Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| effectiveness and safety of short vs. long duration of antibiotic therapy for acute bacterial sinusitis: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. | treatment guidelines generally support that a 10-14-day antibiotic regimen should be administered to uncomplicated acute bacterial sinusitis patients. however, the level of evidence for such a recommendation is rather weak. treatment of such duration may have disadvantages compared with a shorter duration but equally effective regimen, including the promotion of bacterial drug resistance, poorest patient compliance, higher toxicity, and a greater overall economic burden. | 2008 | 19154447 |
| effectiveness and safety of short vs. long duration of antibiotic therapy for acute bacterial sinusitis: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. | treatment guidelines generally support that a 10-14-day antibiotic regimen should be administered to uncomplicated acute bacterial sinusitis patients. however, the level of evidence for such a recommendation is rather weak. treatment of such duration may have disadvantages compared with a shorter duration but equally effective regimen, including the promotion of bacterial drug resistance, poorest patient compliance, higher toxicity, and a greater overall economic burden. | 2008 | 19154447 |
| antibiotics in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | 2009 | 19155354 | |
| the copd action plan. | 2009 | 19155371 | |
| penicillins vs trimethoprim-based regimens for acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. | to compare the effectiveness and toxicity of semisynthetic penicillins (ssps) (amoxicillin, ampicillin, pivampicillin) and trimethoprim-based regimens (trimethoprim, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim-sulfadiazine) in treating acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (abecb). | 2009 | 19155372 |
| a class of selective antibacterials derived from a protein kinase inhibitor pharmacophore. | as the need for novel antibiotic classes to combat bacterial drug resistance increases, the paucity of leads resulting from target-based antibacterial screening of pharmaceutical compound libraries is of major concern. one explanation for this lack of success is that antibacterial screening efforts have not leveraged the eukaryotic bias resulting from more extensive chemistry efforts targeting eukaryotic gene families such as g protein-coupled receptors and protein kinases. consistent with a foc ... | 2009 | 19164768 |
| nasopharyngeal carriage and antibiotic resistance of haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis in healthy school children in turkey. | 2009 | 19172078 | |
| susceptibilities of haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, including serotype 19a, and moraxella catarrhalis paediatric isolates from 2005 to 2007 to commonly used antibiotics. | the aim of this study was to evaluate susceptibility to common paediatric antibiotics for streptococcus pneumoniae, non-typeable haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis isolated from 2005 through 2007. | 2009 | 19174454 |
| p-glycoprotein-mediated transport of moxifloxacin in a calu-3 lung epithelial cell model. | moxifloxacin (mxf) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is effective against respiratory infections. however, the mechanisms of mxf lung diffusion are unknown. active transport in other tissues has been suggested for several members of the fluoroquinolone family. in this study, transport of mxf was systematically investigated across a calu-3 lung epithelial cell model. mxf showed polarized transport, with the secretory permeability being twice as high as the absorptive permeability. the secretor ... | 2009 | 19188390 |
| surveillance of pneumococcal-associated disease among hospitalized children in khanh hoa province, vietnam. | to understand the epidemiology of childhood bacterial diseases, including invasive pneumococcal disease, prospective surveillance was conducted among hospitalized children in nha trang, vietnam. | 2009 | 19191620 |
| repurposing libraries of eukaryotic protein kinase inhibitors for antibiotic discovery. | 2009 | 19193851 | |
| activity of the new cephalosporin ceftaroline against bacteraemia isolates from patients with community-acquired pneumonia. | the activity of ceftaroline, a novel cephalosporin, was evaluated against 1337 isolates from patients with bacteraemic community-acquired pneumonia (cap) requiring hospitalisation (including 119 haemophilus influenzae, 9 moraxella catarrhalis, 164 staphylococcus aureus, 1007 streptococcus pneumoniae and 38 streptococcus pyogenes). minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined by broth microdilution according to clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) guidelines, and suscept ... | 2009 | 19203863 |
| role of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | eighty per cent of the cases of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd) have an infective aetiology, atypical bacteria including mycoplasma pneumoniae accounting for 5-10 % of these. however, the importance of association of m. pneumoniae with episodes of aecopd still remains doubtful. the present study was therefore undertaken to delineate the extent of involvement of m. pneumoniae in patients with aecopd at a referral hospital in delhi, india. sputum samples and th ... | 2009 | 19208881 |
| pharmacological management of acute bronchiolitis. | this article reviews the current knowledge base related to the pharmacological treatments for acute bronchiolitis. bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory illness affecting infants worldwide. the mainstays of therapy include airway support, supplemental oxygen, and support of fluids and nutrition. frequently tried pharmacological interventions, such as ribavirin, nebulized bronchodilators, and systemic corticosteroids, have not been proven to benefit patients with bronchiolitis. antibiotics ... | 2008 | 19209271 |
| what are the implications for childhood pneumonia of successfully introducing hib and pneumococcal vaccines in developing countries? | 2008 | 19226734 | |
| pneumococcal vaccination and otitis media in australian aboriginal infants: comparison of two birth cohorts before and after introduction of vaccination. | aboriginal children in remote australia have high rates of complicated middle ear disease associated with streptococcus pneumoniae and other pathogens. we assessed the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination for prevention of otitis media in this setting. | 2009 | 19228431 |
| binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities. | faropenem demonstrated low mics (< or = 1 microg/ml) for all penicillin-susceptible and nonsusceptible pneumococci and exhibited very strong abilities to bind to streptococcus pneumoniae penicillin-binding proteins (pbps), except for pbp2x. the lower faropenem affinity for pbp2x did not affect mics for any strains tested, and only imipenem had lower mics, with much lower binding affinities for all pbps tested, than faropenem. | 2009 | 19237649 |
| sputum colour for diagnosis of a bacterial infection in patients with acute cough. | sputum colour plays an important role in the disease concepts for acute cough, both in the patients' and the doctors' view. however, it is unclear whether the sputum colour can be used for diagnosis of a bacterial infection. | 2009 | 19242860 |
| moraxella catarrhalis pneumonia in an aids patient: a case report. | moraxella catarrhalis pneumonia, although in the immunocompromised patients is very uncommon for community-acquired pneumonia (cap). it demonstrates a potential pathogen with high mortality when the presence of heavy numbers of organisms, intracellularly and extracellularly, in the sputum gram's stained smears confirmed by cultures. in 2007, the authors reported a case of a 28-year-old thai single male patient with acquired-immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and moraxella catarrhalis pneumonia who ... | 2009 | 19253807 |
| comparative in vitro susceptibilities of human mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas to a new investigational ketolide, cem-101. | mics were determined for an investigational ketolide, cem-101, and azithromycin, telithromycin, doxycycline, levofloxacin, clindamycin, and linezolid against 36 mycoplasma pneumoniae, 5 mycoplasma genitalium, 13 mycoplasma hominis, 15 mycoplasma fermentans, and 20 ureaplasma isolates. all isolates, including two macrolide-resistant m. pneumoniae isolates, were inhibited by cem-101 at < or = 0.5 microg/ml, making cem-101 the most potent compound tested. | 2009 | 19258276 |
| evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic odk0501 assay for detecting streptococcus pneumoniae antigen in sputum samples from patients with lower respiratory tract infection. | a novel, rapid, and noninvasive test (odk0501) to detect streptococcus pneumoniae antigen was evaluated in a japanese multicenter study. odk0501 uses polyclonal antibodies to detect c polysaccharide of s. pneumoniae from sputum samples by an immunochromatographic assay. the utility of odk0501 was evaluated for 161 adult patients with lower respiratory tract infection between march 2006 and march 2007. bacterial culture and identification, real-time pcr, and odk0501 assays were performed on sputu ... | 2009 | 19261775 |
| mouse models for human otitis media. | otitis media (om) remains the most common childhood disease and its annual costs exceed $5 billion. its potential for permanent hearing impairment also emphasizes the need to better understand and manage this disease. the pathogenesis of om is multifactorial and includes infectious pathogens, anatomy, immunologic status, genetic predisposition, and environment. recent progress in mouse model development is helping to elucidate the respective roles of these factors and to significantly contribute ... | 2009 | 19272362 |
| time for first antibiotic dose is not predictive for the early clinical failure of moderate-severe community-acquired pneumonia. | the time to first antibiotic dose (tfad) has been mentioned as an important performance indicator in community-acquired pneumonia (cap). however, the advice to minimise tfad to 4 hours (4 h) is only based on database studies. we prospectively studied the effect of minimising the tfad on the early clinical outcome of moderate-severe cap. on admission, patients' medical data and tfad were recorded. early clinical failure was expressed as the proportion of patients with clinical instability, admiss ... | 2009 | 19280235 |
| role of t-lymphocytes and pro-inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is the fourth leading cause of death in the us and a major worldwide healthcare problem. the pathophysiologic mechanisms that drive development and progression of this disease are complex and only poorly understood. while tobacco smoking is the primary risk factor, other disease processes also appear to play a role. components of the innate immune system (eg, macrophages and neutrophils) have long been believed to be important in the development of co ... | 2008 | 19281072 |
| the role for s-carboxymethylcysteine (carbocisteine) in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | prescription of mucoactive drugs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is increasing. this development in clinical practice arises, at least in part, from a growing understanding of the important role that exacerbation frequency, systemic inflammation and oxidative stress play in the pathogenesis of respiratory disease. s-carboxymethylcysteine (carbocisteine) is the most frequently prescribed mucoactive agent for long-term copd use in the uk. in addition to its mucoregulatory activity ... | 2008 | 19281081 |
| role of hrpa in biofilm formation of neisseria meningitidis and regulation of the hrpbas transcripts. | two-partner secretion systems of gram-negative organisms are utilized in adherence, invasion, and biofilm formation. the hrpab proteins of neisseria meningitidis are members of a two-partner secretion system, and hrpa is established as being important to adherence and intracellular escape. this study set out to determine the expression pattern of members of the hrpbas putative operon and to find a functional role for the hrpa protein. the upregulation of these genes was found in situations of an ... | 2009 | 19289515 |
| causative agent distribution and antibiotic therapy assessment among adult patients with community acquired pneumonia in chinese urban population. | knowledge of predominant microbial patterns in community-acquired pneumonia (cap) constitutes the basis for initial decisions about empirical antimicrobial treatment, so a prospective study was performed during 2003-2004 among cap of adult chinese urban populations. | 2009 | 19292931 |
| novel ureas and thioureas of 15-membered azalides with antibacterial activity against key respiratory pathogens. | the new ureas and thioureas of 15-membered azalides, n''-substituted 9a-(n'-carbamoyl-gamma-aminopropyl) (4), 9a-(n'-thiocarbamoyl-gamma-aminopropyl) (6), 9a-[n'-(beta-cyanoethyl)-n'-(carbamoyl-gamma-aminopropyl)] (8) and 9a-[n'-(beta-cyanoethyl)-n'-(thiocarbamoyl-gamma-aminopropyl)] (10) of 9-deoxo-9-dihydro-9a-aza-9a-homoerythromycin a (2), were synthesized and structurally characterized by nmr and ir spectroscopic methods and mass spectrometry. the new compounds were evaluated in vitro agains ... | 2009 | 19303171 |
| the incidence of streptococcus pneumoniae otitis media is affected by the polymicrobial environment particularly moraxella catarrhalis in a mouse nasal colonisation model. | otitis media (om) is a highly prevalent paediatric disease with both bacterial and viral triggers of infection. this study has investigated how combinations of bacteria associated with nasal colonisation and the occurrence and absence of viral infection (sendai virus) induce om in a mouse nasal colonisation model. the respiratory virus significantly contributed to bacterial om for all bacterial combinations (p<0.001). streptococcus pneumoniae consistently dominated as the causative bacterium of ... | 2009 | 19306940 |
| comparative antipneumococcal activities of sulopenem and other drugs. | for 297 penicillin-susceptible, -intermediate, and -resistant pneumococcal strains, the sulopenem mic(50)s were 0.008, 0.06, and 0.25, respectively, and the sulopenem mic(90)s were 0.016, 0.25, and 0.5 microg/ml, respectively. the mic(50)s of amoxicillin for the corresponding strains were 0.03, 0.25, and 2.0 microg/ml, respectively, and the mic(90)s were 0.03, 1.0, and 8.0 microg/ml, respectively. the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanate gave mics similar to those obtained with amoxicillin ... | 2009 | 19307366 |
| epidemiologic and microbiologic characteristics of culture-positive spontaneous otorrhea in children with acute otitis media. | we aimed to describe the epidemiologic and microbiologic characteristics of acute otitis media (aom) with spontaneous otorrhea in children and compare it with aom with intact tympanic membrane in children who underwent tympanocentesis. | 2009 | 19319018 |
| update of cefditoren activity tested against community-acquired pathogens associated with infections of the respiratory tract and skin and skin structures, including recent pharmacodynamic considerations. | antimicrobial resistance rates have noticeably increased among commonly isolated species associated with respiratory tract infections and skin and skin structure infections, particularly streptococcus pneumoniae and staphylococcus aureus. cefditoren, an oral 3rd-generation-like cephalosporin, has been shown to be very active against many gram-positive and gram-negative species with favorable attributes including bactericidal activity and stability against many beta-lactamase enzymes. clinical tr ... | 2009 | 19321284 |
| identification of domains of the hag/mid surface protein recognized by systemic and mucosal antibodies in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease following clearance of moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is a common cause of respiratory tract infection in the setting of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). adults with copd acquire and clear strains of m. catarrhalis from the respiratory tract continuously and develop strain-specific protection following clearance of a strain. in previous work, we identified hag/mid (moraxella immunoglobulin d-binding protein), a large multifunctional surface protein that acts as an adhesin and hemagglutinin, as a target of antibody ... | 2009 | 19321697 |
| superantigen- and tlr-dependent activation of tonsillar b cells after receptor-mediated endocytosis. | classical b lymphocyte activation is dependent on bcr cross-linking in combination with physical interaction with th cells. other b cell molecules that contribute to the activation are complement, cytokine, and tlrs recognizing specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns. moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis is a common gram-negative respiratory pathogen that induces proliferation in human igd-expressing b cells independently of t cell help. the activation is initiated by the b cell superanti ... | 2009 | 19342647 |
| molecular characterization and identification of proteins regulated by hfq in neisseria meningitidis. | hfq is a highly conserved pleiotropically acting prokaryotic rna-binding protein involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of many stress-responsive genes by small rnas. in this study, we show that hfq of the strictly human pathogen neisseria meningitidis is involved in the regulation of expression of components involved in general metabolic pathways, iron metabolism and virulence. a meningococcal hfq deletion strain (h44/76deltahfq) is impaired in growth in nutrient-rich media and does no ... | 2009 | 19374669 |
| comparison of the pharmacodynamics of biapenem in bronchial epithelial lining fluid in healthy volunteers given half-hour and three-hour intravenous infusions. | the time above the mic (t>mic) is the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (pk/pd) parameter that correlates with the therapeutic efficacy of beta-lactam antibiotics. a prolonged infusion can provide plasma drug concentrations that remain above the mic for a long period. the objective of this study was to compare the pk/pd parameters in bronchial epithelial lining fluid (elf) of biapenem given as 0.5-h and 3-h infusions by using bronchoscopic microsampling (bms). six healthy adult volunteers received ... | 2009 | 19380601 |
| detection of streptococcus pneumoniae strain cocolonization in the nasopharynx. | colonization with more than one distinct strain of the same species, also termed cocolonization, is a prerequisite for horizontal gene transfer between pneumococcal strains that may lead to change of the capsular serotype. capsule switch has become an important issue since the introduction of conjugated pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines. there is, however, a lack of techniques to detect multiple colonization by s. pneumoniae strains directly in nasopharyngeal samples. two hundred eighty-seven ... | 2009 | 19386843 |
| pediatric asthma: a different disease. | asthma currently affects the lives of more than 30 million americans from infancy to the elderly. in many ways, pediatric asthma differs from adult asthma, including childhood-onset adult asthma. despite many advances in our understanding of the disease, the natural history of asthma is not well defined, especially in different subsets of patients. for many with allergic asthma the disease has its origins in early childhood, associated with early sensitization to aeroallergens and exposure to re ... | 2009 | 19387030 |
| comparison of in vitro activities of tigecycline with other antimicrobial agents against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis in two university hospitals in istanbul, turkey. | we compared the in vitro activities of tigecycline with those of other agents against 97 streptococcus pneumoniae, 140 haemophilus influenzae and 54 moraxella catarrhalis strains isolated in two large university hospitals in istanbul. | 2009 | 19390189 |
| phasevarions mediate random switching of gene expression in pathogenic neisseria. | many host-adapted bacterial pathogens contain dna methyltransferases (mod genes) that are subject to phase-variable expression (high-frequency reversible on/off switching of gene expression). in haemophilus influenzae, the random switching of the moda gene controls expression of a phase-variable regulon of genes (a "phasevarion"), via differential methylation of the genome in the moda on and off states. phase-variable mod genes are also present in neisseria meningitidis and neisseria gonorrhoeae ... | 2009 | 19390608 |
| evaluation of five commercial real-time pcr assays for detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae in respiratory tract specimens. | the performances of five commercial taqman real-time pcr assays for the detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae in respiratory tract specimens were evaluated in comparison with an in-house real-time pcr. all kits allowed prompt and specific results, validated by the use of an internal control. the nanogen kit showed the best clinical sensitivity. | 2009 | 19403761 |
| virulence mechanisms of moraxella in the pathogenesis of infection. | moraxella catarrhalis is an emerging human-specific pathogen responsible for upper and lower respiratory tract infections. understanding the events in the complex pathogenesis and underlying mechanisms during m. catarrhalis infection is a key to the development of novel therapeutics and vaccines. | 2009 | 19405217 |
| streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae at the initial stage of influenza. | streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae infections in children with influenza have been noted because of the severity of co-infection. in japan, vaccination against s. pneumoniae and h. influenzae infections has been listed in the vaccine program in 2008, but the characteristics of the two organisms, colonizing at the initial stage of influenza infection, have not been investigated in detail. | 2009 | 19419515 |
| evaluation of the oxoid xpect legionella test kit for detection of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 antigen in urine. | we evaluated a new immunochromatographic assay (oxoid xpect legionella test kit) for the ability to detect legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 antigen in urine. the results were compared with those obtained with the binax now urinary antigen test by following the manufacturers' instructions. the sensitivities and specificities were estimated to be 89 and 100%, respectively, for the oxoid xpect legionella test kit and 86 and 100%, respectively, for the binax now test. | 2009 | 19420163 |
| identification of genes contributing to the virulence of francisella tularensis schu s4 in a mouse intradermal infection model. | francisella tularensis is a highly virulent human pathogen. the most virulent strains belong to subspecies tularensis and these strains cause a sometimes fatal disease. despite an intense recent research effort, there is very limited information available that explains the unique features of subspecies tularensis strains that distinguish them from other f. tularensis strains and that explain their high virulence. here we report the use of targeted mutagenesis to investigate the roles of various ... | 2009 | 19424499 |
| radical scavenging activity of the essential oil of silver fir (abies alba). | the essential oil of silver fir (abies alba) is known to help respiratory system and have easing and soothing effect for muscle. in the present study, we investigated the chemical composition, cytotoxicity and its biological activities of silver fir (abies alba) essential oil. the composition of the oil was analyzed by gc-ms and bornyl acetate (30.31%), camphene (19.81%), 3-carene (13.85%), tricyclene (12.90%), dl-limonene (7.50%), alpha-pinene (2.87%), caryophyllene (2.18%), beta-phellandrene ( ... | 2009 | 19430614 |
| resistance selection studies comparing the activity of razupenem (ptz601) to vancomycin and linezolid against eight methicillin-resistant and two methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus strains. | multistep and single-step resistance selection studies were performed with razupenem, linezolid, and vancomycin against 10 methicillin (meticillin)-resistant and -susceptible staphylococcus aureus strains. after 20 daily subcultures, razupenem yielded only clones with mics of >4 microg/ml in one strain (8 microg/ml) whose parent's mic was already 4 microg/ml. after 18 to 49 passages in 6/10 strains, razupenem mics rose from 0.016 to 2 microg/ml (parents) to 0.125 to 8 microg/ml (with clones stab ... | 2009 | 19433566 |
| the role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of otitis media and sequelae. | this review deals with the characteristics of various inflammatory mediators identified in the middle ear during otitis media and in cholesteatoma. the role of each inflammatory mediator in the pathogenesis of otitis media and cholesteatoma has been discussed. further, the relation of each inflammatory mediator to the pathophysiology of the middle and inner ear along with its mechanisms of pathological change has been described. the mechanisms of hearing loss including sensorineural hearing loss ... | 2008 | 19434244 |
| in children with prolonged cough, does treatment with antibiotics have a better effect on cough resolution than no treatment?: part b: clinical commentary. | 2008 | 19436426 | |
| in children with prolonged cough, does treatment with antibiotics have a better effect on cough resolution than no treatment?: part a: evidence-based answer and summary. | 2008 | 19436433 | |
| topical retapamulin in the management of infected traumatic skin lesions. | retapamulin is a novel semisynthetic pleuromutilin antibiotic specifically designed for use as a topical agent. the unique mode of action by which retapamulin selectively inhibits bacterial protein synthesis differentiates it from other nonpleuromutilin antibacterial agents that target the ribosome or ribosomal factors, minimizing the potential for target-specific cross-resistance with other antibacterial classes in current use. in vitro studies show that retapamulin has high potency against the ... | 2009 | 19436611 |
| change in inflammation in out-patient copd patients from stable phase to a subsequent exacerbation. | inflammation increases during exacerbations of copd, but only a few studies systematically assessed these changes. better identification of these changes will increase our knowledge and potentially guide therapy, for instance by helping with quicker distinction of bacterially induced exacerbations from other causes. | 2009 | 19436694 |
| efficacy of amoxycillin versus amoxycillin/clavulanate in acute exacerbations of chronic pulmonary obstructive disease in primary care. | amoxycillin/clavulanate is considered first-line treatment for ambulatory exacerbations of copd. however, narrow-spectrum antibiotics may be as useful for mild to moderate patients. | 2009 | 19436696 |
| molecular epidemiological study of moraxella catarrhalis isolated from nosocomial respiratory infection patients in a community hospital in japan. | moraxella catarrhalis, occasionally, plays the essential role in nosocomial respiratory infection (nri). few studies have reported the route by which this organism spreads in a nosocomial infection outbreak. we identified characteristics of the strains isolated from nri and attempted to reveal the potential nosocomial transmission routes. | 2009 | 19443974 |
| bronchitis (acute). | acute bronchitis, with transient inflammation of the trachea and major bronchi, affects over 40/1000 adults a year in the uk. the causes are usually considered to be infective, but only around half of people have identifiable pathogens. the role of smoking or of environmental tobacco smoke inhalation in predisposing to acute bronchitis is unclear. a third of people may have longer-term symptoms or recurrence. methods and outcomes: we conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the followin ... | 2008 | 19445737 |
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamase klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis treated with tigecycline. | 2009 | 19448375 | |
| common cold. | each year, children suffer up to 5 colds and adults have 2-3 infections, leading to time off school or work, and considerable discomfort. most symptoms resolve within a week, but coughs often persist for longer. | 2008 | 19450292 |
| sinusitis (acute). | acute sinusitis is defined pathologically, by transient inflammation of the mucosal lining of the paranasal sinuses lasting less than 4 weeks. clinically, it is characterised by nasal congestion, rhinorrhoea, facial pain, hyposmia, sneezing, and, if more severe, additional malaise and fever. it affects 1-5% of the adult population each year in europe. | 2008 | 19450327 |
| sore throat. | about 10-30% of people present to primary healthcare services with sore throat each year. the causative organisms of sore throat may be bacteria (most commonly streptococcus) or viruses (typically rhinovirus), although it is difficult to distinguish bacterial from viral infections clinically. methods and outcomes: we conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: what are the effects of interventions to reduce symptoms of acute infective sore throat? what are ... | 2007 | 19450346 |
| bacterial conjunctivitis. | most cases of conjunctivitis in adults are probably due to viral infection, but children are more likely to develop bacterial conjunctivitis than they are viral forms. the main bacterial pathogens are haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae in adults and children, and moraxella catarrhalis in children. contact lens wearers may be more likely to develop gram-negative infections. bacterial keratitis occurs in up to 30 per 100,000 contact lens wearers. methods and outcomes: we conducted ... | 2007 | 19450350 |
| the effects of treatment of acute otitis media with a low dose vs a high dose of amoxicillin on the nasopharyngeal flora. | to compare the effects on the nasopharyngeal flora of therapy of acute otitis media in children with either a low dose or a high dose of amoxicillin. | 2009 | 19451466 |
| otitis media in children (acute). | in the uk, about 30% of children under 3 years of age visit their gps each year with acute otitis media (aom), and 97% of these receive antibiotics. in the usa, aom is the most common reason for outpatient antibiotic treatment. without antibiotics, aom resolves within 24 hours in about 60% of children, and within 3 days in about 80% of children. | 2007 | 19454120 |
| development of a disk diffusion method for testing moraxella catarrhalis susceptibility using clinical and laboratory standards institute methods: a sentry antimicrobial surveillance program report. | currently, there is no clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) disk diffusion method for testing moraxella catarrhalis susceptibility. we examined 318 clinical strains of m. catarrhalis obtained as part of the sentry (asia-pacific) antimicrobial surveillance program, plus two atcc strains. mics were determined by the clsi standard broth microdilution method, and zone diameters were determined on mueller-hinton agar incubated in 5% co(2). all strains were examined for the presence of b ... | 2009 | 19458179 |
| rapid identification of biothreat and other clinically relevant bacterial species by use of universal pcr coupled with high-resolution melting analysis. | a rapid assay for eubacterial species identification is described using high-resolution melt analysis to characterize pcr products. unique melt profiles generated from multiple hypervariable regions of the 16s rrna gene for 100 clinically relevant bacterial pathogens, including category a and b biothreat agents and their surrogates, allowed highly specific species identification. | 2009 | 19458181 |
| lysyl oxidase (lox) gene deficiency affects osteoblastic phenotype. | lysyl oxidase (lox) catalyzes cross-linking of elastin and collagen, which is essential for the structural integrity and function of bone tissue. the present study examined the role of lox gene deficiency for the osteoblast phenotype in primary calvarial osteoblasts from e18.5 lox knockout (lox ( -/- )) and wild type (wt) (c57bl/6) mice. next to lox gene depletion, mrna expression of lox isoforms, loxl1-4, was significantly downregulated in lox ( -/- ) bone tissue. a significant decrease of dna ... | 2009 | 19458888 |
| opns, an outer membrane porin of xenorhabdus nematophila, confers a competitive advantage for growth in the insect host. | the gammaproteobacterium xenorhabdus nematophila engages in a mutualistic association with an entomopathogenic nematode and also functions as a pathogen toward different insect hosts. we studied the role of the growth-phase-regulated outer membrane protein opns in host interactions. opns was shown to be a 16-stranded beta-barrel porin. opns was expressed during growth in insect hemolymph and expression was elevated as the cell density increased. when wild-type and opns deletion strains were coin ... | 2009 | 19465651 |
| complement evasion strategies of pathogens-acquisition of inhibitors and beyond. | activation of the complement system and resulting opsonisation with c3b are key events of the innate immune defense against infections. however, a wide variety of bacterial pathogens subvert complement attack by binding host complement inhibitors such as c4b-binding protein, factor h and vitronectin, which results in diminished opsonophagocytosis and killing of bacteria by lysis. another widely used strategy is production of proteases, which can effectively degrade crucial complement components. ... | 2009 | 19477524 |
| moraxella catarrhalis, a human respiratory tract pathogen. | moraxella catarrhalis is an exclusively human pathogen and is a common cause of otitis media in infants and children, causing 15%-20% of acute otitis media episodes. m. catarrhalis causes an estimated 2-4 million exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults annually in the united states. m. catarrhalis resembles commensal neisseria species in culture and, thus, may be overlooked in samples from the human respiratory tract. the prevalence of colonization of the upper respirato ... | 2009 | 19480579 |
| new vaccines against otitis media: projected benefits and cost-effectiveness. | new vaccines that offer protection against otitis media caused by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae and by moraxella catarrhalis are under development. however, the potential health benefits and economic effects of such candidate vaccines have not been systematically assessed. | 2009 | 19482754 |
| vaccine development for moraxella catarrhalis: rationale, approaches and challenges. | 2009 | 19485745 | |
| severe cytomegalovirus (cmv) community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in a nonimmunocompromised host. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in an immunocompetent host may be severe because of a variety or combination of host and microbial factors. in patients with severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction, even relatively avirulent pathogens, that is, mycoplasma pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, may compromise borderline cardiac/heart function and present clinically as severe cap. alternately, patients with streptococcus pneumoniae and impaired humoral immunity/splenic dysfunction may present as severe c ... | 2009 | 19486794 |
| afn-1252, a fabi inhibitor, demonstrates a staphylococcus-specific spectrum of activity. | afn-1252, a potent inhibitor of enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (fabi), inhibited all clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus (n = 502) and staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 51) tested, including methicillin (meticillin)-resistant isolates, at concentrations of <or=0.12 microg/ml. in contrast, afn-1252 was inactive (mic(90), >4 microg/ml) against clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, beta-hemolytic streptococci, enterococcus spp., enterobacteriaceae, nonfermentative gram-negative ... | 2009 | 19487444 |
| mycophenolate mofetil: effects on cellular immune subsets, infectious complications, and antimicrobial activity. | mycophenolate mofetil (mmf) is one of the most frequently used immunosuppressive drugs in solid organ transplant recipients. mmf is an inhibitor of inosine-5'-monophosphate, and is able to preferentially inhibit b-cell and t-cell function. the immunosuppressive abilities of mmf have made it one of the most successful anti-rejection drugs in transplant patients, but patients also appear to have increased susceptibility to infections, specifically cytomegalovirus and bk virus. despite its associat ... | 2009 | 19497072 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-induced dysregulation of expression of a mucosal beta-defensin augments colonization of the upper airway by non-typeable haemophilus influenzae. | otitis media (om) is a polymicrobial disease wherein upper respiratory tract viruses compromise host airway defences, which allows bacterial flora of the nasopharynx (np) access to the middle ear. we have shown, in vitro, that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a viral co-pathogen of om, reduces transcript abundance of the antimicrobial peptide (ap), chinchilla beta-defensin-1 (cbd-1). here, we demonstrated that chinchillas inoculated with rsv expressed approximately 40% less cbd-1 mrna and prot ... | 2009 | 19500108 |
| potential contribution by nontypable haemophilus influenzae in protracted and recurrent acute otitis media. | characterization of acute otitis media (aom) caused by nontypable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is important, particularly in view of the efforts to develop vaccines against nthi. to characterize nthi aom a large database of culture-positive aom cases was analyzed. | 2009 | 19504729 |
| besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. | the antibacterial spectrum of besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone recently approved for treatment of ocular infections, was studied using 2,690 clinical isolates representing 40 species. overall, besifloxacin was the most potent agent tested against gram-positive pathogens and anaerobes and was generally equivalent to comparator fluoroquinolones in activity against most gram-negative pathogens. besifloxacin demonstrated potent, broad-spectrum activity, which was particularly notable against gr ... | 2009 | 19506065 |
| [evaluation of effectiveness and tolerance of treatment with azithromycin 1.5% eye drops in bacterial conjunctivitis]. | azithromycin is a macrolide class antibiotic, recently adapted for topical use in ophthalmology. it is effective against the most frequent pathogens found in bacterial conjunctivitis, gram positive and gram negative bacteria. azithromycin has the specificity to have sustained high tissue levels: after repeated instillation, it has been shown to reach sustained concentrations above the mics of susceptible bacteria for 4 days in tears and for 7 days in conjunctiva. | 2009 | 19517846 |
| identification of adenoid biofilms with middle ear pathogens in otitis-prone children utilizing sem and fish. | biofilms have been implicated in the development of several chronic infections. we sought to demonstrate middle ear pathogens in adenoid biofilms using scanning electron microscopy (sem) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) with confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm). | 2009 | 19525016 |
| transcriptional profiling identifies the metabolic phenotype of gonococcal biofilms. | neisseria gonorrhoeae, the etiologic agent of gonorrhea, is frequently asymptomatic in women, often leading to chronic infections. one factor contributing to this may be biofilm formation. n. gonorrhoeae can form biofilms on glass and plastic surfaces. there is also evidence that biofilm formation may occur during natural cervical infection. to further study the mechanism of gonococcal biofilm formation, we compared transcriptional profiles of n. gonorrhoeae biofilms to planktonic profiles. biof ... | 2009 | 19528210 |
| new semiphysiological absorption model to assess the pharmacodynamic profile of cefuroxime axetil using nonparametric and parametric population pharmacokinetics. | cefuroxime axetil is widely used to treat respiratory tract infections. we are not aware of a population pharmacokinetic (pk) model for cefuroxime axetil. our objectives were to develop a semiphysiological population pk model and evaluate the pharmacodynamic profile for cefuroxime axetil. twenty-four healthy volunteers received 250 mg oral cefuroxime as a suspension after a standardized breakfast. liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used for drug analysis, nonmem and s-adapt (resu ... | 2009 | 19528278 |
| in vitro activity of tr-700, the active ingredient of the antibacterial prodrug tr-701, a novel oxazolidinone antibacterial agent. | tr-701 is the prodrug of the microbiologically active molecule tr-700, a novel orally and intravenously administered oxazolidinone antibacterial agent. the in vitro activity of tr-700 was evaluated against 1,063 bacterial clinical isolates including staphylococci, enterococci, streptococci, moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, and a variety of anaerobic bacterial species. the test strains were recent (2005 to 2008) clinical isolates from diverse u.s. (80%) and non-u.s. (20%) sites. mic ... | 2009 | 19528279 |
| in vitro and in vivo properties of dihydrophthalazine antifolates, a novel family of antibacterial drugs. | racemic 2,4-diaminopyrimidine dihydrophthalazine derivatives bal0030543, bal0030544, and bal0030545 exhibited low in vitro mics toward small, selected panels of enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, and mycobacterium avium, though the compounds were less active against haemophilus influenzae. the constellation of dihydrofolate reductases (dhfrs) present in 20 enterococci and 40 staphylococci was analyzed and correlated with the antibacteria ... | 2009 | 19546364 |
| antibacterial activity of helleborus bocconei ten. subsp. siculus root extracts. | roots of helleborus bocconei ten. subsp. siculus (schiffner) merxm. & podl. are widely used in veterinary folk medicine in sicily (italy) to diagnose and cure lower respiratory tract infections in cattle. this study intended to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of the methanolic root extract of helleborus bocconei ten. subsp. siculus, and of the bufadienolide and ecdysteroid fractions extracted from its roots, against strains belonging to species commonly associated with respiratory t ... | 2009 | 19549565 |
| nationwide surveillance of bacterial respiratory pathogens conducted by the japanese society of chemotherapy in 2007: general view of the pathogens' antibacterial susceptibility. | for the purpose of a nationwide surveillance of the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial respiratory pathogens in patients in japan, the japanese society of chemotherapy conducted their second year survey, during the period from january to august, 2007. a total of 1178 strains were collected from clinical specimens obtained from adult patients with well-diagnosed respiratory tract infections. susceptibility testing was evaluable for 1108 strains (226 staphylococcus aureus, 257 streptococcus ... | 2009 | 19554400 |
| the acinetobacter baylyi hfq gene encodes a large protein with an unusual c terminus. | in gammaproteobacteria the hfq protein shows a great variation in size, especially in its c-terminal part. extremely large hfq proteins consisting of almost 200 amino acid residues and more are found within the gammaproteobacterial family moraxellaceae. the difference in size compared to other hfq proteins is due to a glycine-rich domain near the c-terminal end of the protein. acinetobacter baylyi, a nonpathogenic soil bacterium and member of the moraxellaceae encodes a large 174-amino-acid hfq ... | 2009 | 19561130 |
| immunoglobulin d enhances immune surveillance by activating antimicrobial, proinflammatory and b cell-stimulating programs in basophils. | immunoglobulin d (igd) is an enigmatic antibody isotype that mature b cells express together with igm through alternative rna splicing. here we report active t cell-dependent and t cell-independent igm-to-igd class switching in b cells of the human upper respiratory mucosa. this process required activation-induced cytidine deaminase (aid) and generated local and circulating igd-producing plasmablasts reactive to respiratory bacteria. circulating igd bound to basophils through a calcium-mobilizin ... | 2009 | 19561614 |
| prevalence of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis in samples submitted for rsv screening. | the clinical presentation of bordetella pertussis can overlap with that of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv); however, management differs. | 2008 | 19561728 |
| tonsillectomy in children. | tonsillectomy is one of the most frequently performed surgical interventions in children. in the following, indications, preoperative evaluation, surgical techniques and postoperative complications will be discussed. | 2008 | 19561812 |
| nasopharyngeal carriage of s. pneumoniae among young children in rural nepal. | to provide epidemiologic data on streptococcus pneumoniae (spn) carriage in nepal. | 2009 | 19563428 |
| hfq affects the expression of the lee pathogenicity island in enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli. | colonization of the intestinal epithelium by enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) is characterized by an attaching and effacing (a/e) histopathology. the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee) pathogenicity island encodes many genes required for the a/e phenotype including the global regulator of ehec virulence gene expression, ler. the lee is subject to a complex regulatory network primarily targeting ler transcription. the rna chaperone hfq, implicated in post-transcriptional regulation, i ... | 2009 | 19570135 |
| in vitro and in vivo photodynamic therapy of otitis media in gerbils. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effects of photodynamic therapy (pdt) on common bacteria causing otitis media with effusion (ome). | 2009 | 19572273 |
| review of epidemiological features, microbiological diagnosis and treatment outcome of microbial keratitis: experience of over a decade. | to review the epidemiological characteristics, microbiological profile, and treatment outcome of patients with suspected microbial keratitis. | 2009 | 19574694 |
| breast-feeding is associated with a reduced frequency of acute otitis media and high serum antibody levels against nthi and outer membrane protein vaccine antigen candidate p6. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) causes acute otitis media (aom) in infants. breast-feeding protects against aom and/or nasopharyngeal (np) colonization; however, the mechanism of protection is incompletely understood. children with aom and healthy children were studied according to feeding status: breastfed,breast/formula fed, or formula fed. cumulative episodes of aom, elisa titers of serum igg antibodies to whole-cell nthi and vaccine candidate outer membrane protein p6, bactericidal ... | 2009 | 19581824 |
| efficacy of nasopharyngeal culture in identification of pathogen in middle ear fluid in chronic otitis media with effusion. | chronic otitis media with effusion (ome) is the leading cause of hearing loss during childhood. in bacterial etiology of ome, the most frequent pathogens responsible are haemophilus influenzae followed by streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis. this study aimed at evaluating the accuracy of nasopharyngeal (np) specimens in the identification of pathogens in the middle ear fluid (mef) in patients with ome. | 2009 | 19584505 |
| bsac standardized disc susceptibility testing method (version 8). | there have been considerable changes to the format of the recommendations since the previous version (version 7). the majority of the footnotes to the tables have been removed and the notations added to the end column; it is hoped that this change will avoid confusion in interpretation. antibiotics have been separated into groups, e.g. beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, etc. recommendations for urinary tract infections (utis) have been removed for most agents except for those that are administered s ... | 2009 | 19587067 |
| inflammatory parameters predict etiologic patterns but do not allow for individual prediction of etiology in patients with cap: results from the german competence network capnetz. | aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of inflammatory markers procalcitonin (pct), c-reactive protein (crp) and leukocyte count (wbc) with microbiological etiology of cap. | 2009 | 19594893 |
| in vivo characterization of the peptide deformylase inhibitor lbm415 in murine infection models. | lbm415 is an antibacterial agent belonging to the peptide deformylase inhibitor class of compounds. it has previously been shown to demonstrate good activity in vitro against a range of pathogens. in this study, the in vivo efficacy of lbm415 was evaluated in various mouse infection models. we investigated activity against a systemic infection model caused by intraperitoneal inoculation of staphylococcus aureus (methicillin [meticillin] susceptible [mssa] and methicillin resistant [mrsa]) and st ... | 2009 | 19596876 |
| pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of primary antibody deficiencies and infections. | primary antibody deficiencies are the most common primary immunodeficiency diseases. they are a heterogeneous group of disorders with various degrees of dysfunctional antibody production resulting from a disruption of b-cell differentiation at different stages. while there has been tremendous recent progress in the understanding of some of these disorders, the etiology remains unknown for the majority of patients. as there is a large spectrum of underlying defects, the age at presentation varies ... | 2009 | 19597006 |
| efficacy of bilateral bronchoalveolar lavage for diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. | ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) is a common nosocomial infection causing significant morbidity and mortality. the goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of bilateral versus unilateral bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) for the detection of the causative bacterial agents of vap. we retrospectively studied the quantitative bacterial cultures of 399 bal sample pairs collected from 287 mechanically ventilated patients over a 5-year period at a u.s. tertiary-care teaching hospital. trauma w ... | 2009 | 19605577 |
| cefditoren versus community-acquired respiratory pathogens: time-kill studies. | the time-kill method was used to determine the bactericidal activity of cefditoren compared with oral cephalosporins, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate and levofloxacin against a randomly selected group of strains isolated from community-acquired respiratory tract infections (cartis). cefditoren was the only agent showing significant bactericidal activity (>or=3 log(10 )reduction of viable cells) within 4 h against all streptococcus pneumoniae strains, both penicillin-susceptible (pen s) or - ... | 2009 | 19622454 |