Publications

TitleAbstractYear
Filter
PMID(sorted ascending)
Filter
novel dna gyrase inhibitors: microbiological characterisation of pyrrolamides.pyrrolamides are a novel class of antibacterial agents that target dna gyrase, resulting in inhibition of dna synthesis and bacterial cell death. in these studies, advanced compounds were shown to have potent in vitro activity against selected gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, including meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, meticillin- and quinolone-resistant s. aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae and β-lactamase-producing haemop ...201323142086
spectrum and potency of ceftaroline tested against leading pathogens causing community-acquired respiratory tract infections in europe (2010).ceftaroline, the active metabolite of the prodrug ceftaroline fosamil, is a novel cephalosporin exhibiting in vitro bactericidal activity against gram-positive organisms, including streptococcus pneumoniae and methicillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococcus aureus, as well as common gram-negative organisms. the objective of this study was to determine the spectrum and potency of ceftaroline against recent leading pathogens causing community-acquired respiratory tract infections (carti) iso ...201323146404
septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint.septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint is a rare acute infectious disease that requires attention from physicians and, once misdiagnosed, can have several implications for a patient. the most common microorganisms related to this disease are staphylococcus aureus, neisseria, haemophilus influenzae, and streptococcus. the infection of the joint may be caused by a direct spread of a local infection or by hematogenous inoculation from a distant focus. general predisposing factors, such as ...201223147304
novel carbapenem antibiotics for parenteral and oral applications: in vitro and in vivo activities of 2-aryl carbapenems and their pharmacokinetics in laboratory animals.sm-295291 and sm-369926 are new parenteral 2-aryl carbapenems with strong activity against major causative pathogens of community-acquired infections such as methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae (including penicillin-resistant strains), streptococcus pyogenes, enterococcus faecalis, klebsiella pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae (including β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant strains), and neisseria gonorrhoeae (including ciprofloxaci ...201323147735
igg responses to pneumococcal and haemophilus influenzae protein antigens are not impaired in children with a history of recurrent acute otitis media.vaccines including conserved antigens from streptococcus pneumoniae and nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) have the potential to reduce the burden of acute otitis media. little is known about the antibody response to such antigens in young children with recurrent acute otitis media, however, it has been suggested antibody production may be impaired in these children.201223152850
toxin-antitoxin loci vapbc-1 and vapxd contribute to survival and virulence in nontypeable haemophilus influenzae.nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is a significant human pathogen responsible for respiratory tract infections and the most common cause of recurrent otitis media. type ii toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems are genetic elements that code for a stable protein toxin and a labile antitoxin that are thought to be involved in metabolic regulation of bacteria by enabling a switch to a dormant state under stress conditions. the contribution to infection persistence of the nthi ta loci vapbc-1 and vap ...201223157645
effectiveness of the ten-valent pneumococcal haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv10) against invasive pneumococcal disease: a cluster randomised trial.the finnish invasive pneumococcal disease (finip) vaccine trial was designed to assess the effectiveness of a pneumococcal vaccine containing ten serotype-specific polysaccharides conjugated to haemophilus influenzae protein d, tetanus toxoid, and diphtheria toxoid as the carrier proteins (phid-cv10) against invasive pneumococcal disease.201323158882
pneumonia research in papua new guinea: 1967-1986.between 1967 and 1985 research on pneumonia in papua new guinea (png) was fundamental not only to standard treatments of disease in png, but also to the establishment of the world health organization's global program for control of acute respiratory infections. pneumonia was the leading cause of death in both population-based and hospital studies. research that began in 1967 revealed a pattern of disease in adults reminiscent of that seen in industrialized countries in the early 20th century. st ...201223163180
collaborative studies in mucosal immunology in goroka.a collaborative program between the papua new guinea (png) institute of medical research and the hunter mucosal group has completed studies relevant to protection of the airways against bacterial infection. specifically, these studies addressed the mucosal capacity to produce local immunoglobulins and the capacity of the airways to respond to an oral vaccine containing inactivated nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi). the mucosal iga response to nthi antigens was blunted in both children an ...201223163182
nontypeable haemophilus influenzae and childhood pneumonia.nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is a common microbe frequently isolated from the nasopharynx of children. bacterial pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children less than 5 years of age, with the burden of disease being greatest in developing countries. determination of the bacterial aetiology of pneumonia is difficult due to sampling constraints. however, with a combination of sampling approaches, trans-thoracic fine-needle aspiration, blood culture and screened s ...201223163185
the bacteriology of lower respiratory infections in papua new guinean and australian indigenous children.indigenous children in australia and children in papua new guinea (png) share a high burden of respiratory disease. in png the focus has been on pneumonia as a major cause of mortality. while pneumonia incidence remains high in australian indigenous children, improved access to better health care has resulted in reduced mortality. however, severe and recurrent pneumonia are risk factors for chronic suppurative lung disease or bronchiectasis in australian indigenous children. bronchiectasis is as ...201223163186
antimicrobial susceptibility testing of streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae --internal quality control as a quality tool on a national level.knowledge of the quality and conformity of antimicrobial resistance data is important for comparing resistance rates regionally and over time. in this study, we have evaluated these features of the finnish national susceptibility surveillance data for two respiratory tract pathogens, streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. for this purpose internal quality control results for two isolates (s. pneumoniae atcc 49619 and h. influenzae atcc 49247) were analyzed from 21 clinical microbio ...201323163534
identification and characterization of the bacterial etiology of clinically problematic acute otitis media after tympanocentesis or spontaneous otorrhea in german children.acute otitis media (aom) is an important and common disease of childhood. bacteria isolated from cases of clinically problematic aom in german children were identified and characterized.201223167692
haemophilus influenzae serotype b (hib) seroprevalence in england and wales in 2009.a national seroprevalence study was performed to determine the prevalence of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) antibodies in england and wales in 2009, when hib disease incidence was the lowest ever recorded. a total of 2,693 anonymised residual sera from routine diagnostic testing submitted by participating national health service hospital laboratories were tested for hib anti-polyribosyl-ribitol phosphate (prp) igg antibodies using a fluorescent bead assay. median anti-prp igg concentrations ...201223171823
[in vitro susceptibilities to levofloxacin and various antibacterial agents of 12,866 clinical isolates obtained from 72 centers in 2010].postmarketing surveillance of levofloxacin (lvfx) has been conducted continuously since 1992. the present survey was performed to investigate in vitro susceptibility of recent clinical isolates in japan to 30 selected antibacterial agents, focusing on fluoroquinolones (fqs). the common respiratory pathogens streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, and haemophilus influenzae continue to show a high susceptibility to fqs. in contrast, widely-prevailing resistance to ...201223173294
investigations into genome diversity of haemophilus influenzae using whole genome sequencing of clinical isolates and laboratory transformants.haemophilus influenzae is an important human commensal pathogen associated with significant levels of disease. high-throughput dna sequencing was used to investigate differences in genome content within this species.201223176117
low occurrence of 'non-haemolytic haemophilus haemolyticus' misidentified as haemophilus influenzae in cystic fibrosis respiratory specimens, and frequent recurrence of persistent h. influenzae clones despite antimicrobial treatment.non-influenzae commensal haemophilus species of low pathogenicity may be difficult to discriminate from haemophilus influenzae. we investigated the level of misidentifications in respiratory specimens from cystic fibrosis patients and evaluated the colonisation dynamics of genuine h. influenzae isolates. one hundred and ninety-two presumptive h. influenzae isolates were re-examined by assessment of marker genes sodc and fuck, and isolates with aberrant genotypes were subjected to multilocus sequ ...201223177564
antimicrobial resistance genotype trend and its association with host clinical characteristics in respiratory isolates of haemophilus influenzae.β-lactam resistance genotype trends in clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae and their correlation with the clinical background were analyzed.201223183338
[investigation of bacterial etiology with conventional and multiplex pcr methods in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia].community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is still a serious life-threatening disease, in which the etiologic agent cannot be identified in more than 50% of patients despite advanced diagnostic methods. the most commonly used methods in the determination of cap etiology are culture and serological tests. since early and accurate therapy reduces the mortality in cap cases, rapid and reliable diagnostic methods are needed. the aim of this study was to determine the bacterial etiology in adult patients wi ...201223188566
[comparison of culture and real-time pcr methods in the detection of streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae in acute otitis media effusion specimens].streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae are the major etiologic agents of acute otitis media. this study was aimed to compare the detection rate of s.pneumoniae and h.influenzae by culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) in the middle ear effusions of patients diagnosed as acute otitis media. a total of 60 middle ear effusion samples collected from children with acute otitis media were included in the study. the samples were inoculated and incubated in bactec ped plu ...201223188581
a combined haemophilus influenzae type b neisseria meningitidis serogroup c tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine is immunogenic and well-tolerated when coadministered with diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis hepatitis b-inactivated poliovirus at 3, 5 and 11 months of age: results of an open, randomized, controlled study.this study evaluated the immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety of the combined haemophilus influenzae type b neisseria meningitidis serogroup c tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (hib-menc-tt) coadministered with diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis hepatitis b-inactivated poliovirus (dtpa-hbv-ipv) as 2 primary and 1 booster doses at 3, 5 and 11 months of age.201323190785
utilization of a real-time pcr approach for haemophilus influenzae serotype determination as an alternative to the slide agglutination test.our laboratory has developed a simple two-step multiplex real-time pcr for use on isolates of haemophilus influenzae for molecular serotype identification and the detection of capsular gene targets. the assay consists of a 2-plex real-time pcr targeting the capsule transport gene (bexa), and serotype b specific gene (bcsb), and a 5-plex real-time pcr detecting serotypes a, c, d, e, and f targeting region ii serotype-specific genes. both real-time pcr assays are highly sensitive (<8 cfu) for all ...201323195602
antibody persistence of two pentavalent dtwp-hb-hib vaccines to the age of 15-18 months, and response to the booster dose of quadrivalent dtwp-hib vaccine.antibody persistence in children following three doses of primary vaccination with diphtheria, tetanus, whole-cell-pertussis (dtwp), hepatitis b, and haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccines (siil pentavac vaccine vs. easyfive(®) of panacea biotec), and response to the booster dose of dtwp-hib (quadrovax(®)) vaccine.201323196204
a reflection on bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents at a major tertiary care center in lebanon over a decade.antimicrobial resistance has been inflecting deleterious health and economic consequences locally and globally. this study addresses the patterns and trends of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents over a decade, at a major tertiary care center in beirut.201423198452
[childhood bacterial meningitis trends in japan from 2009 to 2010].we conducted a pediatric survey of bacterial meningitis epidemiology from january 2009 to december 2010 in japan, and obtained the following results for 314 cases (186 boys, 124 girls, and 4 with gender not reported). children younger than one year old accounted for the majority of cases (51.2%, 161/314), and the incidence decreased with increasing age. haemophilus influenzae (in children aged 1 month to 5 years old) was the most common cause of infection (53.2%), followed by streptococcus pneum ...201223198578
implementation of human papillomavirus immunization in the developing world.cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women in less developed regions of the world and the leading cause of cancer deaths in gavi-eligible countries, where 54% of worldwide cervical cancer deaths occur. if prevention is not implemented in these countries, population growth alone will lead to a 63% increase in deaths by 2025. human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccines are routinely used in the national immunization programs in most industrial countries, and the decision by the g ...201223199963
therapeutic effect of meropenem on an experimental guinea pig model of meningitis with type b β-lactamase-nonproducing ampicillin-resistant haemophilus influenzae.the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between efficacy and percentage of time above the mic (%t>mic) in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) for different dosing regimens of meropenem against an experimental lethal meningitis model in guinea pigs with type b β-lactamase-nonproducing ampicillin-resistant haemophilus influenzae (hib blnar). guinea pigs were intrathecally inoculated with 10(8) cfu/head of hib blnar 8 h before the start of therapy. a single dose of 20, 40, or 80 mg/ ...201323203217
a novel in silico approach to identify potential therapeutic targets in human bacterial pathogens.in recent years, genome-sequencing projects of pathogens and humans have revolutionized microbial drug target identification. of the several known genomic strategies, subtractive genomics has been successfully utilized for identifying microbial drug targets. the present work demonstrates a novel genomics approach in which codon adaptation index (cai), a measure used to predict the translational efficiency of a gene based on synonymous codon usage, is coupled with subtractive genomics approach fo ...201123205162
massilia sp. isolated from otitis media.common bacterial pathogens of otitis media include haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, alpha-hemolytic streptococci, and group a streptococci. we recently isolated a gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium from a patient with otitis media following tympanocentesis. 16s rrna gene sequence similarity studies of effusion identified this strain (ccug 43427at) as massilia sp. (99.7%). massilia spp. have ...201323211666
a retrospective evaluation of microbiology of acute otitis media complicated by spontaneous otorrhea in children living in milan, italy.to evaluate the microbiology of acute otitis media (aom) with otorrhea due to spontaneous tympanic membrane perforation (stmp) in children living in milan, italy.201323212462
peripheral compartment innate immune response to haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.alterations in innate immunity that predispose to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) exacerbations are poorly understood. we examined innate immunity gene expression in peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) and monocytes stimulated by haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae. thirty copd patients (15 rapid and 15 non-rapid lung function decliners) and 15 smokers without copd were studied. protein expression of il-8, il-6, tnf-α and ifn-γ (especially monocytes) ...201323212542
il-17c is a mediator of respiratory epithelial innate immune response.the il-17 family of cytokines consists of at least six members (il-17a to -f). il-17 directly activates epithelial cells leading to the expression of inflammatory mediators and antimicrobial factors. recent studies showed that il-17c is expressed by epithelial cells. it was the purpose of this study to examine the expression of il-17 family members in respiratory epithelial cells during bacterial infection. we show that common bacterial pathogens, such as pseudomonas aeruginosa and haemophilus i ...201323221046
feasibility and safety of alvac-hiv vcp1521 vaccine in hiv-exposed infants in uganda: results from the first hiv vaccine trial in infants in africa.the development of a safe and effective vaccine against hiv type 1 for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hiv would significantly advance the goal of eliminating hiv infection in children. safety and feasibility results from phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of alvac-hiv vcp1521 in infants born to hiv type 1-infected women in uganda are reported.201323221981
system specificity of the tpsb transporters of coexpressed two-partner secretion systems of neisseria meningitidis.the two-partner secretion (tps) systems of gram-negative bacteria consist of a large secreted exoprotein (tpsa) and a transporter protein (tpsb) located in the outer membrane. tpsa targets tpsb for transport across the membrane via its ∼30-kda tps domain located at its n terminus, and this domain is also the minimal secretory unit. neisseria meningitidis genomes encode up to five tpsas and two tpsbs. sequence alignments of tps domains suggested that these are organized into three systems, while ...201323222722
urease operon and urease activity in commensal and disease-causing nontypeable haemophilus influenzae.the ure operon was significantly more prevalent in haemophilus influenzae isolates causing otitis media and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd)-associated bronchitis than in those from throats of healthy individuals (97% versus 78.1%, p < 0.001). strains lacking the ure operon are over 8 times more likely to be from the throat than either otitis media or copd isolates.201323224103
haemophilus influenzae oxyr: characterization of its regulation, regulon and role in fitness.to prevent damage by reactive oxygen species, many bacteria have evolved rapid detection and response systems, including the oxyr regulon. the oxyr system detects reactive oxygen and coordinates the expression of numerous defensive antioxidants. in many bacterial species the coordinated oxyr-regulated response is crucial for in vivo survival. regulation of the oxyr regulon of haemophilus influenzae was examined in vitro, and significant variation in the regulated genes of the oxyr regulon among ...201223226321
sporozoite neutralizing antibodies elicited in mice and rhesus macaques immunized with a plasmodium falciparum repeat peptide conjugated to meningococcal outer membrane protein complex.antibodies that neutralize infectivity of malaria sporozoites target the central repeat region of the circumsporozoite (cs) protein, which in plasmodium falciparum is comprised primarily of 30-40 tandem nanp tetramer repeats. we evaluated immunogenicity of an alum-adsorbed (nanp)(6) peptide conjugated to an outer membrane protein complex (ompc) derived from neisseria meningitidis, a carrier protein used in a licensed haemophilus influenzae pediatric vaccine. mice immunized with (nanp)(6)-ompc ad ...201223226683
specific iga and metalloproteinase activity in bronchial secretions from stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients colonized by haemophilus influenzae.haemophilus influenzae is the most common colonizing bacteria of the bronchial tree in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), and positive cultures for this potentially pathogenic microorganism (ppm) has been associated with local inflammation changes that may influence the relationships between h. influenzae and the bronchial mucosa.201223228114
haemophilus influenzae protein f mediates binding to laminin and human pulmonary epithelial cells.the mucosal pathogen nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) adheres to the respiratory epithelium or, in the case of epithelial damage, to the underlying basement membrane and extracellular matrix that, among other proteins, consists of laminin. we have recently identified protein f, an abc transporter involved in nthi immune evasion. homology modeling of the protein f tertiary structure revealed a strong resemblance to the streptococcal laminin-binding proteins lbp and lmb. here, we show tha ...201323230060
pathogen diversity and hidden regimes of apparent competition.competition through cross-reacting host immune responses, a form of apparent competition, is a major driver of pathogen evolution and diversity. most models of pathogens have focused on intraspecific interactions to explain observed patterns. two recent experiments suggested that haemophilus influenzae, a common nasopharyngeal colonizer of humans, might alter the immune environment in a way that favors otherwise less fit serotypes of another common pathogen, pneumococcus. using a computational m ...201223234842
expanding poliomyelitis and measles surveillance networks to establish surveillance for acute meningitis and encephalitis syndromes--bangladesh, china, and india, 2006-2008.quality surveillance is critical to the control and elimination of vaccine-preventable diseases (vpds). a key strategy for enhancing vpd surveillance, outlined in the world health organization (who) global framework for immunization monitoring and surveillance (gfims), is to expand and link existing vpd surveillance systems (particularly those developed for polio eradication and measles elimination) to include other priority vpds. since the launch of the global polio eradication initiative in 19 ...201223235298
steroids in bacterial meningitis: yes.bacterial meningitis is an infectious condition associated with severe morbidity and mortality, even with rapid diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy. despite decrease in the rate of bacterial meningitis brought about by vaccination programs against haemophilus influenzae type-b and streptococcus pneumonia, the incidence of meningitis is still unacceptably high and acute treatment remains the mainstay of therapy. the infection is accompanied by intense inflammatory response, which may car ...201323238974
the incidence and etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in fever outpatients.the purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence, etiology and clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) among outpatients with sore throat and/or cough, and thus to provide theoretical basis for timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment for cap. we used chest x-rays for fever (a temperature greater than 37.5°c) patients, who were recruited since 2007, presenting with sore throat and/or cough. the patients' age, gender, days of fever, respiratory symptoms (e.g. cough ...201223239436
experience of vaccination against invasive bacterial diseases in veneto region (north east italy).the goal of this study was to describe and comment the experience of the veneto region in the bacterial invasive disease. vaccination coverage was 93% against pneumococcus and 95% against haemophilus influenzae type b. regard to meningococcus c the coverage rate was 90.1% in children, 81% at 6 years of age and 78.2% at 15 years. the preliminary data of an active surveillance of invasive bacterial diseases show that the streptoccoccus pneumoniae was the main agent involved and that its consequenc ...201223240172
invasive bacterial diseases: national surveillance in italy and vaccination coverage in the local health agency 4 "chiavarese", liguria region (italy).in 2007 in italy, the national institute of health published a new protocol for the national surveillance of invasive bacterial diseases, in order to enhance the notification system of these diseases and to improve immunization strategies. available vaccines to prevent these diseases were introduced for the first time into the 1999-2000 national immunization plan (nip) (vaccination against haemophilus influenzae type b) and the 2005-2007 nip (vaccination against streptococcus pneumoniae and neis ...201223240174
prevention of invasive diseases: strategies to increase vaccination coverage in children and adolescents.vaccines able to prevent invasive bacterial diseases have been introduced into national and/or regional immunization plans through different strategies. we evaluated haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococcus and meningococcus c vaccination coverage in the 5 ligurian local health agencies, in the liguria region, and in italy in order to assess the efficacy of current immunisation policies concerning children at the 24th month and adolescents. furthermore, we considered new strategies for increa ...201223240175
[consensus guidelines for the management of upper respiratory tract infections].upper respiratory tract infections are the most common source of antibiotic prescriptions. acute pharyngitis is caused mainly by viruses, viral cases can be distinguished from acute streptococcal pharyngitis using centor clinical epidemiological criteria, by rapid antigen tests or throat culture. treatment of choice for streptococcal infection is penicillin v given in two daily doses. in children, acute otitis media (aom) is the infection for which antibiotics are most often prescribed. predomin ...201223241293
impact of respiratory viral infections on α-hemolytic streptococci and otopathogens in the nasopharynx of young children.we studied nasopharyngeal (np) colonization in a cohort of children to determine the impact of viral upper respiratory infections (uris) on nonpneumococcal α-hemolytic streptococci (ahs) and otopathogen colonization in association with acute otitis media (aom).201323241988
safety and immunogenicity of a hexavalent vaccine administered at 2, 4 and 6 months of age with or without a heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: a randomized, open-label study.dtap₅-ipv-hib-hepb, an investigational hexavalent combination vaccine, was evaluated for safety and immunogenicity, when administered to infants with heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7).201323241989
adhesin genes and serum resistance in haemophilus influenzae type f isolates.the incidence of invasive infections due to haemophilus influenzae has decreased significantly in developed countries with high rates of vaccination against h. influenzae serotype b (hib). this vaccine provides no protection against h. influenzae serotype f (hif), typically associated with invasive infections in adults with chronic disease and/or immunodeficiency, and rarely in otherwise healthy adults and children. the specific properties of hif associated with virulence remain largely uncharac ...201323242639
a single-step polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous detection and differentiation of nontypeable and serotypeable haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae.the critically high prevalence of bacterial otitis media worldwide has prompted a proper disease management. while vaccine development for otitis media is promising, the reliable and effective methods for diagnosis of such etiologic agents are of importance.201323245490
fatal haemophilus influenzae type a sepsis in an infant.haemophilus influenzae type a can cause severe sepsis, as demonstrated by the case described. epidemiology of sepsis in childhood is changing. regardless of the pathogen involved, management of children with septic shock involves resuscitative measures and empiric antibiotics. the following case of h. influenzae type a sepsis proved fatal in spite of appropriate therapy.201323252811
evaluation of meningitis surveillance before introduction of serogroup a meningococcal conjugate vaccine - burkina faso and mali.each year, 450 million persons in a region of sub-saharan africa known as the "meningitis belt" are at risk for death and disability from epidemic meningitis caused by serogroup a neisseria meningitidis. in 2009, the first serogroup a meningococcal conjugate vaccine (psa-tt) developed solely for africa (menafrivac, serum institute of india, ltd.), was licensed for persons aged 1-29 years. during 2010-2011, the vaccine was introduced in the hyperendemic countries of burkina faso, mali, and niger ...201223254257
haemophilus influenzae type b disease in auckland children during the hib vaccination era: 1995-2009.to characterise haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) invasive disease in the era of hib vaccination, in children of the greater auckland region of new zealand.201223254497
association between early bacterial carriage and otitis media in aboriginal and non-aboriginal children in a semi-arid area of western australia: a cohort study.streptococcus pneumoniae (pnc), nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) and moraxella catarrhalis (mcat) are the most important bacterial pathogens associated with otitis media (om). previous studies have suggested that early upper respiratory tract (urt) bacterial carriage may increase risk of subsequent om. we investigated associations between early onset of urt bacterial carriage and subsequent diagnosis of om in aboriginal and non-aboriginal children living in the kalgoorlie-boulder region ...201223256870
pulmonary computed tomography findings in 39 cases of streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia.the main objective of our study was to describe the pulmonary distribution of consolidation and ground-glass opacity (ggo) in chest computed tomography (ct) scans of streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia. in addition, the percentage of other pulmonary abnormalities was also reported.201223257518
haemophilus influenzae serotype b and a capsule-deficient type mutant (b-) invasive disease in a partially vaccinated child in brazil.we report a rare case of infection by two different types of haemophilus influenzae strains in a child who received only one dose of the h. influenzae serotype b (hib) conjugate vaccine (dtwp+hib). the strains were recovered from blood and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and were phenotypically identified as hib and non-typable h. influenzae, respectively, after serological tests. the two strains were characterized by pcr capsular typing, multilocus sequence typing and pfge. our results suggest that t ...201323264458
haemophilus influenzae type b combination vaccines and atopic disorders: a prospective cohort study.epidemiologic evidence for an association between vaccinations and atopy development is inconsistent. we evaluated the influence of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) combination vaccines in 6-month-old infants on the prevalence of atopic disorders in 18-month-old children.201223265751
bacterial and viral interactions within the nasopharynx contribute to the risk of acute otitis media.to understand relationships between microbes in pathogenesis of acute otitis media during respiratory tract infections, we compared nasopharyngeal bacteria and respiratory viruses in symptomatic children with and without aom.201223266462
population structure in nontypeable haemophilus influenzae.nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) frequently colonize the human pharynx asymptomatically, and are an important cause of otitis media in children. past studies have identified typeable h. influenzae as being clonal, but the population structure of nthi has not been extensively characterized. the research presented here investigated the diversity and population structure in a well-characterized collection of nthi isolated from the middle ears of children with otitis media or the pharynges ...201223266487
quantitative pcr confirms culture as the gold standard for detection of lower airway infection by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae in australian indigenous children with bronchiectasis.correlation was observed between quantitative pcr and semi-quantitative culture for definition of haemophilus influenzae infection in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from 81 children with bronchiectasis. however, qpcr data correlated less well with airway neutrophilia, and supports continued use of culture as the gold standard for defining h. influenzae lower airway infection.201323266579
baby bottle steam sterilizers disinfect home nebulizers inoculated with bacterial respiratory pathogens.background: contaminated nebulizers are a potential source of bacterial infection but no single method is universally accepted for disinfection. we hypothesized that baby-bottle steam sterilizers effectively disinfect home nebulizers. methods: home nebulizers were inoculated with the common cf respiratory pathogens methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus, burkholderia cepacia, haemophilus influenzae, mucoid and non mucoid pseudomonas aeruginosa, and stenotrophomonas maltophilia. the nebulize ...201223267773
the unique structure of haemophilus influenzae protein e reveals multiple binding sites for host factors.haemophilus influenzae protein e (pe) is a multifunctional adhesin involved in direct interactions with lung epithelial cells and host proteins, including plasminogen and the extracellular matrix proteins vitronectin and laminin. we recently crystallized pe and successfully collected x-ray diffraction data at 1.8 å. here, we solved the structure of a recombinant version of pe and analyzed different functional regions. it is a dimer in solution and in the asymmetric unit of the crystals. the dime ...201323275089
respiratory viral infections among children with community-acquired pneumonia and pleural effusion.pleural effusion (pe), a complication of community-acquired pneumonia (cap), is usually attributed to a bacterial infection. nonetheless, viral infections have not been investigated routinely. we searched for bacterial and viral infections among 277 children hospitalized with cap. among these children 206 (74%) had radiographic confirmation, of whom 25 (12%) had pe. the aetiology was established in 18 (72%) pe cases: bacterial (n = 5; 28%), viral (n = 9; 50%), and viral-bacterial (n = 4; 22%) in ...201323286738
characterization of nasopharyngeal isolates of type b haemophilus influenzae from delhi.haemophilus influenzae is an important cause of mortality and morbidity among young children in developing countries. increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance especially production of extended spectrum beta lactamase (esbl) has made treatment and management of h. influenzae infection more difficult. nasopharyngeal h. influenzae isolates are excellent surrogate for determination of antibiotic resistance prevalent among invasive h. influenzae isolates. in this study, we characterized nasophar ...201223287135
streptococcus pseudopneumoniae: an emerging respiratory tract pathogen.streptococcus pseudopneumoniae a member of the viridans streptococci, is known to be associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory tract infections (rti). very scanty information is available on the isolation of s. pseudopneumoniae from india. hence, the present study was an attempt to isolate s. pseudopneumoniae from clinical samples and to study their drug resistance pattern.201223287138
safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a booster dose of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv) in malian children.primary vaccination with the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv) was previously shown to be immunogenic and well tolerated in malian children. data on booster vaccination with a fourth consecutive dose of phid-cv are available for europe, asia and latin america but are lacking for africa. the present study evaluated further the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a fourth consecutive (booster) dose of phid-cv.201323291945
epitope-specific immune recognition of the nontypeable haemophilus influenzae outer membrane protein 26.previous studies using rodent respiratory infection models of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) infection have established the 26-kda outer membrane protein of the bacterium, omp26, as a potential vaccine antigen for nthi. this study undertook a comprehensive immunological identification of omp26 t- and b-cell epitopes. a series of omp26 peptides were constructed and regions of the omp26 antigen involved in recognition by lymphocyte receptors and induction of acquired immune responses we ...201323292125
adapting group sequential methods to observational postlicensure vaccine safety surveillance: results of a pentavalent combination dtap-ipv-hib vaccine safety study.to address gaps in traditional postlicensure vaccine safety surveillance and to promote rapid signal identification, new prospective monitoring systems using large health-care database cohorts have been developed. we newly adapted clinical trial group sequential methods to this observational setting in an original safety study of a combination diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis adsorbed (dtap), inactivated poliovirus (ipv), and haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate va ...201323292957
case of invasive nontypable haemophilus influenzae respiratory tract infection with a large quantity of neutrophil extracellular traps in sputum.haemophilus influenzae type b was once the most common cause of invasive h. influenzae infection, but the incidence of this disease has decreased markedly with introduction of conjugate vaccines to prevent the disease. in contrast, the incidence of invasive infection caused by nontypable h. influenzae has increased in the us and in european countries. neutrophil extracellular traps (nets) are fibrous structures released extracellularly from activated neutrophils during inflammation, including in ...201223293532
randomized, controlled trial of the long term safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of rts,s/as02(d) malaria vaccine in infants living in a malaria-endemic region.the rts,s/as malaria candidate vaccine is being developed with the intent to be delivered, if approved, through the expanded programme on immunization (epi) of the world health organization. safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of the rts,s/as02(d) vaccine candidate when integrated into a standard epi schedule for infants have been reported over a nine-month surveillance period. this paper describes results following 20 months of follow up.201323297680
meninigitis immunisation: challenges, successes and new developments.meningitis, defined as the inflammation of the lining surrounding the spine and the brain, can be caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi. bacterial meningitis is the most serious form of the disease, causing around 170000 deaths worldwide each year. most cases of bacterial meningitis are caused by three bacteria-streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria meningitidis and haemophilus influenzae type b. in the uk, vaccines are available to combat most of these, yet, according to the meningitis research fo ...201623299207
broad conditions favor the evolution of phase-variable loci.simple sequence repeat (ssr) tracts produce stochastic on-off switching, or phase variation, in the expression of a panoply of surface molecules in many bacterial commensals and pathogens. a change to the number of repeats in a tract may alter the phase of the translational reading frame, which toggles the on-off state of the switch. here, we construct an in silico ssr locus with mutational dynamics calibrated to those of the haemophilus influenzae mod locus. we simulate its evolution in a regim ...201323300246
epidemiological profile of invasive bacterial diseases in children in casablanca, morocco: antimicrobial susceptibilities and serotype distribution.the aim of this prospective study in morocco was to investigate the causes of invasive bacterial diseases in children in order to inform antibiotic therapy and vaccine choices. of 238 children aged < or = 5 years admitted to the children's hospital of casablanca for invasive diseases over a 12-month period, 185 were diagnosed with bacterial infection: 76 had chest-x-ray-confirmed pneumonia, 59 had meningitis and 50 had sepsis. streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common pathogen identified (n = ...201223301370
epidemiology of vaccine-preventable invasive diseases in catalonia in the era of conjugate vaccines.we investigated the incidence and distribution of cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (ipd), invasive meningococcal disease (imd) and invasive hemophilus influenzae disease (ihid) notified by hospital laboratories to the microbiological reporting system of catalonia between 2005 and 2009. incidence rates were compared using the rate ratio (rr) and 95% ci were calculated. a value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. of the 6,661 cases, 6,012 were ipd, 436 imd and 213 ihid. the ...201323303166
novel topoisomerase inhibitors: microbiological characterisation and in vivo efficacy of pyrimidines.pyrimidine compounds were identified as inhibitors of dna topoisomerase iv through high-throughput screening. this study was designed to exemplify the in vitro activity of the pyrimidines against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, to reveal the mode of action of these compounds and to demonstrate their in vivo efficacy. frequencies of resistance to pyrimidines among staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae were <10(-10) at four times their minimum inhibitory concentrations ...201323305654
bacterial-induced epithelial damage promotes fungal biofilm formation in a sheep model of sinusitis.fungal biofilms have been discovered in chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) patients, but factors contributing to their establishment are obscure. a recent animal study showed bacterial co-inoculation was required. we examine the role of 4 bacterial species and a cilia toxin on fungal biofilm formation in a sheep sinusitis model. the importance of epithelial integrity on fungal biofilm formation is also examined.201323307805
genetic diversity of the ftsi gene in β-lactamase-nonproducing ampicillin-resistant and β-lactamase-producing amoxicillin-/clavulanic acid-resistant nasopharyngeal haemophilus influenzae strains isolated from children in south korea.haemophilus influenzae frequently colonizes the nasopharynx of children and adults, which can lead to a variety of infections. we investigated h. influenzae carriage in the nasopharynx of 360 children, in terms of (1) the prevalence of strains with decreased susceptibility, and (2) the presence of amino acid substitutions in pbp3. one hundred twenty-three strains were isolated (34.2%, 123/360), 122 of which were classified as nontypable h. influenzae (nthi). of these, β-lactamase-nonproducing am ...201323308379
effect of low-intensity focused ultrasound on the middle ear in a mouse model of acute otitis media.we hypothesized that low-intensity focused ultrasound (lifu) increases vessel permeability and antibacterial drug activity in the mouse middle ear. we determined appropriate settings by applying lifu to mouse ears with the external auditory canal filled with normal saline and performed histologic and immunohistologic examination. acute otitis media was induced in mice with nontypable haemophilus influenzae, and they were given ampicillin (50, 10, or 2 mg/kg) intraperitoneally once daily for 3 da ...201323312959
uptake of oral rotavirus vaccine and timeliness of routine immunization in brazil's national immunization program.in march, 2006, oral rotavirus vaccine was added to brazil's infant immunization schedule with recommended upper age limits for initiating (by age 14 weeks) and completing (by age 24 weeks) the two-dose series to minimize age-specific risk of intussusception following rotavirus vaccination. several years after introduction, estimated coverage with rotavirus vaccine (83%) was lower compared to coverage for other recommended childhood immunizations (≥94%).201323313652
foxo transcription factors regulate innate immune mechanisms in respiratory epithelial cells.bacterial pathogens are a leading cause of lung infections and contribute to acute exacerbations in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. the innate immune system of the respiratory tract controls and prevents colonization of the lung with bacterial pathogens. forkhead box transcription factor family o (foxo) transcription factors are key regulators of cellular metabolism, proliferation, and stress resistance. in this study, our aim was to investigate the role of foxo transcription factors ...201323315071
prevalence and mechanisms of β-lactam resistance in haemophilus haemolyticus.to compare the phenotypic and genotypic β-lactam resistance profiles of non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) and the closely phylogenetically related haemophilus haemolyticus.201323315478
solithromycin inhibition of protein synthesis and ribosome biogenesis in staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, and haemophilus influenzae.the continuing increase in antibiotic-resistant microorganisms is driving the search for new antibiotic targets and improved antimicrobial agents. ketolides are semisynthetic derivatives of macrolide antibiotics, which are effective against certain resistant organisms. solithromycin (cem-101) is a novel fluoroketolide with improved antimicrobial effectiveness. this compound binds to the large 50s subunit of the ribosome and inhibits protein biosynthesis. like other ketolides, it should impair ba ...201323318809
dynamics of nasopharyngeal bacterial colonisation in hiv-exposed young infants in tanzania.to estimate the prevalence of nasopharyngeal bacterial colonisation (npbc) patterns in young tanzanian hiv-exposed infants and to analyse the influence of maternal npbc and of the infant's hiv status on the npbc pattern.201323320622
immunogenicity and safety of an investigational multicomponent, recombinant, meningococcal serogroup b vaccine (4cmenb) administered concomitantly with routine infant and child vaccinations: results of two randomised trials.meningococcal serogroup b disease disproportionately affects infants. we assessed lot-to-lot consistency, safety and immunogenicity, and the effect of concomitant vaccination on responses to routine vaccines of an investigational multicomponent vaccine (4cmenb) in this population.201323324563
novel mechanisms of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in haemophilus parainfluenzae: β-lactamase-negative ampicillin resistance and inhibitor-resistant tem β-lactamases.to determine the mechanisms of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in clinical isolates of haemophilus parainfluenzae.201323335113
[spectrum of pathogens for community-acquired pneumonia in children].to investigate the spectrum of pathogens for community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in children, and to provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of cap.201323336167
dtap-ipv-hep b-hib vaccine (hexaxim®) : a review of its use in primary and booster vaccination.hexaxim(®) (dtap-ipv-hep b-hib) is a new, thiomersal-free, fully liquid, hexavalent combination pediatric vaccine containing diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, acellular pertussis, inactivated poliovirus, recombinant hepatitis b virus surface antigen produced in the yeast hansenula polymorpha, and haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide (polyribosylribitol phosphate) conjugated to tetanus toxoid. it is currently registered in markets outside of the eu for primary vaccination of infants from 6 ...201323338932
accuracy of real-time pcr, gram stain and culture for streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria meningitidis and haemophilus influenzae meningitis diagnosis.although cerebrospinal fluid (csf) culture is the diagnostic reference standard for bacterial meningitis, its sensitivity is limited, particularly when antibiotics were previously administered. csf gram staining and real-time pcr are theoretically less affected by antibiotics; however, it is difficult to evaluate these tests with an imperfect reference standard.201323339355
epidemiology of bloodstream infections in children with sickle cell disease.the incidence of invasive streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae type b infections in the sickle cell disease population has declined. in this report, we determine the predominant organisms responsible for bloodstream infections in a pediatric sickle cell disease population during the postheptavalent conjugate vaccine era. central venous access device associated infections are a new burden to efforts aimed at preventing bloodstream infections in this population.201323340560
antibody persistence for up to 5 years after a fourth dose of haemophilus influenzae type b and neisseria meningitidis serogroups c and y-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (hibmency-tt) given at 12-15 months of age.a 4-dose series of recently licensed haemophilus influenzae type b-meningococcal serogroups c and y-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (hibmency-tt) was immunogenic with a clinically acceptable safety profile in infants, with antibodies persisting in most participants for 1 year following dose 4. this study assessed antibody persistence up to 5 years after vaccination.201323340564
etiology of empyema thoracis and parapneumonic pleural effusion in taiwanese children and adolescents younger than 18 years of age.we analyzed blood and pleural fluid samples from 89 taiwanese children with empyema thoracis and parapneumonic pleural effusion. streptococcus pneumoniae was the major pathogen, identified in 12 children by bacterial culture and 53 children by molecular techniques, and serotype 19a was the dominant serotype. also noteworthy was the detection of pneumococcal serotype 1, haemophilus influenzae and mycoplasma pneumoniae in these children.201323340566
infant meningococcal vaccination: advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) recommendations and rationale.at its october 2012 meeting, the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) voted to recommend vaccination against meningococcal serogroups c and y for children aged 6 weeks through 18 months at increased risk for meningococcal disease. meningococcal groups c and y and haemophilus b tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (hib-mency-tt [menhibrix, glaxosmithkline biologicals]) is licensed for active immunization for prevention of invasive disease caused by haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) a ...201323344698
recurrent lower respiratory tract infections in children: a practical approach to diagnosis.many children are affected by recurrent lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis), but the majority of them do not suffer from serious lung or extrapulmonary disease. the challenge for clinicians is to distinguish the recurrent rtis with self-limiting or minor problems from those with underlying disease. the aim of this review is to describe a practical approach to children with recurrent lrtis that limits unnecessary, expensive and time-consuming investigations. the children can be divided int ...201123347661
lung microbiota and bacterial abundance in patients with bronchiectasis when clinically stable and during exacerbation.characterization of bacterial populations in infectious respiratory diseases will provide improved understanding of the relationship between the lung microbiota, disease pathogenesis, and treatment outcomes.201323348972
dynamics of streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes causing acute otitis media isolated from children with spontaneous middle-ear drainage over a 12-year period (1999-2010) in a region of northern spain.the aim of this study was to determine the serotype and clonal distribution of pneumococci causing acute otitis media (aom) and their relationship with recurrences and mixed infections with other microorganisms under the influence of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7). to do this, all pneumococcal isolates collected from the spontaneous middle-ear drainage of children <5 years old diagnosed of aom by their pediatrician or their general practitioner from 1999 to 2010 were phenotyp ...201323349853
mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta caused by haemophilus influenzae type f.prior to the advent of the haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine, invasive infections due to h. influenzae type f were rarely described. however, the epidemiology of h. influenzae is changing. while the incidence of invasive infections due to h. influenzae is declining in children, such infections are becoming more common in adults, particularly in the elderly. here, we report an unusual case of infective aortic aneurysm caused by h. influenzae type f that underlines the emerging clinical releva ...201323355310
[impact of vaccination on admissions for haemophilus influenzae b meningitis from 2004 to 2008 in bobo dioulasso, burkina faso].vaccination against haemophilus influenzae type b was introduced in burkina faso on 1st january 2006. this study thus sought to determine the impact of the first 30 months of vaccination on admissions for hib meningitis in the department of pediatrics at the sourô-sanou university hospital in bobo dioulasso.201623360620
identification of bacteria-selective threonyl-trna synthetase substrate inhibitors by structure-based design.a series of potent and bacteria-selective threonyl-trna synthetase (thrrs) inhibitors have been identified using structure-based drug design. these compounds occupied the substrate binding site of thrrs and showed excellent binding affinities for all of the bacterial orthologues tested. some of the compounds displayed greatly improved bacterial selectivity. key residues responsible for potency and bacteria/human thrrs selectivity have been identified. antimicrobial activity has been achieved aga ...201323362938
haemophilus influenzae and the lung (haemophilus and the lung).haemophilus influenzae is present as a commensal organism in the nasopharynx of most healthy adults from where it can spread to cause both systemic and respiratory tract infection. this bacterium is divided into typeable forms (such as type b) or nontypeable forms based on the presence or absence of a tough polysaccharide capsule. respiratory disease is predominantly caused by the nontypeable forms (nthi). haemophilus influenzae has evolved a number of strategies to evade the host defense includ ...201223369277
Refresh
firstprev
...341342343344345346347348349350...
nextlast
Displaying items 34001 - 34100 of 35951