+ hmv k. pneumoniae from other species of non-human primates. to rapidly screen african green monkeys/non-human primates for these infections, we developed three real-time pcr assays. t ... | 2009 | 19644019 |
| use of moraxella catarrhalis lipooligosaccharide mutants to identify specific oligosaccharide epitopes recognized by human serum antibodies. | moraxella catarrhalis is a causative agent of otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). this strict human pathogen continues to be a significant cause of disease in this broad spectrum of patients because there is no available vaccine. although numerous putative vaccine antigens have been described, little is known about the human immune response to m. catarrhalis infection in vivo. human serum antibodie ... | 2009 | 19651870 |
| colonization and infection of the respiratory tract: what do we know? | 2004 | 19654976 | |
| bacterial tracheitis in children: approach to diagnosis and treatment. | bacterial tracheitis is due to a secondary bacterial infection of the trachea, resulting in the formation of mucopurulent exudates that may acutely obstruct the upper airway, resulting in a life-threatening condition. bacterial tracheitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any child with acute upper airway obstruction. this diagnosis should also be considered in any child with viral croup that is nonresponsive to conventional therapy. the only definitive way to diagnose bacter ... | 2004 | 19654977 |
| rapid identification of bacterial pathogens using a pcr- and microarray-based assay. | during the course of a bacterial infection, the rapid identification of the causative agent(s) is necessary for the determination of effective treatment options. we have developed a method based on a modified broad-range pcr and an oligonucleotide microarray for the simultaneous detection and identification of 12 bacterial pathogens at the species level. the broad-range pcr primer mixture was designed using conserved regions of the bacterial topoisomerase genes gyrb and pare. the primer design a ... | 2009 | 19664269 |
| hag mediates adherence of moraxella catarrhalis to ciliated human airway cells. | moraxella catarrhalis is a human pathogen causing otitis media in infants and respiratory infections in adults, particularly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. the surface protein hag (also designated mid) has previously been shown to be a key adherence factor for several epithelial cell lines relevant to pathogenesis by m. catarrhalis, including ncih292 lung cells, middle ear cells, and a549 type ii pneumocytes. in this study, we demonstrate that hag mediates adherence to air- ... | 2009 | 19667048 |
| bacterial resistance in the new millennium. its impact on antibiotic selection for respiratory tract infections. | the targets of antibiotic intervention in respiratory tract infections continue to change. for example, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of beta-lactams for streptococcus pneumoniae have increased up to 100-fold in recent years. because the mechanism of resistance in this respiratory tract pathogen is an alteration in penicillin-binding proteins, the higher the mic of penicillin, the higher the mics of all beta-lactams. macrolide resistance in s pneumoniae is highly prevalent in many ... | 2000 | 19667544 |
| acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. guidelines for antibiotic selection. | an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (aecb) is frequently caused by viral infection. because of the impairment of mucociliary clearance, secondary bacterial infection is likely to ensue. haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, and moraxella catarrhalis account for about 50% of all episodes of aecb. the best approach to antibiotic selection for bacterial exacerbations is stratification by exacerbation type, patient type, or antibiotic type. | 2000 | 19667546 |
| rhinosinusitis. an overview of current management measures in acute and chronic infection. | rhinosinusitis is a common inflammatory bacterial infection of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. viral infection is often the inciting event. the ensuing inflammation obstructs the narrow ostiomeatal complex, causing facial pain and pressure, nasal obstruction, congestion, postnasal drainage, and mucopurulence. the exacerbation of symptoms after 5 to 7 days or their persistence for more than 10 days indicates acute rhinosinusitis. acute infection lasts less than 4 weeks and resolves comple ... | 2000 | 19667547 |
| treating acute otitis media post-pcv-7: judicious antibiotic therapy. | acute otitis media (aom) is treated with antibiotics in the united states, but the changing distribution of bacterial pathogens that cause the disorder can present physicians with several challenges. most physicians treat aom empirically, and their treatment choice should target streptococcus pneumonia, nontypeable haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis, as those bacteria are most often isolated in aom. first-line treatment for new onset aom remains amoxicillin (80-90 mg/kg/d, divided ... | 2005 | 19667702 |
| review of moxifloxacin hydrochloride ophthalmic solution in the treatment of bacterial eye infections. | moxifloxacin hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 0.5% (vigamox((r))) is the ocular formulation/adaptation of moxifloxacin. moxifloxacin is a broad spectrum 8-methoxyfluoroquinolone which terminates bacterial growth by binding to dna gyrase (topoisomerase ii) and topoisomerase iv, essential bacterial enzymes involved in the replication, translation, repair and recombination of deoxyribonucleic acid. affinity for both enzymes improves potency and reduces the probability of selecting resistant bacter ... | 2008 | 19668391 |
| clinical development of 1% azithromycin in durasite, a topical azalide anti-infective for ocular surface therapy. | conjunctivitis, or inflammation of the conjunctiva, refers to a diverse group of ocular surface diseases of viral or bacterial origin that primarily affect the conjunctiva. in developed countries, the most common causative bacterial pathogens are staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, and streptococcus pneumoniae. most varieties of conjunctivitis are self-limiting; however, some cases can be extremely contagious or cause serious complications if left unchecked. new ocular antibiotics are ... | 2007 | 19668461 |
| commentary. on the epidemiology of influenza: reply to radonovich et al. | on the epidemiology of influenza: reply to radonovich lj, martinello ra, hodgson m, milton dk, nardell ea. influenza and ultraviolet germicidal irradiation. virol j. 2008, 5:149. | 2009 | 19671177 |
| [antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance of recent isolates from otorhinolaryngological infections to garenoxacin and other antimicrobial drugs]. | the antimicrobial susceptibility of 339 isolates from the otorhinolaryngological infections at the otorhinolaryngological departments at 27 universities in japan, as well as their 108 affiliated hospitals and practitioners during january 2007 to june 2007 was determined to garenoxacin (grnx), levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, azithromycin, cefditoren, and cefcapene applicable for otorhinolaryngological infections. the in vitro activities of these drugs against the isolates were compared. the quinolone ... | 2009 | 19673349 |
| [drug susceptibility of bacteria isolated from pediatric respiratory infections at general practitioners' clinics to pediatric antibiotics]. | four major causative bacteria (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pyogenes) of pediatric respiratory infections, 295 clinical isolates in total, were isolated at general practitioners' clinics in sendai city, and evaluated the drug susceptibility to seven antibiotics for pediatric. penicillin-resistant s. pneumoniae and penicillin-intermediate s. pneumoniae (prsp-pisp) were 55.8% of all s. pneumoniae isolates. the mic90 of penicillin and cephal ... | 2009 | 19673351 |
| [clinical efficacy, safety and pk-pd analysis of tebipenem pivoxil in a phase ii clinical trial in otolaryngological infections]. | we conducted a double-blind intergroup comparative study investigating the efficacy, safety and pk-pd analysis of the new oral carbapenem antibacterial drug tebipenem pivoxil (tbpm-pi) for the treatment of otolaryngological infections in adults to establish the recommended clinical dosage. the primary endpoint was the clinical effect of a 7-day oral administration of tbpm-pi to subjects with confirmed cases of infection by any of the 5 major bacterial species causative for otolaryngological infe ... | 2009 | 19673357 |
| streptococcus pneumoniae dna load in blood as a marker of infection in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. | direct detection of streptococcus pneumoniae dna in blood adds to culture results in the etiological diagnosis of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap). quantification of the amount of dna, the bacterial dna load (bdl), provides a measurement of dnaemia that may increase the understanding of the clinical relevance of s. pneumoniae dna in blood. we evaluated the s. pneumoniae bdl as a diagnostic tool in adult patients with cap. the bdl was determined in whole-blood samples collected si ... | 2009 | 19675218 |
| antibacterial activities of a fosfomycin/tobramycin combination: a novel inhaled antibiotic for bronchiectasis. | to compare the in vitro and in vivo activities of a 4:1 (w/w) fosfomycin/tobramycin combination (fti) with those of fosfomycin and tobramycin alone against cystic fibrosis (cf) and non-cf bronchiectasis pathogens. | 2009 | 19679597 |
| determinants of moraxella catarrhalis colonization in healthy dutch children during the first 14 months of life. | moraxella catarrhalis is an established bacterial pathogen, previously thought to be an innocent commensal of the respiratory tract of children and adults. the objective of this study was to identify significant risk factors associated with m. catarrhalis colonization in the first year of life in healthy dutch children. this study investigated a target cohort group of 1079 children forming part of the generation r study, a population-based prospective cohort study following children from fetal l ... | 2010 | 19681950 |
| microbiology of the middle ear fluid in costa rican children between 2002 and 2007. | because the microbiology and susceptibility patterns of middle ear fluid pathogens in children with otitis media change over time, an active surveillance is recommended to establish appropriate therapeutic guidelines. | 2009 | 19683349 |
| gemifloxacin use in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. | the newest generation of fluoroquinolones have proven efficacy against bacterial organisms associated with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (aecb). gemifloxacin, as one of the quinolones in this class, exhibits many of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the class with a few notable differences. against streptococccus pneumoniae it has a lower minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) than the other respiratory fluoroquinolones and it has activity against both bacteri ... | 2009 | 19684863 |
| uspa1 of moraxella catarrhalis clinical isolates in japan and its relationship with adherence to hep-2 cells. | the surface protein, uspa1, of moraxella catarrhalis is involved in adherence to human epithelial cells. we examined the expression of uspa1, and adherence to hep-2 cells of clinical isolates. the uspa1 gene was detected in 204 of 208 isolates. the 4 uspa1-negative isolates belonged to the 16s rrna type ii with an a to g substitution at nucleotide 445 of 16s rrna. in 13 isolates of the 16s rrna type ii, transcription of uspa1 was decreased or absent. a relationship between the extent of uspa1 tr ... | 2009 | 19697520 |
| epitope mapping immunodominant regions of the pila protein of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) to facilitate the design of two novel chimeric vaccine candidates. | we designed and tested three pila-derived vaccine candidates in a chinchilla model of ascending nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi)-induced otitis media (om). delivery of antiserum directed against each immunogen conferred varying degrees of protection. presentation of a b-cell epitope derived from the omp p5 adhesin at the n-terminus of recombinant soluble pila protein (as opposed to the c-terminus), resulted in a protective chimeric immunogen that combined epitopes from two distinct nthi ... | 2009 | 19699813 |
| synthesis of n-substituted 5-iodouracils as antimicrobial and anticancer agents. | this study reports the synthesis of some substituted 5-iodouracils and their bioactivities. alkylation of 5-iodouracils gave predominately n1-substituted-(r)-5-iodouracil compounds 7a-d (r = n-c(4)h(9), s-c(4)h(9), ch(2)c(6)h(11), ch(2)c(6)h(5)) together with n1,n3-disubstituted (r) analogs 8a-b (r = n-c(4)h(9), ch(2)c(6)h(11)). their antimicrobial activity was tested against 27 strains of microorganisms using the agar dilution method. the analogs 7a, 7c and 7d displayed 25-50% inhibition agains ... | 2009 | 19701123 |
| encephalitis lethargica and the influenza virus. ii. the influenza pandemic of 1918/19 and encephalitis lethargica: epidemiology and symptoms. | this is the first of two papers which critically examine the relationship between the 1918/19 influenza pandemic and encephalitis lethargica (el). the role of influenza in the etiology of el was vigorously debated until 1924. it is notable, however, that the unitarian camp were largely reactive in their argumentation; while the influenza skeptics provided detail descriptions of el and the features they argued to be unique or at least unusual, influenza supporters focused on sequentially refuting ... | 2009 | 19707848 |
| the evaluation of putative endogenous control housekeeping genes for real-time polymerase chain reaction expression studies in moraxella catarrhalis. | comparisons of endogenous control genes in real-time polymerase chain reaction gene expression studies involving moraxella catarrhalis are rare. this study shows that a combination of the iron sequestering gene copb and 16s rrna genes would be useful for lineage 1 (16s rrna type 1) isolates, but not lineage 2 (16s rrna types 2 and 3) isolates. | 2009 | 19717264 |
| single-residue changes in the c-terminal disulfide-bonded loop of the pseudomonas aeruginosa type iv pilin influence pilus assembly and twitching motility. | pila, the major pilin subunit of pseudomonas aeruginosa type iv pili (t4p), is a principal structural component. pila has a conserved c-terminal disulfide-bonded loop (dsl) that has been implicated as the pilus adhesinotope. structural studies have suggested that dsl is involved in intersubunit interactions within the pilus fiber. pila mutants with single-residue substitutions, insertions, or deletions in the dsl were tested for pilin stability, pilus assembly, and t4p function. mutation of eith ... | 2009 | 19717595 |
| opa+ and opa- isolates of neisseria meningitidis and neisseria gonorrhoeae induce sustained proliferative responses in human cd4+ t cells. | t cells may interact with a number of bacterial surface antigens, an encounter which has the potential to downmodulate host immune responses. neisseria meningitidis, a human colonizer and an agent of septicemia and meningitis, expresses opa proteins which interact with the ceacam1 receptor expressed on activated t cells. since ceacam1 can act as an inhibitory receptor and t cells in subepithelial tissues may encounter whole bacteria, which often express opa proteins in vivo, this study assessed ... | 2009 | 19720754 |
| molecular aspects of moraxella catarrhalis pathogenesis. | in recent years, moraxella catarrhalis has established its position as an important human mucosal pathogen, no longer being regarded as just a commensal bacterium. further, current research in the field has led to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in m. catarrhalis pathogenesis, including mechanisms associated with cellular adherence, target cell invasion, modulation of the host's immune response, and metabolism. additionally, in order to be successful in the host, m. c ... | 2009 | 19721084 |
| fulminant pertussis: a multi-center study with new insights into the clinico-pathological mechanisms. | pertussis carries a high risk of mortality in very young infants. the mechanism of refractory cardio-respiratory failure is complex and not clearly delineated. we aimed to examine the clinico-pathological features and suggest how they may be related to outcome, by multi-center review of clinical records and post-mortem findings of 10 patients with fulminant pertussis (fp). all cases were less than 8 weeks of age, and required ventilation for worsening respiratory symptoms and inotropic support f ... | 2009 | 19725100 |
| outer membrane porin m35 of moraxella catarrhalis mediates susceptibility to aminopenicillins. | the outer membrane protein m35 is a conserved porin of type 1 strains of the respiratory pathogen moraxella catarrhalis. it was previously shown that m35 is involved in the uptake of essential nutrients required for bacterial growth and for nasal colonization in mice. the aim of this study was (i) to characterize the potential roles of m35 in the host-pathogen interactions considering the known multifunctionality of porins and (ii) to characterize the degree of conservation in the phylogenetic o ... | 2009 | 19732412 |
| management of bacterial infections in children with asthma. | respiratory viruses are the single most common causes of asthma exacerbations in children. rhinovirus-induced wheezing is a risk factor for chronic asthma, but its mechanism has remained unknown. human bocavirus is a common finding in wheezing children, but its role as a respiratory pathogen is still unclear. mycoplasma pneumoniae may, like viruses, induce wheezing and asthma exacerbation. chlamydia pneumoniae and, in recent studies, chlamydia trachomatis, may not only induce asthma exacerbation ... | 2009 | 19735226 |
| elastase- and lps-exposed mice display altered responses to rhinovirus infection. | viral infection is associated with approximately one-half of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), which in turn, accelerate disease progression. in this study, we infected mice exposed to a combination of elastase and lps, a constituent of cigarette smoke and a risk factor for development of copd, with rhinovirus serotype 1b, and examined animals for viral persistence, airway resistance, lung volume, and cytokine responses. mice exposed to elastase and lps once a ... | 2009 | 19748999 |
| ceftobiprole, a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). | 2008 | 19750059 | |
| [the viriato study: update of antimicrobial susceptibility data of bacterial pathogens from community-acquired respiratory tract infections in portugal in 2001 and 2002]. | the viriato study is a nationwide, prospective, multicenter surveillance study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens commonly associated with community-acquired respiratory tract infections in portugal. in years 2001 and 2002, 31 laboratories participated in the study with a total of 2,600 strains, with testing undertaken in a central laboratory. of the 486 streptococcus pyogenes strains isolated from patients with acute tonsillitis all were susceptible to penicillin and oth ... | 2003 | 19771688 |
| bacteriology of external ocular infections in aba, south eastern nigeria. | bacteria are microbial agents that frequently cause infections of the eye and possible loss of vision. | 2009 | 19780761 |
| identification of a bacteriocin and its cognate immunity factor expressed by moraxella catarrhalis. | bacteriocins are antimicrobial proteins and peptides ribosomally synthesized by some bacteria which can effect both intraspecies and interspecies killing. | 2009 | 19781080 |
| protection against nontypeable haemophilus influenzae challenges by mucosal vaccination with a detoxified lipooligosaccharide conjugate in two chinchilla models. | otitis media (om) can occur following outset of upper respiratory tract infections. inhibition of bacterial colonization in nasopharynx (np) by mucosal vaccination may prevent om by reducing bacterial invasion of the middle ears (mes). in this study, 80 chinchillas were intranasally (i.n.) immunized with a detoxified lipooligosaccharide (dlos)-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) mixed with cholera toxin (ct) or ct alone. all vaccinated animals responded ... | 2010 | 19782149 |
| protection against nontypeable haemophilus influenzae challenges by mucosal vaccination with a detoxified lipooligosaccharide conjugate in two chinchilla models. | otitis media (om) can occur following outset of upper respiratory tract infections. inhibition of bacterial colonization in nasopharynx (np) by mucosal vaccination may prevent om by reducing bacterial invasion of the middle ears (mes). in this study, 80 chinchillas were intranasally (i.n.) immunized with a detoxified lipooligosaccharide (dlos)-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) mixed with cholera toxin (ct) or ct alone. all vaccinated animals responded ... | 2010 | 19782149 |
| iga and differentiation-associated transcription factors in chronic otitis media with effusion. | inadequate antibody responses to pathogens may lead to the recurrence of otitis media with effusion (ome). although b-cell production by antibodies is controlled by transcription factors, the status of these factors has not been assessed in patients with ome. | 2009 | 19784405 |
| characterization of proteins msp22 and msp75 as vaccine antigens of moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is a respiratory tract pathogen causing otitis media in children and respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. this study examined two newly identified proteins as potential vaccine antigens. antisera raised to recombinant purified proteins msp22 and msp75 recognized corresponding native proteins in multiple strains of m. catarrhalis. vaccine formulations individually administered subcutaneously and intranasally showed enhanced clear ... | 2009 | 19786139 |
| fmt bypass in pseudomonas aeruginosa causes induction of mexxy efflux pump expression. | the intrinsic resistance of p. aeruginosa pao1 to the peptide deformylase inhibitor (pdf-i) lbm415 was mediated by the mexab-oprm and mexxy-oprm efflux pumps, the latter of which was strongly induced by lbm415. single-step exposure of pao1 deleted for mexab-oprm (therefore lacking both mexab-oprm and mexxy-oprm functions) to pdf-is selected for nfxb mutants, which express the mexcd-oprj efflux pump, indicating that these compounds are also substrates for this pump. selection of resistant mutants ... | 2009 | 19786597 |
| risk factors for contact lens bacterial contamination during continuous wear. | microbial contamination of contact lenses is associated with corneal infection and inflammation. this study determined the microbiological, clinical, and demographic factors that are associated with bacterial contamination of a silicone hydrogel contact lens when worn for continuous wear (cw). | 2009 | 19786927 |
| tonb-dependent transporters and their occurrence in cyanobacteria. | different iron transport systems evolved in gram-negative bacteria during evolution. most of the transport systems depend on outer membrane localized tonb-dependent transporters (tbdts), a periplasma-facing tonb protein and a plasma membrane localized machinery (exbbd). so far, iron chelators (siderophores), oligosaccharides and polypeptides have been identified as substrates of tbdts. for iron transport, three uptake systems are defined: the lactoferrin/transferrin binding proteins, the porphyr ... | 2009 | 19821963 |
| expression of a recombinant elastin-like protein in pichia pastoris. | the translation of highly repetitive gene sequences is often associated with reduced levels of protein expression and may be prone to mutational events. in this report, we describe a modified concatemerization strategy to construct a gene with enhanced sequence diversity that encodes a highly repetitive elastin-like protein polymer for expression in pichia pastoris. specifically, degenerate oligonucleotides were used to create a monomer library, which after concatemerization yielded a geneticall ... | 2009 | 19827084 |
| physiologic cold shock increases adherence of moraxella catarrhalis to and secretion of interleukin 8 in human upper respiratory tract epithelial cells. | moraxella catarrhalis, a major nasopharyngeal pathogen of the human respiratory tract, is exposed to rapid and prolonged downshifts of environmental temperature when humans breathe cold air. in the present study, we show that a 26 degrees c cold shock up-regulates the expression of uspa1, a major adhesin and putative virulence factor of m. catarrhalis, by prolonging messenger rna half-life. cold shock promotes m. catarrhalis adherence to upper respiratory tract cells via enhanced binding to fibr ... | 2009 | 19835476 |
| in vitro activity of tigecycline against 2423 clinical isolates and comparison of the available interpretation breakpoints. | mics to tigecycline and 12 antimicrobials were performed by microdilution method, against 2423 nonduplicate pathogens recently isolated in 17 greek hospitals. the food and drug administration (fda) and european committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (eucast) criteria were used comparatively for interpretation of tigecycline mics. tigecycline exhibited potent in vitro activity against the majority of the isolates tested. (mic(90) values of 0.5, 1, 2, 0.125, 1, 0.25, 0.125, and 1 mg/l w ... | 2010 | 19836184 |
| immunopathogenesis of polymicrobial otitis media. | om, or inflammation of the middle ear, is a highly prevalent infection in children worldwide. om is a multifactorial disease with multiple risk factors, including preceding or concurrent viral urt infection. hence, om is also a polymicrobial disease. the mechanisms by which viruses predispose to bacterial om are replete; however, all are predicated on the general principle of compromise of primary host airway defenses. thus, despite an as-yet incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms ... | 2010 | 19843575 |
| immunopathogenesis of polymicrobial otitis media. | om, or inflammation of the middle ear, is a highly prevalent infection in children worldwide. om is a multifactorial disease with multiple risk factors, including preceding or concurrent viral urt infection. hence, om is also a polymicrobial disease. the mechanisms by which viruses predispose to bacterial om are replete; however, all are predicated on the general principle of compromise of primary host airway defenses. thus, despite an as-yet incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms ... | 2010 | 19843575 |
| improved selective isolation of bordetella pertussis by use of modified cyclodextrin solid medium. | we have developed a modified cyclodextrin solid (mcs) medium using the selective antibiotic cefdinir. mcs medium exhibited higher sensitivity (95.6%; any culture-positive sample as reference) and greater inhibition of nasopharyngeal flora than did bordet-gengou agar (65.2%, p = 0.009) or cyclodextrin solid medium (39.1%, p < 0.001). | 2009 | 19846652 |
| moraxella catarrhalis bacteraemia associated with prosthetic vascular graft infection. | moraxella catarrhalis, formerly called branhamella catarrhalis, 'neisseria catarrhalis' or 'micrococcus catarrhalis', is a gram-negative, aerobic diplococcus frequently found as a colonizer of the upper respiratory tract. over the last 20-30 years, this bacterium has emerged as a genuine pathogen, and is now considered an important cause of otitis media in children and an aetiological agent in pneumonia in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. however, bacteraemia due to m. catarrha ... | 2010 | 19850707 |
| the immunogenicity of the liposome-associated outer membrane proteins (omps) of moraxella catarrhalis. | the outer membrane proteins (omps) are the most immunogenic and attractive of the moraxella catarrhalis vaccine antigens that may induce the protective immune response. the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of two types of omp-associated phosphatidylcholine (pc) liposomal formulations (omps-pc, pc-omps) and of zwittergent-based proteomicelles (omps-z) in potentiating an anti-omp systemic immune response in mice. the immunogenicities of the above preparations were evaluated by ... | 2010 | 19851720 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of select respiratory tract pathogens in dakar, senegal. | haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pyogenes, and streptococcus pneumoniae are the most common causative agents of respiratory tract infections (rtis). the increase in resistance to current antibacterial agents highlights the need to monitor the resistance pattern of these bacterial pathogens. | 2009 | 19858566 |
| [in vitro susceptibilities to levofloxacin and various antibacterial agents of 12,919 clinical isolates obtained from 72 centers in 2007]. | we have reported in this journal in vitro susceptibilities of clinical isolates to antibiotics every year since 1992. in this paper, we report the results of an analysis of in vitro susceptibilities of 12,919 clinical isolates from 72 centers in japan to selected antibiotics in 2007 compared with the results from previous years. the common respiratory pathogens, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae maintained a high susceptibility to ... | 2009 | 19860322 |
| lack of chlamydophila pneumoniae and predominance of alloiococcus otitidis in middle ear fluids of children with otitis media with effusion. | to investigate the presence of chlamydophila pneumoniae and other bacterial pathogens in middle ear effusion samples obtained from children with otitis media with effusion (ome). | 2010 | 19879704 |
| [analysis on the sensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics of respiratory-infectious isolates on the second survey on the sensitivity of isolates conducted by the japanese society of chemotherapy in 2007--concerning the aspect of pk/pd break points]. | sensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics of isolates clinically obtained from respiratory infection sites in adults on the second survey on sensitivity of isolates conducted by the japanese society of chemotherapy in 2007 was investigated according to the classification of the "guideline for treatment for adult nosocomial pneumonia in 2008". among the primary antibacterial drugs for mild (a) and moderate (b) nosocomial pneumonia in adults, beta-lactam antibiotics; ceftriaxone (ctrx), sulbactam/amp ... | 2009 | 19882981 |
| otitis media: viruses, bacteria, biofilms and vaccines. | otitis media typically presents as either acute otitis media (aom), with symptoms including fever, otalgia, otorrhoea or irritability and short duration; or as otitis media with effusion (ome), which is often asymptomatic and characterised by accumulation of fluid in the middle ear. diagnostic certainty of otitis media is challenging, given the young age of patients and variability of symptoms. otitis media predominantly occurs as coincident to viral upper respiratory tract infections and/or bac ... | 2009 | 19883356 |
| role of infections in the induction and development of asthma: genetic and inflammatory drivers. | genetic and environmental factors interact to initiate and even maintain the course of asthma. as one of the highly risky environmental factors, infections in predisposed individuals can promote asthma development and exacerbations and/or prolong symptoms. this review will describe our current understanding of the genetic markers of innate immunity in the induction and development of asthma, the diverse roles of infections in modulating allergic inflammation, host susceptibility to infections an ... | 2009 | 19885377 |
| acute otitis media caused by moraxella catarrhalis: epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. | this study describes the epidemiologic, microbiologic, and otologic features and selected signs and symptoms of acute otitis media (aom) caused by moraxella catarrhalis and compares them with aom caused by other bacterial pathogens. | 2009 | 19886799 |
| bro {beta}-lactamase and antibiotic resistances in a global cross-sectional study of moraxella catarrhalis from children and adults. | to compare and contrast the geographic and demographic distribution of bro beta-lactamase and antibiotic mic(50/90) for 1440 global moraxella catarrhalis isolates obtained from children and adults between 2001 and 2002. | 2010 | 19889789 |
| the prevalence of middle ear pathogens in the outer ear canal and the nasopharyngeal cavity of healthy young adults. | culturing middle ear fluid samples from children with chronic otitis media with effusion (ome) using standard techniques results in the isolation of bacterial species in approximately 30-50% of the cases. haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis, the classic middle ear pathogens of acute otitis media, are involved but, recently, several studies suggested alloiococcus otitidis as an additional pathogen. in the present study, we used species-specific pcrs to estab ... | 2010 | 19895585 |
| levels of nitric oxide oxidation products are increased in the epithelial lining fluid of children with persistent asthma. | children with severe allergic asthma have persistent airway inflammation and oxidant stress. | 2009 | 19895987 |
| moraxella catarrhalis acquisition, airway inflammation and protease-antiprotease balance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | moraxella catarrhalis causes approximately 10% of exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and also colonizes the lower airway in stable patients. little is known about the effects of colonization by m. catarrhalis on airway inflammation and protease-antiprotease balance, and how these changes compare to those seen during exacerbations. since copd is a progressive inflammatory disease, elucidating the effects of bacterial colonization and exacerbation on airway inflammation ... | 2009 | 19912665 |
| microbial interactions in the respiratory tract. | upper respiratory tract infections are caused by the synergistic and antagonistic interactions between upper respiratory tract viruses and 3 predominant bacterial pathogens: streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), and moraxella catarrhalis, which are members of the commensal flora of the nasopharynx. for many bacterial pathogens, colonization of host mucosal surfaces is a first and necessary step in the infectious process. s. pneumoniae and h. influenzae have intrica ... | 2009 | 19918134 |
| recent advances in otitis media. | otitis media (om) is a pervasive illness in infants and children, and many children suffer multiple episodes during the first years of life. high rates of acute otitis media (aom) are reported in developed and emerging countries. early onset is common in both settings. recurrent om is associated with several factors, including early onset of disease, having a sibling with a history of aom and absence of breast-feeding. early onset disease has been hypothesized to result from eustachian tube dysf ... | 2009 | 19918136 |
| characteristics of doripenem: a new broad-spectrum antibiotic. | doripenem (s-4661) is a new parenteral antibiotic from the carbapenem class; similarly to imipenem and meropenem, it has a broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria. it is active against multiresistant gram-negative bacilli such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing (esbl) gram-negative enterobacteriaceae and nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli including some strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa that are resistant to other carbapenems. doripenem' ... | 2009 | 19920933 |
| rapid universal identification of bacterial pathogens from clinical cultures by using a novel sloppy molecular beacon melting temperature signature technique. | a real-time pcr assay with the ability to rapidly identify all pathogenic bacteria would have widespread medical utility. current real-time pcr technologies cannot accomplish this task due to severe limitations in multiplexing ability. to this end, we developed a new assay system which supports very high degrees of multiplexing. we developed a new class of mismatch-tolerant "sloppy" molecular beacons, modified them to provide an extended hybridization range, and developed a multiprobe, multimelt ... | 2009 | 19923485 |
| rapid universal identification of bacterial pathogens from clinical cultures by using a novel sloppy molecular beacon melting temperature signature technique. | a real-time pcr assay with the ability to rapidly identify all pathogenic bacteria would have widespread medical utility. current real-time pcr technologies cannot accomplish this task due to severe limitations in multiplexing ability. to this end, we developed a new assay system which supports very high degrees of multiplexing. we developed a new class of mismatch-tolerant "sloppy" molecular beacons, modified them to provide an extended hybridization range, and developed a multiprobe, multimelt ... | 2009 | 19923485 |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: role of bacteria and updated guide to antibacterial selection in the older patient. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. copd is especially prevalent in the elderly, affecting 25% of those aged>or=75 years. the course of the disease in the elderly is often complicated by co-morbid conditions, and its management is complicated by drug-drug interactions. exacerbations of copd increase rates of hospitalization and mortality and decrease quality of life. exacerbations are marked by an increase from baseline in dysp ... | 2009 | 19929027 |
| intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics of s-013420, a novel bicyclolide antibacterial, in healthy japanese subjects. | s-013420 (edp-420) is a novel bicyclolide (bridged bicyclic macrolide) antibacterial currently under development for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. the objective of the present study was to determine the plasma and intrapulmonary pharmacokinetic parameters of orally administered s-013420 in healthy volunteers. twenty-eight healthy japanese male subjects who never smoked were randomly allocated to seven groups of four subjects each who underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) at dif ... | 2010 | 19933801 |
| new patterns in the otopathogens causing acute otitis media six to eight years after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. | to describe np and aom otopathogens during the time frame 2007 to 2009, 6 to 8 years after the introduction of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate (pcv7) in the united states and to compare nasopharyngeal (np) colonization and acute otitis media (aom) microbiology in children 6 to 36 months of age having first and second aom episodes with children who are otitis prone. | 2010 | 19935445 |
| correlation of bacterial colonization status between mother and child: the generation r study. | determinants of bacterial colonization in children have been described. in the generation r study, a population-based cohort study, we determined whether the colonization statuses of mothers and children are correlated. such a correlation was observed for staphylococcus aureus and haemophilus influenzae. direct transmission, genetic susceptibility and/or unidentified environmental factors may play a role here. | 2010 | 19940045 |
| correlation of bacterial colonization status between mother and child: the generation r study. | determinants of bacterial colonization in children have been described. in the generation r study, a population-based cohort study, we determined whether the colonization statuses of mothers and children are correlated. such a correlation was observed for staphylococcus aureus and haemophilus influenzae. direct transmission, genetic susceptibility and/or unidentified environmental factors may play a role here. | 2010 | 19940045 |
| a one-step, real-time pcr assay for rapid detection of rhinovirus. | one-step, real-time pcr assays for rhinovirus have been developed for a limited number of pcr amplification platforms and chemistries, and some exhibit cross-reactivity with genetically similar enteroviruses. we developed a one-step, real-time pcr assay for rhinovirus by using a sequence detection system (applied biosystems; foster city, ca). the primers were designed to amplify a 120-base target in the noncoding region of picornavirus rna, and a taqman (applied biosystems) degenerate probe was ... | 2010 | 19948820 |
| [moraxella catarrhalis sepsis in a 4 month-old infant with rsv+ bronchiolitis]. | 2010 | 19955027 | |
| rapid identification of bacteria in positive blood culture broths by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry is a rapid, accurate method for identifying bacteria and fungi recovered on agar culture media. we report herein a method for the direct identification of bacteria in positive blood culture broths by maldi-tof mass spectrometry. a total of 212 positive cultures were examined, representing 32 genera and 60 species or groups. the identification of bacterial isolates by maldi-tof mass spectrometry was compared ... | 2010 | 19955282 |
| rapid identification of bacteria in positive blood culture broths by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry is a rapid, accurate method for identifying bacteria and fungi recovered on agar culture media. we report herein a method for the direct identification of bacteria in positive blood culture broths by maldi-tof mass spectrometry. a total of 212 positive cultures were examined, representing 32 genera and 60 species or groups. the identification of bacterial isolates by maldi-tof mass spectrometry was compared ... | 2010 | 19955282 |
| differential regulation of streptococcus pneumoniae-induced human muc5ac mucin expression through distinct mapk pathways. | human epithelial mucin, the major glycoprotein component of mucus, plays a critical role in host innate defense response against invading microbes by facilitating the mucociliary clearance. excess mucin production, however, overwhelms the mucociliary clearance, resulting in not only defective mucosal defense but also conductive hearing loss in the middle ear and mucus obstruction in the airway. indeed, mucus overproduction is a hall-mark of otitis media (om) and chronic obstructive pulmonary dis ... | 2009 | 19956440 |
| atypical bacteria in adenoids and tonsils of children requiring adenotonsillectomy. | the results of this study suggest that atypical bacteria may be involved not only in acute upper airway diseases but also in recurrent infections requiring adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy. therefore, their identification, followed by an appropriate treatment, should be considered. | 2010 | 19958241 |
| development of a rapid automated influenza a, influenza b, and respiratory syncytial virus a/b multiplex real-time rt-pcr assay and its use during the 2009 h1n1 swine-origin influenza virus epidemic in milwaukee, wisconsin. | rapid, semiautomated, and fully automated multiplex real-time rt-pcr assays were developed and validated for the detection of influenza (flu) a, flu b, and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) from nasopharyngeal specimens. the assays can detect human h1n1, h3n2, and swine-origin (s-oiv) h1n1 flu a viruses and were effectively used to distinguish flu a infections (of all subtypes) from flu b and rsv infections during the current s-oiv outbreak in milwaukee, wi. the analytical limits of detection we ... | 2010 | 19959800 |
| virulence-associated trimeric autotransporters of haemophilus parasuis are antigenic proteins expressed in vivo. | glässer's disease is a re-emerging swine disease characterized by a severe septicaemia. vaccination has been widely used to control the disease, although there is a lack of extended cross-protection. trimeric autotransporters, a family of surface exposed proteins implicated in host-pathogen interactions, are good vaccine candidates. members of this family have been described in haemophilus parasuis and designated as virulence-associated trimeric autotransporters (vtaa). in this work, we produced ... | 2010 | 19995512 |
| virulence-associated trimeric autotransporters of haemophilus parasuis are antigenic proteins expressed in vivo. | glässer's disease is a re-emerging swine disease characterized by a severe septicaemia. vaccination has been widely used to control the disease, although there is a lack of extended cross-protection. trimeric autotransporters, a family of surface exposed proteins implicated in host-pathogen interactions, are good vaccine candidates. members of this family have been described in haemophilus parasuis and designated as virulence-associated trimeric autotransporters (vtaa). in this work, we produced ... | 2010 | 19995512 |
| the role of beta-lactamase-producing-bacteria in mixed infections. | beta-lactamase-producing bacteria (blpb) can play an important role in polymicrobial infections. they can have a direct pathogenic impact in causing the infection as well as an indirect effect through their ability to produce the enzyme beta-lactamase. blpb may not only survive penicillin therapy but can also, as was demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo studies, protect other penicillin-susceptible bacteria from penicillin by releasing the free enzyme into their environment. this phenomenon occu ... | 2009 | 20003454 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens isolated from more than 10,000 patients with infectious respiratory diseases: a 25-year longitudinal study. | the study group on antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens isolated from respiratory infections was established in 1981 in japan to elucidate trends in such susceptibilities in patients with infectious respiratory diseases; the group has conducted nationwide research in collaboration with 21 medical institutions. examination of more than 10,000 patients by 2005 allowed a summary of study findings. streptococcus pneumoniae started to become resistant to penicillin g in the 1990s, and the isolat ... | 2009 | 20012724 |
| community-acquired upper respiratory tract infections and the role of third-generation oral cephalosporins. | common community-acquired infections include those of the upper respiratory tract. in the 1990s, the antimicrobial treatment of upper respiratory tract infections focused on penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae. however, following the introduction of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, a decrease in invasive pneumococcal disease occurred, and in the case of otitis media a shift towards haemophilus influenzae as the predominant causative pathogen was observed. future antimicrobial therapy ... | 2010 | 20014898 |
| etiology of community-acquired pneumonia: increased microbiological yield with new diagnostic methods. | the microbial etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is still not well characterized. during the past few years, polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based methods have been developed for many pathogens causing respiratory tract infections. the aim of this study was to determine the etiology of cap among adults-especially the occurrence of mixed infections among patients with cap-by implementing a new diagnostic pcr platform combined with conventional methods. | 2010 | 20014950 |
| a systemic neutrophil response precedes robust cd8(+) t-cell activation during natural respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants. | severe primary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections are characterized by bronchiolitis accompanied by wheezing. controversy exists as to whether infants suffer from virus-induced lung pathology or from excessive immune responses. furthermore, detailed knowledge about the development of primary t-cell responses to viral infections in infants is lacking. we studied the dynamics of innate neutrophil and adaptive t-cell responses in peripheral blood in relation to the viral load and paramete ... | 2010 | 20015982 |
| a systemic neutrophil response precedes robust cd8(+) t-cell activation during natural respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants. | severe primary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections are characterized by bronchiolitis accompanied by wheezing. controversy exists as to whether infants suffer from virus-induced lung pathology or from excessive immune responses. furthermore, detailed knowledge about the development of primary t-cell responses to viral infections in infants is lacking. we studied the dynamics of innate neutrophil and adaptive t-cell responses in peripheral blood in relation to the viral load and paramete ... | 2010 | 20015982 |
| pan-genome analysis provides much higher strain typing resolution than multi-locus sequence typing. | the most widely used dna-based method for bacterial strain typing, multi-locus sequence typing (mlst), lacks sufficient resolution to distinguish among many bacterial strains within a species. here, we show that strain typing based on the presence or absence of distributed genes is able to resolve all completely sequenced genomes of six bacterial species. this was accomplished by the development of a clustering method, neighbour grouping, which is completely consistent with the lower-resolution ... | 2010 | 20019077 |
| recommendations for the use of pacifiers. | 2003 | 20019941 | |
| the pathophysiology of bronchiectasis. | bronchiectasis is defined by permanent and abnormal widening of the bronchi. this process occurs in the context of chronic airway infection and inflammation. it is usually diagnosed using computed tomography scanning to visualize the larger bronchi. bronchiectasis is also characterized by mild to moderate airflow obstruction. this review will describe the pathophysiology of noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. studies have demonstrated that the small airways in bronchiectasis are obstructed from a ... | 2009 | 20037680 |
| a novel phase variation mechanism in the meningococcus driven by a ligand-responsive repressor and differential spacing of distal promoter elements. | phase variable expression, mediated by high frequency reversible changes in the length of simple sequence repeats, facilitates adaptation of bacterial populations to changing environments and is frequently important in bacterial virulence. here we elucidate a novel phase variable mechanism for nada, an adhesin and invasin of neisseria meningitidis. the nadr repressor protein binds to operators flanking the phase variable tract and contributes to the differential expression levels of phase varian ... | 2009 | 20041170 |
| low zinc status: a new risk factor for pneumonia in the elderly? | low zinc status may be a risk factor for pneumonia in the elderly. this special article reviews the magnitude of the problem of pneumonia (its prevalence, morbidity, and mortality) in the elderly, pneumonia's etiology, and the dysregulation of the immune system associated with increasing age. in addition, recent evidence from the literature is presented demonstrating that low zinc status (commonly reported in the elderly) impairs immune function, decreases resistance to pathogens, and is associa ... | 2010 | 20041998 |
| mic quality control guidelines and disk diffusion test optimization for cem-101, a novel fluoroketolide. | the development of diagnostic susceptibility tests for cem-101, a new fluoroketolide, was addressed by structured studies to determine the optimal disk diffusion test concentration and effects of various testing conditions or supplements and to establish the quality control (qc) ranges for reference broth microdilution tests. the 15-microg cem-101 disk was selected, and mic ranges for a total of four qc organisms were proposed, with only three doubling dilutions each that included 95.6 to 99.7% ... | 2009 | 20042620 |
| mic quality control guidelines and disk diffusion test optimization for cem-101, a novel fluoroketolide. | the development of diagnostic susceptibility tests for cem-101, a new fluoroketolide, was addressed by structured studies to determine the optimal disk diffusion test concentration and effects of various testing conditions or supplements and to establish the quality control (qc) ranges for reference broth microdilution tests. the 15-microg cem-101 disk was selected, and mic ranges for a total of four qc organisms were proposed, with only three doubling dilutions each that included 95.6 to 99.7% ... | 2009 | 20042620 |
| disordered microbial communities in asthmatic airways. | a rich microbial environment in infancy protects against asthma [1], [2] and infections precipitate asthma exacerbations [3]. we compared the airway microbiota at three levels in adult patients with asthma, the related condition of copd, and controls. we also studied bronchial lavage from asthmatic children and controls. | 2010 | 20052417 |
| newer antibacterial drugs for a new century. | antibacterial drug discovery and development has slowed considerably in recent years, with novel classes discovered decades ago and regulatory approvals tougher to get. traditional approaches and the newer genomic mining approaches have not yielded novel classes of antibacterial compounds. instead, improved analogues of existing classes of antibacterial drugs have been developed by improving potency, minimizing resistance and alleviating toxicity. | 2010 | 20053150 |
| high-throughput identification of bacteria and yeast by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry in conventional medical microbiology laboratories. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) is suitable for high-throughput and rapid diagnostics at low costs and can be considered an alternative for conventional biochemical and molecular identification systems in a conventional microbiological laboratory. first, we evaluated maldi-tof ms using 327 clinical isolates previously cultured from patient materials and identified by conventional techniques (vitek-ii, api, and biochemical tests). discre ... | 2010 | 20053859 |