Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of ceftaroline fosamil. | ceftaroline fosamil is a 5th generation cephalosporin with an in vitro spectrum of activity including streptococcus agalactiae, penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant s. pneumoniae, s. pyogenes, methicillin-susceptible s. aureus and methicillin-resistant s. aureus, haemophilus influenzae, klebsiella oxytoca, k. pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis. it is currently approved by the fda for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (absssi) and community-acquired bacteria ... | 2014 | 25347329 |
| peroxiredoxin-glutaredoxin and catalase promote resistance of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae 86-028np to oxidants and survival within neutrophil extracellular traps. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is a common commensal and opportunistic pathogen of the human airways. for example, nthi is a leading cause of otitis media and is the most common cause of airway infections associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). these infections are often chronic/recurrent in nature and involve bacterial persistence within biofilm communities that are highly resistant to host clearance. our previous work has shown that nthi within biofilms has inc ... | 2015 | 25348637 |
| a new insight into the role of intracellular nickel levels for the stress response, surface properties and twitching motility by haemophilus influenzae. | nickel acts as a co-factor for a small number of enzymes in bacteria. urease is one of the two nickel-dependent enzymes that have been identified in haemophilus influenzae; glyoxalase i is the other. however, nickel has been suggested to have roles in h. influenzae that can not attributed to the function of these enzymes. we have previously shown that in the h. influenzae strain rd kw20 the inability to acquire nickel led to alterations to the cell-type; an increased biofilm formation and change ... | 2015 | 25350148 |
| changes in immunization program managers' perceptions of programs' functional capabilities during and after vaccine shortages and ph1n1. | we surveyed u.s. immunization program managers (ipms) as part of a project to improve public health preparedness against future emergencies by leveraging the immunization system. we examined immunization program policy and immunization information system (iis) functionality changes as a result of the haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine shortage and pandemic influenza a(h1n1) (ph1n1). evaluating changes in immunization program functionalities and policies following emergency response situ ... | 2014 | 25355974 |
| evaluation of swabbing methods for estimating the prevalence of bacterial carriage in the upper respiratory tract: a cross sectional study. | bacterial carriage in the upper respiratory tract is usually asymptomatic but can lead to respiratory tract infection (rti), meningitis and septicaemia. we aimed to provide a baseline measure of streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae and neisseria meningitidis carriage within the community. self-swabbing and healthcare professional (hcp) swabbing were compared. | 2014 | 25358677 |
| pcr-based national bacterial meningitis surveillance in turkey: years 2006 to 2009. | polymerase chain reaction-based surveillance for bacterial meningitis including 841 children revealed 246 with bacterial dna in cerebrospinal fluid samples of which 53% were streptococcus pneumoniae, 19% neisseria meningitidis, and 16% haemophilus influenzae type b. the most common s. pneumoniae serotypes/serogroups were 1, 19f, 6a/6b, 23f, 5, 14, 18 and 19a. among 47 meningococci, 86% were serogroup b, 6% serogroup c, 3% serogroup a, 3% serogroup x and 3% serogroup w. | 2014 | 25361189 |
| antimicrobial activity of preparation bioaron c. | the antimicrobial activity of sirupus bioaron c, a preparation, whose main ingredient is an extract from the leaves of aloe arborescens, was tested against different microorganisms isolated from patients with upper respiratory tract infections. the experiments were performed on 40 strains: 20 strains of anaerobic bacteria, 13 strains of aerobic bacteria and 7 strains of yeast-like fungi from the genus candida and on 18 reference strains (atcc). the antimicrobial activity of bioaron c (mbc and mf ... | 2014 | 25362808 |
| overlapping and complementary oxidative stress defense mechanisms in nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | the gram-negative commensal bacterium nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) can cause respiratory tract diseases that include otitis media, sinusitis, exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchitis. during colonization and infection, nthi withstands oxidative stress generated by reactive oxygen species produced endogenously, by the host, and by other copathogens and flora. these reactive oxygen species include superoxide, hydrogen peroxide (h2o2), and hydroxyl radical ... | 2015 | 25368297 |
| searching the staphylococcal superantigens: enterotoxins a, b, c, and tsst1 in synovial fluid of cases with negative culture inflammatory arthritis. | accurate and rapid diagnosis of bacterial arthritis is not always possible in unvaccinated (streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae type b) children in iran. | 2014 | 25368802 |
| ophthalmic infections in children presenting to angkor hospital for children, siem reap, cambodia. | ophthalmic infections cause significant morbidity in cambodian children but aetiologic data are scarce. we investigated the causes of acute eye infections in 54 children presenting to the ophthalmology clinic at angkor hospital for children, siem reap between march and october 2012. | 2014 | 25369774 |
| from microbial gene essentiality to novel antimicrobial drug targets. | bacterial respiratory tract infections, mainly caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis are among the leading causes of global mortality and morbidity. increased resistance of these pathogens to existing antibiotics necessitates the search for novel targets to develop potent antimicrobials. | 2014 | 25373505 |
| an unusual case of chronic prostatitis caused by haemophilus influenzae in an elderly saudi patient: a case report and literature review. | haemophilus influenzae has been reported on rare occasions as the cause of prostatitis and urinary tract infections. here, we report a rare case of chronic prostatitis in a 52-year-old male with benign prostatic hypertrophy and discuss the possible underestimation of the true incidence of h. influenzae in genitourinary infections. this organism was identified only by its growth on chocolate agar, a medium that is not commonly used for urine cultures. | 2014 | 25374472 |
| regional and global antimicrobial susceptibility among isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae collected as part of the tigecycline evaluation and surveillance trial (t.e.s.t.) from 2009 to 2012 and comparison with previous years of t.e.s.t. (2004-2008). | we report here on 14438 streptococcus pneumoniae and 14770 haemophilus influenzae isolates collected from 560 centres globally between 2004 and 2012 as a part of the tigecycline evaluation and surveillance trial (t.e.s.t.). | 2014 | 25376749 |
| eotaxin-3 (ccl26) exerts innate host defense activities that are modulated by mast cell proteases. | during bacterial infections of the airways, a th1-profiled inflammation promotes the production of several host defense proteins and peptides with antibacterial activities including β-defensins, elr-negative cxc chemokines, and the cathelicidin ll-37. these are downregulated by th2 cytokines of the allergic response. instead, the eosinophil-recruiting chemokines eotaxin-1/ccl11, eotaxin-2/ccl24, and eotaxin-3/ccl26 are expressed. this study set out to investigate whether these chemokines could s ... | 2015 | 25377782 |
| does the frequency of respiratory tract infections help to identify humoral immunodeficiencies in a primary health-care cohort? | primary immune deficiency (pid) due to humoral defects is associated with recurrent respiratory tract infections (rtis). reliable clinical warning signs of pid would facilitate early diagnosis and thereby reduce long-term complications. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of the warning sign, 'four or more antibiotic-treated rtis annually for 3 or more consecutive years,' for detecting pid among adults in a primary health-care setting. | 2015 | 25378084 |
| clinical and molecular epidemiology of haemophilus influenzae causing invasive disease in adult patients. | the epidemiology of invasive haemophilus influenzae (hi) has changed since the introduction of the hi type b (hib) vaccine. the aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and molecular epidemiology of hi invasive disease in adults. | 2014 | 25379704 |
| etiology and epidemiology of children with acute otitis media and spontaneous otorrhea in suzhou, china. | there are scare data about bacterial etiology and the antibiotic susceptibility, serotype distribution and molecular characteristics of pneumococci in children with acute otitis media (aom) in china. | 2015 | 25379833 |
| a case-control study evaluating the relationship between thimerosal-containing haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine administration and the risk for a pervasive developmental disorder diagnosis in the united states. | thimerosal is an organic mercury (hg)-containing compound (49.55 % hg by weight) historically added to many multi-dose vials of vaccine as a preservative. a hypothesis testing case-control study evaluated automated medical records in the vaccine safety datalink (vsd) for organic hg exposure from thimerosal in haemophilus influenzae type b (hib)-containing vaccines administered at specific times within the first 15 months of life among subjects diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorder (pdd ... | 2015 | 25382662 |
| molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in nontypeable haemophilus influenzae clinical isolates. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is a common cause of respiratory infections in adults, who are frequently treated with fluoroquinolones. the aims of this study were to characterize the genotypes of fluoroquinolone-resistant nthi isolates and their mechanisms of resistance. among 7,267 h. influenzae isolates collected from adult patients from 2000 to 2013, 28 (0.39%) were ciprofloxacin resistant according to clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) criteria. in addition, a nal ... | 2014 | 25385097 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of azd0914, a new spiropyrimidinetrione dna gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitor with potent activity against gram-positive, fastidious gram-negative, and atypical bacteria. | azd0914 is a new spiropyrimidinetrione bacterial dna gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitor with potent in vitro antibacterial activity against key gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, and streptococcus agalactiae), fastidious gram-negative (haemophilus influenzae and neisseria gonorrhoeae), atypical (legionella pneumophila), and anaerobic (clostridium difficile) bacterial species, including isolates with known resistance to ... | 2014 | 25385112 |
| cyld negatively regulates nontypeable haemophilus influenzae-induced il-8 expression via phosphatase mkp-1-dependent inhibition of erk. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), a gram-negative bacterium, is the primary cause of otitis media in children and the exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults. a hallmark of both diseases is an overactive inflammatory response, including the upregulation of chemokines, such as interleukin-8 (il-8). an appropriate inflammatory response is essential for eradicating pathogens. however, excessive inflammation can cause host tissue damage. therefore, expression of il-8 ... | 2014 | 25389768 |
| identification of antigen-specific b cell receptor sequences using public repertoire analysis. | high-throughput sequencing allows detailed study of the bcr repertoire postimmunization, but it remains unclear to what extent the de novo identification of ag-specific sequences from the total bcr repertoire is possible. a conjugate vaccine containing haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) and group c meningococcal polysaccharides, as well as tetanus toxoid (tt), was used to investigate the bcr repertoire of adult humans following immunization and to test the hypothesis that public or convergent r ... | 2015 | 25392534 |
| comparison of inflammatory markers in induced and spontaneous sputum in a cohort of copd patients. | sputum induction is a non-invasive method for obtaining measurements of inflammation in the airways. whether spontaneously sampled sputum can be a valid surrogate is unknown. the aim of this study was to compare levels of six inflammatory markers in sputum pairs consisting of induced and spontaneous sputum sampled on the same consultation either in a stable state or during exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). | 2014 | 25398249 |
| pai-1 inhibits development of chronic otitis media and tympanosclerosis in a mouse model of otitis media. | bullae of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (pai-1) knockout (ko) mice showed low levels of inflammation against nontypable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) at the early stage of otitis media (om). however, pai-1 ko mice fail to terminate inflammation, which may significantly contribute to the development of tympanosclerosis in pai-1 ko mice. | 2014 | 25399881 |
| the microbiology of chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps. | staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus, haemophilus, enterobacter, and corynebacterium appear to be more frequently associated with patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) with nasal polyps (crswnp) than with patients with crs without nasal polyps (crssnp) or control subjects. furthermore, the isolation rate of staphylococcus aureus appears to be much lower in chinese crswnp patients compared with their caucasian counterparts. | 2014 | 25399884 |
| the findings of a clinical surveillance bronchoalveolar lavage programme in pre-school patients with cystic fibrosis. | evidence suggests infection is present in the lower airways of young children with cystic fibrosis (cf), even when clinically stable. oropharyngeal samples (ops) are typically used for airway surveillance in these children but have been shown to have low positive predictive values and low sensitivity in detecting lower airway infection when compared with the reference standard, bronchoalveolar lavage (bal). | 2015 | 25408378 |
| haemophilus influenzae increases the susceptibility and inflammatory response of airway epithelial cells to viral infections. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), a common colonizer of lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), can enhance expression of the cellular receptor intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (icam-1), which in turn can be used by major group human rhinoviruses (hrvs) for attachment. here, we evaluated the effect of nthi-induced up-regulation of icam-1 on viral replication and inflammatory responses toward different respiratory viruses. therefore, human bronchial epitheli ... | 2015 | 25411435 |
| impact of the glpq2 gene on virulence in a streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19a sequence type 320 strain. | glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (glpq) metabolizes glycerophosphorylcholine from the lung epithelium to produce free choline, which is transformed into phosphorylcholine and presented on the surfaces of many respiratory pathogens. two orthologs of glpq genes are found in streptococcus pneumoniae: glpq, with a membrane motif, is widespread in pneumococci, whereas glpq2, which shares high similarity with glpq in haemophilus influenzae and mycoplasma pneumoniae, is present only in s. pneumo ... | 2015 | 25422269 |
| a prospective study on bacterial and atypical etiology of acute exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | the bacterial and atypical etiology of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was investigated and the diagnostic techniques used were compared among 92 hospitalized patients. | 2014 | 25437187 |
| the verification of nucleic acid amplification testing (gen-probe aptima assay) for chlamydia trachomatis from ocular samples. | chlamydia trachomatis conjunctivitis may present with extended symptoms, and it can have social ramifications as a sexually transmitted disease. for appropriate therapy, c. trachomatis conjunctivitis should be diagnosed definitively. this study presents the verification of nucleic acid amplification testing (naat; gen-probe aptima combo 2 assay) for detection of c. trachomatis ribosomal rna (rrna) from direct ocular samples. | 2015 | 25439605 |
| haemophilus influenzae: a forgotten cause of neonatal sepsis? | due to the introduction of the conjugate vaccine against serotype b, neonatal sepsis caused by haemophilus influenzae became very rare. there is little data in belgium concerning the prevalence of h. influenzae early onset neonatal sepsis and articles about neonatal sepsis and h. influenzae published in the last decade are scarce. we report two invasive infections with a non-typeable h. influenzae. these cases show that neonatal sepsis caused by non-typeable h. influenzae may be underestimated a ... | 2015 | 25443773 |
| early indication for a reduced burden of radiologically confirmed pneumonia in children following the introduction of routine vaccination against haemophilus influenzae type b in nha trang, vietnam. | despite the global success of hib vaccination in reducing disease and mortality, uncertainty about the disease burden and the potential impact of hib vaccination in southeast asia has delayed the introduction of vaccination in some countries in the region. hib vaccination was introduced throughout vietnam in july 2010 without catch-up. in an observational, population based surveillance study we estimated the impact of routine hib vaccination on all cause radiologically confirmed childhood pneumo ... | 2014 | 25444823 |
| [recurrent meningitis due to anatomical defects: the bacteria indicates its origin]. | recurrent meningitis is a rare disease. anatomical abnormalities and immunodeficiency states are predisposing factors. four cases, in which immunodeficiency was excluded, are presented. the causal microorganism led to the detection of the anatomical defect responsible for the recurrences. | 2015 | 25446794 |
| measles-mumps-rubella vaccination and respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospital contact. | the live measles vaccine has been associated with lower non-measles mortality and admissions in low-income countries. the live measles-mumps-rubella vaccine has also been associated with lower rate of admissions with any type of infection in danish children; the association was strongest for admissions with lower respiratory infections. | 2015 | 25446818 |
| seasonal variation in rates of emergency room visits and acute admissions following recommended infant vaccinations in ontario, canada: a self-controlled case series analysis. | to determine if birth month has an effect on the incidence of adverse events following the 2- and 12-month recommended vaccinations. | 2014 | 25446834 |
| improving immunity to haemophilus influenzae in children with chronic suppurative lung disease. | endobronchial infections related to non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) are common in children and adults with suppurative airway disease such as bronchiectasis and copd. impaired cell mediated immune responses to nthi have been described in these patients. currently there are no interventions known to correct the deficiency in cell mediated immune responses to nthi. the aim of this study was to determine if receipt of a conjugate vaccine containing protein d from h. influenzae is associa ... | 2015 | 25448103 |
| haemophilus influenzae genome database (higdb): a single point web resource for haemophilus influenzae. | haemophilus influenzae (h. influenzae) is the causative agent of pneumonia, bacteraemia and meningitis. the organism is responsible for large number of deaths in both developed and developing countries. even-though the first bacterial genome to be sequenced was that of h. influenzae, there is no exclusive database dedicated for h. influenzae. this prompted us to develop the haemophilus influenzae genome database (higdb). | 2014 | 25450223 |
| impact of poor compliance with levofloxacin and moxifloxacin on respiratory tract infection antimicrobial efficacy: a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic simulation study. | the purpose of this report was to assess the impact of poor compliance on the efficacy of levofloxacin (lfx) and moxifloxacin (mox), two fluoroquinolones with different pharmacokinetic (pk) and pharmacodynamic (pd) properties, in respiratory infections. the fauc0-24h and fauc0-24h/mic90 ratio, a pk/pd index predictive of bacterial eradication, were extracted from previously described population pk models for lfx and mox. the mic90 was according to eucast. monte carlo simulations were used with l ... | 2015 | 25450804 |
| [management of copd exacerbations: from primary care to hospitalization]. | the société de pneumologie de langue française defines acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ae copd) as an increase in daily respiratory symptoms, basically duration ≥ 48h or need for treatment adjustment. etiology of ea copd are mainly infectious, viral (rhinovirus, influenzae or parainfluenzae virus, coronavirus, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus) or bacterial (haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, or moraxella catarrhalis). pollutant exposure can a ... | 2014 | 25451635 |
| the effect of long-term macrolide treatment on respiratory microbiota composition in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: an analysis from the randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled bless trial. | long-term macrolide treatment has proven benefit in inflammatory airways diseases, but whether it leads to changes in the composition of respiratory microbiota is unknown. we aimed to assess whether long-term, low-dose erythromycin treatment changes the composition of respiratory microbiota in people with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. | 2014 | 25458200 |
| polysaccharide purification from haemophilus influenzae type b through tangential microfiltration. | haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) is a human pathogen that causes meningitis in infants worldwide. capsular polysaccharide linked to a protein has been used as an efficient vaccine, and this approach has reduced the incidence of hib disease since its inclusion in national immunisation campaigns. the traditional polysaccharide downstream process is based on several ethanol precipitations, treatment with detergents and centrifugation. the aim of this study was to introduce tangential microfiltra ... | 2015 | 25458274 |
| study of the chemical stability of the capsular polysaccharide produced by haemophilus influenzae type b. | haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) is a human pathogen that causes severe infections such as pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis. vaccines for hib infections are based on its capsular polysaccharide conjugated to a protein. this conjugated hib antigen is included as one of the components of polyvalent vaccines and accounts for more than 50% of the total cost of the formulations. the instability of the polysaccharide is responsible for the high cost of the vaccine. in this study, the factors affect ... | 2015 | 25458286 |
| haemophilus influenzae surface fibril (hsf) is a unique twisted hairpin-like trimeric autotransporter. | the haemophilus surface fibril (hsf) is an extraordinary large (2413 amino acids) trimeric autotransporter, present in all encapsulated haemophilus influenzae. it contributes to virulence by directly functioning as an adhesin. furthermore, hsf recruits the host factor vitronectin thereby inhibiting the host innate immune response resulting in enhanced survival in serum. here we observed by electron microscopy that hsf appears as an 100 nm long fibril at the bacterial surface albeit the length is ... | 2015 | 25465160 |
| environmental sampling for respiratory pathogens in jeddah airport during the 2013 hajj season. | respiratory tract infections (rtis) are common during the hajj season and are caused by a variety of organisms, which can be transmitted via the air or contaminated surfaces. we conducted a study aimed at sampling the environment in the king abdul aziz international (kaai) airport, pilgrims city, jeddah, during hajj season to detect respiratory pathogens. | 2014 | 25465254 |
| [causes of lymphocytic meningitis in people with hiv admitted to the infectious disease department of conakry]. | the advent of hiv infection has significantly changed the distribution of the causes of lymphocytic meningitis. the objective of this study was to identify these causes among persons with hiv hospitalized in the infectious disease department of the chu of conakry. | 2016 | 25466555 |
| correlation of nasopharyngeal cultures prior to and at onset of acute otitis media with middle ear fluid cultures. | we sought to determine if nasopharyngeal (np) cultures taken at times of healthy visits or at onset of acute otitis media (aom) could predict the otopathogen mix and antibiotic-susceptibility of middle ear isolates as determined by middle ear fluid (mef) cultures obtained by tympanocentesis. | 2014 | 25475135 |
| complete genome sequence of haemophilus influenzae strain 375 from the middle ear of a pediatric patient with otitis media. | originally isolated from a pediatric patient with otitis media, haemophilus influenzae strain 375 (hi375) has been extensively studied as a model system for intracellular invasion of airway epithelial cells and other pathogenesis traits. here, we report its complete genome sequence and methylome. | 2014 | 25477405 |
| genetic analysis of a pediatric clinical isolate of moraxella catarrhalis with resistance to macrolides and quinolones. | during the surveillance conducted in 2012 by the drug-resistant pathogen surveillance group in pediatric infectious disease, we isolated a strain of moraxella catarrhalis that demonstrated resistance to both macrolides and quinolones from a male pediatric patient aged 1.5 years who had developed acute bronchitis. then we evaluated the susceptibility of this strain to different types of antibacterial agents and conducted a genetic analysis. the results of the susceptibility evaluation showed that ... | 2015 | 25481761 |
| use of immuno assays during the development of a hemophilus influenzae type b vaccine for technology transfer to emerging vaccine manufacturers. | quality control of hemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccines is mainly dependent on physicochemical methods. overcoming sample matrix interference when using physicochemical tests is very challenging, these tests are therefore only used to test purified samples of polysaccharide, protein, bulk conjugate, and final product. for successful development of a hib conjugate vaccine, several elisa (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) methods were needed as an additional tool to enable testin ... | 2014 | 25483494 |
| preclinical evaluation of a haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine process intended for technology transfer. | introduction of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine in low- and middle-income countries has been limited by cost and availability of hib conjugate vaccines for a long time. it was previously recognized by the institute for translational vaccinology (intravacc, originating from the former vaccinology unit of the national institute of public health [rivm] and the netherlands vaccine institute [nvi]) that local production of a hib conjugate vaccine would increase the affordability and susta ... | 2014 | 25483504 |
| immunological persistence in 5 y olds previously vaccinated with hexavalent dtpa-hbv-ipv/hib at 3, 5, and 11 months of age. | the combined diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis b-poliomyelitis/haemophilus influenza vaccine (dtpa-hbv-ipv/hib: infanrix™ hexa, glaxosmithkline vaccines) is used for primary vaccination of infants in a range of schedules world-wide. antibody persistence after 4 dtpa-hbv-ipv/hib doses in the first 2 y of life has been documented, but long-term persistence data following the 3, 5, 11-12 months (3-5-11) infant vaccination schedule, employed for example in nordic countries, are limite ... | 2014 | 25483640 |
| crp-dependent positive autoregulation and proteolytic degradation regulate competence activator sxy of escherichia coli. | natural competence, the ability of bacteria to take up exogenous dna and incorporate it into their chromosomes, is in most bacteria a transient phenomenon under complex genetic and environmental control. in the gram-negative bacteria haemophilus influenzae and vibrio cholerae, the master regulator sxy/tfox controls competence development. although not known to be naturally competent, escherichia coli possesses a sxy homologue and a competence regulon containing the genes required for dna uptake. ... | 2015 | 25491382 |
| glycoconjugate vaccines: an update. | globally, the three main pathogens causing serious infections are haemophilus influenzae type b, streptococcus pneumoniae and neisseria meningitidis. over the last 5 years, new vaccines protecting against these bacteria have been developed and introduced in various countries. | 2015 | 25496172 |
| effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on nasopharyngeal carriage in children with early onset of acute otitis media - a randomized controlled trial. | although children vaccinated with heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv) had fewer episodes of acute otitis media (aom), this trial was unable to prove a simultaneous decrease in nasopharyngeal carriage. | 2015 | 25496176 |
| global invasive bacterial vaccine-preventable diseases surveillance--2008-2014. | meningitis and pneumonia are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children globally infected with streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), neisseria meningitidis, and haemophilus influenzae causing a large proportion of disease. vaccines are available to prevent many of the common types of these infections. s. pneumoniae was estimated to have caused 11% of deaths in children aged <5 years globally in the pre-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv) era. since 2007, the world health organizat ... | 2014 | 25503919 |
| nutritional immunity. escape from bacterial iron piracy through rapid evolution of transferrin. | iron sequestration provides an innate defense, termed nutritional immunity, leading pathogens to scavenge iron from hosts. although the molecular basis of this battle for iron is established, its potential as a force for evolution at host-pathogen interfaces is unknown. we show that the iron transport protein transferrin is engaged in ancient and ongoing evolutionary conflicts with tbpa, a transferrin surface receptor from bacteria. single substitutions in transferrin at rapidly evolving sites r ... | 2014 | 25504720 |
| bacteremia and malaria in tanzanian children hospitalized for acute febrile illness. | we recorded the reason for presentation to a rural hospital in an area endemic for malaria in 909 children between january 2006 and march 2009. blood smears were examined for plasmodium falciparum parasites, and blood spots dried on filter paper were prepared for 464 children. a pcr assay utilizing the stored blood spots was developed for streptococcus pneumoniae (lyta) and haemophilus influenzae (pal). malaria was present in 299 children whose blood was tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) ... | 2015 | 25505140 |
| allosteric reversion of haemophilus influenzae β-carbonic anhydrase via a proline shift. | haemophilus influenzae β-carbonic anhydrase (hica) has been reverse-engineered in the allosteric site region to resemble the nonallosteric pisum sativum enzyme in order to identify critical features of allostery and intersusbunit communication. three variants (w39v/g41a, p48s/a49p, and w39v/g41a/p48s/a49p) were identified, through a comparison with a crystal structure of nonallosteric p. sativum β-carbonic anhydrase (psca, pdb 1ekj ), to potentially revert hica to a nonallosteric enzyme. the w39 ... | 2015 | 25506786 |
| antibody and plasmablast response to 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients--preliminary report. | chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) leads to significant immune system dysfunction. the predominant clinical presentation in 50% of patients involves recurrent, often severe, infections. infections are also the most common (60-80%) cause of deaths in cll patients. the scope of infections varies with the clinical stage of the disease. treatment-naive patients typically present with respiratory tract infections caused by encapsulated bacteria streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. sin ... | 2014 | 25506837 |
| interchangeability of meningococcal group c conjugate vaccines with different carrier proteins in the united kingdom infant immunisation schedule. | an open, non-randomised study was undertaken in england during 2011-12 to evaluate vaccine antibody responses in infants after completion of the routine primary infant immunisation schedule, which included two doses of meningococcal group c (menc) conjugate (mcc) vaccine at 3 and 4 months. any of the three licensed mcc vaccines could be used for either dose, depending on local availability. healthy term infants registered at participating general practices (gps) in hertfordshire and gloucestersh ... | 2015 | 25510388 |
| molecular tools for differentiation of non-typeable haemophilus influenzae from haemophilus haemolyticus. | non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) and haemophilus haemolyticus are closely related bacteria that reside in the upper respiratory tract. nthi is associated with respiratory tract infections that frequently result in antibiotic prescription whilst h. haemolyticus is rarely associated with disease. nthi and h. haemolyticus can be indistinguishable by traditional culture methods and molecular differentiation has proven difficult. this current review chronologically summarizes the molecular ... | 2014 | 25520712 |
| effect of haemophilus influenzae exposure on staphylococcus aureus tympanostomy tube attachment and biofilm formation. | tympanostomy tube (tt) biofilm formation may lead to sequelae. | 2015 | 25522126 |
| antibacterial activity and mode of action of the artemisia capillaris essential oil and its constituents against respiratory tract infection-causing pathogens. | inhalation therapy using essential oils has been used to treat acute and chronic sinusitis and bronchitis. the aim of the present study was to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil of artemisia capillaris, and evaluate the antibacterial effects of the essential oil and its main components, against common clinically relevant respiratory bacterial pathogens. gas chromatography and gas chromatography‑mass spectrometry revealed the presence of 25 chemical constituents, the main con ... | 2015 | 25522803 |
| emergence of clonally related multidrug resistant haemophilus influenzae with penicillin-binding protein 3-mediated resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, norway, 2006 to 2013. | resistance to cephalosporins in haemophilus influenzae is usually caused by characteristic alterations in penicillin-binding protein 3 (pbp3), encoded by the ftsi gene. resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins is associated with high-level pbp3-mediated resistance (high-rpbp3), defined by the second stage s385t substitution in addition to a first stage substitution (r517h or n526k). the third stage l389f substitution is present in some high-rpbp3 strains. high-rpbp3 h. influenzae are consi ... | 2014 | 25523969 |
| cost-effectiveness evaluation of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine and 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine in japanese children. | diseases caused by streptococcus pneumoniae represent a major public health problem. the purpose of this study was to compare, in the japanese context, the projected health benefits, costs and cost-effectiveness of the latest generation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines which may provide important insight into the potential public health impact of interventions in the context of local disease-specific epidemiology. | 2014 | 25527448 |
| chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of pinus peuce (pinaceae) growing wild in r. macedonia. | the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils isolated from twigs with needles (t+n) and from twigs without needles (t-n) from wild pinus peuce griseb. (pinaceae), from three different locations in r. macedonia, were investigated. essential oil yields of t+n ranged from 7.5 ml/kg to 12.5 ml/kg and for t-n from 13.8 ml/kg to 17.3 ml/kg. gc/fid/ms analysis of the essential oils revealed eighty-four components, representing 93.7-95.7% and 91.2-92.0% of the t+n and t-n oi ... | 2014 | 25532297 |
| efficacy and safety of intravenous sulbactam/ampicillin 3 g 4 times daily in japanese adults with moderate to severe community-acquired pneumonia: a multicenter, open-label, uncontrolled study. | although sulbactam/ampicillin (sbt/abpc) 3 g 4 times daily (qid) is widely used worldwide for patients with moderate to severe community-acquired pneumonia (cap), the 3 g qid regimen was not available in japan. in fact, there has been no evidence from a formal clinical study regarding the efficacy and safety of sbt/abpc 3 g qid in these patients. we report the first results of a multicenter, unblinded, non-comparative, phase 3 study of sbt/abpc 3 g qid in japanese adults with moderate to severe ... | 2015 | 25533886 |
| regulatory elements involved in the expression of competence genes in naturally transformable vibrio cholerae. | the human pathogen vibrio cholerae normally enters the developmental program of natural competence for transformation after colonizing chitinous surfaces. natural competence is regulated by at least three pathways in this organism: chitin sensing/degradation, quorum sensing and carbon catabolite repression (ccr). the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp) receptor protein crp, which is the global regulator of ccr, binds to regulatory dna elements called crp sites when in complex with camp. previo ... | 2014 | 25539806 |
| role of the nuclease of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae in dispersal of organisms from biofilms. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) forms biofilms in the middle ear during human infection. the biofilm matrix of nthi contains extracellular dna. we show that nthi possesses a potent nuclease, which is a homolog of the thermonuclease of staphylococcus aureus. using a biofilm dispersal assay, studies showed a biofilm dispersal pattern in the parent strain, no evidence of dispersal in the nuclease mutant, and a partial return of dispersion in the complemented mutant. quantitative pcr of mr ... | 2014 | 25547799 |
| [microbiological diagnosis of pneumonia]. | pneumonia is an importance cause of mortality and morbidity in adults. two types of pneumonia are defined: community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia with their corresponding etiology such as pneumococci or haemophilus influenzae and pseudomonas or enterobacteriaceae, respectively. however, the reality is more complex with aspiration pneumonia, pneumonia in immunocompromised patient, and pneumonia in ventilated patients. culture in the case of nosocomial pneumonia is especially important to obt ... | 2014 | 25549372 |
| antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of monarda punctata essential oil and its main components against common bacterial pathogens in respiratory tract. | the aim of the current research work was to study the chemical composition of the essential oil of monarda punctata along with evaluating the essential oil and its major components for their antibacterial effects against some frequently encountered respiratory infection causing pathogens. gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis revealed the presence of 13 chemical constituents with thymol (75.2%), p-cymene (6.7%), limonene (5.4), and carvacrol (3.5%) as the major constituents. the oil co ... | 2014 | 25550774 |
| comparative analyses of proteins from haemophilus influenzae biofilm and planktonic populations using metabolic labeling and mass spectrometry. | non-typeable h. influenzae (nthi) is a nasopharyngeal commensal that can become an opportunistic pathogen causing infections such as otitis media, pneumonia, and bronchitis. nthi is known to form biofilms. resistance of bacterial biofilms to clearance by host defense mechanisms and antibiotic treatments is well-established. in the current study, we used stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (silac) to compare the proteomic profiles of nthi biofilm and planktonic organisms. dupli ... | 2014 | 25551439 |
| surveillance of acute respiratory infections in mumbai during 2011-12. | acute respiratory infections (aris) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals aged less than 5 years. ari often leads to hospitalisation, and it has been indicated that causative viral and bacterial infections go undetermined and results in the occurrence of resistant strains. the objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of various viral and bacterial infections in patients with aris. | 2015 | 25560001 |
| the new schiff base 4-[(4-hydroxy-3-fluoro-5-methoxy-benzylidene)amino]-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one: experimental, dft calculational studies and in vitro antimicrobial activity. | the synthesized schiff base, 4-[(4-hydroxy-3-fluoro-5-methoxy-benzylidene)amino]-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one (i), has been characterized by (13)c nmr, (1)h nmr, 2d nmr ((1)h-(1)h cosy and (13)c apt), ft-ir, uv-vis and x-ray single-crystal techniques. molecular geometry of the compound i in the ground state, vibrational frequencies and chemical shift values have been calculated by using the density functional method (dft) with 6-311++g(d,p) basis set. the obtained results indi ... | 2015 | 25574656 |
| one-step purification and porin transport activity of the major outer membrane proteins p2 from haemophilus influenzae, foma from fusobacterium nucleatum and porb from neisseria meningitidis. | bacterial porins are major outer membrane proteins that function as essential solute transporters between the bacteria and the extracellular environment. structural features of porins are also recognized by eukaryotic cell receptors involved in innate and adaptive immunity. to better investigate the function of porins, proper refolding is necessary following purification from inclusion bodies [1, 2]. using a single-step size exclusion chromatographic method, we have purified three major porins f ... | 2015 | 25575589 |
| [brain abscess caused by haemophilus influenzae type e in a pediatric patient suffering from apert syndrome]. | we report a case of a brain abscess caused by haemophilus influenzae type e in a 12 year-old patient suffering from apert syndrome. apert syndrome is characterized by the premature closure of cranial sutures. in 2010 the patient suffered head trauma in the frontal area with cranial fracture and a cerebrospinal fluid fistula. in february 2013 he was admitted to hospital with fever, vomiting and generalized tonic-clonic seizure with deteriorating mental status/progressive sensory impairment. the c ... | 2015 | 25576411 |
| immunological effect of administration of sequential doses of haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in the same versus alternating limbs in the routine infant immunisation schedule: an open-label randomised controlled trial. | the use of different limbs for the administration of sequential doses of an intradermal rabies vaccine was shown to result in reduced vaccine immunogenicity. we aimed to assess whether this phenomenon also occurs with routine infant vaccines. | 2015 | 25577661 |
| epidemiology of infant meningococcal disease in the united states, 2006-2012. | the incidence of meningococcal disease is currently at historic lows in the united states; however, incidence remains highest among infants aged <1 year. with routine use of haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcal vaccines in infants and children in the united states, neisseria meningitidis remains an important cause of bacterial meningitis in young children. | 2015 | 25583921 |
| glucocorticoids suppress inflammation via the upregulation of negative regulator irak-m. | glucocorticoids are among the most commonly used anti-inflammatory agents. despite the enormous efforts in elucidating the glucocorticoid-mediated anti-inflammatory actions, how glucocorticoids tightly control overactive inflammatory response is not fully understood. here we show that glucocorticoids suppress bacteria-induced inflammation by enhancing irak-m, a central negative regulator of toll-like receptor signalling. the ability of glucocorticoids to suppress pulmonary inflammation induced b ... | 2015 | 25585690 |
| effect of antenatal parasitic infections on anti-vaccine igg levels in children: a prospective birth cohort study in kenya. | parasitic infections are prevalent among pregnant women in sub-saharan africa. we investigated whether prenatal exposure to malaria and/or helminths affects the pattern of infant immune responses to standard vaccinations against haemophilus influenzae (hib), diphtheria (dt), hepatitis b (hep b) and tetanus toxoid (tt). | 2015 | 25590337 |
| etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of middle ear fluid pathogens in costa rican children with otitis media before and after the introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the national immunization program: acute otitis media microbiology in costa rican children. | acute otitis media (aom) microbiology was evaluated in children after 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) introduction in costa rica (private sector, 2004; national immunization program, 2009). this was a combined prospective and retrospective study conducted in a routine clinical setting in san josé, costa rica. in the prospective part of the study, which was conducted post-pcv7 introduction (2010-2012), standard bacteriological procedures were used to evaluate the etiology and serot ... | 2015 | 25590837 |
| a basis for vaccine development: comparative characterization of haemophilus influenzae outer membrane vesicles. | outer membrane vesicles (omvs) are spherical and bilayered particles that are naturally released from the outer membrane (om) of gram-negative bacteria. they have been proposed to possess several biological roles in pathogenesis and interbacterial interactions. additionally, omvs have been suggested as potential vaccine candidates against infections caused by pathogenic bacteria like haemophilus influenzae, a human pathogen of the respiratory tract. unfortunately, there is still a lack of fundam ... | 2015 | 25592265 |
| pneumococcal conjugate vaccines prevenar13 and synflorix in sequence or alone in high-risk indigenous infants (prev-ix_combo): protocol of a randomised controlled trial. | otitis media (om) starts within weeks of birth in almost all indigenous infants living in remote areas of the northern territory (nt). om and associated hearing loss persist from infancy throughout childhood and often into adulthood. educational and social opportunities are greatly compromised. pneumococcus and non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) are major om pathogens that densely colonise the nasopharynx and infect the middle ear from very early in life. our hypothesis is that compared ... | 2015 | 25596202 |
| nationwide survey of the development of drug resistance in the pediatric field in 2000-2001, 2004, 2007, 2010, and 2012: evaluation of the changes in drug sensitivity of haemophilus influenzae and patients' background factors. | the drug-resistant pathogen surveillance group in pediatric infectious disease has conducted surveillance of pediatric patients with respiratory tract infections, meningitis, and sepsis five times (in 2000-2001 [period 1], 2004 [period 2], 2007 [period 3], 2010 [period 4], and 2012 [period 5]). with respect to the clinically isolated haemophilus influenzae, the drug susceptibility, the frequency of drug-resistant strains, and patients' background factors in each period have already been reported ... | 2015 | 25596977 |
| antibodies against the majority subunit of type iv pili disperse nontypeable haemophilus influenzae biofilms in a luxs-dependent manner and confer therapeutic resolution of experimental otitis media. | despite resulting in a similar overall outcome, unlike antibodies directed against the dnabii protein, integration host factor (ihf), which induce catastrophic structural collapse of biofilms formed by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), those directed against a recombinant soluble form of pila [the majority subunit of type iv pili (tfp) produced by nthi], mediated gradual 'top-down' dispersal of nthi from biofilms. this dispersal occurred via a mechanism that was dependent upon expressio ... | 2015 | 25597921 |
| adverse events following haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines in the vaccine adverse event reporting system, 1990-2013. | to characterize adverse events (aes) after haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccines reported to the us vaccine adverse event reporting system (vaers), a spontaneous reporting surveillance system. | 2015 | 25598306 |
| chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of juniperus excelsa bieb. (cupressaceae) grown in r. macedonia. | there are no information of the yield, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of berries (eob) or leaves (eol) of juniperus excelsa bieb. (cupressaceae) growing wild in r. macedonia. | 2015 | 25598638 |
| combined exposure to bacteria and cigarette smoke resembles characteristic phenotypes of human copd in a murine disease model. | abundant microbial colonization is a hallmark of copd and smoke exposure likely increases the susceptibility to colonization and infection. the aim of the present study was to characterize the pulmonary changes of a combined exposure to cigarette smoke (cs) and microbial challenge in a preclinical murine copd model. animals were exposed to cs for 2 weeks, 3, and 6 months. low and high doses of heat inactivated nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) were administered by inhalation during the w ... | 2015 | 25601416 |
| [haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in a vaccinated, immunocompetent infant with reactive arthritis]. | due to the excellent immunogenicity of the haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccines, vaccine failures are rarely seen in patients following the recommended national immunization programmes. we present an infant with hib meningitis despite relevant prophylaxis, without known risk factors such as medical co-morbidity, immunosuppression, immunoglobulin deficiency or prematurity. later, a reactive arthritis developed. in conclusion, hib-meningitis can occur in vaccinated, immunocompete ... | 2015 | 25612943 |
| orientia, rickettsia, and leptospira pathogens as causes of cns infections in laos: a prospective study. | scrub typhus (caused by orientia tsutsugamushi), murine typhus (caused by rickettsia typhi), and leptospirosis are common causes of febrile illness in asia; meningitis and meningoencephalitis are severe complications. however, scarce data exist for the burden of these pathogens in patients with cns disease in endemic countries. laos is representative of vast economically poor rural areas in asia with little medical information to guide public health policy. we assessed whether these pathogens ar ... | 2015 | 25617190 |
| nationwide survey of the development of drug resistance in the pediatric field in 2007, 2010, and 2012: drug sensitivity of haemophilus influenzae serotype b strain in japan. | based on the results of surveillance in the pediatric field conducted in 2007, 2010, and 2012, we examined the frequency of haemophilus influenzae serotype b (hib) strains, the susceptibility for hib strains to various types of antimicrobial agent, and the relations to patients' background factors. among all of haemophilus influenzae, the frequency of hib strains was 3.6% (14/386 strains) in 2007, 4.8% (23/484 strains) in 2010, 1.2% (5/411 strains) in 2012, and decreasing in 2012. hib strains we ... | 2015 | 25618776 |
| [a study on the epidemic of pneumonia among children in ningbo city, zhejiang province, 2009-2012]. | to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and the bacterial pathogen composition of pneumonia among children under 5 years old in ningbo. | 2014 | 25619215 |
| do orally administered antibiotics reach concentrations in the middle ear sufficient to eradicate planktonic and biofilm bacteria? a review. | infectious conditions of the middle ear are a common and significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. systemic antibiotics are frequently used, but their effectiveness will depend on whether an adequate antibiotic concentration is achieved in the middle ear; this is especially important in biofilm infections such as otitis media with effusion (ome), where high antibiotic concentrations are typically required for effective treatment. | 2015 | 25623134 |
| cerebrospinal fluid pcr analysis and biochemistry in bodies with severe decomposition. | the aim of this study was to assess whether neisseria meningitidis, listeria monocytogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae can be identified using the polymerase chain reaction technique in the cerebrospinal fluid of severely decomposed bodies with known, noninfectious causes of death or whether postmortem changes can lead to false positive results and thus erroneous diagnostic information. biochemical investigations, postmortem bacteriology and real-time polymerase chain re ... | 2015 | 25623190 |
| naturally acquired antibodies against haemophilus influenzae type a in aboriginal adults, canada. | in the post-haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine era that began in the 1980's, h. influenzae type a (hia) emerged as a prominent cause of invasive disease in north american aboriginal populations. to test whether a lack of naturally acquired antibodies may underlie increased rates of invasive hia disease, we compared serum bactericidal activity against hia and hib and igg and igm against capsular polysaccharide between canadian aboriginal and non-aboriginal healthy and immunocompromised a ... | 2015 | 25626129 |
| bacterial aetiology of otitis media in children in pakistan aged 0-59 months; laboratory surveillance data from 2004 to 2013: comparison between before and after the introduction of hib vaccination. | otitis media (om) is a leading cause of childhood illness. in pakistan, the estimated incidence of om-associated hearing impairment is >40/10,000 population and om-associated mortality is 50-79·9/10×10(6) population. no om microbiology data are available from pakistan since 2004. | 2016 | 25631889 |
| ndfip1 regulates itch ligase activity and airway inflammation via ubch7. | the ubiquitin-ligating enzyme (e3) itch plays a crucial role in the regulation of inflammation, and itch deficiency leads to severe airway inflammation. however, the molecular mechanisms by which itch function is regulated remain elusive. in this study, we found that nontypeable haemophilus influenzae induces the association of itch with ndfip1. both itch(-/-) and ndfip1(-/-) mice exhibited severe airway inflammation in response to nontypeable haemophilus influenza, which was associated with ele ... | 2015 | 25632008 |
| hidden efficiencies: making completion of the pediatric vaccine schedule more efficient for physicians. | the objective of this work is to demonstrate the potential time and labor savings that may result from increased use of combination vaccinations. the study (gsk study identifier: ho-12-4735) was a model developed to evaluate the efficiency of the pediatric vaccine schedule, using time and motion studies. the model considered vaccination time and the associated labor costs, but vaccination acquisition costs were not considered. we also did not consider any efficacy or safety differences between f ... | 2015 | 25634165 |
| structural correlates of carrier protein recognition in tetanus toxoid-conjugated bacterial polysaccharide vaccines. | an analysis of structure-antibody recognition relationships in nine licenced polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid (tt) conjugate vaccines was performed. the panel of conjugates used included vaccine components to protect against disease caused by haemophilus influenzae type b, neisseria meningitidis groups a, c, w and y and streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 18c. conformation and structural analysis included size exclusion chromatography with multi-angle light scattering to determine size, and intrinsic ... | 2015 | 25640334 |
| the impact of childhood vaccines on bacterial carriage in the nasopharynx: a longitudinal study. | there is increasing evidence that childhood vaccines have effects that extend beyond their target disease. the objective of this study was to assess the effects of routine childhood vaccines on bacterial carriage in the nasopharynx. | 2015 | 25642277 |