Publications

oligosaccharin and aba synergistically affect the acquisition of freezing tolerance in winter wheat.	in this paper, we continue our studies of the previously discovered [o.a. zabotina, d.a. ayupova, o.n. larskaya, o.n. nikolaeva, g.i. petrovicheva, a.i. zabotin, physiologically active oligosaccharides, accumulating in the roots of winter wheat during adaptation to low temperature, russian journal of plant physiology 45 (1998) 262] oligosaccharin (physiologically active oligosaccharide) gxag, which stimulates the acquisition of freezing tolerance in winter varieties of triticum aestivum l. the t ...	2009	19467881
physical-chemical analysis of non-polyphenol oxidase (non-ppo) darkening in yellow alkaline noodles.	darkening in yellow alkaline noodles (yan) was measured over 24 h in a high polyphenol oxidase (ppo) bread wheat ( triticum aestivum l. cv. tasman) and a very low ppo durum wheat ( triticum durum cv. kamilaroi). over 24 h non-ppo darkening occurred across a range of ph 3.5-10.5, and in tasman this was overlaid by darkening from ppo activity. the rate of darkening in yan was separated into two main time periods, 0-4 and 4-24 h. the first 4 h of darkening was further divided into two stages using ...	2009	19469560
unlocking wheat genetic resources for the molecular identification of previously undescribed functional alleles at the pm3 resistance locus.	the continuous improvement of crop plants is essential for agriculture in the coming decades and relies on the use of genetic variability through breeding. however, domestication and modern breeding have reduced diversity in the crop germplasm. global gene banks conserve diversity, but these resources remain underexplored owing to a lack of efficient strategies to isolate important alleles. here we describe a large-scale allele-mining project at the molecular level. we first selected a set of 1, ...	2009	19470492
markers to a common bunt resistance gene derived from 'blizzard' wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and mapped to chromosome arm 1bs.	common bunt, caused by tilletia caries (dc.) tul. & c. tul. and t. laevis j.g kuhn, is an economically important disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. the resistance in the winter wheat cultivar 'blizzard' is effective against known races of common bunt in western canada. the incorporation of resistance from blizzard into field-ready cultivars may be accelerated through the use of molecular markers. using the maize pollen method, a doubled haploid population of 147 lines was develop ...	2009	19471904
molecular identification of a new powdery mildew resistance gene pm41 on chromosome 3bl derived from wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides).	powdery mildew caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is an important wheat disease in china and other parts of the world. wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) is the immediate progenitor of cultivated tetraploid and hexaploid wheats and thus an important resource for wheat improvement. wild emmer accession iw2 collected from mount hermon, israel, is highly resistant to powdery mildew at the seedling and adult plant stages. genetic analysis using an f(2) segregating population and ...	2009	19471905
prometryne-induced oxidative stress and impact on antioxidant enzymes in wheat.	prometryne is one of the herbicides widely used for controlling weed/grass in agricultural practice. however, whether it has an adverse effect on crops is unknown. in this study, we investigated prometryne-induced oxidative stress in wheat (triticum aestivum). wheat plants were grown in soils with prometryne at 0-24 mgkg(-1) soil. the growth of wheat treated with prometryne was inhibited. chlorophyll content significantly decreased even at the low level of prometryne (4 mgkg(-1) soil). accumulat ...	2009	19473703
discovery and mapping of single feature polymorphisms in wheat using affymetrix arrays.	wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is a staple food crop worldwide. the wheat genome has not yet been sequenced due to its huge genome size (approximately 17,000 mb) and high levels of repetitive sequences; the whole genome sequence may not be expected in the near future. available linkage maps have low marker density due to limitation in available markers; therefore new technologies that detect genome-wide polymorphisms are still needed to discover a large number of new markers for construction of hi ...	2009	19480702
different levels of humoral immunoreactivity to different wheat cultivars gliadin are present in patients with celiac disease and in patients with multiple myeloma.	immunity to food antigens (gliadin, cow's milk proteins) is in the centre of the attention of modern medicine focused on the prevention of diseases, prevention which is based on the use of appropriate restriction diet. detection of the enhanced levels of the immune reactions to antigen(s) present in food is from this point of view of great importance because there are reports that some of health disturbances, like celiac disease (cd) and some premalignant conditions, like monoclonal gammopathy o ...	2009	19480718
overexpression of tastrg gene improves salt and drought tolerance in rice.	high salt and drought are the main factors affecting agricultural production. thus, cloning stress-tolerance-related genes and identifying their functions are essential to enhancing crop tolerance to stresses. in this study, a salt-induced unknown wheat (triticum aestivum l.) gene was identified and cloned according to microarray analysis of salt-tolerant wheat mutant rh8706-49 under salt stress. the gene was named triticum aestivum salt tolerance-related gene (tastrg) and submitted to genbank ( ...	2009	19481835
a sublethal dose of thiamethoxam causes a reduction in xylem feeding by the bird cherry-oat aphid (rhopalosiphum padi), which is associated with dehydration and reduced performance.	the active ingestion of xylem sap by aphids is hypothesised to be an important mechanism for rehydration. when starved bird cherry-oat aphids (rhopalosiphum padi) were allowed to feed on wheat (triticum aestivum) treated with a sublethal dose of the xylem-mobile neonicotinoid thiamethoxam, analysis of feeding behaviours using the electrical penetration graph revealed a reduction in xylem feeding that was reversed on removal of the toxin. to test the importance of xylem-feeding behaviour as a reh ...	2009	19482292
rapid development of pcr-based genome-specific repetitive dna junction markers in wheat.	in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) (aabbdd, c=17 000 mb), repeat dna accounts for approximately 90% of the genome, of which transposable elements (tes) constitute 60%-80%. despite the dynamic evolution of tes, our previous study indicated that the majority of tes are conserved and collinear between the homologous wheat genomes, based on identical insertion patterns. in this study, we exploited the unique and abundant te insertion junction regions identified from diploid aegilops tauschii ...	2009	19483776
rapid and targeted introgression of genes into popular wheat cultivars using marker-assisted background selection.	a marker-assisted background selection (mabs)-based gene introgression approach in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was optimized, where 97% or more of a recurrent parent genome (rpg) can be recovered in just two backcross (bc) generations. a four-step mabs method was developed based on 'plabsim' computer simulations and wheat genome structure information. during empirical optimization of this method, double recombinants around the target gene were selected in a step-wise fashion during the two bc c ...	2009	19484121
molecular characterisation of the low-molecular weight glutenin subunit genes of tall wheatgrass and functional properties of one clone ee34.	wild tall wheatgrass (lophopyrum elongatum l., 2x = 14) is an important resource for improving bread wheat (titicum aestivum l.), including hmw-gs and lmw-gs relevant to end-use quality of the wheat flour. a set of 14 distinct sequences were amplified from the genomic dna of the tall wheatgrass, using degenerate primers targeted at glu-3, the locus containing the genes encoding the low-molecular weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gs). three sequences contained an internal stop codon and were classifi ...	2010	19484339
class d and b(sister) mads-box genes are associated with ectopic ovule formation in the pistil-like stamens of alloplasmic wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	homeotic transformation of stamens into pistil-like structures (pistillody) has been reported in cytoplasmic substitution (alloplasmic) lines of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) that have the cytoplasm of a related wild species, aegilops crassa. an ectopic ovule differentiates in the pistil-like stamen in the alloplasmic wheat. the seedstick (stk)-like class d mads-box gene, wheat stk (wstk), was expressed in the primordia of ectopic ovules in the pistil-like stamens as well as in the true pis ...	2009	19488678
application of capillary electrophoresis to determine the technological properties of wheat flours by a glutenin index.	capillary electrophoresis was used to characterize glutenin proteins from ancient varieties of southern italy common wheat and to determine the technological properties of wheat flours based on a glutenin index. three zones were identified in the electropherograms, indicated as a, b, and c according to electroelution order. the three zones corresponded to the low molecular weight glutenin subunits and to the y- and x-type high molecular weight subunits, respectively. the ratio b/c was correlated ...	2016	19490316
effects of molybdenum on expression of cold-responsive genes in abscisic acid (aba)-dependent and aba-independent pathways in winter wheat under low-temperature stress.	molybdenum (mo) is an essential trace element for higher plants. it has been shown that application of mo enhances the cold resistance of winter wheat. in order to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cold resistance arising from application of mo in winter wheat, investigations were made regarding the transcription of cold-responsive (cor) genes in abscisic acid (aba)-dependent and aba-independent pathways in winter wheat regulated by mo application under low-temperature str ...	2009	19491090
evidence for variation in the optimal translation initiation complex: plant eif4b, eif4f, and eif(iso)4f differentially promote translation of mrnas.	eukaryotic initiation factor (eif) 4b is known to interact with multiple initiation factors, mrna, rrna, and poly(a) binding protein (pabp). to gain a better understanding of the function of eif4b, the two isoforms from arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) were expressed and analyzed using biophysical and biochemical methods. plant eif4b was found by ultracentrifugation and light scattering analysis to most likely be a monomer with an extended structure. an extended structure would facilitate the ...	2009	19493973
novel micrornas uncovered by deep sequencing of small rna transcriptomes in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and brachypodium distachyon (l.) beauv.	the small rna transcriptomes of bread wheat and its emerging model brachypodium distachyon were obtained by using deep sequencing technology. small rna compositions were analyzed in these two species. in addition to 70 conserved micrornas (mirnas) from 25 families, 23 novel wheat mirnas were identified. for brachypodium, 12 putative mirnas were predicted from a limited number of expressed sequence tags, of which one was a potential novel mirna. also, 94 conserved mirnas from 28 families were ide ...	2009	19499258
[triton x-100 induces heritable changes of morphological characters in triticum aestivum l].	the effect of the nonionic detergent polyethylene glycol octylphenyl ester (triton x-100, tx-100) on the spring common wheat cultivar alem was studied under laboratory and field conditions. treatment of seeds and vegetating plants with 0.1 or 0.01% tx-100 (aqueous solution) changed the spike morphology in all plants of the first posttreatment generation. the changes were inherited by the second generation without additional treatment with tx-100. square-headed dense spikes with doubled spikelets ...	2009	19507710
hydrogen peroxide scavenging regulates germination ability during wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seed maturation.	hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) promotes seed germination of cereal plants and ascorbic acid which acts as antioxidant suppresses the germination of wheat seeds, but the role of h(2)o(2) scavenging on germination during seed maturation has not been demonstrated. we investigated relationship of germination, ascorbate, h(2)o(2) scavenging enzymes and sensitivity to ascorbic acid (asa) maturing seeds of two typical wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars, cvs. shirogane-komugi and norin61. shirogane-ko ...	2008	19513213
a quantitative genetic study for elucidating the contribution of glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase and other nitrogen-related physiological traits to the agronomic performance of common wheat.	to better understand the genetic variability for nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat is a necessity in the frame of the present economic and ecological context. the objective of this work was to investigate the role of the enzymes glutamine synthetase (gs) and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), and other nitrogen (n)-related physiological traits in the control of agronomic performance in wheat. a quantitative genetics approach was developed using the arche x récital population of doubled haploid ...	2009	19513687
characterization of the wheat endosperm transfer cell-specific protein tapr60.	the tapr60 gene from bread wheat encodes a small cysteine-rich protein with a hydrophobic signal peptide, predicted to direct the tapr60 protein to a secretory pathway. it was demonstrated by heterologous expression of recombinant tapr60 protein that the signal peptide is recognized and cleaved in yeast cells. the full-length gene including promoter sequence of a tapr60 orthologue was cloned from a bac library of triticum durum. a transcriptional promoter-gus fusion was stably transformed into w ...	2009	19513805
molecular cloning and characterization of a novel glyoxalase i gene tagly i in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	methylglyoxal is a kind of poisonous metabolite that can react with rna, dna and protein, which generally results in a number of side advert effects to cell. glyoxalase i is a member of glyoxalase system that can detoxify methylglyoxal. an est encoding a glyoxalase i was isolated from a ssh (suppression subtractive hybridization)-cdna library of wheat spike inoculated by fusarium graminearum. the corresponding full length gene, named tagly i, was cloned, sequenced and characterized. its genomic ...	2010	19513813
meiosis drives extraordinary genome plasticity in the haploid fungal plant pathogen mycosphaerella graminicola.	meiosis in the haploid plant-pathogenic fungus mycosphaerella graminicola results in eight ascospores due to a mitotic division following the two meiotic divisions. the transient diploid phase allows for recombination among homologous chromosomes. however, some chromosomes of m. graminicola lack homologs and do not pair during meiosis. because these chromosomes are not present universally in the genome of the organism they can be considered to be dispensable. to analyze the meiotic transmission ...	2009	19516898
the membrane topology of almt1, an aluminum-activated malate transport protein in wheat (triticum aestivum).	the wheat almt1 gene encodes an aluminum (al)-activated malate transport protein which confers al-resistance. we investigated the membrane topology of this plasma-membrane localized protein with immunocytochemical techniques. several green fluorescent protein (gfp)-fused and histidine (his)-tagged chimeras of almt1 were prepared based on a computer-predicted secondary structure and transiently expressed in cultured mammalian cells. antibodies raised to polypeptide epitopes of almt1 were used in ...	2007	19517008
mapping of quantitative trait loci for grain iron and zinc concentration in diploid a genome wheat.	micronutrients, especially iron (fe) and zinc (zn), are deficient in the diets of people in underdeveloped countries. biofortification of food crops is the best approach for alleviating the micronutrient deficiencies. identification of germplasm with high grain fe and zn and understanding the genetic basis of their accumulation are the prerequisites for manipulation of these micronutrients. some wild relatives of wheat were found to have higher grain fe and zn concentrations compared with the cu ...	2013	19520762
reactive oxygen species production in wheat roots is not linked with changes in h fluxes during acidic and aluminium stresses.	aluminium stress induces peroxidation of lipids in the plasma membrane, the effect akin to that caused by reactive oxygen species (ros). ros have recently been proposed as regulators of redox-dependent ion transport across the plasma membrane during biotic and abiotic stresses, thus contributing to the plant defence system. the aim of this study was to discover whether ros production is linked to redox-dependent h(+) transport system located at the plasma membranes of two near-isogenic lines of ...	2006	19521479
cloning, identification, expression analysis and phylogenetic relevance of two nadp-dependent malic enzyme genes from hexaploid wheat.	the nadp-dependent malic enzyme (nadp-me; ec1.1.1.40) found in many metabolic pathways catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of l-malate, producing pyruvate, co(2) and nadph. the nadp-mes have been well studied in c4 plants but not well in c3 plants. in this study, we identified the nadp-me isoforms from hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l). two different nadp-me transcripts were first identified in this c3 plant. the first is named tanadp-me1 [ncbi: eu170134] and encodes a putative plastidic ...	2009	19523599
characterization of plastidial starch phosphorylase in triticum aestivum l. endosperm.	starch phosphorylase (pho) catalyses the reversible transfer of glucosyl units from glucose1-phosphate to the non-reducing end of an alpha-1,4-linked glucan chain. two major isoforms of pho exist in the plastid (pho1) and cytosol (pho2). in this paper it is proposed that pho1 may play an important role in recycling glucosyl units from malto-oligosaccharides back into starch synthesis in the developing wheat endosperm. pho activity was observed in highly purified amyloplast extracts prepared from ...	2009	19524321
plasmolysis and cell wall deposition in wheat root hairs under osmotic stress.	we analysed cell wall formation in rapidly growing root hairs of triticum aestivum under reduced turgor pressure by application of iso- and hypertonic mannitol solutions. our experimental series revealed an osmotic value of wheat root hairs of 150 mosm. in higher concentrations (200-650 mosm), exocytosis of wall material and its deposition, as well as callose synthesis, still occurred, but the elongation of root hairs was stopped. even after strong plasmolysis when the protoplast retreated from ...	2010	19533299
assessment of adaptive evolution between wheat and rice as deduced from full-length common wheat cdna sequence data and expression patterns.	wheat is an allopolyploid plant that harbors a huge, complex genome. therefore, accumulation of expressed sequence tags (ests) for wheat is becoming particularly important for functional genomics and molecular breeding. we prepared a comprehensive collection of ests from the various tissues that develop during the wheat life cycle and from tissues subjected to stress. we also examined their expression profiles in silico. as full-length cdnas are indispensable to certify the collected ests and an ...	0	19534823
[cytological and ssr analysis of irradiation-induced progenies of trititrigia substitution line sn0095].	pollens of trititrigia substitution line sn0095 were radiated with 60co-gamma ray and cytological characters of the progenies m1 and m2 were studied. the results showed that variations with different frequencies and chromosome numbers (2n=41, 2n=40 and 2n=39) were observed in both m1 and m2. abnormal phenomena, such as univalents, multivalents, chromosome fragments, laggard chromosomes, chromosome bridges and micronucleus, appeared in high frequencies during the meiosis. it suggested that irradi ...	2009	19537191
effects of overexpression of high molecular weight glutenin subunit 1dy10 on wheat tortilla properties.	wheat (triticum aestivum l.) flour properties necessary for optimal tortilla production have not been identified. transgenic wheats (triticum aestivum l.) overexpressing high molecular weight glutenin subunit (hmw-gs) 1dy10 were used to make tortilla and their quality was evaluated. the level of hmw-gs 1dy10 in flours derived from transgenic wheats was 2.5-5.8-fold greater than in controls. polymeric proteins in the transgenic samples had a molecular weight distribution shifted toward larger pol ...	2009	19537784
cytogenetic and molecular identification of three triticum aestivum-leymus racemosus translocation addition lines.	chromosome 2c from aegilops cylindrica has the ability to induce chromosome breakage in common wheat (tritivum aestivum). in the bc(1)f(3) generation of the t. aestivum cv. chinese spring and a hybrid between t. aestivum-leymus racemosus lr.7 addition line and t. aestivum-ae. cylindrica 2c addition line, three disomic translocation addition lines (2n = 44) were selected by mitotic chromosome c-banding and genomic in situ hybridization. we further characterized these t. aestivum-l. racemosus tran ...	2009	19539248
cytokinin-induced changes of nitrogen remobilization and chloroplast ultrastructure in wheat (triticum aestivum).	nitrogen (n) remobilization in wheat (triticum aestivum) plants is crucial because it determines the grain protein concentration and the baking quality of flour. in order to evaluate the influence of cytokinins on n remobilization during n starvation, we analyzed various n remobilization parameters in wheat plants that were watered with 6-benzylaminopurine (bap) either with or without kno(3). besides, the effects of bap on protein synthesis were evaluated, and the size and ultrastructure of chlo ...	2009	19540618
integrated genetic map and genetic analysis of a region associated with root traits on the short arm of rye chromosome 1 in bread wheat.	a rye-wheat centric chromosome translocation 1rs.1bl has been widely used in wheat breeding programs around the world. increased yield of translocation lines was probably a consequence of increased root biomass. in an effort to map loci-controlling root characteristics, homoeologous recombinants of 1rs with 1bs were used to generate a consensus genetic map comprised of 20 phenotypic and molecular markers, with an average spacing of 2.5 cm. physically, all recombination events were located in the ...	2009	19544051
uptake and acropetal translocation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in field-contaminated soil.	uptake and acropetal translocation of 14 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) by wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in 15 field-contaminated soils were investigated in a growth chamber. pah concentrations in roots correlated positively with the corresponding concentrations in soils and negatively with the contents of soil organic carbon (p < 0.01). no clear linear relationship was found between log rcf (root concentration factor, microg g(-1) root/microg g(-1) soil on dry weight basi ...	2009	19544854
the dawgpaws pipeline for the annotation of genes and transposable elements in plant genomes.	abstract:	2009	19545381
effects of dried distillers' grains with solubles (wheat-based) in feedlot cattle diets on feces and manure composition.	the use of dried distillers' grains with solubles (ddgs) in feedlot cattle (bos taurus) diets is increasing as the bio-ethanol industry expands. this study investigated how wheat (triticum aestivum l.) ddgs-based diets impact feedlot cattle nutrient and volatile fatty acid (vfa) excretion. feedlot heifers were fed ddgs at 0 (control) 20, 40, 60% or 60% + ca (1% limestone) of dietary dry matter. feces and manure were sampled monthly over a 133-d finishing period. total nitrogen (tn) (feces only), ...	2009	19549948
[freezing tolerance of winter wheat plants depends on adaptation of photosynthesis and respiration in different time intervals].	this study is devoted to co2 gas exchange (true photosynthesis at light saturation (p), dark respiration (r), and p/r ratio) in vegetating and cold-hardened winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants (cultivar mironovskaya 808) in relation to their freezing tolerance. under natural cultivation conditions, freezing tolerance of plants depended on adaptive changes in the shape of p and r curves in the temperature range from 20 to -2 degrees c. these changes, induced by cold hardening and treatment ...	2016	19551968
transcriptional profiling in response to terminal drought stress reveals differential responses along the wheat genome.	water stress during grain filling has a marked effect on grain yield, leading to a reduced endosperm cell number and thus sink capacity to accumulate dry matter. the bread wheat cultivar chinese spring (cs), a chinese spring terminal deletion line (cs_5al-10) and the durum wheat cultivar creso were subjected to transcriptional profiling after exposure to mild and severe drought stress at the grain filling stage to find evidences of differential stress responses associated to different wheat geno ...	2009	19552804
identification of genomic regions determining the phenological development leading to floral transition in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	autumn-seeded winter cereals acquire tolerance to freezing temperatures and become vernalized by exposure to low temperature (lt). the level of accumulated lt tolerance depends on the cold acclimation rate and factors controlling timing of floral transition at the shoot apical meristem. in this study, genomic loci controlling the floral transition time were mapped in a winter wheat (t. aestivum l.) doubled haploid (dh) mapping population segregating for lt tolerance and rate of phenological deve ...	0	19553371
eco-toxic effects of sulfadiazine sodium, sulfamonomethoxine sodium and enrofloxacin on wheat, chinese cabbage and tomato.	investigation of the toxic effects of three veterinary drugs [sulfadiazine sodium (sds), sulfamonomethoxine sodium (smms), and enrofloxacin (eflx)] on seed germination, root elongation and shoot elongation of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l.) and tomato (cyphomandra betacea) was carried out. significant linear relationships between the root and shoot elongation and the concentration of veterinary drugs addition were observed. the effects of the three veterina ...	2009	19554446
wheat-alien metaphase i pairing of individual wheat genomes and d genome chromosomes in interspecific hybrids between triticum aestivum l. and aegilops geniculata roth.	homoeologous metaphase i (mi) pairing of triticum aestivum x aegilops geniculata hybrids (2n = 5x = 35, abdu(g)m(g)) has been examined by an in situ hybridization procedure permitting simultaneous discrimination of a, b, d and wild genomes. the seven d genome chromosomes (and their arms, except for 6d and 7d) plus some additional wheat chromosomes were also identified. wheat-wild mi associations represented more than 60% of total, with an average ratio of 5:1:12 for those involving the a, b and ...	2009	19557382
phytotoxicity tests of solid wastes and contaminated soils in the czech republic.	the purpose of this study was to compare the suitability of different phytotoxicity testing procedures for the evaluation of toxicity associated with both soil contamination and solid wastes, both of which can be of environmental risk to plants. ten different representative types of contaminated soils and solid waste samples were chosen from the czech republic.	2010	19557447
isolation and heterologous transformation analysis of a pollen-specific promoter from wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	the promoter of a pollen-specific gene tapsg719 was isolated from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by inverse-pcr (ipcr). sequence analysis revealed that the promoter contains two cis-acting elements (agaaa and gtga) known to confer anther/pollen-specific gene expression which suggests that the promoter of tapsg719 gene is a pollen-specific one. to ascertain the regulatory function of tapsg719 promoter, two deleted fragments (-1,776 to -1 bp and -1,019 to -1 bp) were fused to the beta-glucuronidase ...	2010	19562512
phosphorylation at s384 regulates the activity of the taalmt1 malate transporter that underlies aluminum resistance in wheat.	in this study we examined the role of protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in the transport properties of the wheat (triticum aestivum) root malate efflux transporter underlying al resistance, taalmt1. pre-incubation of xenopus laevis oocytes expressing taalmt1 with protein kinase inhibitors (k252a and staurosporine) strongly inhibited both basal and al(3+)-enhanced taalmt1-mediated inward currents (malate efflux). pre-incubation with phosphatase inhibitors (okadaic acid and cyclosporine a) ...	2009	19563436
[effects of shading on wheat grain starch quality and redistribution of pre-anthesis stored nonstructural carbohydrates].	this paper studied the effects of shading in the period from jointing to maturity on the grain yield, starch content, and starch paste traits of two winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars, shading-tolerant yangmai 158 and shading-intolerant yangmai 11, and analyzed the relationships of the redistribution of total soluble sugars stored before anthesis in vegetative organs with the grain yield, starch content, and starch paste parameters of the cultivars. the results showed that shading dec ...	2009	19565759
low-energy x-ray fluorescence microscopy opening new opportunities for bio-related research.	biological systems are unique matter with very complex morphology and highly heterogeneous chemical composition dominated by light elements. discriminating qualitatively at the sub-micrometer level the lateral distribution of constituent elements, and correlating it to the sub-cellular biological structure, continues to be a challenge. the low-energy x-ray fluorescence microspectroscopy, recently implemented in twinmic scanning transmission mode, has opened up new opportunities for mapping the d ...	2009	19570794
comparison of bloat potential between a variety of soft-red versus a variety of hard-red winter wheat forage.	some aspects of wheat pasture bloat have been researched extensively, but few studies have evaluated the effect of wheat type or variety on bloat. eight gelbvieh x angus ruminally cannulated heifers (515 +/- 49 kg of bw) and 48 angus heifers (238 +/- 12 kg of bw) grazed 1-ha pastures of hard-red or soft-red winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to evaluate the effect of wheat variety on bloat potential. in exp. 1, cattle grazed from november 11 to 22 and from november 26 to december 7, 2006, in a ...	2009	19574572
genomics in cereals: from genome-wide conserved orthologous set (cos) sequences to candidate genes for trait dissection.	recent updates in comparative genomics among cereals have provided the opportunity to identify conserved orthologous set (cos) dna sequences for cross-genome map-based cloning of candidate genes underpinning quantitative traits. new tools are described that are applicable to any cereal genome of interest, namely, alignment criterion for orthologous couples identification, as well as the intron spanning marker software to automatically select intron-spanning primer pairs. in order to test the sof ...	0	19575250
benzoxazinoid biosynthesis, a model for evolution of secondary metabolic pathways in plants.	benzoxazinoids are secondary metabolites that are effective in defence and allelopathy. they are synthesised in two subfamilies of the poaceae and sporadically found in single species of the dicots. the biosynthesis is fully elucidated in maize; here the genes encoding the enzymes of the pathway are in physical proximity. this "biosynthetic cluster" might facilitate coordinated gene regulation. data from zea mays, triticum aestivum and hordeum lechleri suggest that the pathway is of monophyletic ...	2009	19577780
members of the dof transcription factor family in triticum aestivum are associated with light-mediated gene regulation.	dna binding with one finger (dof) protein is a plant-specific transcription factor implicated in the regulation of many important plant-specific processes, including photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. this study has identified 31 dof genes (tadof) in bread wheat through extensive analysis of current nucleotide databases. phylogenetic analysis suggests that the tadof family can be divided into four clades. expression analysis of the tadof family across all major organs using quantitative ...	2009	19578911
genetic transformation of nepalese spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars with ipt gene under the regulation of a senescence enhanced promoter from maize.	two nepalese spring wheat cultivars were transformed with an ipt gene from agrobacterium tumefaciens under the control of the senescence inducible promoter psee1 from maize using biolistic method. the resulting transgenic lines, one from pasang lahmu and seven from annapurna-1, were studied for the expression of the transgene and the phenotype characters like chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a/b ratio, ps ii quantum yield and other parameters of agronomic importance. analysis of transgene expres ...	2009	19579929
gene effects and combining ability in some bread wheat genotypes to yellow rust disease.	ten wheat lines were studied to determine gene effects and combining ability in some bread wheat genotypes to yellow rust disease. ten parental lines and f1 were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in agricultural and natural resources research center, mashhad, iran. two races (134e134a+ and 4e0a+) were used for this study. latent period (lp) and infection type (it) were measured in the field and greenhouse. results showed significant differences between races ...	2009	19579935
heterosis in some crosses of bread wheat under irrigation and drought conditions.	five bread wheat varieties with different characteristics were crossed in a half-diallel model in 2005/2006 season. the five parents and their 10 f1 hybrids were evaluated under normal and water stress conditions during 2006/2007 season, to estimate heterosis of some wheat crosses for drought tolerance and selecting the crosses which could be useful in breeding programs for drought tolerance. the results indicated that, the best crosses over their mid parents at water stress condition for days t ...	2009	19579996
variation in dehydration tolerance, aba sensitivity and related gene expression patterns in d-genome progenitor and synthetic hexaploid wheat lines.	the wild wheat aegilops tauschii coss. has extensive natural variation available for breeding of common wheat. drought stress tolerance is closely related to abscisic acid (aba) sensitivity. in this study, 17 synthetic hexaploid wheat lines, produced by crossing the tetraploid wheat cultivar langdon with 17 accessions of ae. tauschii, were used for comparative analysis of natural variation in drought tolerance and aba sensitivity. ae. tauschii showed wide natural variation, with weak association ...	2009	19582226
cytological changes in turkish durum and bread wheat genotypes in response to salt stress.	effects of salt stress on root growth, mitotic index, nuclear volume, vacuolization, nucleolar distortion and starch content were investigated in turkish bread wheat ( triticum aestivum l. cvs. yildiz - salt sensitive, dagdas - salt tolerant) and durum wheat ( triticum durum l. cvs. c1252 - salt sensitive, meramsalt tolerant) genotypes which were treated with 150 mm naci over a 6-day period. salt treatment of wheat seedlings resulted in a decrease in root elongation and cell division in all geno ...	2009	19584031
molecular cloning and characterization of an up-regulated udp-glucosyltransferase gene induced by don from triticum aestivum l. cv. wangshuibai.	fusarium head blight, also called scab, is a serious disease of small grain cereals and maize. scab can not only cause yield loss, more seriously is that it can also deteriorate seed quality by contaminating the infected grains with trichothecenes toxins harmful to human and animal health. deoxynivalenol (don) is one of the most important toxin members. it was proposed that don acted first as a virulence factor during fungal pathogenesis and then accumulated in grain to levels posing a threat to ...	2010	19585272
[studies on quantitative trait loci related to activity of lactate dehydrogenase in common carp (cyprinus carpio)].	the reciprocal intergeneric hybrids between common wheat and roegneria kamoji were successfully obtained by means of embryo culture. morphology, chromosome pairing behavior at meiosis, fertility, and resistance to scab of the hybrid f1 and bc1 were studied. the results showed that the morphology of the reciprocal intergeneric hybrids f1 between r. kamoji and t. aestivum cv. chinese spring were intermediate type between the two parental species. the chromosome configuration at metaphase i (mi) of ...	2009	19586894
regulation of resistance and susceptibility in wheat-powdery mildew pathosystem with exogenous cytokinins.	dose-response relationship between resistance of wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum, cultivar zarya) to erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici marchal. (syn. blumeria graminis), a causal organism of wheat powdery mildew and exogenous zeatin has been investigated. two-week-old seedlings were inoculated with the pathogen. zeatin or zeatinriboside were added to the nutrient solution immediately after inoculation. the dose-response curve of cytokinin in the most cases was multiphasic, with peaks of increa ...	2009	19592133
dough rheology and wet milling of hard waxy wheat flours.	to realize the full potential of waxy wheat (triticum aestivum l.), the wet milling properties of waxy wheat flours including their dough-mixing properties were investigated. flours of six waxy hard wheats, one normal hard wheat ('karl 92'), and one partial waxy hard wheat ('trego') were fractionated by the dough-washing (martin) process, and the yields and recoveries of starch and gluten were compared. when waxy and normal wheat starches each were blended with a wheat gluten to give a mixture c ...	2009	19594158
reevaluation of a tetraploid wheat population indicates that the tsn1-toxa interaction is the only factor governing stagonospora nodorum blotch susceptibility.	the wheat tsn1 gene on chromosome 5b confers sensitivity to a host-selective toxin produced by the pathogens that cause tan spot and stagonospora nodorum blotch (snb) known as ptr toxa and sntoxa, respectively (hereafter referred to as toxa). a compatible tsn1-toxa interaction is known to play a major role in conferring susceptibility of hexaploid (common) wheat to snb. however, a recent study by another group suggested that the tsn1-toxa interaction was not relevant in conferring susceptibility ...	2009	19594309
characterization of genetic components involved in durable resistance to stripe rust in the bread wheat 'renan'.	stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. tritici, is one of the most widespread and destructive wheat diseases in areas where cool temperatures prevail. the wheat cv. renan, carrying the specific gene yr17, has shown effective resistance for a long time, even though some pathotypes overcame the yr17 gene. the objectives of this study were to locate and map genetic loci associated with adult-plant resistance (apr) to stripe rust in a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross b ...	2009	19594316
influence of genetic and environmental factors on selected nutritional traits of triticum monococcum.	to evaluate the effect of genotype, year, and location on protein, lipid, tocol, and lutein content and on fatty acids composition of wholemeal flour, five einkorns (triticum monococcum l. ssp. monococcum) and one control bread wheat were cropped in italy for two years in four different locations. genotype and year exerted major effects on protein, tocotrienol, and lutein contents, while tocopherol and lipid contents were influenced only by the genotype. the concentrations of linoleic, oleic, an ...	2009	19601667
cultivar preferences of ovipositing wheat stem sawflies as influenced by the amount of volatile attractant.	the wheat stem sawfly, cephus cinctus norton, causes severe losses in wheat grown in the northern great plains. much of the affected area is planted in monoculture with wheat, triticum aestivum l., grown in large fields alternating yearly between crop and no-till fallow. the crop and fallow fields are adjacent. this cropping landscape creates pronounced edge effects of sawfly infestations and may be amenable to trap cropping using existing agricultural practices. the behavioral preference for tw ...	2009	19610414
resistance to russian wheat aphid biotype 2 in cimmyt synthetic hexaploid wheat lines.	the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae), devastates wheat and barley production on all continents except australia. although d. noxia-resistant cultivars exist, virulent d. noxia populations exist in asia, north america, and south america that have the ability to overcome resistance. in this study, synthetic hexaploid wheat genotypes created at the international maize and wheat improvement center (cimmyt) were evaluated and characterized for resistance to nort ...	2009	19610446
feeding behavior of russian wheat aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) biotype 2 in response to wheat genotypes exhibiting antibiosis and tolerance resistance.	in this study, wheat, triticum aestivum l. (em thell), genotypes containing the dnx, dn7, dn6, and dn4 genes for resistance to the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae), along with dn0, a susceptible control, were assessed to determine the categories of d. noxia biotype 2 (rwa2) resistance in each genotype and rwa2 feeding behaviors on dnx and dn0 plants by using the electronic penetration graph technique. at 14 d postinfestation, dn0 plants exhibited intense ch ...	2009	19610450
insecticidal efficacy of abamectin against three stored-product insect pests: influence of dose rate, temperature, commodity, and exposure interval.	the insecticidal efficacy of abamectin against adults of rhyzopertha dominica (f.), sitophilus oryzae (l.), and tribolium confusum jacquelin du val was assessed under laboratory conditions. the efficacy of abamectin was assessed on two commodities (wheat, triticum aestivum l. and maize, zea mays l.) and two temperatures (25 and 30 degrees c). the dose rates used were 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 ppm. mortality of the exposed adults in the treated grains was measured after 7, 14 and 21 d (= days), where ...	2009	19610457
identification of three wheat globulin genes by screening a triticum aestivum bac genomic library with cdna from a diabetes-associated globulin.	exposure to dietary wheat proteins in genetically susceptible individuals has been associated with increased risk for the development of type 1 diabetes (t1d). recently, a wheat protein encoded by cdna wp5212 has been shown to be antigenic in mice, rats and humans with autoimmune t1d. to investigate the genomic origin of the identified wheat protein cdna, a hexaploid wheat genomic library from glenlea cultivar was screened.	2009	19615078
glutathione transferase activity and expression patterns during grain filling in flag leaves of wheat genotypes differing in drought tolerance: response to water deficit.	total glutathione s-transferase (gst, ec 2.5.1.18) and glutathione peroxidase (gpox) activity were measured spectrophotometrically in triticum aestivum cv. mv emese and cv. plainsman (drought tolerant) and cv. gk elet and cappelle desprez (drought-sensitive) flag leaves under control and drought stress conditions during the grain-filling period, in order to reveal possible roles of different gst classes in the senescence of flag leaves. six wheat gsts, members of 3 gst classes, were selected and ...	2009	19615785
ozone exposure of field-grown winter wheat affects soil mesofauna in the rhizosphere.	a 2-year open-top chamber experiment with field-grown winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. astron) was conducted to examine the effects of ozone on plant growth and selected groups of soil mesofauna in the rhizosphere. from may through june in each year, plants were exposed to two levels of o(3): non-filtered (nf) ambient air or nf+ 40 ppb o(3) (nf+). during o(3) exposure, soil sampling was performed at two dates according to different plant growth stages. o(3) exposure reduced above- and belo ...	2009	19616877
characterization and mapping of complementary lesion-mimic genes lm1 and lm2 in common wheat.	a lesion-mimic phenotype appeared in a segregating population of common wheat cross yanzhan 1/zaosui 30. the parents had non-lesion normal phenotypes. shading treatment and histochemical analyses showed that the lesions were caused by light-dependent cell death and were not associated with pathogens. studies over two cropping seasons showed that some lines with more highly expressed lesion-mimic phenotypes exhibited significantly lower grain yields than those with the normal phenotype, but there ...	2009	19621213
influence of leaf tolerance mechanisms and rain on boron toxicity in barley and wheat.	boron (b) toxicity is common in many areas of the world. plant tolerance to high b varies widely and has previously been attributed to reduced uptake of b, most commonly as a result of b efflux from roots. in this study, it is shown that the expression of genes encoding b efflux transporters in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare) is associated with an ability of leaf tissues to withstand higher concentrations of b. in tolerant cultivars, necrosis in leaves occurred a ...	2009	19625636
molecular characterization of a wheat protein induced by vernalisation.	using a pcr strategy we isolated from winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. bolero) the ver2 gene coding for a modular protein constituted by an n-terminal domain called "dirigent", found in several defence-related genes, and a c-terminal domain related to jacalin-related lectin (jrl). ver2 transcript as well as native ver2 levels increased during vernalisation and upon methyl jasmonate treatment of young seedlings. ver2 transcript levels were kept constant either in infected tissues or in woun ...	2009	19626429
ecotoxicological effects of typical personal care products on seed germination and seedling development of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	biochemical responses of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings stressed by two typical personal care products (pcps)--triclosan (tcs) and galaxolide (hhcb)--were experimentally investigated to assess their ecological risks. the results showed that wheat shoot and root elongation was significantly inhibited by 50-250 mg l(-1) tcs and hhcb. wheat roots were sensitive to tcs, while shoots were sensitive to hhcb. the median effect concentration (ec(50)) of tcs and hhcb based on the inhibition of th ...	2009	19631961
effects of different water availability at post-anthesis stage on grain nutrition and quality in strong-gluten winter wheat.	wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the most important agricultural crops worldwide. however, water is the most important limiting factor for wheat production. this study was initiated to test water stress environmental effects on grain quality and nutritional value of wheat by using single different water conditions at post-anthesis stage. further analyses were conducted to examine variations in concentrations and compositions of the bioactive compounds and nutritions in strong-gluten winter ...	2009	19632660
[the effect of apoptosis inductor dexamethasone on the energy exchange and ultrastructure of plant cells].	changes in respiration and cell ultrastructure induced by long-term incubation with dexamethasone (dm) in excised roots of 5-day old wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings were investigated. during 5 h incubation of roots with dm, oxygen consumption was inhibited by 20-30%, while respiratory coefficient did not change and its value was about 1. dm prevented from glucose-induced activation of respiration, which indicated blockade of glycolysis and decrease in oxygen uptake by this apoptotic induc ...	2009	19637758
production of intergeneric hybrid between dwarfing polish wheat (triticum polonicum l.) and aegilops tauschii cosson. with reference to wheat origin.	dwarfing polish wheat is a dwarfing accession of triticum polonicum l. from xinjiang of china. in the present study, the artificial hybridization between dwarfing polish wheat and two accessions of aegilops tauschii cosson. (as60 and as65) was carried out, and the f1 hybrids were obtained successfully without using embryo rescue techniques for the first time. the crossabilities of hybrids t. polonicum x ae. tauschii (as60) and t. polonicum x ae. tauschii (as65) were 1.67% and 0.60% respectively. ...	2009	19639868
[genealogical and statistical analyses of the inheritance of gliadin-coding alleles in a model set of common wheat triticum aestivum l. cultivars].	allelic diversity of the gliadin-coding loci gli-1 and gli-2 was compared with the genealogical profiles of common wheat cultivars developed in saratov. allele tracking through their pedigrees and hierarchic cluster analysis associated 31 gli alleles with groups of original ancestors. the cultivars poltavka (12 alleles of six loci) and selivanovskii rusak (six alleles of six loci) were identified as sources of the majority of alleles. the results of the cluster analysis fully coincided with the ...	2009	19639870
genomic diversity of germinating scutellum specific gene p23k in barley and wheat.	p23k is a 23 kda protein involved in sugar translocation in the scutellum of germinating barley seeds. the present study was carried out to provide the genomic characterization for p23k gene in terms of copy number, chromosome mapping, genetic mapping and expression analysis in germinating sculletum in two major triticeae crops, barley and wheat, and their relatives. southern blotting showed that a variable copy number with different restriction fragment sizes was found among 15 hordeum accessio ...	2009	19641998
proteome analysis of chloroplast proteins in stage albinism line of winter wheat (triticum aestivum) fa85.	the "stage albinism line of winter wheat" fa85 was a specific natural mutant strain on leaf color. this physiological mutation was controlled by cytogene. in order to reveal the genetic and biochemical mechanism of albinism, 2-de was used to investigate the difference of chloroplast protein expression pattern between fa85 and its parent wheat aibian 1. from the results of 2-de gels analysis, approximately 683 spots were detected on each gel, and 57 spots were expressed differently at least two-f ...	2009	19643044
identifying qtl for high-temperature adult-plant resistance to stripe rust (puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) in the spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar 'louise'.	over time, many single, all-stage resistance genes to stripe rust (puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) are circumvented by race changes in the pathogen. in contrast, high-temperature, adult-plant resistance (htap), which only is expressed during the adult-plant stage and when air temperatures are warm, provides durable protection against stripe rust. our objective was to identify major quantitative trait loci (qtl) for htap resistance to stripe rust in the spring ...	2009	19644666
influence of extrusion-cooking parameters on some quality aspects of precooked pasta-like products.	the present article aims to evaluate some quality parameters and texture characteristics of precooked wheat pasta-like products. using the methods for pasta and instant noodles the tested parameters were water absorption, starch gelatinization degree, cooking losses, and hardness. the texture profile was characterized using zwick apparatus by cutting test with the head speed of 10 mm/min and expressed as hardness and firmness of hydrated products. sem pictures were used to illustrate the interna ...	2009	19646037
paenibacillus riograndensis sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing species isolated from the rhizosphere of triticum aestivum.	a bacterial strain designated sbr5(t) was isolated from the rhizosphere of triticum aestivum. a phylogenetic analysis based on the 16s rrna gene sequence placed the isolate within the genus paenibacillus, being most closely related to paenibacillus graminis rsa19(t) (98.1 % similarity). the isolate was a gram-reaction-variable, motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, with spores in a terminal position in cells. starch was utilized and dihydroxyacetone and catalase were produced. strain sbr5(t ...	2010	19648317
fine mapping and marker development for the crossability gene skr on chromosome 5bs of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	most elite wheat varieties cannot be crossed with related species thereby restricting greatly the germplasm that can be used for alien introgression in breeding programs. inhibition to crossability is controlled genetically and a number of qtl have been identified to date, including the major gene kr1 on 5bl and skr, a strong qtl affecting crossability between wheat and rye on chromosome 5bs. in this study, we used a recombinant ssd population originating from a cross between the poorly crossabl ...	2009	19652174
(13)c/(12)c isotope labeling to study carbon partitioning and dark respiration in cereals subjected to water stress.	despite the relevance of carbon (c) loss through respiration processes (with its consequent effect on the lower c availability for grain filling), little attention has been given to this topic. literature data concerning the role of respiration in cereals are scarce and these have been produced using indirect methods based on gas-exchange estimations. we have developed a new method based on the capture of respired co(2) samples and their analysis by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio ma ...	0	19653200
starch-bound 2s proteins and kernel texture in einkorn, triticum monococcum ssp monococcum.	the starch granule proteins from 113 einkorn wheat (triticum monococcum ssp monococcum) accessions were analyzed by acidic, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (a-page), and two-dimensional a-page x sds-page. all accessions were confirmed to contain equal amounts of two polypeptide chains corresponding to puroindoline b (pin-b), as well as a prominent component plus a faint band corresponding to puroindoline a (pin-a). when compared with soft-textured common wheat, "monococcum" accessions showed ...	2009	19655123
analysis of class iii peroxidase genes expressed in roots of resistant and susceptible wheat lines infected by heterodera avenae.	the response of resistant wheat-aegilops ventricosa introgression line h-93-8 and its susceptible parent, triticum aestivum h-10-15, to ha71 spanish population of heterodera avenae was studied to determine the changes in peroxidase gene expression during incompatible and compatible wheat-nematode interactions. twenty peroxidase genes were characterized from both 211 expressed sequence tags and 259 genomic dna clones. alignment of deduced amino acid sequences and phylogenetic clustering with pero ...	2009	19656043
multiple genetic loci for zinc uptake and distribution in barley (hordeum vulgare).	micronutrient malnutrition, often called 'hidden hunger', affects over two billion people globally. this is particularly problematic in developing countries where widespread zinc (zn) deficiency exists as a result of a predominantly plant-based diet. furthermore, supplemental fertilizers are often unavailable or unaffordable in impoverished regions where soil infertility is common. delivery of more zn via food grains is theoretically possible through selective breeding strategies, but severe tec ...	2009	19656306
variation at storage protein loci in winter common wheat cultivars of the central forest-steppe of ukraine.	genotypes at the gliadin loci gli-a1, gli-b1, gli-d1 and the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit loci glu-a1, glu-b1, glu-d1 were identified in 77 winter common wheat cultivars developed in the central forest steppe of ukraine in different periods of time. the highest level of variation was observed at the gli-a1 locus. predominant alleles (one or two per locus) were revealed. the comparison of allele frequencies in groups of cultivars developed in different periods of time (before 1996 and i ...	2016	19663318
stolbur phytoplasma transmission to maize by reptalus panzeri and the disease cycle of maize redness in serbia.	maize redness (mr), induced by stolbur phytoplasma ('candidatus phytoplasma solani', subgroup 16srxii-a), is characterized by midrib, leaf, and stalk reddening and abnormal ear development. mr has been reported from serbia, romania, and bulgaria for 50 years, and recent epiphytotics reduced yields by 40 to 90% in south banat district, serbia. potential vectors including leafhoppers and planthoppers in the order hemiptera, suborder auchenorrhyncha, were surveyed in mr-affected and low-mr-incidenc ...	2009	19671007
the mediator complex subunit pft1 is a key regulator of jasmonate-dependent defense in arabidopsis.	jasmonate signaling plays an important role in both plant defense and development. here, we have identified a subunit of the mediator complex as a regulator of the jasmonate signaling pathway in arabidopsis thaliana. the mediator complex is a conserved multiprotein complex that acts as a universal adaptor between transcription factors and the rna polymerase ii transcriptional machinery. we report that the phytochrome and flowering time1 (pft1) gene, which encodes the mediator25 subunit of mediat ...	2009	19671879
rapid and non-invasive analysis of deoxynivalenol in durum and common wheat by fourier-transform near infrared (ft-nir) spectroscopy.	fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (ft-nir) was used for rapid and non-invasive analysis of deoxynivalenol (don) in durum and common wheat. the relevance of using ground wheat samples with a homogeneous particle size distribution to minimize measurement variations and avoid don segregation among particles of different sizes was established. calibration models for durum wheat, common wheat and durum + common wheat samples, with particle size <500 microm, were obtained by using partial l ...	2009	19680966
direct measures of mechanical energy for knife mill size reduction of switchgrass, wheat straw, and corn stover.	lengthy straw/stalk of biomass may not be directly fed into grinders such as hammer mills and disc refiners. hence, biomass needs to be preprocessed using coarse grinders like a knife mill to allow for efficient feeding in refiner mills without bridging and choking. size reduction mechanical energy was directly measured for switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.), wheat straw (triticum aestivum l.), and corn stover (zea mays l.) in an instrumented knife mill. direct power inputs were determined for di ...	2009	19683916
short-term foraging dynamics of cattle grazing swards with different canopy structures.	the objective of the present experiment was to describe the sward canopy structures of 3 different wheat (triticum aestivum l.) pastures and relate them to short-term herbage intake rate and foraging dynamics by steers. pastures were sampled for leaf and stem fractions at the bottom, middle, and top canopy strata. sward surface heights and tiller and bulk densities were measured. herbage was separated into stem and leaf, and leaves were then ranked phenologically. three steers grazed (grazing se ...	2009	19684258
rapid evolution of simple sequence repeat induced by allopolyploidization.	microsatellite evolution normally occurs in diploids. until now, there has been a lack of direct experimental evidence for microsatellite evolution following allopolyploidization. in the present study, f(1) hybrids and newly synthesized allopolyploids were derived from triticum aestivum chinese spring x secale cereale jinzhou-heimai. one hundred and sixty-three wheat simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers were used to investigate the variation of wheat microsatellites after allopolyploidization an ...	2009	19688286
gene content and virtual gene order of barley chromosome 1h.	chromosome 1h (approximately 622 mb) of barley (hordeum vulgare) was isolated by flow sorting and shotgun sequenced by gsflx pyrosequencing to 1.3-fold coverage. fluorescence in situ hybridization and stringent sequence comparison against genetically mapped barley genes revealed 95% purity of the sorted chromosome 1h fraction. sequence comparison against the reference genomes of rice (oryza sativa) and sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and against wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley expressed sequence ...	2009	19692534
expression of phytoene synthase1 and carotene desaturase crti genes result in an increase in the total carotenoids content in transgenic elite wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	dietary micronutrient deficiencies, such as the lack of vitamin a, are a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. carotenoids in food can function as provitamin a in humans, while grains of chinese elite wheat cultivars generally have low carotenoid contents. to increase the carotenoid contents in common wheat endosperm, transgenic wheat has been generated by expressing the maize y1 gene encoding phytoene synthase driven by a endosperm-specific 1dx5 promoter in the elite wheat (triticu ...	2009	19694433
leaf emergence of spring wheat receiving varying nitrogen supply at different stages of development.	we examined effects of nitrogen (n) supply on leaf emergence of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in sand with nutrient solution containing different n concentrations (9no3: 1nh4). in expt 1, the cultivar 'gamenya' received nutrient solution twice weekly containing a constant n supply ranging from 50 to 2400 microm n. in expts 2 and 3, cultivars 'aroona' and 'gamenya' were irrigated hourly with nutrient solution containing either low (l = 50 micrrom n) or high (h = 2000 microm n) n suppl ...	1994	19700456