Publications

altered expression of cardiac ankyrin repeat protein and its homologue, ankyrin repeat protein with pest and proline-rich region, in atrophic muscles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.	cardiac ankyrin repeat protein, carp, is a protein that is restrictedly expressed in the heart but barely expressed in skeletal muscles. since carp is induced by pressure overload to the heart, it is proposed to be a genetic marker for cardiac hypertrophy. we recently identified a novel protein, ankyrin repeat protein with pest and proline-rich region (arpp), which is homologous to carp and is preferentially expressed in type 1 skeletal muscle fibers (cf. slow fibers). we also found that both ar ...	2002	12679596
aquatic hypoxia is an disrupter and impairs fish reproduction.	there is increasing concern that certain chemicals in the aquatic environment can disrupt endocrine systems, leading to reproductive impairment and threatening survival of wild populations of invertebrates, fish, bird, reptiles, and wildlife. for the first time, we report that hypoxia is also an endocrine disruptor and poses a significant threat to the reproduction and hence sustainability of fish populations. serum levels of testosterone, estradiol, and triiodothyronine significantly decreased ...	2003	12680666
the haemoflagellate trypanoplasma borreli induces the production of nitric oxide, which is associated with modulation of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) leucocyte functions.	in an attempt to characterise the role of nitric oxide (no) in immune responses of carp, carp leucocytes obtained during an acute t. borreli infection were examined, for their capacity to generate no. in a second set of experiments the impact no on viability of the parasite and on the modulation of functional carp leucocyte responses were tested in vitro. both in carp head-kidneys and in the peripheral blood, the fractions of lymphoblasts among separated leucocytes were increased. however, the r ...	2003	12681277
local expression of apolipoprotein a-i gene and a possible role for hdl in primary defence in the carp skin.	antimicrobial proteins and peptides play an important role in the primary defence of epithelial barriers in vertebrates and invertebrates. here we report the detection of the apolipoproteins a-i and a-ii in the epidermis and epidermal mucus of the carp (cyprinus carpio l.) by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. both apolipoproteins are major constituents of high density lipoprotein and have been shown to display antiviral and antimicrobial activity in mammals. therefore the aim of th ...	2003	12681280
[endurance ability of transgenic common carp under different environmental conditions].	this paper dealt with the endurance ability of transgenic common carp f3, and common carp under different environmental factors such as temperature, alkaline, and ph value. the results showed that there was no obvious difference of endurance abilities between transgenic common carp and common carp under the different environmental factors.	2002	12682991
detection and genetic analysis of group ii capsules in aeromonas hydrophila.	the genetic organization and sequences of the group ii capsule gene cluster of aeromonas hydrophila ppd134/91 have been determined previously. the purified capsular polysaccharides can increase the ability of avirulent strain ppd35/85 to survive in naive tilapia serum but have no inhibitory effect on the adhesion of ppd134/91 to carp epithelial cells. in this study, the presence of group ii capsules among 33 randomly chosen a. hydrophila strains was examined by electron microscopy and genetic an ...	2003	12686647
transduction of cultured fish cells with recombinant baculoviruses.	five fish cell lines were tested for their ability to be transduced by ac-calacz, a recombinant baculovirus that is capable of expressing a beta-galactosidase reporter gene from the cag promoter (consisting of a cytomegalovirus enhancer element, a chicken actin promoter and rabbit beta-globin termination sequences). to (tilapia ovary), epc (carp), chh-1 (chum salmon heart fibroblast) and chse-214 (chinook salmon embryo) cells were transducible, as demonstrated by an in situ beta-galactosidase as ...	2003	12692282
characterization of carbonic anhydrases from riftia pachyptila, a symbiotic invertebrate from deep-sea hydrothermal vents.	the symbiotic hydrothermal vent tubeworm riftia pachyptila needs to supply its internal bacterial symbionts with carbon dioxide, their inorganic carbon source. our aim in this study was to characterize the carbonic anhydrase (ca) involved in co(2) transport and conversion at various steps in the plume and the symbiotic tissue, the trophosome. a complete 1209 kb cdna has been sequenced from the trophosome and identified as a putative alpha-ca based on blast analysis and the similarities of total ...	2003	12696045
different capacities of carp leukocytes to encounter nitric oxide-mediated stress: a role for the intracellular reduced glutathione pool.	carp head kidney (hk) phagocytes can be stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (lps) to produce nitric oxide (no). high production of no can suppress the carp immune system. carp peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) are highly susceptible but hk phagocytes are relatively resistant to the immunosuppressive effects of no. this study demonstrates that the antioxidant glutathione plays an important role in the protection against nitrosative stress. carp hk phagocytes, especially the neutrophilic granulocytes ...	2013	12697312
occurrence of monogenea in italian freshwater fish (po river basin).	sixteen monogenean species were found on the skin and gills of 10 different fish species collected from north italian water bodies. cleidodiscus pricei from ictalurus melas; dactylogyrus alatus from alburnus alburnus; d. anchoratus, d. formosus and d. vastator from carassius carassius; d. difformis from scardinius erythrophthalmus; d. rutili from rutilus aula; d. tincae and gyrodactylus gasterostei from tinca tinca; d. ergensi from leuciscus cephalus and telestes muticellus; d. vistulae and para ...	2002	12701382
head kidney neutrophils of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) are functionally modulated by the haemoflagellatetrypanoplasma borreli.	in the present work responses of carp (cyprinus carpio) head kidney-derived neutrophils to the blood parasite t. borreli, and the consequences of these responses for parasite survival and other host response mechanisms, were studied. in co-cultures of head kidney leucocytes (hkl) with viable and lysed t. borreli a prominent shape change of neutrophilic granulocytes towards increased size and complexity was observed. in addition, the longevity of neutrophils in vitro was prolonged in the presence ...	2003	12711273
3-methylcholanthrene inhibits lymphocyte proliferation and increases intracellular calcium levels in common carp (cyprinus carpio l).	polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are an important class of environmental pollutants that are known to be carcinogenic and immunotoxic. many authors have focused on macrophage activities in fish exposed to pahs. however, fewer studies have reported decrease in specific immunity in such fish. we investigated the intracellular mechanisms by which the 3-methylcholanthrene (3-mc) decreased lymphocyte proliferation in carp. t- and b-lymphocyte proliferation induced by concanavalin a (con a) and ...	2003	12711420
sensitivity and selectivity of neurons in the medial region of the olfactory bulb to skin extract from conspecifics in crucian carp, carassius carassius.	to examine the functional subdivision of the teleost olfactory bulb, extracellular recordings were made from the posterior part of the medial region of the olfactory bulb in the crucian carp, carassius carassius. bulbar units classified as type i or type ii were frequently and simultaneously encountered at a recording site. type i units displayed a diphasic action potential (ap) with a relatively small amplitude, a short duration (rise time approximately 1 ms) and high spontaneous activity (2.5 ...	2003	12714440
effect of sub-lethal concentrations of endosulfan on hematological and serum biochemical parameters in the carp cyprinus carpio.		2003	12719826
a study of 110mag in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.	experiments on a simulated terrestrial agricultural ecosystem were carried out using the pot culture approach. the most representative plants in local vegetable gardens were selected to investigate the root uptake of (110m)ag. the results show that carrot, kale and flowering cabbage have the largest transfer factor values among the vegetables. flowering cabbage, as the most popular leafy vegetable in hong kong and the south china area, can be used as a biomonitor for radioisotope contamination i ...	2003	12720001
[the budget model of ecosystem of a shallow highly eutrophic lake].	a model of energy budget of lake bolshoi okunenok ecosystem was based on the data received during field studies from may through november 1986. the model takes into account 36 components including dissolved organic matter, bacteria, phytoplankton, zooplankton, meiobenthos, macrobenthos, fish, suspended and sediment detritus. the growing season has been divided into 16 intervals according to the number of observations. the balance equation for each live component describes the change in its bioma ...	2006	12723370
metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated hetero-synaptic interaction of red- and green-cone inputs to lhc of carp retina.	the role of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptor (mglur) on the interaction of red- and green-cone signals was investigated in luminosity-type horizontal cell (lhc) of isolated carp retina. it was found that a dim red background could enhance lhc's light response to green stimulus, and a dim green background was also able to increase the cell's response to red flash. such mutual color enhancement was eliminated by application of groups ii and iii mglur antagonist (s)-methyl-4-carboxypheny ...	2003	12725894
molecular cloning and expression analysis of a novel caspase recruitment domain protein (card) in common carp cyprinus carpio l.	a novel caspase recruitment domain protein (card) was isolated from common carp cyprinus carpio l. by expressed sequence tag analysis. this gene consist of a 2016 bp open reading frame and untranslated regions, which is putatively translated to a protein of 535 amino acid residues. the gene harbors domains (card and coiled-coil domain), which are conserved in proteins of card family. the card domain have carp was similar to human card9 with 72.4% identity. expression analysis revealed that card ...	2003	12727358
effect of cortisol treatment and/or sublethal copper exposure on copper uptake and heat shock protein levels in common carp, cyprinus carpio.	this study compared the effects of increased endogenous cortisol levels and/or sublethal cu exposure on cu accumulation and stress protein levels (hsp70) in the freshwater common carp, cyprinus carpio. fish were exposed to either increased levels of endogenous cortisol (200 ng/ml) or sublethal cu concentrations (1.9 microm, approximately 20% of the acute 96-h median lethal concentration [lc50]) alone or were pretreated by elevating plasma cortisol levels prior to cu exposure to evaluate whether ...	2003	12729223
investigation of acute toxicity and the effect of 2,4-d (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) herbicide on the behavior of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l., 1758; pisces, cyprinidae).	a 96-h lc(50) values of 2,4-d [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], a common contaminating agricultural herbicide, were determined on the adult common carp (cyprinus carpio l., 1758; pisces, cyprinidae). the study was conducted in two stages using 130 carp. the data obtained were statistically evaluated by the use of the epa computer program based on finney's probit analysis method and a 96-h lc(50) value for c. carpio l., 1758 was found to be 63.24 mg/l in a static bioassay test system. 95% lower ...	2003	12729702
screening toxicity study in young carp (cyprinus carpio l.) on feed amended with fumonisin b1.	fumonisin b1 (fb1) is one of several mycotoxins produced by fusarium moniliforme, a major fungal pathogen of corn and widely spread throughout the world. fb1 produces a wide range of biological effects, some of which are specific for particular organs or species and some are common to all investigated animals. in this study we have evaluated subchronic toxicosis features in young carp (cyprinus carpio l.) exposed to 0.5 and 5.0 mg fb1 kg(-1) body weight for 42 days through nutritionally balanced ...	2003	12733635
adenophostin a and imipramine are two activators of the olfactory inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated channel in fish olfatory cilia.	binding of an odorant to its receptor activates the camp-dependent pathway, and also leads to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (insp(3)) production. this induces opening of a plasma membrane channel in olfactory receptor cells (orcs). we investigated single-channel properties of this channel in the presence of a phospholipase c (plc) activator (imipramine) and of a potent activator of the insp(3)/ca(2+) release channel (adenophostin a) by reconstituting carp olfactory cilia into planar lipid bilayer ...	2003	12734698
functional changes of the lh-immunoreactive cells in adenohypophysis of the common carp (cyprinus carpio) from rivers contaminated with estrogenic chemicals.	the adverse effect of estrogenic chemicals on luteinizing hormone-immunoreactive (lh-ir) cells in the adenohypophysis of common carp (cyprinus carpio) was examined using immunocytochemical and morphometric methods. adult male fish were collected from two contaminated sites (ishizu and wada rivers) and from a control pond at agriculture, food and environmental sciences, research center of osaka prefecture. the concentration of nonylphenol, bisphenol a and 17beta-estradiol in the ishizu river was ...	2003	12736431
dopamine effect on the stimulus pattern related changes in response characteristics of r/g horizontal cells in carp retina.	repetitive red flashes increased the r/g horizontal cells' red response amplitude and induced a hyperpolarization of the cells' dark membrane potential. these phenomena were eliminated in 6-ohda pretreated retinas and restored by exogenous dopamine, which suggests the involvement of dopamine receptor activity changes instead of dopamine release changes. furthermore, the phenomena persisted on d(1) receptor antagonist (skf-83566) application, whereas they diminished on d(2) receptor antagonist (e ...	2003	12738062
cardiac-restricted ankyrin-repeated protein is differentially induced in duchenne and congenital muscular dystrophy.	cardiac ankyrin-repeated protein (carp) has been shown to associate with a transcription factor, yb-1, that may activate expression of the ventricular myosin light chain-2 gene during cardiogenesis. carp is induced in the adult hypertrophic heart subjected to pressure overload, suggesting that carp may play important functional roles in both embryonic and adult hearts. although carp expression was initially believed to be restricted to the heart, we found recently that carp is induced strongly i ...	2003	12746480
parasitic infections in freshwater ornamental fish in sri lanka.	a total of 1520 ornamental fish of 13 species from 26 export farms in sri lanka were collected between october 1999 and march 2000 and examined for parasites. fish species examined were guppy poecilia reticulata, goldfish carassius auratus, platy xiphophorus maculatus, molly poecilia sphenops, angel pterophyllum scalare, swordtail xiphophorus helleri, tetras hyphessobrycon species, barbs capeota and puntius spp., gourami colisa sp., carp cyprinus carpio, fighters betta spelendens and others (bra ...	2003	12747641
detection of myxobolus rotundus (myxozoa: myxosporea) in skin mucus of crucian carp carassius auratus auratus using a monoclonal antibody.	diagnosis of myxosporean myxobolus rotundus infection was conducted by examining skin mucus from the infected crucian carp carassius auratus auratus with a monoclonal antibody, mab 2d12, raised previously against the parasite. a positive reaction was observed in skin mucus collected from infected fish, and spores and pre-spore stages of the parasite were identified by the mab 2d12. it was also demonstrated that m. rotundus infection can be successfully detected by a simple method, enzyme-linked ...	2003	12747643
carp hepatopancreatic dnase i: biochemical, molecular, and immunological properties.	a survey of dnase i in nine different carp tissues showed that the hepatopancreas has the highest levels of both dnase i enzyme activity and gene expression. carp hepatopancreatic dnase i was purified 17,000-fold, with a yield of 29%, to electrophoretic homogeneity using three-step column chromatography. the purified enzyme activity was inhibited completely by 20 mm edta and a specific anti-carp dnase i antibody and slightly by g-actin. histochemical analysis using this antibody revealed the str ...	2003	12761174
does the lateral bundle of the medial olfactory tract mediate reproductive behavior in male crucian carp?	the olfactory tract in crucian carp (carassius carassius) is divided into three distinct bundles: the lateral tract (lot) and the lateral (lmot) and medial (mmot) bundles of the medial tract. the lot has been shown to mediate information associated with feeding behavior, whereas the mmot mediates information associated with alarm response. the role of the medial olfactory tract (lmot and mmot) in reproductive behavior is still under debate. in the present experiment, male reproductive behavior t ...	2003	12771016
regulation of branchial na(+)/k(+)-atpase in common carp cyprinus carpio l. acclimated to different temperatures.	isogenic carp cyprinus carpio l. were acclimated to water temperatures of 15, 22 and 29 degrees c for at least 8 weeks. the acclimations consistently resulted in slightly, but significantly, different plasma osmolality, sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations between the groups studied. plasma total and ionic calcium levels were unaffected, indicating successful adaptation. the apparent changes in set point for plasma ion levels are explained by altered sodium pump activity and hormonal co ...	2003	12771175
acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in brain and plasma of freshwater teleosts: cross-species and cross-family differences.	brain and plasma acetylcholinesterase (ache; ec 3.1.1.7) and plasma butyrylcholinesterase (bche; ec 3.1.1.8) specific activities were assayed in 16 freshwater teleosts belonging to four families: cyprinidae, percidae, esocidae and lotidae. brain ache activity varied among fish species approximately 15-fold, ranging from 138 to 2011 micromol/g per h. all cyprinids had higher brain ache activity than other fish families. plasma ache activity was on average 100-fold lower than that in brain, varyin ...	2003	12781973
[cross reactivity between fish and shellfish].	in spain, fish allergy represents 18 % of all cases of food allergy in children while reactions caused by crustacea and mollusks account for 3.8 % and 1.6 % respectively. cross-reactivity is defined as the recognition of distinct antigens by the same ige antibody, demonstrable by in vivo and in vitro tests, which clinically manifests as reactions caused by antigens homologous to different species. subclinical sensitization can also occur, giving rise to patients sensitized to particular fish or ...	2009	12783765
flow cytometric analysis of the neutrophil respiratory burst of ayu, plecoglossus altivelis: comparison with other fresh water fish.	neutrophils of vertebrates undergo respiratory burst activity (rba) as a defense mechanism against bacterial infections. we report here that ayu (plecoglossus altivelis) have unusually high rbas even when they are in a healthy condition. kidney and blood leukocytes were obtained from ayu, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), carp (cyprinus carpio), eel (anguilla japonica), and pond smelt (hypomesus nipponensis). neutrophil rba was measured by flow cytometry using dihydrorhodamine after stimulati ...	2003	12787685
vitellogenin in carp (cyprinus carpio) and perch (perca fluviatilis): purification, characterization and development of an elisa for the detection of estrogenic effects.	vitellogenin (vtg), a phospholipoglycoprotein precursor of egg yolk is synthesized and secreted in the liver in response to circulating estrogens in female fish. thus, the presence of vtg in male fish is a useful biomarker to identify estrogenic activity of natural or anthropogenic substances in sewage effluents. we report the purification of carp (cyprinus carpio) and perch (perca fluviatilis) vtg with the subsequent development and characterization of a specific elisa for vtg measurement. vtg ...	2003	12798095
immunocytochemical characterization of adenohypophyseal cells in the greater weever fish (trachinus draco).	the adenohypophysis of the greater weever fish (trachinus draco) was studied using histochemical and immunocytochemical methods. the adenohypophysis comprised the rostral pars distalis (rpd), the proximal pars distalis (ppd), and the pars intermedia (pi). neurohypophysis showed a patent hypophyseal stalk which was divided into several branches intermingled with the adenohypophysis. salmon prolactin (prl)-immunoreactive (ir) cells, arranged in follicles, resided in the rpd and the most rostral pa ...	2003	12798126
subcellular distribution of ryanodine receptors in the cardiac muscle of carp (cyprinus carpio).	we examined the subcellular localization of ryanodine receptors (ryr) in the cardiac muscle of carp using biochemical, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic methods and compared it with those of rats and guinea pigs. to achieve this goal, an anti-ryr antibody was newly raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to an amino acid sequence that was conserved among all sequenced ryrs. western blot analysis using this antibody detected a single ryr band following the sds-page of sarcopl ...	2003	12805094
physicochemical and physiological properties of 5alpha-cyprinol sulfate, the toxic bile salt of cyprinid fish.	5alpha-cyprinol sulfate was isolated from bile of the asiatic carp, cyprinus carpio. 5alpha-cyprinol sulfate was surface active and formed micelles; its critical micellization concentration (cmc) in 0.15 m na+ using the maximum bubble pressure device was 1.5 mm; by dye solubilization, its cmc was approximately 4 mm. at concentrations >1 mm, 5alpha-cyprinol sulfate solubilized monooleylglycerol efficiently (2.1 molecules per mol micellar bile salt). when infused intravenously into the anesthetize ...	2003	12810826
autoradiographic distribution of neuropeptide y binding sites in the brain of the carp cyprinus carpio l. (cyprinidae, teleostei).	the present study reports the distribution of neuropeptide y (npy)-binding sites in the brain of the adult carp cyprinus carpio l. radioiodinated npy was used as tracer in the autoradiographic procedure. the npy-binding sites (npy-bs) were widely distributed in the carp brain. generally, a good match was observed between the distribution of npy-bs and the distribution of npy-immunoreactive (npy-ir) elements previously reported in the forebrain of the carp. low to moderate concentration of npy-bs ...	2003	12814784
[effect of adrenaline on amylolytic activity of intestinal mucose, glycemia level, glycogen concentration in tissues of carp carassius auratus and carp carassius carassius].		2013	12815969
identification and characterization of a cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory protein-1 as a novel mediator of apoptosis signaling by retinoid cd437.	cd437, a novel retinoid, causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a number of cancer cells including human breast carcinoma (hbc) by utilizing an undefined retinoic acid receptor/retinoid x receptor-independent mechanism. to delineate mediators of cd437 signaling, we utilized a random antisense-dependent functional knockout genetic approach. we identified a cdna that encodes approximately 130-kda hbc cell perinuclear protein (termed carp-1). treatments with cd437 or chemotherapeutic agent adria ...	2003	12816952
expansion of genes encoding complement components in bony fish: biological implications of the complement diversity.	the complement system is a major humoral component of vertebrate defenses for tagging and killing target microorganisms. recent molecular analyses have uncovered a striking feature of bony fish complement, namely that several complement components are encoded by multiple genes. in this review, the structural diversity of c3, c4, c5, factor b, c2, c1r/s and masp are discussed with special reference to their functional differentiation, mainly focusing on the common carp (cyprinus carpio), a tetrap ...	2003	12818633
immunohistochemical study of the endocrine cells in the pancreas of the carp, cyprinus carpio (cyprinidae).	the regional distribution and relative frequency of some endocrine cells in the pancreas of the carp, cyprinus carpio linnaeus, belonging to the family cyprinidae in the order cypriniformes, were observed using specific mammalian antisera against insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and human pancreatic polypeptide (hpp) by peroxidase antiperoxidase (pap) method. the pancreas was divided into four regions (principal and secondary islets, exocrine and pancreatic duct regions). in addition, the pancrea ...	2002	12819380
effects of fish introduction on the length of the tail of cryptomonads in mesocosm experiments.	two different morphs of the small cryptomonad, plagioselmis prolonga var. nordica with a posterior tail, were observed during summer and fall in the hypertrophic lake, lake kasumigaura, japan. the tail shortened in mesocosms stocked with planktivorous silver carp ( hypophthalmichthys molitrix val.) and elongated by more than 50% in mesocosms from which silver carp were removed. the density of plagioselmis cells increased significantly upon fish stocking and decreased upon fish removal. the tail ...	2003	12820066
peculiar gene organisation and incomplete splicing of sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax l) interleukin-1beta.	in this paper we describe the gene organisation of sea bass dicentrarchus labrax interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) and the presence of incompletely spliced forms of this gene. interestingly, the sea bass il-1beta gene comprises five exons and four introns, thus being remarkably different from other known teleost and mammalian genes. the sizes of the introns were typically much shorter than in mammals and this feature, together with the loss of two introns, gave a much smaller gene than in mammals (2. ...	2003	12823998
study of estrogenic effects on carp (cyprinus carpio) exposed to sewage treatment plant effluents.	to investigate whether male carp (cyprinus carpio) are really feminized by estrogen-like substances in effluent from sewage treatment plants (stps) in japan, exposure tests were performed using carp in water tanks that were receiving effluent from a stp. during eight weeks of exposure, we had measured their serum vitellogenin (vtg), a precursor of yolk protein specific for females that is synthesized in their liver by estrogen-like substances and that is, therefore, a biomarker of feminization. ...	2003	12830946
the effect of high dose of cortisol on glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activity, and glucose and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate concentration in carp tissues (cyprinus carpio l.).	the effect of a high dose of cortisol (200 mg kg(-1) body mass) on juvenile carp was investigated. the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase in liver and of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in liver, kidney and muscle, the serum glucose and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate concentration as well as the serum concentration of the injected hormone were measured after 24, 72 and 216 h after intraperitoneal cortisol injection. the activities of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in liver and kidney and glucose-6-phosphatas ...	2003	12831768
recent duplication of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) genome as revealed by analyses of microsatellite loci.	genome duplications may have played a role in the early stages of vertebrate evolution, near the time of divergence of the lamprey lineage. additional genome duplication, specifically in ray-finned fish, may have occurred before the divergence of the teleosts. the common carp (cyprinus carpio) has been considered tetraploid because of its chromosome number (2n = 100) and its high dna content. we studied variation using 59 microsatellite primer pairs to better understand the ploidy level of the c ...	2003	12832638
clonal diversity in the japanese silver crucian carp, carassius langsdorfii inferred from genetic markers.	the japanese silver crucian carp, carassius langsdorfii, is a naturally polyploid fish that reproduces by gynogenesis, resulting in a geographically clustered clonal population. to determine the amount of clonal diversity in this species, we used genetic markers to compare fish from several japanese locations. samples were collected from lake kasumigaura (ibaraki pref.), lake imba (chiba pref.), lake fukushimagata (niigata pref.), lake biwa (shiga pref.), lake koyama (tottori pref.), and the niy ...	2003	12832833
myocardial revascularization before carotid endarterectomy.	diffuse atherosclerosis involving more than 1 vascular bed is a challenging problem. the natural histories of carotid and coronary atherosclerosis are clearly intertwined. the optimal strategies for treatment of patients who present with carotid artery stenoses and co-existent coronary artery disease (cad) remain controversial. minimally invasive screening tests for cad are often unreliable, and patients presenting with significant extracranial carotid artery stenoses should usually be assumed t ...	2003	12832990
gadolinium, a mechano-sensitive channel blocker, inhibits osmosis-initiated motility of sea- and freshwater fish sperm, but does not affect human or ascidian sperm motility.	exposure to hypo-osmotic or hyperosmotic environment triggers the initiation of fish sperm motility. in this article, we report that calcium and potassium channel blockers do not influence motility of puffer fish sperm but calmodulin antagonists reversibly decrease it, suggesting that calmodulin-ca(2+) interactions are prerequisite for the initiation of sperm motility in this species. gadolinium (a stretch activated ion channel blocker) decreased the motility of puffer fish sperm from 92 +/- 3% ...	2003	12845597
stability and emulsion-forming ability of water-soluble fish myofibrillar protein prepared by conjugation with alginate oligosaccharide.	carp myofibrillar protein (mf) was conjugated with alginate oligosaccharide (ao) through the maillard reaction under low relative humidity, and the functional properties of the mf-ao conjugate were investigated under different nacl concentrations and ph levels. mf became highly solubilized at lower nacl concentrations by conjugation with ao, with a slight loss of available lysine. the thermal stability of mf was effectively improved by conjugation with ao. heat treatment at 80 degrees c for 2 h ...	2003	12848513
evaluating the radiation of the pomc gene in teleosts: characterization of american eel pomc.	a distinctive feature of the pituitary hormone precursor, proopiomelanocortin (pomc), is the presence of multiple melanocortin core sequences (hfrw), and one copy of the opioid, beta-endorphin. in the older lineages of ray-finned fish (i.e., orders acipenseriformes and semionotiformes), certain extant lobe-finned fish (australian lungfish and african lungfish), and the tetrapods there are three melanocortin regions in pomc: acth/alphamsh, beta-msh, and gamma-msh. however, among the teleosts, the ...	2003	12849961
group ii metabotropic glutamate receptors regulate the vulnerability to hypoxic brain damage.	we examined the expression of metabotropic glutamate (mglu) receptors in species of fish that differ for their vulnerability to anoxic brain damage. although expression of mglu1a and mglu5 receptors was similar in the brain of all species examined, expression of mglu2/3 receptors was substantially higher in the brain of anoxia-tolerant species (i.e., the carp carassius carassius and the goldfish carassius auratus) than in the brain of species that are highly vulnerable to anoxic damage, such as ...	2003	12853420
the structure of the pineal complex in a common indian teleost, catla catla: evidence for pineal-induced inhibition of testicular function within an annual reproductive cycle.	the structure of the pineal complex and the annual reproductive cycle in a major indian carp, catla catla, were investigated in the present study. additionally, given the well-known inhibitory effects of the pineal on reproductive function in mammals, attempts were made to investigate whether or not the pineal exerts an inhibitory influence on reproductive function in this piscine species as well. sexually adult animals were utilized in all experiments. the cytomorphology of the pineal complex a ...	2003	12856801
multi-element speciation of metalloproteins in fish tissue using size-exclusion chromatography coupled "on-line" with icp-isotope dilution-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry.	an on-line isotope dilution (id) method in combination with the coupling of size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (se-hplc) to an axial inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometer (icp-tofms) was applied to the quantitative speciation of cu, zn and cd in carp and eel cytosols. quantitative information on the distribution of essential and toxic metals between the different molecular weight fractions in kidney cytosols of control and cd exposed carp was obtained wit ...	2003	12866883
molecular identification and expression analysis of tumor necrosis factor in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus).	a tumor necrosis factor (tnf) alpha-like gene, encoding a propeptide of 230 amino acids and a mature (soluble) peptide of 162 amino acids, was identified in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). while the catfish protein shared features in common with both mammalian tnfalpha and tnfbeta homologs, overall sequence identity/similarity was slightly higher vs. tnfalpha genes when mature tnf sequences were compared. phylogenetic analysis placed catfish and other fish tnf sequences within their own c ...	2003	12880635
the immune response of carp to trypanoplasma borreli: kinetics of immune gene expression and polyclonal lymphocyte activation.	although trypanoplasma borreli induces the production of non-specific antibodies, survival of infection is associated with the production of t. borreli specific antibodies, able to lyse this parasite in the presence of complement. during the lag phase of this acquired immune response, innate immune mechanisms must limit multiplication of t. borreli. a heat-labile fraction of t. borreli together with cpg motifs in the dna of this parasite are responsible for the induction of nitric oxide (no) and ...	2003	12880636
cxc chemokines and leukocyte chemotaxis in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	cxc chemokines, structurally recognizable by the position of four conserved cysteine residues, are prominent mediators of chemotaxis. here we report a novel carp cxc chemokine obtained through homology cloning and compare it with fish orthologues genes and with a second, recently elucidated, carp cxc chemokine. phylogenetic analyses clearly show that neither cxc chemokine resembles any of the mammalian cxc chemokines in particular. however, basal expression is most prominent in immune organs lik ...	2003	12880637
[larvicidal action of liquid nitrogen against metacercariae of clonorchis sinensis]	the author investigated the larvicidal action of liquid nitrogen against the metacercariae of clonorchis sinensis, with an observation on the freshness and change of taste in the flesh of fishes. the results obtained were as follows: the metacercariae in the flesh of pseudorasbora parva, which were treated with liquid nitrogen (-192c), were not killed within 10 seconds, but completely killed over 30 seconds. in comparison, the metacercariae in the flesh of p. parva kept in a refrigerator (-12c) ...	1987	12886062
[studies on the metagonimus fluke in the daecheong reservoir and the upper stream of geum river, korea]	the prevalences of the fluke belonging to genus metagonimus have been reported along the upper stream of inhabitants by several workers since 1980, however the taxonomical problems of the fluke was not yet settled. the larval flukes; cercaria and metacercaria as well as their intermediate hosts, and adult were studied in order to identify the metagonimus in the areas. the results obtained are summarized as follows: the snails, semisulcospira globus were collected from the three different localit ...	1987	12886084
trachelobdella sinensis blanchard, 1896 found from cyprinus carpio nudus in korea.	trachelobdella sinensis was found in cyprinus carpio nudus. the morphological chararacteristics were described. it is the first record of trachelobdella sinensis in korea(summarized from text).	1986	12886101
evaluation of a vector-control strategy of haemorrhagic thelohanellosis in carp, caused by thelohanellus hovorkai (myxozoa).	the life cycle of thelohanellus hovorkai (myxozoa), the causative agent of haemorrhagic thelohanellosis of carp cyprinus carpio, involves the alternate oligochaete host branchiura sowerbyi, which plays the role of vector in the parasite's transmission. field investigations in carp farms suggested that oligochaete fauna were closely associated with the substrate type of the pond. the pond bottom in the enzootic farm consisted of clay soil and soft sediments comprised of organic mud, in which b. s ...	2003	12887252
a record of diplozoon nipponicum goto, 1891 found from cyprinus carpio nudus in korea.	diplozoon nipponicum, a monogenean trematode from cyprinus carpio was described according to the characteristic findings of x-form adult, metrical data, and presence of a pair of sticky glands. it is the first record of the presence of diplozoon nipponicum in korea.	1985	12888679
[the wormicidal substance of fresh water fishes on clonorchis sinensis v. purification and chemical characterization of clonorchicidal substance from epidermal mucus of cyprinus carpio]	as a series of studies to clarify clonorchicidal substances in body surface mucus of some fresh-water fishes, the substance in the epidermal mucus of cyprinus carpio was isolated by silica gel column and thin layer chromatography and analyzed for its chemical nature. wormicidal trial was done in vitro, and the results obtained are summarized as follows: the mucus was extracted by ethyl ether and separated into 4 fractions by column chromatography using benzene as solvent. the second fraction wit ...	1984	12891042
seasonal effects on clonorchicidal substances from epidermal mucus of cyprinus carpio, ophicephalus argus and parasilurus asotus.		1984	12891043
molecular cloning of g type lysozyme cdna in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).		2003	12892747
responses of antioxidant systems in the hepatocytes of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) to the toxicity of microcystin-lr.	the freshwater, bloom-forming cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) microcystis aeruginosa produces a peptide hepatotoxin, which causes the damage of animal liver. recently, toxic microcystis blooms frequently occur in the eutrophic dianchi lake (300 km2 and located in the south-western of china). microcystin-lr from microcystis in dianchi was isolated and purified by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and its toxicity to mouse and fish liver was studied (li et al., 2001). in this study, s ...	2003	12893065
tissue- and stressor-specific differential expression of two hsc70 genes in carp.	two genes expressing 70 kda heat shock proteins were identified in cyprinus carpio. the sequence similarities and the intron-interrupted structure of the coding regions indicate that carp hsc70-1 and hsc70-2 belong to the hsp70 cognate subfamily. the expressions of the two hsc70 genes were followed by semi-quantitative rt-pcr. both genes are expressed under unstressed conditions in a characteristic tissue-specific manner. inducibility of the response to elevated temperature, cold shock, and cd t ...	2003	12893250
[infestation of larval trematodes from fresh-water fish and brackish-water fish in river taechong, kyungpook province, korea]	a study of infestation patterns for larval trematodes from fresh-water fish and brackish-water fish was carried out during the period from june to october in 1982. they were collected by netting, fishing with rod and line, and using the bait of crushed oil cake in a transparent plastic bowls at the three localities, daebon-dong, kugil-dong, and hoam-dong in the river taechong, kyungpook province, korea. five species of fresh-water fish, the crussian carp, carassius carassius linnaeus, the bullhe ...	1983	12902663
[experimental infection of clonorchis sinensis to cyprinus carpio nudus]	as a part of observation on the suitability as a second intermediate host of clonorchis sinensis, various infection experiments were tried to cyprinus carpio nudus. the results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. the cercariae which attempted to contact with cyprinus carpio nudus in the water were observed under the stereomicroscope. after contact, cercariae began to separate its tails from the bodies at 4 minutes increasingly, and then the number ranged to 80 percent at 13 minutes after the ...	1983	12902664
[the wormicidal substance of fresh water fishes on clonorchis sinensis: iv. preliminary research on the wormicidal substance from mucus of cyprinus carpio nudus]	as a series of studies on the suitability as a second intermediate host of clonorchis sinensis, the wormicidal effects of mucus from epidermis of cyprinus carpio nudus were observed. the results obtained were summarized as follows: on the silica gel thin layer chromatography with the greenish yellow supernatant in acetone:benzene/10 : 90 as carrier, seven spots were observed in iodine chamber. the spot of rf. 0.225 value among them disclosed the strongest wormicidal effect on the cercaria, the e ...	1983	12902665
clavate cells of epidermis in cyprinus carpio nudus with reference to its defence activity to clonorchis sinensis.		1982	12902691
[the wormicidal substances of fresh water fishes on clonorchis sinensis: ii. preliminary research on the wormicidal substances from mucous substances of various fresh water fishes]	the present work which was investigated in july 1979, was to observe the wormicidal effects of the external mucous substances of 9 species of fresh water fishes (cyprinus carpio, parasilurus asotus, anguilla japonica, ophicephalus argus, carassius carassius; golden crusian carp, misgurnus anguillicaudatus, zacco platypus, pseudorasbora parva and carassius carassius; crusian carp) on cercaria, liberated metacercaria and adult of clonorchis sinensis. the mucous substances extracted by ether from t ...	1980	12902746
genetic divergence between cyprinus carpio carpio and cyprinus carpio haematopterus as assessed by mitochondrial dna analysis, with emphasis on origin of european domestic carp.	although common carp is the major fish species in asian and european aquaculture and many domestic varieties have occurred, there is a controversy about the origination of european domestic common carp. some scientists affirmed that the ancestor of european domestic common carp was danube river wild common carp, but others considered it might be asian common carp. for elucidating origination of european domestic common carp, we chose two representative european domestic common carp strains (germ ...	2003	12903751
[compound epsps and action potential of mauthner cell evoked by skin stimulation in crucian carp].	to investigate the effects of afferent excitatory inputs from skin on the excitability of mauthner cell (m cell) of crucian carp.	2001	12905874
molecular cloning, expression of orange-spotted grouper goose-type lysozyme cdna, and lytic activity of its recombinant protein.	lysozyme acts as a non-specific innate-immunity molecule against the invasion of bacteria pathogens. a leukocyte cdna library of orange-spotted grouper epinephelus coioides was constructed and the goose-type (g-type) lysozyme cdna was isolated. the complete cdna consists of an open reading frame of 585 bp encoding a protein of 194 amino acids. this protein shows a 72.2% amino acid sequence identity with the flounder g-type lysozyme. similar to most other species, the glu catalytic residue in g-t ...	2003	12911059
[experimental studies on the second intermediate hosts of clonorchis sinensis: iii. observations on the relationship between clavate cells of epidermis and infectivity of metacercariae of clonorchis sinensis in fresh-water fish]	in order to know relationship between the clavate cells of epidermis and infectivity of metacercariae of c. sinensis. histological investigation of epidermis was carried out on the 26 species of fresh-water fish collected from the main rivers in korea. results were summarized as it follows: 1. in general clavate cell had a single nucleus at its center. however it was observed in liobagrus mediadiposalis and pelteobagrus fuluidraco that clavate cell had two nuclei with and independent so-called l ...	1974	12913471
[studies on the experimental mode of infections of clonorchis sinensis: ii. experimental infection of clonorchis sinensis cercaria to fry of fresh water fishes]	cercariae of clonorchis sinensis were attempted to penetrate into various fry of fresh water fishes in order to examine the conditions of infection and the further development in the fish. the following conclusions were made. 1. cercariae of c. sinensis penetrated into the muscle of the fry of pseudorasbora parva were found to be able to develop. 2. cercariae penetrated into the fry of pseudorasbora parva migrated into the organs of the fry to kill their host. 3. from each dead individual of p. ...	1964	12913594
[studies on the experimental mode of infections of clonorchis sinensis: iii. studies on the wormicidal effect of external mucous substance of some fresh water fish on the larva of clonorchis sinensis]	the author reported in the previous pager on his observation of sudden death of clonorchis sinensis cercaria before penetration into the body of fry such as cyprinus carpio and carassius auratus. and in these studies, the reason behind the fact was investigated and it was found that the mucous substances on the surface of a certain fishes have a strong wormicidal effect to the larva of c. sinensis. 1. when cercariae of c. sinensis were immersed into the mucous substance of gold fish for three mi ...	1964	12913595
[the chromosome number and gonadal structure of f9-f11 allotetraploid crucian-carp].	in this paper, the chromosome number of f9-f11 hybridis of red crucian (carassius auratus) x common carp(cryprinus carpio) was examined by means of kidney cell-pha culture. the results showed that f9-f11 allotetraploids possessed 200 chromosomes, with the karyotype formula 44 m + 68 sm + 44 st + 44 t, which were the same as the data indicated in f3-f8 allotetraploids. both female and male of f9-f11 allotetraploids had the normal ovaries and testes that were able to produce the normal dipoid ova ...	2003	12924154
3,4-dichloroaniline-induced oxidative stress in liver of crucian carp (carassius auratus).	3,4-dichloroaniline (dca) and its analogs are widely used as chemical intermediates in the synthesis of herbicides, azo dyes, and pharmaceuticals. they bring danger to growth, development, and propagation of aquatic organisms. the purpose of this study was to show dca-induced oxidative stress response in liver of crucian carp (carassius auratus). superoxide dismutase (sod), malondialdehyde (mda), glutathione (gsh), nitric oxide (no), and no synthase (nos) in liver were measured in crucian carp a ...	2003	12927556
short-term storage of oocytes from the neotropical teleost fish prochilodus marggravii.	the loss of oocyte viability after ovulation is one of the limiting factors in controlled reproduction of several fish species. experiments were performed with 15 feral prochilodus marggravii female fish induced to spawn with crude carp pituitary extract to evaluate the viability of oocytes retained within the ovarian cavity (in situ storage) and outside of the ovarian cavity (ex situ storage). because fertility rates rapidly declined after ovulation, simultaneously with an increase in the numbe ...	2003	12935846
[excitatory postsynaptic potential evoked by stimulation of the ventrolateral region of the cerebellum in crucian carp mauthner cell].	in the present experiments, the characteristics of the electrical responses to stimulation of the cerebellum in crucian carp mauthner cell were explored with microeletrode intracellular recording technique. a composite excitatory postsynaptic potential (cerebellum-evoked epsp) could be induced from the soma, the ventral dendrite and the proximal end of the lateral dendrite in crucian carp mauthner cell (m-cell) on either side by stimulation of the ventrolateral region of the cerebellum. the cere ...	2003	12937828
[cloning of hemoglobin alpha-chain cdna sequences from five fishes in cypriniformes].	oxygen content in water is one of the limit factors to the fish growing. the tolerance of fish to low oxygen content depends on the affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen. the tempt of transgenic fish study is to transfer hemoglobin gene from the fish that tolerates to low oxygen content in water to the fish sensitive to low oxygen condition. therefore, using hemoglobin gene to breed new varieties may become a main trend in the near future. to explore the underline mechanisms for the variation of hemo ...	2003	12939797
molecular cloning of a novel bactericidal permeability-increasing protein/lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (bpi/lbp) from common carp cyprinus carpio l. and its expression.	a novel bactericidal permeability-increasing protein/lipopolysaccharide (lps)-binding protein (bpi/lbp) was isolated from common carp cyprinus carpio l. by est analysis. this gene showed structural similarity with bpi/lbp gene in mammals. the isolated gene was composed of 1638 bp, which translated to a protein of 473 amino acid residues. the predicted signal peptide was 18 amino acid residues and the lps-binding domain is conserved in this sequence consisted of residues 57-121 amino acid residue ...	2003	12943799
differential expression and haplotypic variation of two interleukin-1beta genes in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) is a central component in innate immunity and the inflammatory response of mammals. only recently, the first non-mammalian il-1beta sequences were published. in this study, we describe a second il-1beta sequence (il-1beta2) in carp with 74% amino acid identity to the carp il-1beta1 sequence. the existence of two il-1beta copies in the carp genome probably originates from the tetraploid nature of the species. in contrast to the first carp il-1beta sequence, il-1beta2 ...	2003	12946102
comparative responses of molluscs and fish to environmental estrogens and an estrogenic effluent.	it is now well established that there is a diverse array of chemicals discharged into the environment that can mimic or antagonise the action of hormones. these endocrine-disrupting chemicals (edcs) can thus interact with physiological systems and cause alterations in development, growth and reproduction in wildlife that are exposed to them. as yet, however, there is little information on the relative sensitivities of different wildlife groups to these chemicals and/or mixtures of them (e.g. est ...	2003	12946619
from aquaculture goals to real social and ecological impacts: carp introduction in rural central mexico.	aquaculture has been seen as a solution to food/protein availability in rural populations of poor countries. it is mainly based on exotic species, that produce changes in host system dynamics once introduced. aquaculture not only changes the ecology of freshwater systems, but can also lead to modification of social relations. until now, aquaculture programs have not been adequately analyzed no questioned enough. we evaluate both ecological effects and local social benefits of common carp aquacul ...	2003	12956589
structural and biochemical characterization of a new type of lectin isolated from carp eggs.	a previously unidentified glycoprotein present in the eggs of the carp ( cyprinus carpio ) was isolated and structurally characterized. the protein binds to a sepharose 4b matrix and can be eluted with 0.4 m n -acetylglucosamine. the protein has an apparent molecular mass of 26686.3 da. on the basis of gel-filtration chromatography, the protein appears to be present in solution as a monomer. the sequence of its 238 amino acids, the position of its four disulphide bridges and the composition of i ...	2003	12956625
reproduction phase-related expression of gnrh-like immunoreactivity in the olfactory receptor neurons, their projections to the olfactory bulb and in the nervus terminalis in the female indian major carp cirrhinus mrigala (ham.).	the reproductive biology of the indian major carp cirrhinus mrigala is tightly synchronized with the seasonal changes in the environment. while the ovaries show growth from february through june, the fish spawn in july-august to coincide with the monsoon; thereafter the fish pass into the postspawning and resting phases. we investigated the pattern of gnrh immunoreactivity in the olfactory system at regular intervals extending over a period of 35 months. although no signal was detected in the ol ...	2003	12957480
rhabdoviruses and apoptosis.	viral-induced apoptosis is recognized as a common method utilized by viruses to overcome the host. recent evidence indicates that infection by rhabdoviruses such as vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), spring viremia of carp virus (svcv), and rabies virus results in apoptotic cell death. similar morphological changes and host cell proteins are induced in cells infected with these different viruses; however, the viral proteins responsible for these changes vary. in addition, the molecular mechanism( ...	2003	12959754
hypoxia induces adaptive and reversible gross morphological changes in crucian carp gills.	we show that crucian carp (carassius carassius) living in normoxic (aerated) water have gills that lack protruding lamellae, the primary site of o(2) uptake in fish. such an unusual trait leads to a very small respiratory surface area. histological examination showed that the lamellae (secondary lamellae) of these fish were embedded in a cell mass (denoted embedded lamellae). when the fish were kept in hypoxic water, a large reduction in this cell mass occurred, making the lamellae protrude and ...	2003	12966058
alkylphenol and alkylphenol-ethoxylates in carp, water, and sediment from the cuyahoga river, ohio.	the occurrence of alkylphenol and alkylphenol ethoxylates (apes) was determined over a 74-mile length of the cuyahoga river, ohio. measurable levels of both the octyl and nonyl forms of these abundantly used nonionic surfactants were observed with the nonylphenol (np) plus nonylphenol ethoxylates (npes) typically accounting for greater than 90% of the total apes in each sample. for all media (water, fish, and sediment) the total npe (np + npe) concentrations were higher in the more urbanized dow ...	2003	12967092
quantification of common carp (cyprinus carpio) igf-i and igf-ii mrna by real-time pcr: differential regulation of expression by gh.	igfs are potent mitogens for many different cell types and play important roles in growth and development. a multitude of regulatory factors modulate the expression of igfs. in some teleosts, liver igf-i expression has been demonstrated to depend on the presence of gh. however, the gh dependence of igf-ii expression in teleosts is controversial. moreover, most igf expression studies in bony fish have been focused on the liver, and information on extrahepatic tissues are conflicting and inconsist ...	2003	12967342
isolation and characterisation of pentraxin-like serum proteins from the common carp cyprinus carpio.	there is increasing economic and ecological interest in the development of assays for the early detection of infection, disease activity and environmental stress in marine and freshwater animals. in humans the serum pentraxin c-reactive protein (crp) is universally used as a clinical indicator of inflammation and underlying infection. as a first step towards assessing the potential of an immunoassay for crp in fish, we have isolated and characterised common carp cyprinus carpio crp and a highly ...	2004	12969797
[magnesium anesthesia of the moor carp].		1952	12986746
[effect of variations of temperature on osmoregulation of small carp in fresh and salt water].		1952	12998300
[effect of fatness of carp on dynamics of his parasitic fauna].		1952	12998533
myoglobin from carp muscle.		1953	13036887
[development of the intestinal mucosa of the carp].		1952	13039413