Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| trace level voltammetric determination of heavy metals and total mercury in tea matrices (camellia sinensis). | an analytical procedure regarding the voltammetric determination of mercury(ii), copper(ii), lead(ii), cadmium(ii) and zinc(ii) by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (swasv) in matrices involved in food chain is proposed. in particular, tea leaves were analyzed as real samples. the digestion of each matrix was carried out using a concentrated hcl-hno3-h2so4 acidic attack mixture; 0.01 mol l(-1) edta-na2+ 0.15 mol l(-1) nacl + 0.5 mol l(-1) hcl was employed as the supporting electrolyte. th ... | 2013 | 24416778 |
| sensitivity of photosynthesis by spinach chloroplast membranes to osmotic stress in vitro: rapid inhibition of o2 evolution in presence of magnesium. | thylakoids prepared from spinach (spinacea oleracea l.) chloroplasts were exposed to osmotic stress in vitro in the presence or absence of different inorganic salts. by an hour after incubation in 1.0 m sorbitol and 10 mm (or more) mgcl2, the thylakoids lost approximately 80% of their photosystem (ps) ii activity, but not ps i. the inhibition occurred only in presence of magnesium as indicated by the combinations of several cations/anions. the ps ii activity was relatively insensitive to osmotic ... | 1990 | 24419656 |
| in-vitro interaction between chloroplasts and peroxisomes as controlled by inorganic phosphate. | peroxisomes, whole chloroplasts, mitochondria, and broken chloroplasts of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.), each form 1 band at its typical density, when isolated in sucrose gradients by isopycnic centrifugation in glycylglycine buffer. in potassium-phosphate buffer peroxisomes form a 2nd band at the density of whole chloroplasts. the phosphate effect is half-saturated at a concentration of 10-20 mm. if whole chloroplasts are removed by differential centrifugation before isopycnic centrifugation n ... | 1977 | 24419687 |
| subcellular distribution of (35)s-sulfur in spinach leaves after application of (35)so 4 (2-) , (35)so 3 (2-) , and (35)so 2. | (35)so2, (35)so 3 (2-) , and (35)so 4 (2-) , respectively, were applied to leaves of spinacia oleracea l. for 60 min in the light. thereafter, the specific activity was determined in the organelles separated by means of sucrose density gradient centrifugation. in mitochondria and peroxisomes, the specific activity was equally distributed in their protein moieties. after application of (35)so2 or (35)so 3 (2-) , the chloroplast lamellae are characterized by elevated specific activity, which is no ... | 1977 | 24419888 |
| effect of fusicoccin on plant cell cultures and protoplasts. | we have assayed the capacity of the fungal toxin fusicoccin to induce some of its characteristic effects (acidification of the medium, stimulation of k(+), and of 3-o-methyl-d-glucose uptake) in cell suspensions of parthenocissus tricuspidata (siebold et zucc.) planchon, acer pseudoplatanus l. and oryza sativa l., and in protoplast suspensions prepared from leaves of nicotiana tabacum l. and spinacia oleracea l. or from cultures of p. tricuspidata. evidence is presented showing that all tested b ... | 1977 | 24420024 |
| light saturation response of inactive photosystem ii reaction centers in spinach. | the effective absorption cross section of inactive photosystem ii (ps ii) centers, which is the product of the effective antenna size and the quantum yield for photochemistry, was investigated by comparing the light saturation curves of inactive ps ii and active reaction centers in intact chloroplasts and thylakoid membranes of spinach (spinacia oleracea). inactive ps ii centers are defined as the impaired ps ii reaction centers that require greater than 50 ms for the reoxidation of qa (-) subse ... | 1990 | 24420169 |
| qualitative and quantitative immunofluorescence studies of chloroplast ferredoxin : application to investigations of ferredoxin inheritance in nicotiana hybrids. | antibodies were raised in rabbits against 2fe-2s ferredoxin from n. tabacum l. the antibodies showed partial cross-reactivity in the double diffusion test with ferredoxins from spinacia oleracea l., petunia inflata fries., p. axillaris lam., phaseolus vulgaris l., chlamydomonas remhardii dang. a complete cross-reaction was observed with ferredoxins from five other nicotiana species, thus with this test it was impossible to discriminate between these ferredoxins. therefore the following test was ... | 1977 | 24420666 |
| sulfate and sulfite translocation via the phosphate translocator of the inner envelope membrane of chloroplasts. | the permeability of the inner envelope membranes of spinach (spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts to sulfite and sulfate was investigated in vitro, using the technique of silicone oil centrifugal filtration. the results show that there is a permeability towards both ions, resulting in rates of uptake of about 1.0 (so 3 (2-) ) and 0.7 (so 4 (2-) ) μmol mg chlorophyll(-1) h(-1) respectively (external concentration 2 mmol l(-1)). the rates depend on the external concentration of the anions. anion exchan ... | 1977 | 24420671 |
| freezing of isolated thylakoid membranes in complex media. v. inactivation and protection of electron transport reactions. | when chloroplast thylakoid membranes isolated from spinach leaves (spinacia oleracea l. cv. monatol) were frozen in media containing the predominant inorganic electrolytes of the chloroplast stroma, linear photosynthetic electron transport became progressively inhibited. after onset of freezing, both psii- and psi-mediated electron flow were inactivated almost to the same extent. prolonged storage of the membranes in the frozen state increased damage to psii relative to psi activity. under these ... | 1990 | 24420991 |
| the adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase from spinach (spinacea oleracea l.). stabilization, partial purification, and properties. | adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (aps) sulfotransferase was purified 25-fold from spinach (spinacea oleracea l.) leaves by sephadex-g-200 gel filtration and chromatography on deae-cellulose. enzyme activity was stabilized with 0.05 m tris-hcl ph 8.0 containing 10 mm mercaptoethanol (me), 10 mm mgcl2, and 30% glycerol. the molecular weight of the aps-sulfotransferase was estimated by gel filtration to be about 110,000 daltons. the enzyme is specific for the sulfonucleotide aps; paps is not a sulfur do ... | 1976 | 24424637 |
| oxygen evolving membranes and particles from the transformable cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. pcc6803. | membranes and ps ii particles retaining high rates of o2-evolving activity have been isolated from the transformable cyanobacterium, synechocystis sp. pcc6803. membranes from cells grown under red light exhibit rates of o2-evolution ranging from 500-700 μmole o2/mg chl/h. ps ii particles are prepared by a simple procedure involving deae column chromatography of detergent extracts obtained by simultaneous treatment of membranes with octylglucoside and dodecylmaltoside. the isolated ps ii fraction ... | 1989 | 24424744 |
| photosynthetic control, "energy-dependent" quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence and photophosphorylation under influence of tertiary amines. | the effects of the tertiary amines tetracaine, brucine and dibucaine on photophosphorylation and control of photosynthetic electron transport in isolated chloroplasts of spinacia oleracea were investigated. tertiary amines inhibited photophosphorylation while the related electron transport decreased to the rates, observed under non-phosphorylating conditions. light induced quenching of 9-aminoacridine fluorescence and uptake of (14)c-labelled methylamine in the thylakoid lumen declined in parall ... | 1989 | 24424746 |
| partial purification and properties of adenosine nucleosidase from leaves of spinach beet (beta vulgaris l.). | adenosine nucleosidase (ec 3.2.2.7), which catalyses the irreversible hydrolysis of adenosine to adenine and ribose, has been isolated and purified about 40-fold from leaves of spinach beet (beta vulgaris l.). the enzyme appeared to be specific for adenosine only among the naturally-occurring nucleosides, but comparable activity was also found with adenosine n-oxide. adenosine hydrolysis, which had an optimum at ph 4.5, did not require phosphate ions nor was it stimulated by their presence. the ... | 1976 | 24424769 |
| experiments on enzymatic acylation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate with enzyme preparations from pea and spinach leaves. | optimal reaction conditions were investigated for acylation of sn-[u-(14)c]glycerol 3-phosphate in cell-free systems from leaves of pisum sativum l. and spinacia oleracea l. with palmitoyl-coa as acyl donor the major product formed was monoacyl glycerol phosphate. in pea seedlings enzymatic activity was found to be dependent on the age of shoots going through a maximum 12 days after planting. in such plants the highest enzymatic activity is found in leaves and not in the shoot apex. also in leav ... | 1976 | 24424994 |
| the presence of glutathione and glutathione reductase in chloroplasts: a proposed role in ascorbic acid metabolism. | both glutathione and an nadph-dependent glutathione reductase are present in spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) chloroplasts. it is proposed that glutathione functions to stabilise enzymes of the calvin cycle, and it may also act to keep ascorbic acid in chloroplasts in the reduced form. | 1976 | 24425174 |
| the effect of temperature on glycollate decarboxylation in leaf peroxisomes. | [1-(14)c]glycollate was oxidised to(14)co2 by peroxisomes isolated from leaves of spinach beet about 3 times as rapidly at 35°c as at 25°c; the rate was further increased with rise in temperature to a maximum at 55°c. these increases are shown to be mainly due to the increased h2o2 available to oxidise glyoxylate non-enzymically as a result of the higher temperature coefficient of glycollate oxidase activity relative to that of catalase. these results are compared with similar increases in the r ... | 1977 | 24425260 |
| value addition of traditional wheat flour vermicelli. | vermicelli is a product prepared by using whole or refined wheat flour. hard dough is prepared, extruded and dried in the sun. since wheat flour is deficient in lysine, one of the essential amino acids, the protein quality remains poor. refining of wheat further reduces nutritional quality. therefore value addition of vermicelli is of prime importance to improve nutrient content and to save its delicacy. secondly, use of value added convenient/processed foods can be a solution to the problem of ... | 2013 | 24425987 |
| e88, a new cyclic-di-gmp class i riboswitch aptamer from clostridium tetani, has a similar fold to the prototypical class i riboswitch, vc2, but differentially binds to c-di-gmp analogs. | c-di-gmp has emerged as a ubiquitous second messenger, which regulates the transition between sessile and motile lifestyles and virulence factor expression in many pathogenic bacteria using both rna riboswitches and protein effectors. we recently showed that two additional class i c-di-gmp riboswitch aptamers (ct-e88 and cb-17b) bind c-di-gmp with nanomolar affinity, and that ct-e88 rna binds 2'-f-c-di-gmp 422 times less tightly than class i vc2 rna. based on sequence comparison, it was conclude ... | 2014 | 24430255 |
| inhibition of the adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-sulfotransferase activity from spinach, maize, and chlorella by adenosine-5'-monophosphate. | adenosin-5'-phosphosulfate (aps) sulfotransferase from higher plants and algae seems to be regulated by adenosine-5'-monophosphate, an endproduct of the aps-sulfotransferase reaction. this was found in crude extracts of spinacea oleracea l. and zea mays l. and with partially purified aps-sulfotransferase fractions from chlorella pyrenoidosa. half-maximal inhibition with adenosine-5'-monophosphate, was found to be (a) 1.3 mm for spinacea; (b) 1.3 mm for zea; and (c) 1.6 mm for chlorella. this inh ... | 1975 | 24430289 |
| relative thermostability of the chloroplast envelope. | intact isolated chloroplasts from leaves of spinacia oleracea l. were subjected to heat treatment. after heating, the integrity of the chloroplast envelopes and the activities of various light-dependent chloroplast reactions were tested. the integrity of the chloroplast envelopes, as judged from rates of ferricyanide reduction, enzyme compartmentation and visual appearance of the chloroplasts in the light microscope with phase optics, was affected much less by heat stress than the photochemical ... | 1975 | 24430479 |
| phosphoglycolate phosphatase: purification and preparation of antibodies. | phosphoglycolate phosphatase was partially purified from leaves of nicotiana rustica using ion exchange and chromatofocusing columns. the native molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be about 58 kd from ferguson plots, with a subunit size of about 32 kd. the native enzyme is thus likely to be a dimer. a polyclonal antibody prepared against the lds denatured enzyme cross reacted with proteins from nicotiana tabacum, glycine max, spinacea oleracea and arabidopsis thaniana. there was lit ... | 1987 | 24430563 |
| hydrogen peroxide production and the release of carbon dioxide during glycollate oxidation in leaf peroxisomes. | the rate at which h2o2 becomes available during glycollate oxidation for further oxidation reactions, especially that of glyoxylate to formate and co2, in peroxisomes from spinach-beet (beta vulgaris l., var. vulgaris) leaves has been determined by measuring o2 uptake in the presence and absence of added catalase. the rates observed under air and pure o2 were sufficient to account for the (14)co2 released from [l-(14)c]glycollate under these conditions; the two reactions showed similar character ... | 1976 | 24430751 |
| protection of photosynthetic o2 evolution against heat inactivation: the role of chloride, ph and coupling status. | heat inactivation of photosynthetic o2 evolution was studied in isolated thylakoids from spinach (spinacia oleracea) and mangrove (avicennia marina) leaves. different temperatures, salt, ph and uncoupler effects were investigated. from these results and others in the literature it was concluced that chloride loss from the membrane and, more specifically, the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem ii, may be the cause of inhibition of oxygen evolution during heat inactivation. | 1988 | 24430859 |
| lamellar superoxide dismutase of isolated chloroplasts. | photooxidation of hydroxylamine to nitrite by spinach (spinacia oleracea l. and sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.) chloroplast lamellae in the presence of autoxidable electron acceptors is inhibited by either solubilized or membrane-bound superoxide dismutase (sod). this inhibition is reversed by kcn. the rates of hydroxylamine photooxidation by chloroplast lamellae, a reaction which is apparently driven by the superoxide free-radical ion, was used for quantitating the amount of sod bound to chloropla ... | 1975 | 24435081 |
| dark starvation and plant metabolism : ii. co2 fixation in isolated chloroplasts. | the fixation pattern of radioactive labelled photosynthetic intermediates was followed under steady state conditions during prolonged dark starvation of spinach plants (spinacia oleracea l.). it is suggested that the considerable increase of radioactive dihydroxyacetonephosphate is correlated with a specific leakage of the outer chloroplast envelope induced by dark starvation. the primary fixation product, phosphoglyceric acid, followed the same decreasing tendency as observed for the net co2 fi ... | 1975 | 24435230 |
| dark starvation and plant metabolism : iii. co2 fixation and the distribution of radioactive intermediates in leaf discs from spinach plants. | when leaf discs from spinach plants (spinacia oleracea l.) maintained in the dark for several days were subsequently illuminated, the decrease of incorporated (14)co2 measured under steady state conditions was found to be accompanied by an altered fixation pattern. substances found to contain a significantly lower label, were malate and aspartate. in contrast, an enhanced incorporation of radioactivity was observed for those substances known to be formed during light respiration. since the same ... | 1975 | 24435231 |
| a sulfotransferase from spinach leaves using adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. | active sulfotransferase can be extracted from spinach (spinacea oleracea l.) leaves (and other higher plants) using a buffer system containing 0.1 m kcl and thiol reagents. this sulfotransferase is labile, it can, however, be stabilized by storage in 70% ammonium sulfate containing 10 mm mercaptoethanol. this extract will reduce labelled adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (aps) and 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (paps) to acid-volatile radioactivity when dithioerythrol is added. the reduction fr ... | 1975 | 24435265 |
| formation of c-4 dicarboxylic acids by intact spinach chloroplasts. | it is concluded from (14)c labelling kinetics as well as from enzyme analysis that formation of malate and aspartate from glycerate-3p via carboxylation of p-enolpyruvate occurs in isolated photosynthesizing spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) chloroplasts. carbon incorporation into both dicarboxylic acids was about 1% of the total co2 fixation. both acids are suggested to act as substrates for counter exchange for glutamate and α-ketoglutarate. | 1975 | 24435300 |
| localization of the c4 and c 3 pathways of photosynthesis in the leaves of pennisetum purpureum and other c4 species. insignificance of phenol oxidase. | mesophyll protoplasts and bundle-sheath cells of pennisetum purpureum schum., a c4 plant with low phenol-oxidase activity, were enzymatically separated according to methods recently developed with sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.), maize (zea mays l.), and sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.). the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and nadp-malic dehydrogenase of the c4 pathway were found to be localized in the mesophyll protoplasts while ribulose-1,5-diphosphate (rudp) carboxylase, phosphoribulokinase ... | 1974 | 24442563 |
| uptake and reduction of glycerate by isolated chloroplasts. | intact chloroplasts of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) evolve o2 in the light in a glycerate-dependent reaction at rates usually close to 10 μmolxmg(-1) chlorophyllxh(-1). glycerate isfirst phosphorylated and the resulting phosphoglycerate reduced to the sugar level. products of the reaction are the intermediates of the calvin cycle and glycolate. the ratio of triosephosphates to phosphoglycerate is higher under low light or at a low ph than under high light or at a high ph. chloroplasts contain ... | 1974 | 24442616 |
| amino acid permeability of the chloroplast envelope as measured by light scattering, volumetry and amino acid uptake. | the amino acid permeability of the envelope of intact, functional spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) chloroplasts was investigated by light scattering, volumetry and uptake of (14)c-labelled amino acids. the criterion for the functionally of the chloroplasts was their ability to reduce co2, pga and oxaloacetate in the light at high rates.net uptake into the chloroplast interior of neutral amino acids such as alanine, glycine, serine, proline, threonine or valine occurred only at very low rates. the ... | 1974 | 24442617 |
| separation and characterization of two inorganic pyrophosphatases from spinach leaves. | two inorganic pyrophosphatases (pyrophosphate phosphohydrolase, e.c.3.6.1.1) have been identified in spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) leaves. the two isoenzymes were readily separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by isoelectric focusing between ph 4 and 6. one isoenzyme is located in the chloroplasts whereas the other form was isolated from the soluble "cytoplasmic" fraction. in addition, a third form appeared when the isolation procedure started from a crude extract from whole leaves ... | 1974 | 24442653 |
| [the influence of starch on the activity of pyrophosphatase from isolated spinach chloroplasts]. | the activity of the inorganic pyrophosphatase from isolated spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) chloroplasts is strongly dependent upon the addition of magnesium ions. since the complex of the bivalent ion with inorganic pyrophosphate is the real substrate, a definite mg(2+)/na4p2o7-ratio is required for maximum activity. when the activity was measured in particle-free extracts from chloroplasts, this ratio was shown to be approximately 3. however, an increase up to 10 was observed in the presence of ... | 1974 | 24442654 |
| leaf anatomical and photosynthetic acclimation to cool temperature and high light in two winter versus two summer annuals. | acclimation of foliar features to cool temperature and high light was characterized in winter (spinacia oleracea l. cv. giant nobel; arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynhold col-0 and ecotypes from sweden and italy) versus summer (helianthus annuus l. cv. soraya; cucurbita pepo l. cv. italian zucchini romanesco) annuals. significant relationships existed among leaf dry mass per area, photosynthesis, leaf thickness and palisade mesophyll thickness. while the acclimatory response of the summer annuals t ... | 2014 | 24450735 |
| association between photosynthesis and contrasting features of minor veins in leaves of summer annuals loading phloem via symplastic versus apoplastic routes. | foliar vascular anatomy and photosynthesis were evaluated for a number of summer annual species that either load sugars into the phloem via a symplastic route (cucumis sativus l. cv. straight eight; cucurbita pepo l. cv. italian zucchini romanesco; citrullus lanatus l. cv. faerie hybrid; cucurbita pepo l. cv. autumn gold) or an apoplastic route (nicotiana tabacum l.; solanum lycopersicum l. cv. brandywine; gossypium hirsutum l.; helianthus annuus l. cv. soraya), as well as winter annual apoplast ... | 2014 | 24450755 |
| the stability of electron transport in in vitro chloroplast membranes. | the stability and stabilization of the electron transport system of chloroplast membranes under physiological conditions of temperature and illumination were studied in relation to two separate and often competing mechanisms of decay. photochemical inactivation (photoinhibition) of the electron transport system of ageing spinach chloroplasts was not normally found to limit stability even at saturating light intensities. only when the membranes were protected from dark (fatty acid) inhibition did ... | 1982 | 24458288 |
| molecular structure and subcellular localization of spinach leaf glycolate oxidase. | glycolate oxidase (e.c. 1.1.3.1) was purified from spinach leaves (spinacia oleracea). the molecular weight of the native protein was determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation to be 290,000 daltons (13s), whereas that of the monomeric form was 37,000 daltons. the quaternary structure of the holoenzyme is likely to be octameric, analogous to pumpkin cotyledon glycolate oxidase [nishimura et al, 1982]. the subcellular localization of the enzyme was studied using linear sucrose density ... | 1983 | 24458389 |
| molecular structure and subcellular localization of spinach leaf glycolate oxidase. | glycolate oxidase (e.c. 1.1.3.1) was purified from spinach leaves (spinacia oleracea). the molecular weight of the native protein was determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation to be 290,000 daltons (13s), whereas that of the monomeric form was 37,000 daltons. the quaternary structure of the holoenzyme is likely to be octameric, analogous to pumpkin cotyledon glycolate oxidase [nishimura et al, 1982]. the subcellular localization of the enzyme was studied using linear sucrose density ... | 1983 | 24458446 |
| reactivation by chloride of hill activity in heat- and tris-treated thylakoid membranes from beta vulgaris. | hill activity (photoreduction of 2,6,dichlorophenol indophenol) of heat inactivated (40°c, 3 min) and tris-washed (0.8m, ph 8.3) thylakoids of beta vulgaris (beet-spinach) was partially restored if they were incubated with 150 mm mgcl2 prior to the assay. mg(no3)2 or mgso4 were unable to restore this activity. the extent of this reactivation was dependent upon the degree of inactivation by heating and upon the composition of the isolation and the resuspension buffer used during the heat treatmen ... | 1984 | 24458606 |
| temperature dependence of the permeability of chloroplasts from chilling-sensitive and chilling-resistant plants. | osmotic responses of chloroplasts from chilling-resistant (pisum sativum l., spinacia oleracea l.) and chilling-sensitive (phaseolus vulgaris l., lycopersicon esculentum mill.) plants to glycerol and erythritol were determined from 1° to 28°. the permeability of the chloroplast limiting membranes, as measured by reflection coefficients, decreased when the temperature was raised. for pisum and spinacia the curves relating reflection coefficients and temperature were smooth, while for phaseolus an ... | 1974 | 24458931 |
| [behavior of a mitochondrial population in the shoot apex of spinach]. | in spinach (spinacia oleracea) certain mitochondria of the sporogenic promeristem would appear to show lysosomal involvement. this occasional involvement occurs when the photoperiodic conditions do not favor flowering. the mitochondrial morphological changes indicate increase in the production of membrane. the acid phosphatase activity normally found in the neighbourhood of the dictyosomes is present. | 1974 | 24458994 |
| heavy metal contamination of vegetables in isfahan, iran. | vegetables are an inevitable and important part of a healthy and balanced diet. they could be contaminated by heavy metals in many ways including irrigation by sewage water and industrial effluents sewage sludge, vehicular emissions, industrial waste and atmospheric deposition. in this study, we sought to determine if some vegetables (cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, lettuce, potatoes, onions, carrots, persian leeks, dill, spinach, coriander, parsley) grown locally in the suburban of isfahan city a ... | 2013 | 24459476 |
| revisiting the classification of curtoviruses based on genome-wide pairwise identity. | members of the genus curtovirus (family geminiviridae) are important pathogens of many wild and cultivated plant species. until recently, relatively few full curtovirus genomes have been characterised. however, with the 19 full genome sequences now available in public databases, we revisit the proposed curtovirus species and strain classification criteria. using pairwise identities coupled with phylogenetic evidence, revised species and strain demarcation guidelines have been instituted. specifi ... | 2014 | 24463952 |
| the protective effect of sugars on chloroplast membranes during temperature and water stress and its relationship to frost, desiccation and heat resistance. | freezing, desiccation and high-temperature stress may under certain conditions result in inactivation of electron transport (dcip reduction) and cyclic photophosphorylation of isolated chloroplast membranes of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.). when sugars are present during temperature and water stress, the thylakoids may be partially or completely protected. this membrane stabilization depends on the concentration of sugars and their molecular size. the trisaccharide raffinose is, on a molar basi ... | 1973 | 24468903 |
| [isolation and properties of mitochondria from leaves of spinacia oleracea and beta vulgaris]. | from mature green leaves of spinacia oleracea and beta vulgaris a fraction has been obtained which is enriched in mitochondria. washed leaves were crushed in a meat-mill in an isotonic or slightly hypertonic medium containing sucrose, edta, mgso4, bovine serum albumin, mercaptoethanol, kh2po4, and hepes as a buffer substance. after squeezing through nylon the suspension was centrifuged first at 1500xg, and following removal of the sediment a second time at 25000xg. after resuspension in a washin ... | 1971 | 24488246 |
| absence of internalization of escherichia coli o157:h7 into germinating tissue of field-grown leafy greens. | both growth chamber and field studies were conducted to investigate the potential for escherichia coli o157:h7 to be internalized into leafy green tissue when seeds were germinated in contaminated soil. internalized e. coli o157:h7 was detected by enrichment in both spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) and lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) seedlings when seeds were germinated within the growth chamber in autoclaved and nonautoclaved soil, respectively, contaminated with e. coli o157:h7 at 2.0 and 3.8 log cf ... | 2014 | 24490912 |
| thermal inactivation of human norovirus surrogates in spinach and measurement of its uncertainty. | leafy greens, including spinach, have potential for human norovirus transmission through improper handling and/or contact with contaminated water. inactivation of norovirus prior to consumption is essential to protect public health. because of the inability to propagate human noroviruses in vitro, murine norovirus (mnv-1) and feline calicivirus (fcv-f9) have been used as surrogates to model human norovirus behavior under laboratory conditions. the objectives of this study were to determine therm ... | 2014 | 24490922 |
| [differences in the light-activation of nadp-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and of ribulose-5-phosphate kinase between plants containing the calvin and those containing the c4-dicarboxylic acid pathway of photosynthetic carbon reduction]. | 1. preceding experiments had shown that irradiance of intact leaves or of isolated chloroplasts causes a reversible increase in the activity of nadp-gpd (ziegler and ziegler, 1965) as well as of ribulose-5-phosphate kinase (latzko and gibbs, 1969). examination of several species which carry out the calvin type of photosynthetic co2 fixation (vicia faba, spinacia oleracea, nicotiana tabacum, avena sativa) now revealed that the dark level of nadp-gpd activity ranges between 300-400 μmol nadph/mg c ... | 1971 | 24493083 |
| interpretations on chloroplast reproduction derived from correlations between cells and chloroplasts. | the size ranges of chloroplasts in living mesophyll cells of spinacia oleracea, allium cepa, beta vulgaris (swiss chard and red beet) and nicotiana glutinosa are extremely wide, e.g., ranging from about 6 µ(2) to 103 µ(2) in face area for spinach. moreover, the size distributions are positively skewed. we interpret the size range and skewed size distributions primarily to reflect an enormous growth of the bulk of the chloroplasts from small, equal-sized chloroplasts produced by fission of a smal ... | 1971 | 24493165 |
| laser optical sensor, a label-free on-plate salmonella enterica colony detection tool. | we investigated the application capabilities of a laser optical sensor, bardot (bacterial rapid detection using optical scatter technology) to generate differentiating scatter patterns for the 20 most frequently reported serovars of salmonella enterica. initially, the study tested the classification ability of bardot by using six salmonella serovars grown on brain heart infusion, brilliant green, xylose lysine deoxycholate, and xylose lysine tergitol 4 (xlt4) agar plates. highly accurate discrim ... | 2014 | 24496794 |
| [regulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in spinach chloroplasts by light]. | 1. the activity of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (d-glucose-6-phosphate: nadph oxidoreductase, ec 1.1.1.49) in the homogenate of illuminated leaves of spinacea oleracea l. (30 min with 30000 lux) is about 30% lower than in the dark controls. 2. illumination of isolated chloroplasts (10000 lux) causes a fast inhibition of the enzyme activity which reaches about 45% after 20 min. 3. the activity of the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-phospho d-gluconate: nadp(+) oxidoreductase, ec 1.1. ... | 1970 | 24496814 |
| effects of some phenoloxidase inhibitors on chloroplasts and carboxylating enzymes of sugar cane and spinach. | a number of additives have been tested for their effects on o-diphenol: o2 oxidoreductase activity of cane leaves. the most inhibitory compounds were thioglycollate, β-mercaptoethanol, polyethylene glycol and bovine serum albumin. sulphydryl (sh) compounds did not affect rates of photosynthetic co2 assimilation when used at concentrations below 10(-2) m. however, in the presence of mn(++) ions they contributed to an o2 consumption which masked photosynthetic o2 evolution. addition of sh compound ... | 1970 | 24496906 |
| genetic diversity of functional food species spinacia oleracea l. by protein markers. | exploration of genetic diversity contributes primarily towards crop improvement. spinaciaoleracea l. is a functional food species but unfortunately the genetic diversity of this vegetable is still unexplored. therefore, this research was planned to explore the genetic diversity of s. oleracea by using morphological and protein markers. protein profile of 25 accessions was generated on sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel. total allelic variation of 27 bands was found. out of these, 20 were ... | 2014 | 24499432 |
| farm management, environment, and weather factors jointly affect the probability of spinach contamination by generic escherichia coli at the preharvest stage. | the national resources information (nri) databases provide underutilized information on the local farm conditions that may predict microbial contamination of leafy greens at preharvest. our objective was to identify nri weather and landscape factors affecting spinach contamination with generic escherichia coli individually and jointly with farm management and environmental factors. for each of the 955 georeferenced spinach samples (including 63 positive samples) collected between 2010 and 2012 o ... | 2014 | 24509926 |
| evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification suite for the rapid, reliable, and robust detection of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in produce. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains are a leading cause of produce-associated outbreaks in the united states. rapid, reliable, and robust detection methods are needed to better ensure produce safety. we recently developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) suite for stec detection. in this study, the stec lamp suite was comprehensively evaluated against real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) using a large panel of bacterial strains (n = 156) and various produce items (s ... | 2014 | 24509927 |
| trace level voltammetric determination of heavy metals and total mercury in tea matrices (camellia sinensis). | an analytical procedure regarding the voltammetric determination of mercury(ii), copper(ii), lead(ii), cadmium(ii) and zinc(ii) by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (swasv) in matrices involved in food chain is proposed. in particular, tea leaves were analysed as real samples. the digestion of each matrix was carried out using a concentrated hcl-hno3-h2so4 acidic attack mixture; 0.01 mol l(-1) edta-na2 + 0.15 mol l(-1) nacl + 0.5 mol l(-1) hcl was employed as the supporting electrolyte. t ... | 2013 | 24513061 |
| enhanced photosynthetic activity in spinacia oleracea by spectral modification with a photoluminescent light converting material. | the spectral conversion of incident sunlight by appropriate photoluminescent materials has been a widely studied issue for improving the efficiency of photovoltaic solar energy harvesting. by using phosphors with suitable excitation/emission properties, also the light conditions for plants can be adjusted to match the absorption spectra of chlorophyll dyes, in this way increasing the photosynthetic activity of the plant. here, we report on the application of this principle to a high plant, spina ... | 2013 | 24514932 |
| detection of cdt toxin genes in campylobacter spp. strains isolated from broiler carcasses and vegetables in são paulo, brazil. | campylobacteriosis is a worldwide distributed zoonosis. one of the main virulence factors related to campylobacter spp. in animals and humans is the cytolethal distending toxin (cdt), encoded by three adjacent genes (cdta, cdtb, cdtc). the occurrence of campylobacter spp. in samples of vegetables has not been reported in brazil yet, and has seldom been described in the international literature. the detection of cdt in these strains has not been reported, either. the objectives of the present stu ... | 2014 | 24516435 |
| the effect of excess moisture on the germination of spinacia oleracea l. | the reversible inhibition of the germination of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) seeds in conditions which are even slightly wetter than optimal has been traced to the production, in a wet environment, of a layer of mucilage around and within the fruit coat which surrounds the true seed. such wet seeds may however germinate readily when the temperature is lowered, or the oxygen pressure of the environment is raised, or the intact seeds are placed for a short time in hydrogen peroxide before being ... | 1968 | 24519211 |
| [the role of phosphorylase in starch metabolism in plastids]. | two phosphorylases could be detected on gel-electropherograms of leaf-extracts of spinacia oleracea and of immature cotyledons of vicia faba. these two phosphorylases could be separated by means of ammonium sulfate fractionation. both the slower migrating phosphorylases from spinach and from beans, but not the fast one from beans, could be adsorbed on amyloplasts. this process takes place only when the amyloplasts are suspended in a salt medium. the slow phosphorylases can also be adsorbed on ch ... | 1968 | 24522870 |
| detection of five shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli genes with multiplex pcr. | escherichia coli serogroup o157 is the pathogen most commonly associated with foodborne disease outbreaks, but epidemiological studies suggest that non-o157 shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) is a major player as well. the ten most clinically relevant stecs belong to serogroups o26, o103, o111, o145, o157, o91, o113, o128, o45, and o121; but emerging strains, such as o104:h4 that was identified with the 2011 german outbreak, could become more prevalent in the future. a 75-min conventional mult ... | 2014 | 24549195 |
| [studies on the backward-reactions in the xanthophyll-cycle of chlorella, spinacia and taxus]. | the epoxidation of zeaxanthin to the di-epoxide violaxanthin via the mono-epoxide antheraxanthin (called the backward-reaction), is examined with several plant objects and under various conditions.in chlorella and in the needles of taxus baccata a backward-conversion can be observed immediately after the termination of strong illumination. the reaction can be accelerated somewhat by exposure of the plant material to pure o2 or dim light.one cannot observe such an epoxidation in leaf disks of spi ... | 1967 | 24549422 |
| some physiological responses to d,l abscisin (dormin). | the responses to synthetic d,l abscisin have been studied in a variety of tests. when fed in aqueous solution continuously to leaves of seedlings growing under long day conditions, d,l abscisin caused the cessation of extension growth and the formation of typical resting-buds in betula pubescens, acer pseudoplatanus and ribes nigrum. abscisin also inhibited the growth of non-dormant buds of potato when applied to the whole tubers, but was much less effective when applied to isolated tuber plugs. ... | 1967 | 24554370 |
| [hill reaction and photophosphorylation of isolated chloroplasts in relation to water content : i. removal of water by means of concentrated solutions]. | 1. water was removed by means of concentrated solutions from chloroplasts which were isolated from leaves of spinach and beets. during and after the dehydration hill reaction and cyclic photophosphorylation with pms as a cofactor were investigated. as osmotic amterial glucose, sucrose, lutrol and nacl were used. 2. no depression of ferricyanide reduction was obtained in 3 m sugar solution and in 2.5 m lutrol solution. these concentrations correspond to a loss of water amounting to 90% of the tot ... | 1967 | 24554371 |
| [hill reaction and photophosphorylation of isolated chloroplasts in relation to water content : ii. removal of water by cacl2]. | 1. isolated chloroplasts from leaves of spinach and beets were dehydrated by drying for 3 hours in vacuo over cacl2 at +2°c in the absence and in the presence of different substances. after rehydration ferricyanide reduction, cyclic photophosphorylation with psm as cofactor, noncyclic photophosphorylation and the level of free sh groups were investigated. furthermore, the quantity of water bound under the conditions of the test by the chloroplast lamellae and by the different substances was dete ... | 1967 | 24554402 |
| in-situ fluorescent immunomagnetic multiplex detection of foodborne pathogens in very low numbers. | consumption of foods contaminated with pathogenic bacteria is a major public health concern. foods contain microorganisms, the overwhelming majority of which are nonpathogenic, some are responsible for food spoilage, and some cause serious illness leading to death or a variety of diseases in humans. the key challenge in food safety is to rapidly screen foods to determine the presence of pathogens so that appropriate intervention protocols can be pursued. a simple fluorometric immunological metho ... | 2014 | 24583684 |
| deodorization of garlic breath volatiles by food and food components. | the ability of foods and beverages to reduce allyl methyl disulfide, diallyl disulfide, allyl mercaptan, and allyl methyl sulfide on human breath after consumption of raw garlic was examined. the treatments were consumed immediately following raw garlic consumption for breath measurements, or were blended with garlic prior to headspace measurements. measurements were done using a selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometer. chlorophyllin treatment demonstrated no deodorization in comparison to the ... | 2014 | 24592995 |
| establishment of three new genera in the family geminiviridae: becurtovirus, eragrovirus and turncurtovirus. | the family geminiviridae includes plant-infecting circular single-stranded dna viruses that have geminate particle morphology. members of this family infect both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants and have a nearly global distribution. with the advent of new molecular tools and low-cost sequencing, there has been a significant increase in the discovery of new geminiviruses in various cultivated and non-cultivated plants. in this communication, we highlight the establishment of three new ... | 2014 | 24658781 |
| study on individual and interactive effects of supplemental uv-b radiation and heavy metals on spinacea oleracea. | the effects of supplemental ultraviolet-b (suv-b) irradiation and heavy metals (cd and ni) treatment alone and in combination were evaluated on the growth, biomass and yield of spinach plants. all the stresses caused reduction in biomass yield vis-a-vis alteration in its distribution pattern with more retention in below ground parts leading to higher root shoot ratio. absolute growth rate (agr) decreased in all treated plants due to reduction in their height at successive growth stages. decrease ... | 2014 | 24665758 |
| evaluation of the thermo scientific suretect listeria monocytogenes assay. | the thermo scientific suretect listeria monocytogenes assay is a new real-time pcr assay for the detection of listeria monocytogenes in food and environmental samples. this assay was validated using the aoac research institute (aoac-ri) performance tested methods program in comparison to the reference method detailed in international organization for standardization 11290-1:1996, including amendment 1:2004 with the following foods and food contact surfaces: smoked salmon, processed cheese, fresh ... | 2014 | 24672870 |
| soluble expression of spinach psbc gene in escherichia coli and in vitro reconstitution of cp43 coupled with chlorophyll a only. | cp43 is a chlorophyll a (chl a) and β-carotene (β-car) binding protein encoded by psbc gene. in this study, psbc gene isolated from spinach was expressed in escherichia coli in soluble state. after lysis of the cells, the apoproteins purified by nickel affinity chromatography were examined by sds-page and western-blot. next, reconstitution experiment was carried out in vitro and the formation of stable pigment-protein complex was analyzed by partially denaturing electrophoresis. after purifying ... | 2014 | 24675567 |
| nitrate determination of vegetables in varzeghan city, north-western iran. | background vegetables play an important role in human nutrition. nitrate content is a signifi-cant quality criterion to determine characteristic of vegetables. about 80% of nitrate intake in human is from vegetables and fruits. high dietary intake of nitrate is seen as an undesirable be-cause of its association with gastric cancer and infantile methemoglobinemia. varzeghan, north¬western iran is one of the cities with high age-standardized incidence rates (asr) of gastric can¬cer in iran. curren ... | 2012 | 24688941 |
| naphthoquinone spiroketals and organic extracts from the endophytic fungus edenia gomezpompae as potential herbicides. | from the fermentation mycelium of the endophytic fungus edenia gomezpompae were obtained several phytotoxic compounds including two new members of the naphthoquinone spiroketal family, namely, palmarumycin eg1 (1) and preussomerin eg4 (4). in addition, preussomerins eg1-eg3 (7-9) and palmarumycins cp19 (2), cp17 (3), and cp2 (6), as well as ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (5), were obtained. compounds 2, 3, and 5 are new to this species. the structures of palmarumycins cp19 (2) and cp17 (3) w ... | 2014 | 24689520 |
| pre-harvest nitrogen and azoxystrobin application enhances raw product quality and post-harvest shelf-life of baby spinach (spinacia oleracea l.). | baby spinach was cultivated under spring or winter conditions to investigate the effect of azoxystrobin and, only in the winter cycle, of nitrogen fertilisation (0, 80 and 120 kg ha(-1) of n) on yield and product morphological traits at harvest and on the physical, visual, bio-physiological, nutritional and anti-nutritional characteristics change during cold storage. | 2014 | 24700092 |
| food-based strategies for depression management from iranian traditional medicine resources. | considering the increasing prevalence of depression in contemporary societies, general tendency for safer treatments with fewer side effects has recently been a subject of interest. | 2014 | 24719737 |
| escherichia coli ric is able to donate iron to iron-sulfur clusters. | escherichia coli ric (repair of iron centers) is a diiron protein previously reported to be involved in the repair of iron-sulfur proteins damaged by oxidative or nitrosative stresses, and proposed to act as an iron donor. this possible role of ric was now examined specifically by evaluating its ability to donate iron ions to apo-iron-sulfur proteins, determining the iron binding constants and assessing the lability of its iron ions. we show, by uv-visible, epr and resonance raman spectroscopies ... | 2014 | 24740378 |
| mechanistic studies on formation of the dinitrosyl iron complex of the [2fe-2s] cluster of soxr protein. | the transcriptional activation of soxr in escherichia coli occurs through direct modification of the [2fe-2s] by nitric oxide (no) to form a dinitrosyl iron complex (dnic). here, we investigated the reactions of no with [2fe-2s] clusters of soxr; the results were compared with those obtained for spinach ferredoxin (fd). uv-visible absorption and esr spectra of soxr upon treatment with an no donor showed the formation of dnic of soxr efficiently, whereas those of fd exhibited small changes. upon ... | 2014 | 24747116 |
| antioxidant effects of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) supplementation in hyperlipidemic rats. | increased consumption of fresh vegetables that are high in polyphenols has been associated with a reduced risk of oxidative stress-induced disease. the present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effects of spinach in vitro and in vivo in hyperlipidemic rats. for measurement of in vitro antioxidant activity, spinach was subjected to hot water extraction (we) or ethanol extraction (ee) and examined for total polyphenol content (tpc), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac), cellular antioxi ... | 2014 | 24772405 |
| pesticide residue monitoring in korean agricultural products, 2003-05. | between 2003 and 2005, a total of 11,716 samples were collected and analysed to determine the level of pesticides residues. multi-residue methods (mrms) capable of simultaneously determining 250 pesticides were used. of the 11,716 samples, 89.1% had no detectable residues and 1.7% had violative residues. the detection rates by commodity group were 11.4, 8.6, 0.3, and 0.02% for vegetables, fruit, grain, mushrooms, and the others, respectively. agricultural products with pesticide residues were pe ... | 2009 | 24784964 |
| nitrate and nitrite content in organically cultivated vegetables. | the nitrate and nitrite content of leaf vegetables (swiss chard, sea beet, spinach and cabbage), "inflorescence" vegetables (cauliflower) and fruit vegetables (eggplant and vegetable marrow) grown with organic fertilizers have been determined by a modified cadmium–griess method. samples were purchased from organic food stores as well as collected directly from an organic farm in madrid (spain). nitrate levels were much higher in the leaf vegetables (especially swiss chard species; average over t ... | 2010 | 24785312 |
| antioxidant assays - consistent findings from frap and orac reveal a negative impact of organic cultivation on antioxidant potential in spinach but not watercress or rocket leaves. | watercress (rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum), wild rocket (diplotaxis tenuifolia), and spinach (spinacia oleracea) are commercial crops reported to have high concentrations of antioxidants, possibly contributing to disease prevention following human consumption. following analysis of supermarket-purchased salad leaves, we report the antioxidant content potential of these species using two comparable techniques assessing the consistency between the assays - by the ferric reducing antioxidant power ( ... | 2013 | 24804054 |
| multiplex real-time pcr assays for detection of four seedborne spinach pathogens. | to develop multiplex taqman real-time pcr assays for detection of spinach seedborne pathogens that cause economically important diseases on spinach. | 2014 | 24823269 |
| colonization of plants by human pathogenic bacteria in the course of organic vegetable production. | in recent years, increasing numbers of outbreaks caused by the consumption of vegetables contaminated with human pathogenic bacteria were reported. the application of organic fertilizers during vegetable production is one of the possible reasons for contamination with those pathogens. in this study laboratory experiments in axenic and soil systems following common practices in organic farming were conducted to identify the minimal dose needed for bacterial colonization of plants and to identify ... | 2014 | 24829562 |
| validation of the ansr salmonella method for detection of salmonella spp. in a variety of foods. performance tested method 061203. | this study represents a proposal to extend the matrix claims for the ansr salmonella test, performance tested method 061203. the test is based on the nicking enzyme amplification reaction (near) isothermal nucleic acid amplification technology. the assay platform features simple instrumentation, minimal labor, and following a single-step 16-24 h enrichment (depending on sample type), an extremely short assay time of 30 min including sample preparation. detection is real-time using fluorescent mo ... | 2014 | 24830155 |
| growing and processing conditions lead to changes in the carotenoid profile of spinach. | this study aimed to evaluate the influence of different light regimens during spinach cultivation on the isomeric composition of β-carotene. irradiation with a halogen lamp, which has a wavelength spectrum close to that of daylight, was used to mimic field-grown conditions. the additional use of optical filters was established as a model system for greenhouse cultivation. field-grown model systems led to a preferential increase of 9-cis-β-carotene, whereas 13-cis-β-carotene was just formed at th ... | 2014 | 24831992 |
| crystal structure of cyanoq from the thermophilic cyanobacterium thermosynechococcus elongatus and detection in isolated photosystem ii complexes. | the psbq-like protein, termed cyanoq, found in the cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. pcc 6803 is thought to bind to the lumenal surface of photosystem ii (psii), helping to shield the mn4cao5 oxygen-evolving cluster. cyanoq is, however, absent from the crystal structures of psii isolated from thermophilic cyanobacteria raising the possibility that the association of cyanoq with psii might not be a conserved feature. here, we show that cyanoq (encoded by tll2057) is indeed expressed in the thermop ... | 2014 | 24838684 |
| infrared sensor-based aerosol sanitization system for controlling escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes on fresh produce. | an economical aerosol sanitization system was developed based on sensor technology for minimizing sanitizer usage, while maintaining bactericidal efficacy. aerosol intensity in a system chamber was controlled by a position-sensitive device and its infrared value range. the effectiveness of the infrared sensor-based aerosolization (isa) system to inactivate escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes on spinach leaf surfaces was compared with conventional aerosoli ... | 2014 | 24853521 |
| assessment of antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of spinach plants grown under low oxygen availability. | in the human diet, the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables is important in maintaining good health and in preventing chronic diseases. it is known that plant-derived food is a powerful source of chemopreventive molecules, i.e. antioxidants, and spinach (spinacia oleracea l., chenopodiaceae) possesses a wide range of metabolites with such biological activity. plant stress response could lead to the production of metabolites with high value for human health and this could be a tool to enhan ... | 2015 | 24862450 |
| a novel p700 redox kinetics probe for rapid, non-intrusive and whole-tissue determination of photosystem ii functionality, and the stoichiometry of the two photosystems in vivo. | we sought a rapid, non-intrusive, whole-tissue measure of the functional photosystem ii (ps ii) content in leaves. summation of electrons, delivered by a single-turnover flash to p700(+) (oxidized ps i primary donor) in continuous background far-red light, gave a parameter s in absorbance units after taking into account an experimentally determined basal electron flux that affects p700 redox kinetics. s was linearly correlated with the functional ps ii content measured by the o(2) yield per sing ... | 2014 | 24862879 |
| development and quality evaluation of value added instant rab mixes. | rab is a traditional rajasthani preparation prepared by boiling maize grits and or flour in buttermilk for 2-3 h. it is sour in taste with curd and cumin seed flavour and has thick soup like consistency. two instant mixes of rab were developed using two types of curds prepared from two different culture combination (i) s. lactis + s. thermophilus + s. diacetylactis and (ii) l. bulgaricus + s. diacetylactis. processed greengram dhal and spinach leaves powder were added to the mixes for their valu ... | 2014 | 24876647 |
| comparison of strand-specific transcriptomes of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 edl933 (ehec) under eleven different environmental conditions including radish sprouts and cattle feces. | multiple infection sources for enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 (ehec) are known, including animal products, fruit and vegetables. the ecology of this pathogen outside its human host is largely unknown and one third of its annotated genes are still hypothetical. to identify genetic determinants expressed under a variety of environmental factors, we applied strand-specific rna-sequencing, comparing the solid and illumina systems. | 2014 | 24885796 |
| differences in proton pumping and na/h exchange at the leaf cell tonoplast between a halophyte and a glycophyte. | the tonoplast na(+)/h(+) antiporter and tonoplast h(+) pumps are essential components of salt tolerance in plants. the objective of this study was to investigate the transport activity of the tonoplast na(+)/h(+) antiporter and the tonoplast v-h(+)-atpase and v-h(+)-ppase in a highly tolerant salt-accumulating halophyte, salicornia dolichostachya, and to compare these transport activities with activities in the related glycophyte spinacia oleracea. vacuolar membrane vesicles were isolated by den ... | 2014 | 24887002 |
| biosensor for selective detection of e. coli in spinach using the strong affinity of derivatized mannose with fimbrial lectin. | escherichia coli (e. coli) contamination in foods and water resources represents a major threat for human health and the environment. this work exploits the strong affinity of mannose-containing oligosaccharides with the fimbrial lectin of e. coli to design novel biosensors. modified carbohydrate ligands were synthesized by introducing phenyl residues and aliphatic chains to mannose via reductive amination in order to increase both the affinity and selectivity to e. coli compared to other pathog ... | 2014 | 24906084 |
| extraction of functional ingredients from spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) using liquid solvent and supercritical co₂ extraction. | in this work three different techniques were applied to extract dry leaves of spinach (spinacia oleracea): solid-liquid extraction (sle), pressurised liquid extraction (ple) and supercritical fluid extraction (sfe) to investigate the influence of extraction solvent and technique on extracts composition and antioxidant activity. moreover, the influence of carotenoids and phenolic compounds on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of spinach extracts was also studied. | 2015 | 24930815 |
| a new room temperature gas sensor based on pigment-sensitized tio2 thin film for amines determination. | a new room temperature gas sensor was fabricated with pigment-sensitized tio2 thin film as the sensing layer. four natural pigments were extracted from spinach (spinacia oleracea), red radish (raphanus sativus l), winter jasmine (jasminum nudiflorum), and black rice (oryza sativa l. indica) by ethanol. natural pigment-sensitized tio2 sensor was prepared by immersing porous tio2 films in an ethanol solution containing a natural pigment for 24h. the hybrid organic-inorganic formed films here were ... | 2015 | 24934102 |
| antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties of wines and winery byproducts in relation to their flavonoid content. | grapes produce organic compounds that may be involved in the defense of the plants against invading phytopathogens. these metabolites include numerous phenolic compounds that are also active against human pathogens. grapes are used to produce a variety of wines, grape juices, and raisins. grape pomace, seeds, and skins, the remains of the grapes that are a byproduct of winemaking, also contain numerous bioactive compounds that differ from those found in grapes and wines. this overview surveys an ... | 2014 | 24945318 |
| engineering cellulosic bioreactors by template assisted dna shuffling and in vitro recombination (tadsir). | the current study focuses on development of a bioreactor engineering strategy based on exploitation of the arabidopsis thaliana genome. chimeric a. thaliana glycosyl hydrolase (gh) gene libraries were assembled using a novel directed evolution strategy (tadsir: template assisted dna shuffling and in vitro recombination) that promotes dna recombination by reassembly of dna fragments on unique gene templates. tadsir was modeled using a set of algorithms designed to simulate dna interactions based ... | 2014 | 24950479 |
| coupling spore traps and quantitative pcr assays for detection of the downy mildew pathogens of spinach (peronospora effusa) and beet (p. schachtii). | downy mildew of spinach (spinacia oleracea), caused by peronospora effusa, is a production constraint on production worldwide, including in california, where the majority of u.s. spinach is grown. the aim of this study was to develop a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assay for detection of airborne inoculum of p. effusa in california. among oomycete ribosomal dna (rdna) sequences examined for assay development, the highest nucleotide sequence identity was observed between ... | 2014 | 24964150 |
| interaction of ascorbate with photosystem i. | ascorbate is one of the key participants of the antioxidant defense in plants. in this work, we have investigated the interaction of ascorbate with the chloroplast electron transport chain and isolated photosystem i (psi), using the epr method for monitoring the oxidized centers [formula: see text] and ascorbate free radicals. inhibitor analysis of the light-induced redox transients of p700 in spinach thylakoids has demonstrated that ascorbate efficiently donates electrons to [formula: see text] ... | 2014 | 24965848 |
| isolation and kinetic characterisation of hydrophobically distinct populations of form i rubisco. | rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) is a calvin cycle enzyme involved in co2 assimilation. it is thought to be a major cause of photosynthetic inefficiency, suffering from both a slow catalytic rate and lack of specificity due to a competing reaction with oxygen. revealing and understanding the engineering rules that dictate rubisco's activity could have a significant impact on photosynthetic efficiency and crop yield. | 2014 | 24987448 |