Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| a retrospective study of the characterization of rickettsia species in ticks collected from humans. | rickettsiae (family rickettsiaceae, order rickettsiales) are obligate intracellular bacteria transmitted by arthropod vectors. several rickettsia species causing vector-borne rickettsioses belong to the spotted fever group (sfg). traditionally, rickettsia conorii has been considered as the main etiologic agent of mediterranean spotted fever. however, the molecular characterization of rickettsiae allowed identifying other species involved in spotted fever in the mediterranean region. in this stud ... | 2017 | 28457821 |
| influence of meteorological parameters during the preceding fall and winter on the questing activity of nymphal ixodes ricinus ticks. | wood ticks, ixodes ricinus l., serve as vectors for various pathogens and are ubiquitous throughout central europe. survival and development of i. ricinus depend on biotic and abiotic factors. we examined whether relative humidity (rh), air (t a ) and soil temperatures (t s ), or snow depth during november through february affect the questing activity of ticks during their subsequent season of activity. we related the number of host-seeking nymphs to meteorological parameters measured in close p ... | 2017 | 28462449 |
| [clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of lyme borreliosis]. | lyme borreliosis is an infection caused by the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex and transmitted by ixodes ricinus ticks in denmark. it can manifest itself in several different forms of which erythema migrans is the most common and is diagnosed by clinical assessment of the characteristic erythema. laboratory support for the clinical diagnosis of other manifestations rests on the measurement of borrelia-specific antibodies. treatment is straight-forward with antibiotics such as penicillin. ... | 2017 | 28473022 |
| in silico target network analysis of de novo-discovered, tick saliva-specific micrornas reveals important combinatorial effects in their interference with vertebrate host physiology. | the hard tick ixodes ricinus is an important disease vector whose salivary secretions mediate blood-feeding success on vertebrate hosts, including humans. here we describe the expression profiles and downstream analysis of de novo-discovered micrornas (mirnas) expressed in i. ricinus salivary glands and saliva. eleven tick-derived libraries were sequenced to produce 67,375,557 illumina reads. de novo prediction yielded 67 bona fide mirnas out of which 35 are currently not present in mirbase. we ... | 2017 | 28473453 |
| crowdsourcing-based nationwide tick collection reveals the distribution of ixodes ricinus and i. persulcatus and associated pathogens in finland. | a national crowdsourcing-based tick collection campaign was organized in 2015 with the objective of producing novel data on tick distribution and tick-borne pathogens in finland. nearly 20 000 ixodes ticks were collected. the collected material revealed the nationwide distribution of i. persulcatus for the first time and a shift northwards in the distribution of i. ricinus in finland. a subset of 2038 tick samples containing both species was screened for borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (the prev ... | 2017 | 28487561 |
| fitness estimates from experimental infections predict the long-term strain structure of a vector-borne pathogen in the field. | the populations of many pathogen species consist of a collection of common and rare strains but the factors underlying this strain-specific variation in frequency are often unknown. understanding frequency variation among strains is particularly challenging for vector-borne pathogens where the strain-specific fitness depends on the performance in both the vertebrate host and the arthropod vector. two sympatric multiple-strain tick-borne pathogens, borrelia afzelii and b. garinii, that use the sa ... | 2017 | 28500292 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia microti, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and toxoplasma gondii in ixodes ricinus (acari, ixodida) ticks collected from slowinski national park (northern poland). | 2017 | 28504439 | |
| bat ectoparasites (nycteribiidae, streblidae, siphonaptera, heteroptera, mesostigmata, argasidae, and ixodidae) from algeria. | twenty two species of ectoparasites (family nycteribiidae: nycteribia (listropoda) schmidlii schmidlii, nycteribia (nycteribia) latreillii, nycteribia (nycteribia) pedicularia, penicillidia (penicillidia) dufourii, and phthiridium biarticulatum; family streblidae: brachytarsina (brachytarsina) flavipennis and raymondia huberi; order siphonaptera: rhinolophopsylla unipectinata arabs, nycteridopsylla longiceps, araeopsylla gestroi, ischnopsyllus intermedius, and ischnopsyllus octactenus; order het ... | 2017 | 28504443 |
| tick infestation of small mammals in an english woodland. | tick infestations on small mammals were studied from april to november, 2010, in deciduous woodland in southern england in order to determine whether co-infestations with tick stages occurred on small mammals, a key requirement for endemic transmission of tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev). a total of 217 small mammals was trapped over 1,760 trap nights. yellow-necked mice (apodemus flavicollis) made up the majority (52.5%) of animals, followed by wood mice (a. sylvaticus) 35.5% and bank voles ... | 2017 | 28504447 |
| [tick-borne infections in denmark]. | the castor bean tick, ixodes ricinus, is common in woodlands in most of denmark. besides borrelia burgdorferi, it can harbour a number of pathogenic microorganisms such as tick-borne encephalitis virus, anaplasma phagocytophilum, rickettsia helvetica, francisella tularensis, candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis, bartonella spp., borrelia miyamotoi and babesia spp. these tick-borne infections should be a differential diagnostic consideration during the tick season in denmark. we review the distribu ... | 2017 | 28504633 |
| vector and serologic survey for crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in poland. | in contrast to animals, crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) causes a severe disease in humans with a high mortality rate. the etiological agent, cchf virus (cchfv), can be transmitted by argasid and ixodid ticks, but arachnids of the genus hyalomma, followed by rhipicephalus and dermacentor serve as the major vectors of this virus. the goal of the study was to assess the epidemiological situation of cchfv infection in cattle in south-east poland, and survey for potential tick vector species. ... | 2017 | 28514225 |
| tick-borne encephalitis virus in ticks and roe deer, the netherlands. | we report the presence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) in the netherlands. serologic screening of roe deer found tbev-neutralizing antibodies with a seroprevalence of 2%, and tbev rna was detected in 2 ticks from the same location. enhanced surveillance and awareness among medical professionals has led to the identification of autochthonous cases. | 2017 | 28518024 |
| lyme borreliae prevalence and genospecies distribution in ticks removed from humans. | lyme borreliosis (lb) is the most important human tick-borne disease, but borrelia genospecies cause different clinical manifestations. ticks of the genus ixodes removed from humans between 2006 and 2012 were analysed for borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (sl) infections. the majority of ticks originated from the greater hanover region in northern germany. the engorgement status varied over the entire spectrum from unengorged (no evidence of started blood feeding) to fully engorged. in the present ... | 2017 | 28528880 |
| importance of common wall lizards in the transmission dynamics of tick-borne pathogens in the northern apennine mountains, italy. | during the investigations on ticks and tick-borne pathogens (tbp) range expansion in the northern apennines, we captured 107 podarcis muralis lizards. sixty-eight animals were infested by immature ixodes ricinus, haemaphysalis sulcata and h. punctata. borrelia burgdorferi s.l. was detected in 3.7% of i. ricinus larvae and 8.0% of nymphs. together with the species-specific b. lusitaniae, we identified b. garinii, b. afzelii and b. valaisiana. rickettsia spp. (18.1% larvae, 12.0% nymphs), namely r ... | 2017 | 28540487 |
| the abundance of the lyme disease pathogen borrelia afzelii declines over time in the tick vector ixodes ricinus. | the population dynamics of vector-borne pathogens inside the arthropod vector can have important consequences for vector-to-host transmission. tick-borne spirochete bacteria of the borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) species complex cause lyme borreliosis in humans and spend long periods of time (>12 months) in their ixodes tick vectors. to date, few studies have investigated the dynamics of borrelia spirochete populations in unfed ixodes nymphal ticks. | 2017 | 28545520 |
| grotenhout virus, a novel nairovirus found in ixodes ricinus in belgium. | we report here the draft genome of a novel nairovirus, grotenhout virus, isolated from deer ticks (ixodes ricinus) in belgium. the genome consists of two segments, l and s, and is most similar to the tick-borne south bay virus, with amino acid identities ranging from 60 to 64%. | 2017 | 28546475 |
| europe-wide meta-analysis of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato prevalence in questing ixodes ricinus ticks. | lyme borreliosis is the most common zoonotic disease transmitted by ticks in europe and north america. despite having multiple tick vectors, the causative agent, borrelia burgdorferisensu lato, is vectored mainly by ixodes ricinus in europe. in the present study, we aimed to review and summarize the existing data published from 2010 to 2016 concerning the prevalence of b. burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes in questing i. ricinus ticks. the primary focus was to evaluate the infection rate of thes ... | 2017 | 28550059 |
| functional morphology of tarsal adhesive pads and attachment ability in ticks ixodes ricinus (arachnida, acari, ixodidae). | the presence of well-developed, elastic claws on ticks and widely pilose hosts led us to hypothesise that ticks are mostly adapted to attachment and locomotion on rough, strongly corrugated and hairy, felt-like substrates. however, by using a combination of morphological and experimental approaches, we visualised the ultrastructure of attachment devices of ixodes ricinus and showed that this species adheres more strongly to smooth surfaces than to rough ones. between paired, elongated, curved, e ... | 2017 | 28566356 |
| molecular detecting of piroplasms in feeding and questing ixodes ricinus ticks | the purpose of this study was to detect piroplasms, which are pathogens of veterinary and zoonotic importance in ticks, that were collected from ponies and field vegetation and to determine the role of shetland ponies as potential reservoir hosts for piroplasms. a total of 1737 feeding and 371 questing ixodes ricinus collected from horses or vegetation were tested for the presence of babesia and theileria dna. piroplasm 18s rrna gene amplification was conducted, and the obtained amplicons were s ... | 2017 | 28570038 |
| no evidence of borrelia mayonii in an endemic area for lyme borreliosis in france. | borrelia mayonii is currently the latest species belonging to the borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) complex to be discovered. interestingly it is involved in human pathology causing a high fever. we looked for its presence in post- tick bite febrile patients as well as in ixodes ricinus ticks in an endemic area of france. | 2017 | 28583197 |
| sulfate turpentine: a resource of tick repellent compounds. | compounds with tick (ixodes ricinus) repellent properties were isolated from sulfate turpentine consisting of norway spruce (80%) and scots pine (20%) from southern sweden. the turpentine was divided into two fractions by distillation under reduced pressure resulting in one monoterpene hydrocarbon fraction and a residual containing higher boiling terpenoids. the monoterpene fraction was further oxidized with seo2 to obtain oxygenated monoterpenes with potential tick repellent properties. the oxi ... | 2017 | 28589297 |
| difference in susceptibility of small rodent host species to infestation by ixodes ricinus larvae. | in a laboratory experiment (repeated eight times) individuals of six small rodent species were mixed with 500 ixodes ricinus larvae for 24 h, than over a 3-day-long observation period engorged ticks fallen from individually kept rodents were counted. forty engorged larvae fell from the hosts, 25% from striped field mice, 32.5% from house mice, 22.5% from common voles, 10% from bank voles, while wood mouse and steppe mouse proved to be almost free of successfully infesting ticks (both 5%). statis ... | 2017 | 28593480 |
| impact of a freeway on the dispersal of ticks and ixodes ricinus-borne pathogens: forested resting areas may become lyme disease hotspots. | man-made barriers are well known for their effects on ecosystems. habitat fragmentation, for instance, is a recognised consequence of modern-day infrastructure. the aim of the present study was to investigate the diversity and abundance of tick species, as well as the risks of acquiring tick-borne infections in habitats adjacent to a freeway. therefore, ixodid ticks were collected from the vegetation at two-week intervals (in the main tick season, from march to june) in eight habitats of differe ... | 2017 | 28605964 |
| blood donor borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato seroprevalence and history of tick bites at a northern limit of the vector distribution. | in order to study the antibody seroprevalence of the causal agent of lyme borreliosis, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), and the history of tick bites at a geographical distribution limit of ixodes ricinus, we compared healthy blood donors in geographically extreme regions: the borreliosis-endemic vestfold county (59°n) and the region of northern norway. blood samples were screened using igg/vlse elisa, and positive/borderline samples were confirmed using c6 elisa and immunoblot assays. al ... | 2017 | 28612350 |
| functional redundancy and ecological innovation shape the circulation of tick-transmitted pathogens. | ticks are vectors of pathogens affecting human and animal health worldwide. nevertheless, the ecological and evolutionary interactions between ticks, hosts, and pathogens are largely unknown. here, we integrated a framework to evaluate the associations of the tick ixodes ricinus with its hosts and environmental niches that impact pathogen circulation. the analysis of tick-hosts association suggested that mammals and lizards were the ancestral hosts of this tick species, and that a leap to aves o ... | 2017 | 28620590 |
| multi-criteria decision analysis to model ixodes ricinus habitat suitability. | tick-borne diseases present a major threat to both human and livestock health throughout europe. the risk of infection is directly related to the presence of its vector. thereby it is important to know their distribution, which is strongly associated with environmental factors: the presence and availability of a suitable habitat, of a suitable climate and of hosts. the present study models the habitat suitability for ixodes ricinus in ireland, where data on tick distribution are scarce. tick hab ... | 2017 | 28631117 |
| seasonal dynamics of adult dermacentor reticulatus in a peri-urban park in southern europe. | studies on the human-biting pathogen vectors dermacentor reticulatus and ixodes ricinus have been scarce in southern europe. the aims of the present study were to determine the abundance of these ticks in a peri-urban park in northern italy, describe the seasonal activity of d. reticulatus and examine the correlation between tick occurrence and environmental factors. ticks were collected monthly from april 2015 to may 2016 using both dragging and flagging techniques. various climatic variables ( ... | 2017 | 28647128 |
| clinical outbreak of babesiosis caused by babesia capreoli in captive reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) in the netherlands. | from a herd of captive reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) consisting of two males and seven females with five calves, three calves were diagnosed on post mortem examination with a babesia capreoli infection. the diagnosis was indicated by pcr and when the other reindeer were examined two adult females and a one-year-old male were babesia-positive. molecular characterization of the 18s rdna of the parasite showed complete identity with known b. capreoli sequences. ixodes ricinus has been demon ... | 2017 | 28648772 |
| partial characterization of tick-borne encephalitis virus isolates from ticks of southern ukraine. | tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) is the most common tick-borne viral infection in eurasia; thousands of human cases are annually reported from several european countries. several tick species are vectors of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev), while tbe appears to be spreading from the eurasian continent westward to europe. fifteen study sites were chosen from five territories of southern ukraine, including odessa, mykolaiv, kherson oblast, the autonomous republic of crimea, and sevastopol. ti ... | 2017 | 28654319 |
| comparative efficacy of a new spot-on combination product containing selamectin and sarolaner (stronghold®plus) versus fluralaner (bravecto®) against induced infestations with ixodes ricinus ticks on cats. | ticks are increasingly reported on cats worldwide, with ixodes ricinus being a relevant species across europe and in near by areas of north africa and the middle east. yet there are few acaracidal products with proven efficacy approved for use in cats. the objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of a new spot-on formulation containing selamectin and sarolaner with a topical application of fluralaner (bravecto®) against ixodes ricinus ticks on cats. to that end, twenty-four (24) cats ... | 2017 | 28662690 |
| babesia, theileria, and hepatozoon species in ticks infesting animal hosts in romania. | babesia spp., theileria spp., and hepatozoon spp. are tick-transmitted apicomplexan parasites that cause several important diseases in animals. to increase current knowledge about the diversity of tick-transmitted pathogens in romania, we investigated the occurrence of babesia spp., theileria spp., and hepatozoon spp. in a wide range of tick species infesting animal hosts. we collected 852 ticks from 10 different animal species from 20 counties in romania. the assessment was based on detection o ... | 2017 | 28676905 |
| five cases of vector-borne francisella tularensis holarctica infections in south-western germany and genetic diversity. | tularemia is a rare zoonotic disease in germany. francisella tularensis has been isolated previously from ticks in southern germany underscoring the importance of ticks (ixodes ricinus) in tularemia transmission, but there have been only few reports from this region with single cases or small case series of tick-borne transmissions of tularemia. we report five cases of non-game animal associated tularemia diagnosed from 2010 to 2016 in southwestern germany - baden-wuerttemberg. our case series a ... | 2017 | 28684041 |
| modeling the effects of variable feeding patterns of larval ticks on the transmission of borrelia lusitaniae and borrelia afzelii. | spirochetes belonging to the borrelia burgdoferi sensu lato (sl) group cause lyme borreliosis (lb), which is the most commonly reported vector-borne zoonosis in europe. b. burgdorferi sl is maintained in nature in a complex cycle involving ixodes ricinus ticks and several species of vertebrate hosts. the transmission dynamics of b. burgdorferi sl is complicated by the varying competence of animals for different genospecies of spirochetes that, in turn, vary in their capability of causing disease ... | 2017 | 28690096 |
| goats as sentinel hosts for the detection of tick-borne encephalitis risk areas in the canton of valais, switzerland. | tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) is an important tick-borne disease in europe. detection of the tbe virus (tbev) in local populations of ixodes ricinus ticks is the most reliable proof that a given area is at risk for tbe, but this approach is time-consuming and expensive. a cheaper and simpler approach is to use immunology-based methods to screen vertebrate hosts for tbev-specific antibodies and subsequently test the tick populations at locations with seropositive animals. | 2017 | 28693561 |
| interferon-γ-dependent control of anaplasma phagocytophilum by murine neutrophil granulocytes. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is a gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium that is transmitted by ticks of the ixodes ricinus complex. it replicates in neutrophils and elicits febrile disease in humans and animals. because of its striking tropism for neutrophils, a. phagocytophilum has been used as a model organism to study the immune response against obligate intracellular pathogens. in mice, the control of a. phagocytophilum in the early phase of infection is dependent on natural killer cel ... | 2017 | 28697801 |
| [borrelia miyamotoi: a recently identified human pathogenic tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete]. | borrelia miyamotoi is a recently described relapsing fever spirochete transmitted by ticks of the ixodes ricinus complex. this pathogen is different from borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (the lyme borreliosis spirochetes) in its epidemiology, ecology and also genetics. over 50 patients have been described worldwide with borrelia miyamotoi disease, and three immunocompromised patients were reported with neurological symptoms. our knowledge about borrelia miyamotoi infection in ticks and its distri ... | 2017 | 28714333 |
| epidemiological study of tick infestation in buffalo of various regions of district khairpur, pakistan. | the aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological infestation and identification of ixodidae and argasidae ticks species in buffalo of different parts of district khairpur, pakistan. | 2017 | 28717323 |
| cascading effects of predator activity on tick-borne disease risk. | predators and competitors of vertebrates can in theory reduce the density of infected nymphs (din)-an often-used measure of tick-borne disease risk-by lowering the density of reservoir-competent hosts and/or the tick burden on reservoir-competent hosts. we investigated this possible indirect effect of predators by comparing data from 20 forest plots across the netherlands that varied in predator abundance. in each plot, we measured the density of questing ixodes ricinus nymphs (don), din for thr ... | 2017 | 28724731 |
| detection of lyme disease causing borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in questing ixodes ricinus ticks on jersey. | 2017 | 28751172 | |
| morphological anomalies in ixodes ricinus and ixodes inopinatus collected from tick-borne encephalitis natural foci in central europe. | in 2015, 0.02% nymphs displayed anomalies (ectromely) out of the 6744 collected ticks as part of a tick-borne encephalitis program in germany. in 2016, questing ixodes ricinus (n = 14,527) and ixodes inopinatus (n = 75) ticks were collected by flagging as part of a tick-borne encephalitis program in germany, slovakia and denmark. a total of 278 (1.9%) out of 14,602 nymph and adult ticks showed morphological anomalies. the anomalies were divided into general anomalies (body asymmetry) and local a ... | 2017 | 28755284 |
| quantifying the availability of vertebrate hosts to ticks: a camera-trapping approach. | the availability of vertebrate hosts is a major determinant of the occurrence of ticks and tick-borne zoonoses in natural and anthropogenic ecosystems and thus drives disease risk for wildlife, livestock, and humans. however, it remains challenging to quantify the availability of vertebrate hosts in field settings, particularly for medium-sized to large-bodied mammals. here, we present a method that uses camera traps to quantify the availability of warm-bodied vertebrates to ticks. the approach ... | 2017 | 28770219 |
| ecological factors influencing small mammal infection by anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in agricultural and forest landscapes. | small mammals are key components of numerous tick-borne disease systems, as hosts for immature ticks and pathogen reservoirs. to study the factors influencing tick-borne infection in small mammals, we trapped small mammals and collected questing ticks in spring and autumn in 2012 and 2013 at 24 sites in a 10x15 km rural landscapes (brittany, france). tissue samples were screened by real-time pcr for anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. of the two dominant small mammal s ... | 2017 | 28799685 |
| host specificity, pathogen exposure, and superinfections impact the distribution of anaplasma phagocytophilum genotypes in ticks, roe deer, and livestock in a fragmented agricultural landscape. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is a bacterial pathogen mainly transmitted by ixodes ricinus ticks in europe. it infects wild mammals, livestock, and, occasionally, humans. roe deer are considered to be the major reservoir, but the genotypes they carry differ from those that are found in livestock and humans. here, we investigated whether roe deer were the main source of the a. phagocytophilum genotypes circulating in questing i. ricinus nymphs in a fragmented agricultural landscape in france. first, ... | 2017 | 28807858 |
| corrigendum to "anaplasma phagocytophilum and rickettsia spp. infections in hard ticks (ixodes ricinus) in the city of hanover (germany): revisited" [ticks tick borne dis. 4 (2013) 432-438]. | 2016 | 28811035 | |
| tick-borne encephalitis in a naturally infected sheep. | tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) is the most important viral tick borne zoonosis in europe. in germany, about 250 human cases are registered annually, with the highest incidence reported in the last years coming from the federal states bavaria and baden-wuerttemberg. in veterinary medicine, only sporadic cases in wild and domestic animals have been reported; however, a high number of wild and domestic animals have tested positive for the tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) antibody. | 2017 | 28830430 |
| assessment of using recombinant ixodes ricinus av422 saliva protein for confirmation of tick bites in hunting dogs as naturally infested hosts. | due to the recorded spreading of ticks in past years, a higher incidence of tick-borne diseases (tbds) can be expected in the future in endemic areas, but can also pose an emerging public health concern in areas where they have not yet been recognized. assessment of the exposure of vulnerable hosts to ticks would be a very helpful tool for tbd epidemiological studies, as well as for their proper managing. to confirm previous tick bites, the method of choice is detection of antibodies in host ser ... | 2017 | 28840367 |
| prevalence of borrelia miyamotoi and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in questing ticks from a recreational coniferous forest of east saxony, germany. | the hard tick ixodes ricinus is the most important vector of tick-transmitted pathogens in europe, frequently occurring in urban parks and greenbelts utilized for recreational activities. this species is the most common vector of the causative agents of lyme borreliosis in europe. similarly, the species spreads borrelia miyamotoi, causing a relapsing-fever like illness. a total of 1774 ixodes ricinus (50 females, 68 males, 840 nymphs and 818 larvae) were collected with flagging between march and ... | 2017 | 28843481 |
| prevalence and distribution of borrelia and babesia species in ticks feeding on dogs in the u.k. | ticks were collected during march-july 2015 from dogs by veterinarians throughout the u.k. and used to estimate current prevalences and distributions of pathogens. dna was extracted from 4750 ticks and subjected to polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis to identify borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (spirochaetales: spirochaetaceae) and babesia (piroplasmida: babesiidae) species. of 4737 ticks [predominantly ixodes ricinus linneaus (ixodida: ixodidae)], b. burgdorferi s.l. was detected in ... | 2017 | 28846148 |
| infection of ixodes ricinus by borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in peri-urban forests of france. | lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-borne disease in the northern hemisphere. in europe, it is transmitted by ixodes ticks that carry bacteria belonging to the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. the objective of this work was to explore eco-epidemiological factors of lyme borreliosis in peri-urban forests of france (sénart, notre-dame and rambouillet). we investigated whether the introduction of tamias sibiricus in sénart could alter the density of infected ticks. moreover, the densit ... | 2017 | 28846709 |
| two mice models for transferability of zoonotic bacteria via tick vector. | spotted fever and typhus-related diseases caused by rickettsiae, lyme borreliosis induced by spirochetes from borrelia burgdorferii sensu lato complex, and q fever evoked by coxiella burnetii, are important zoonoses occurring worldwide. in order to study the pathogenesis of these infections, the efficacy of vaccines from the perspective of protection against the pathogens, pathogen - pathogen interactions during co-infections or pathogen-vector-host interrelationship, a suitable animal model sho ... | 2017 | 28854805 |
| physiologic and genetic factors influencing the zoonotic cycle of borrelia burgdorferi. | borrelia burgdorferi is a symbiont of ticks of the ixodes ricinus complex. these ticks serve as vectors to disseminate the spirochete to a variety of susceptible vertebrate hosts, which, in turn, act as reservoirs for naïve ticks to become infected, perpetuating the infectious life cycle of b. burgdorferi. the pivotal role of ticks in this life cycle and tick-spirochete interactions are the focus of this chapter. here, we describe the challenging physiological environment that spirochetes encoun ... | 2017 | 28864829 |
| essential oils of aromatic egyptian plants repel nymphs of the tick ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae). | due to the role of ixodes ricinus (l.) (acari: ixodidae) in the transmission of many serious pathogens, personal protection against bites of this tick is essential. in the present study the essential oils from 11 aromatic egyptian plants were isolated and their repellent activity against i. ricinus nymphs was evaluated three oils (i.e. conyza dioscoridis l., artemisia herba-alba asso and calendula officinalis l.) elicited high repellent activity in vitro of 94, 84.2 and 82%, respectively. the mo ... | 2017 | 28864886 |
| year-to-year variation in the density of ixodes ricinus ticks and the prevalence of the rodent-associated human pathogens borrelia afzelii and b. miyamotoi in different forest types. | the human pathogens borrelia afzelii, which causes lyme borreliosis and b. miyamotoi, which causes relapsing fever, both circulate between ixodes ricinus ticks and rodents. the spatiotemporal dynamics in the prevalence of these pathogens have not yet been fully elucidated, but probably depend on the spatiotemporal population dynamics of small rodents. we aimed to evaluate the effect of different forest types on the density of infected nymphs in different years and to obtain more knowledge about ... | 2017 | 28869190 |
| environmental drivers of ixodes ricinus abundance in forest fragments of rural european landscapes. | the castor bean tick (ixodes ricinus) transmits infectious diseases such as lyme borreliosis, which constitutes an important ecosystem disservice. despite many local studies, a comprehensive understanding of the key drivers of tick abundance at the continental scale is still lacking. we analyze a large set of environmental factors as potential drivers of i. ricinus abundance. our multi-scale study was carried out in deciduous forest fragments dispersed within two contrasting rural landscapes of ... | 2017 | 28874197 |
| characterizing the virome of ixodes ricinus ticks from northern europe. | rna viruses are abundant infectious agents and present in all domains of life. arthropods, including ticks, are well known as vectors of many viruses of concern for human and animal health. despite their obvious importance, the extent and structure of viral diversity in ticks is still poorly understood, particularly in europe. using a bulk rna-sequencing approach that captures the complete transcriptome, we analysed the virome of the most common tick in europe - ixodes ricinus. in total, rna seq ... | 2017 | 28883464 |
| tick-borne pathogens and their reservoir hosts in northern italy. | the aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of anaplasma phagocytophilum, rickettsia spp., babesia spp., and candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis in ixodes spp. ticks removed from wildlife, domestic animals and humans in the province of trento (northern italy) in order to better understand their ecology and provide public health professionals with an updated list of pathogens which should be considered during their diagnostic procedures after a tick bite. during 2011-2012, 848 feeding ti ... | 2017 | 28890111 |
| variability of species of babesia starcovici, 1893 in three sympatric ticks (ixodes ricinus, dermacentor reticulatus and haemaphysalis concinna) at the edge of pannonia in the czech republic and slovakia. | the distribution, variability and host specificity of species of babesia starcovici, 1893 were studied in questing ticks collected on the northwestern edge of the pannonian basin in the south-easternmost part of the czech republic and in western slovakia. the area is characterised by relatively natural floodplain habitats and the sympatric occurrence of three tick species possessing wide host spectra, namely ixodes ricinus (linnaeus), dermacentor reticulatus (fabricius) and haemaphysalis concinn ... | 2017 | 28906256 |
| prevalence of ticks and tick-borne pathogens: babesia and borrelia species in ticks infesting cats of great britain. | in a study of tick and tick-borne pathogen prevalence, between may and october 2016, 278 veterinary practices in great britain examined 1855 cats. six-hundred and one cats were found to have attached ticks. the most frequently recorded tick species was ixodes ricinus (57.1%), followed by ixodes hexagonus (41.4%) and ixodes trianguliceps (1.5%). male cats, 4-6 years of age living in rural areas were most likely to be carrying a tick; hair length and tick treatment history had no significant assoc ... | 2017 | 28917304 |
| deer presence rather than abundance determines the population density of the sheep tick, ixodes ricinus, in dutch forests. | understanding which factors drive population densities of disease vectors is an important step in assessing disease risk. we tested the hypothesis that the density of ticks from the ixodes ricinus complex, which are important vectors for tick-borne diseases, is determined by the density of deer, as adults of these ticks mainly feed on deer. | 2017 | 28927432 |
| ixodes inopinatus - occurring also outside the mediterranean region. | we report the presence of ixodes inopinatus and its sympatric occurrence with ixodes ricinus in southeastern germany, western austria, and romania. the identification of i. inopinatus was based on morphological and molecular 16s rrna and 12s rrna gene features. we also report the finding of rickettsia monacensis and rickettsia helvetica in i. inopinatus collected from a fox and a sheep in romania. although the vector competence of i. inopinatus for these pathogens remains to be proven, there is ... | 2017 | 28935402 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi and borrelia miyamotoi in questing ixodes ricinus ticks from four sites in the uk. | borrelia miyamotoi is a spirochete bacterium related to borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the cause of lyme borreliosis, and vectored by ticks. in 2014, b. miyamotoi was identified in three questing ixodes ricinus collected in the uk. we sought to confirm the presence of b. miyamotoi in the uk. ticks were collected from four locations not previously investigated for b. miyamotoi or b. burgdorferi s.l. and of which two are considered as lyme borreliosis "hotspots" based on hospital records of the ... | 2017 | 28939383 |
| assessment of maldi-tof ms biotyping for borrelia burgdorferi sl detection in ixodes ricinus. | matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has been demonstrated to be useful for tick identification at the species level. more recently, this tool has been successfully applied for the detection of bacterial pathogens directly in tick vectors. the present work has assessed the detection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus tick vector by maldi-tof ms. to this aim, experimental infection model of i. ricinus ticks by b. afzelii was ... | 2017 | 28950023 |
| toxic and repellent activity of selected monoterpenoids (thymol, carvacrol and linalool) against the castor bean tick, ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae). | the castor bean tick, ixodes ricinus, is a species of medical and veterinary importance. the use of synthetic acaricides for tick control has led to development of resistance, residues in the environment and animal products, and public health concerns. in this regard, plant essential oils and their main constituents represent an appealing alternative strategy to combat ticks. the phenols thymol and carvacrol and the alcohol linalool are monoterpenoids occurring in essential oils of several aroma ... | 2017 | 28969843 |
| investigation of babesia spp. in sympatric populations of dermacentor reticulatus and ixodes ricinus ticks in lithuania and latvia. | the objectives of the present study were to investigate the presence of the babesia parasites in dermacentor reticulatus ticks along its current distribution range in lithuania and latvia, and ixodes ricinus in lithuania, to characterize the detected babesia spp. using partial sequencing of 18s rrnr gene, and to determine the prevalence of the babesia pathogens in ticks from different locations of lithuania and latvia. from 2013 to 2015, four d. reticulatus nymphs and 2255 questing adults were c ... | 2017 | 28969995 |
| diversity and prevalence of bartonella species in small mammals from slovakia, central europe. | wild-living rodents are important hosts for zoonotic pathogens. bartonella infections are widespread in rodents; however, in slovakia, knowledge on the prevalence of these bacteria in small mammals is limited. we investigated the prevalence and diversity of bartonella species in the spleens of 640 rodents of six species (apodemus flavicollis, apodemus sylvaticus, myodes glareolus, microtus arvalis, microtus subterraneus, and micromys minutus) and in the european mole (talpa europaea) from three ... | 2017 | 28975409 |
| surveillance of ixodes ricinus ticks (acari: ixodidae) in iceland. | ixodes ricinus is a three-host tick, a principal vector of borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) and one of the main vectors of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus. iceland is located in the north atlantic ocean with subpolar oceanic climate. during the past 3-4 decades, average temperature has increased, supporting more favourable conditions for ticks. reports of i. ricinus have increased in recent years. if these ticks were able to establish in a changing climate, iceland may face new threats posed by t ... | 2017 | 29017579 |
| molecular survey on rickettsia spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and babesia spp. in ixodes ricinus ticks infesting dogs in central italy. | dogs are a common feeding hosts for ixodes ricinus and may act as reservoir hosts for zoonotic tick-borne pathogens (tbps) and as carriers of infected ticks into human settings. the aim of this work was to evaluate the presence of several selected tbps of significant public health concern by molecular methods in i. ricinus recovered from dogs living in urban and suburban settings in central italy. a total of 212 i. ricinus specimens were collected from the coat of domestic dogs. dna was extracte ... | 2017 | 29022768 |
| broad-range survey of vector-borne pathogens and tick host identification of ixodes ricinus from southern czech republic. | ixodes ricinus ticks are vectors of numerous human and animal pathogens. they are host generalists able to feed on more than 300 vertebrate species. the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens is influenced by host-vector-pathogen interactions that results in spatial distribution of infection risk. broad-range polymerase chain reaction electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (pcr/esi-ms) was used to analyze 435 i. ricinus nymphs from four localities in the south of the czech republic for the specie ... | 2017 | 29029144 |
| distribution of ixodes ricinus ticks and prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus among questing ticks in the arctic circle region of northern norway. | this study investigated the geographical distribution of ixodes ricinus and prevalence of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) in northern norway. flagging for questing i. ricinus ticks was performed in areas ranging from vikna in nord-trøndelag county, located 190km south of the arctic circle (66.3°n), to steigen in nordland county, located 155km north of the arctic circle. we found that ticks were abundant in both vikna (64.5°n) and brønnøy (65.1°n). only a few ticks were found at location ... | 2018 | 29030314 |
| spotted fever group rickettsiae associated with ixodid ticks in wild environment in southern italy. | ixodidae ticks are vectors and reservoirs of several species of rickettsiae, and tick-borne rickettsioses are reported worldwide. this study was aimed to verify the distribution of spotted fever group rickettsiae associated with ticks in a wild environment, the national park of gargano, where there is proximity between wild and domestic animals, and which is within an endemic area for rickettsiosis. ticks were collected from animals or vegetation, morphologically identified and tested by a pcr t ... | 2017 | 29047217 |
| pathogen communities of songbird-derived ticks in europe's low countries. | birds play a major role in the maintenance of enzootic cycles of pathogens transmitted by ticks. due to their mobility, they affect the spatial distribution and abundance of both ticks and pathogens. in the present study, we aim to identify members of a pathogen community [borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.), b. miyamotoi, 'ca. neoehrlichia mikurensis', anaplasma phagocytophilum and rickettsia helvetica] in songbird-derived ticks from 11 locations in the netherlands and belgium (2012-2014). | 2017 | 29047399 |
| parallelisms and contrasts in the diverse ecologies of the anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi complexes of bacteria in the far western united states. | anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi are two tick-borne bacteria that cause disease in people and animals. for each of these bacteria, there is a complex of closely related genospecies and/or strains that are genetically distinct and have been shown through both observational and experimental studies to have different host tropisms. in this review we compare the known ecologies of these two bacterial complexes in the far western usa and find remarkable similarities, which will help ... | 2016 | 29056734 |
| irc2/bf - a yeast and borrelia responsive component of the complement system from the hard tick ixodes ricinus. | ticks possess components of a primordial complement system that presumably play a role in the interaction of the tick immune system with tick-borne pathogens and affect their transmission. here we characterized a novel complement component, tagged as irc2/bf, from the hard tick ixodes ricinus, the principal vector of lyme disease in europe. irc2/bf is a multi-domain molecule composed of 5-7 ccp modules, varied by alternative splicing, followed by a von willebrand factor a domain and a c-terminal ... | 2018 | 29061482 |
| anti-tumour necrosis factor activity in saliva of various tick species and its appearance during the feeding period. | tumour necrosis factor (tnf) plays a central role in the inflammatory process. in the skin, it contributes to immune containment of tick-transmitted pathogens like borrelia burgdorferi. in the saliva of some tick species, active compounds are present that inhibit detection of tnf in specific elisa. we compared the presence of anti-tnf activity in saliva or salivary gland extract from 11 tick species from the family ixodidae and demonstrated it in genera ixodes latreille, 1795 and haemaphysalis k ... | 2017 | 29063857 |
| molecular detection and serological evidence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in serbia. | tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) is a zoonotic flaviviral infection that is a growing public health concern in european countries. the aims of this research were to detect and characterize tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) in ixodes ricinus ticks at presumed natural foci in serbia, and to determine seroprevalence of tbev igg antibodies in humans and animals. a total of 500 i. ricinus ticks were examined for the presence of tbev by real-time rt-pcr, and conventional nested pcr and sequencing. to ... | 2017 | 29064333 |
| host distribution does not limit the range of the tick ixodes ricinus but impacts the circulation of transmitted pathogens. | ticks, pathogens, and vertebrates interact in a background of environmental features that regulate the densities of ticks and vertebrates, affecting their contact rates and thence the circulation of the pathogens. regional scale studies are invaluable sources of information about the regulation of these interactions, but a large-scale analysis of the interaction of communities of ticks, hosts, and the environment has been never modeled. this study builds on network analysis, satellite-derived cl ... | 2017 | 29085806 |
| laboratory evaluation of the speed of kill of lotilaner (credelio™) against ixodes ricinus ticks on dogs. | with the geographical expansion of tick species and increased recognition of pathogens they transmit, there is a requirement for safe and rapidly effective control measures for dogs. lotilaner, a novel isoxazoline, is rapidly absorbed following administration of a flavored chewable tablet formulation (credelio™), providing at least 98% efficacy for at least 1 month following assessments at 48 h post-treatment, and following subsequent challenges. a study was conducted to determine the speed with ... | 2017 | 29089039 |
| laboratory evaluations of the immediate and sustained effectiveness of lotilaner (credelio™) against three common species of ticks affecting dogs in europe. | there is a continuing need for novel approaches to tick control in dogs. one such approach lies in the ability of lotilaner (credelio™), an isoxazoline with a rapid onset of action, to provide sustained efficacy against ticks. two studies were undertaken to confirm lotilaner's efficacy, at the minimum dose rate of 20 mg/kg, against the three most common tick species in europe. | 2017 | 29089050 |
| a randomized, controlled study to assess the efficacy and safety of lotilaner (credelio™) in controlling ticks in client-owned dogs in europe. | oral administration of lotilaner flavoured chewable tablets (credelio™, elanco) to dogs has been shown to provide a rapid onset of killing activity of infesting ticks, with sustained efficacy for at least 35 days. a study was undertaken in europe to confirm lotilaner's safety and anti-tick efficacy in client-owned dogs. | 2017 | 29089058 |
| an improved real-time pcr method to identify hybrids between ixodes persulcatus and ixodes ricinus ticks. | 2018 | 29089248 | |
| association of borrelia and rickettsia spp. and bacterial loads in ixodes ricinus ticks. | in recent years, awareness of coinfections has increased as synergistic or antagonistic effects on interacting bacteria have been observed. to date, several reports on coinfections of ticks with rickettsia and borrelia spp. are available. however, associations are rarely described and studies are based on rather low sample sizes. in the present study, coinfections of ixodes ricinus with these pathogens were investigated by determining their association in a meta-analysis. a total of 5079 tick sa ... | 2018 | 29103949 |
| granuloma annulare and morphea: correlation with borrelia burgdorferi infections and chlamydia-related bacteria. | a retrospective study of 109 skin biopsies with granuloma annulare (ga) or morphea histology from patients with suspected tick bite was performed. biopsies were tested for cutaneous borrelia burgdorferi dna using pcr. the same biopsies were analysed for tick-borne novel agents, chlamydia-related bacteria (members of the chlamydiales order), using a pcr-based method. borrelia dna was detected in 7/73 (9.6%) biopsies with ga and in 1/36 (2.8 %) biopsies with morphea, while chlamydiales dna was fou ... | 2017 | 29110020 |
| on the complexity of measuring forests microclimate and interpreting its relevance in habitat ecology: the example of ixodes ricinus ticks. | ecological field research on the influence of meteorological parameters on a forest inhabiting species is confronted with the complex relations between measured data and the real conditions the species is exposed to. this study highlights this complexity for the example of ixodes ricinus. this species lives mainly in forest habitats near the ground, but field research on impacts of meteorological conditions on population dynamics is often based on data from nearby official weather stations or oc ... | 2017 | 29110691 |
| multiple legumain isoenzymes in ticks. | by searching nucleotide databases for the north american lyme disease vector, ixodes scapularis, we have complemented the previously characterized european ixodes ricinus legumain irae1 with a full set of nine analogous genes (isae1-9). six of these were pcr confirmed as genes present in all tick genomes tested. the absolute mrna copy number examined by quantitative (q)pcr enabled expression profiling and an absolute comparison of mrna levels for individual i. scapularis (is)aes in tick tissues. ... | 2017 | 29113783 |
| prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in questing ixodes ricinus ticks in urban and suburban areas of switzerland. | throughout europe, ixodes ricinus transmits numerous pathogens. its widespread distribution is not limited to rural but also includes urbanized areas. to date, comprehensive data on pathogen carrier rates of i. ricinus ticks in urban areas of switzerland is lacking. | 2017 | 29121976 |
| vector-borne diseases and climate change: a european perspective. | climate change has already impacted the transmission of a wide range of vector-borne diseases in europe, and it will continue to do so in the coming decades. climate change has been implicated in the observed shift of ticks to elevated altitudes and latitudes, notably including the ixodes ricinus tick species that is a vector for lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis. climate change is also thought to have been a factor in the expansion of other important disease vectors in europe: aedes ... | 2018 | 29149298 |
| saliva of ixodes ricinus enhances tbe virus replication in dendritic cells by modulation of pro-survival akt pathway. | it has been suggested that tick saliva facilitates transmission of tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) to vertebrates. the mechanism of this facilitation has not been elucidated yet. since dendritic cells (dcs) are among first cells attacked by the virus, we examined the amount of virus and changes induced by saliva in tbev-infected dcs. we found that virus replication was significantly increased by saliva of ixodes ricinus tick. next, saliva-induced enhancement of akt pathway activation was ob ... | 2018 | 29156399 |
| ticks and the city - are there any differences between city parks and natural forests in terms of tick abundance and prevalence of spirochaetes? | ixodes ricinus ticks are commonly encountered in either natural or urban areas, contributing to lyme disease agents borreliella [(borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato)] spp. and borrelia miyamotoi enzootic cycles in cities. it is an actual problem whether urbanization affects pathogen circulation and therefore risk of infection. the aim of the study was to evaluate main tick-borne disease risk factors in natural, endemic areas of north-east (ne) poland (białowieża) and urban areas of central poland ... | 2017 | 29157278 |
| modeling co-infection of ixodes tick-borne pathogens. | ticks, including the ixodes ricinus and ixodes scapularis hard tick species, are regarded as the most common arthropod vectors of both human and animal diseases in europe and the united states capable of transmitting a large number of bacteria, viruses and parasites. since ticks in larval and nymphal stages share the same host community which can harbor multiple pathogens, they may be co-infected with two or more pathogens, with a subsequent high likelihood of co-transmission to humans or animal ... | 2017 | 29161862 |
| tick-borne transmission of murine gammaherpesvirus 68. | herpesviruses are a large group of dna viruses infecting mainly vertebrates. murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (mhv68) is often used as a model in studies of the pathogenesis of clinically important human gammaherpesviruses such as epstein-barr virus and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. this rodent virus appears to be geographically widespread; however, its natural transmission cycle is unknown. following detection of mhv68 in field-collected ticks, including isolation of the virus from tick sa ... | 2017 | 29164067 |
| a 10-year surveillance of rickettsiales (rickettsia spp. and anaplasma phagocytophilum) in the city of hanover, germany, reveals rickettsia spp. as emerging pathogens in ticks. | rickettsiales (rickettsia spp. and anaplasma phagocytophilum) transmitted by ticks are considered (re-)emerging pathogens posing a risk to public health. nevertheless, year-long monitoring studies on prevalences of these pathogens in questing ticks to contribute to public health risk assessment are rare. | 2017 | 29179774 |
| seasonal cycles of the tbe and lyme borreliosis vector ixodes ricinus modelled with time-lagged and interval-averaged predictors. | ticks of the species ixodes ricinus (l.) are the major vectors for tick-borne diseases in europe. the aim of this study was to quantify the influence of environmental variables on the seasonal cycle of questing i. ricinus. therefore, an 8-year time series of nymphal i. ricinus flagged at monthly intervals in haselmühl (germany) was compiled. for the first time, cross correlation maps were applied to identify optimal associations between observed nymphal i. ricinus densities and time-lagged as we ... | 2017 | 29181672 |
| borrelia miyamotoi: should this pathogen be considered for the diagnosis of tick-borne infectious diseases in spain? | borrelia miyamotoi is a tick-borne pathogen belonging to the relapsing fever group. it had not been reported from spain, but its wide distribution and the presence of the tick-vector (ixodes ricinus) made us suspect its circulation. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of borrelia spp. in i. ricinus in spain. | 2017 | 29187292 |
| ticks and bacterial tick-borne pathogens in piemonte region, northwest italy. | a molecular screening for tick-borne pathogens was carried out in engorged and in questing ticks collected in verbano cusio ossola county, piemonte region, italy. engorged ticks were removed from wild and domestic animal hosts. the most abundant and common tick species in the area was ixodes ricinus (192 adults, 907 nymphs). few individuals of ixodes hexagonus (15) and rhipicephalus sanguineus (7) were found among the ticks removed from domestic animals (46 examined ticks). the presence of ricke ... | 2017 | 29189951 |
| the effects of acaricide treatment of sheep on red grouse lagopus lagopus scotica tick burdens and productivity in a multi-host system. | ixodes ricinus (ixodida: ixodidae) ticks are of economic and pathogenic importance across europe. within the uplands of the u.k., management to reduce ticks is undertaken to benefit red grouse lagopus lagopus scotica (galliformes: phasianidae). management strategies focus on the acaricide treatment of domestic sheep ovis aries (artiodactyla: bovidae), but the effectiveness of this is less certain in the presence of wild hosts, particularly red deer cervus elaphus (artiodactyla: cervidae) and mou ... | 2017 | 29194726 |
| endosymbiosis and its significance in dermatology. | proposed at the beginning of the twentieth century to explain the origin of eukaryotic organelles from prokaryotes, endosymbiosis is now medically defined by various interaction patterns between microorganisms and their residing hosts, best exemplified by the bacterial endosymbiont wolbachia identified in arthropods and filarial nematodes, which can influence normal development, reproduction, survival and transmission of the hosts. based on the transmission modes, vertical or horizontal, and the ... | 2017 | 29194776 |
| behavioral asymmetries in ticks - lateralized questing of ixodes ricinus to a mechatronic apparatus delivering host-borne cues. | ticks are considered among the most dangerous arthropod vectors of disease agents to both humans and animals worldwide. lateralization contributes to biological fitness in many animals, conferring important functional advantages, therefore studying its role in tick perception would critically improve our knowledge about their host-seeking behavior. in this research, we evaluated if ixodes ricinus (l.) (ixodiidae) ticks have a preference in using the right or the left foreleg to climb on a host. ... | 2018 | 29196197 |
| climate change influences on the potential geographic distribution of the disease vector tick ixodes ricinus. | ixodes ricinus is a species of hard tick that transmits several important diseases in europe and north africa, including lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis. climate change is affecting the geographic distributions and abundances of arthropod vectors, which in turn influence the geographic distribution and epidemiology of associated vector-borne diseases. to date, few studies have investigated effects of climate change on the spatial distribution of i. ricinus at continental extents. he ... | 2017 | 29206879 |
| reduction in human lyme neuroborreliosis associated with a major epidemic among roe deer. | lyme neuroborreliosis is the most severe clinical manifestation of lyme borreliosis. in most of denmark, and also europe, the overall prevalence of lyme borreliosis seems to be stabilising. this is not the case on the island of funen, denmark, where the number of human lyme neuroborreliosis cases has markedly declined throughout the last decade. we propose the reason for the decline is a major epidemic among roe deer, killing almost half of their population, resulting in a reduction in the tick ... | 2017 | 29223586 |
| francisella tularensis and other bacteria in hares and ticks in north rhine-westphalia (germany). | tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium francisella tularensis. the disease can be transmitted to humans through contact with infected animals such as the european brown hare (lepus europaeus) and ticks as vectors. the aim of this study was to isolate f. tularensis from ticks and hares in north rhine-westphalia using cysteine heart agar to determine their genetic relatedness and to identify other bacteria that grow on this medium. 848 european brown hares and 1556 questing ticks ... | 2017 | 29239792 |