Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| recent developments in the biology of respiratory syncytial virus: are vaccines and new treatments just round the corner? | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of infantile bronchiolitis, and is an important pathogen in the elderly and in the developing world. the production of full length cdna clones now allows precise genetic engineering of rsv, while knowledge of the immunopathogenesis of augmented disease gives hope that effective vaccines will soon be developed. | 1999 | 10458984 |
| comparison of respiratory syncytial virus humoral immunity and response to infection in young and elderly adults. | little information about immunity to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and disease pathogenesis in elderly persons exists. humoral immunity to rsv was assessed in 41 young, 56 healthy elderly, and 49 frail elderly adults by measuring baseline rsv specific igg by enzyme immunoassay (eia) and microneutralization assay (mna) in serum. a comparison of the immune response of 11 young and 28 elderly persons with natural rsv infection was also performed. despite significant differences in age and funct ... | 1999 | 10459160 |
| a colorimetric microtiter plate pcr system detects respiratory syncytial virus in nasal aspirates and discriminates subtypes a and b. | we developed a colorimetric microtiter plate (mtp) pcr system for specific detection of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) nucleocapsid gene and differentiation of viral subtypes a and b. of 47 pediatric nasal aspirate specimens, the sensitivity and specificity were 94.4% (17 of 18) and 100% (15 of 15), respectively, when compared with rsv cell culture isolation in hep-2 cells. an additional 14 specimens positive for adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, influenza, or parainfluenza viruses did not give ... | 1999 | 10459487 |
| dose-dependent effects of il-12 treatment to immune response induced after immunization with a recombinant respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein fragment. | the amino acid (aa) sequence 190-289 of the rsv fusion (f) glycoprotein expressed in insect cells (bf(190-289)) has been shown to partially protect balb/c mice and to prime for a th2 cell response. we evaluated the effects of il-12 treatment during antigen priming of bf(190-289) on immune response and protective efficacy. low doses of il-12 (10 ng) reduced il-4 and il-5 secretion (but did not affect il-10 production) and decreased inflammatory signs whereas high doses of il-12 had no effects. in ... | 1999 | 10462233 |
| high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in rsv bronchiolitis patients. | 1999 | 10464828 | |
| cost-effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis among preterm infants. | to evaluate the costs and benefits of two new agents, respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin (rsvig) and palivizumab, to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection among premature infants discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) before the start of the rsv season. method. decision analysis was used to compare the projected societal cost-effectiveness of three strategies-rsvig, palivizumab, and no prophylaxis-among a hypothetical cohort of premature infants. probabili ... | 1999 | 10469764 |
| predicting deterioration in previously healthy infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | to estimate the incidence of clinical deterioration leading to intensive care unit transfer in previously healthy infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection hospitalized on a general pediatric unit and, to assess the hypothesis that history, physical examination, oximetry, and chest radiographic findings at time of presentation can accurately identify these infants. | 1999 | 10469770 |
| rsv immune globulin prophylaxis: is an ounce of prevention worth a pound of cure? | 1999 | 10469785 | |
| what link between early respiratory viral infections and atopic asthma? | 1999 | 10470690 | |
| respiratory syncytial virus in early life and risk of wheeze and allergy by age 13 years. | the relation between lower respiratory tract illnesses in early life caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and the subsequent development of wheezing and atopy in childhood is not well understood. we studied this relation in children who had lower respiratory tract illnesses that occurred before 3 years of age. | 1999 | 10470697 |
| respiratory syncytial and other virus infections in persons with chronic cardiopulmonary disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been increasingly recognized as an important cause of serious respiratory illness in some adult populations, including those with underlying cardiopulmonary diseases. however, the precise incidence and the clinical impact of rsv in this group are unknown. therefore, the incidence and clinical impact of rsv infection in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and congestive heart failure (chf) who reside in the community were prospectively e ... | 1999 | 10471598 |
| ribavirin in ventilated respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. | we undertook a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to resolve the question of the clinical effectiveness of ribavirin in previously well infants who require ventilation for respiratory distress secondary to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. aerosol ribavirin or nacl 0.9% was administered within 24 h of initiation of ventilation, 18 h/d, for a maximum of 7 d or until extubation. from march 1994 to march 1997, 42 children were randomized and 41 patients were retained ... | 1999 | 10471604 |
| diagnosis of respiratory viruses in cancer and transplant patients. | 1999 | 10472479 | |
| palivizumab. | the humanised monoclonal antibody palivizumab has been developed for prevention of serious lower respiratory tract disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in infants at high risk; rsv is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants. palivizumab specifically inhibits an epitope at the a antigenic site of the f protein of rsv subtypes a and b. rsv replication was inhibited in nasal and tracheal aspirates from infants receiving palivizumab 15 mg/kg. mean 30-day ... | 1999 | 10473022 |
| the influence of prematurity and low birthweight on transplacental antibody transfer in sri lanka. | the influence of gestational age, the neonate's birthweight, and maternal age, weight, height and parity on transplacental antibody transfer was assessed in 141 mothers from sri lanka and their neonates. paired blood samples were collected from the mothers and the umbilical cords of the newborns. the sera separated from these samples were categorized as: preterm but adequate birthweight (< 37 weeks' gestation and birthweight > or = 2500 g); term but low birthweight (> or = 37 weeks' gestation an ... | 1999 | 10474642 |
| respiratory viral antigens in autopsy lung tissue specimens from patients with cancer or myocardial infarction. | using immunoenzyme histochemical analysis, we retrospectively examined lung tissue specimens obtained at autopsy from 118 patients with cancer who had received chemotherapy and 20 patients who had died after myocardial infarction. respiratory viral antigens were demonstrated in lung tissue specimens from eight of 118 cancer patients and two of 20 myocardial infarction patients. most of the patients with demonstrable viral antigens were febrile and had signs of pulmonary infection, but in no case ... | 1999 | 10476756 |
| health evaluation of a pronghorn antelope population in oregon. | during 1996 and 1997, the u.s. fish and wildlife service conducted a study to determine the cause(s) of population decline and low survival of pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana) fawns on hart mountain national antelope refuge (hmnar) located in southeastern oregon (usa). as part of that study, blood, fecal, and tissue samples from 104 neonatal fawns, 40 adult does, and nine adult male pronghorns were collected to conduct a health evaluation of the population. physiological parameters rel ... | 1999 | 10479084 |
| passive iga monoclonal antibody is no more effective than igg at protecting mice from mucosal challenge with respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a mucosally restricted pathogen that can cause severe respiratory disease. although parenteral administration of sufficient rsv-specific igg can reduce severity of lower respiratory tract infection in high-risk infants, delivery of antibody by direct airway administration is an attractive alternative. topical and parenteral administration of an iga monoclonal antibody (mab) specific for the rsv f glycoprotein was compared with an igg mab, specific for the sam ... | 1999 | 10479165 |
| focus on preparation for rsv season. | the purpose of this article is to describe one institution's successful program to deal with the many challenges incurred by a pediatric service during the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) season. rsv is a winter phenomenon that appears each year in communities across the globe and results in up to a 60% increase in admissions to children's hospitals and pediatric units. this increase places a huge demand on healthcare institutions, for the census and intensity of illness requires additional qu ... | 1999 | 10479805 |
| casein kinase 2-mediated phosphorylation of respiratory syncytial virus phosphoprotein p is essential for the transcription elongation activity of the viral polymerase; phosphorylation by casein kinase 1 occurs mainly at ser(215) and is without effect. | the major site of in vitro phosphorylation by casein kinase 2 (ck2) was the conserved ser(232) in the p proteins of human, bovine, and ovine strains of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). enzymatic removal of this phosphate group from the p protein instantly halted transcription elongation in vitro. transcription reconstituted in the absence of p protein or in the presence of phosphate-free p protein produced abortive initiation products but no full-length transcripts. a recombinant p protein in ... | 1999 | 10482589 |
| secreted respiratory syncytial virus g glycoprotein induces interleukin-5 (il-5), il-13, and eosinophilia by an il-4-independent mechanism. | the attachment glycoprotein g of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is produced as both membrane-anchored and secreted forms by infected cells. immunization with secreted rsv g (gs) or formalin-inactivated alumprecipitated rsv (fi-rsv) predisposes mice to immune responses involving a th2 cell phenotype which results in more severe illness and pathology, decreased viral clearance, and increased pulmonary eosinophilia upon subsequent rsv challenge. these responses are associated with increased inte ... | 1999 | 10482601 |
| patients with multiple myeloma may safely undergo autologous transplantation despite ongoing rsv infection and no ribavirin therapy. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been reported as a cause of death among autologous peripheral blood stem cell (asct) and marrow recipients and recommendations for therapy with aerosolized ribavirin plus intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) made. this therapy is expensive, may be toxic, and causes a significant disruption of patient care. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the morbidity and mortality of rsv infections in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing asct without ribavirin t ... | 1999 | 10482934 |
| prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection: rsv immune globulin intravenous and palivizumab. (american academy of pediatrics)]. | 1999 | 10483596 | |
| non-influenza respiratory viruses may overlap and obscure influenza activity. | to report the number and timing of influenza a isolates, as well as overlapping respiratory viruses. co-circulating respiratory viruses may obscure the determination of influenza activity. | 1999 | 10484251 |
| clinical characteristics of acute viral lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children in seoul, 1996-1998. | this study was performed to investigate the etiologic agents, age distribution, clinical manifestations and seasonal occurrence of acute viral lower respiratory tract infections in children. we confirmed viral etiologies using nasopharyngeal aspirates in 237 patients of the ages of 15 years or younger who were hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infection (alri) from march 1996 to february 1998 at samsung seoul hospital, seoul, korea. the overall isolation rate was 22.1%. the viral pa ... | 1999 | 10485620 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), long recognised as the major viral pathogen of the lower respiratory tract of infants, has also been implicated in severe lung disease in adults, especially the elderly. this fact, and the demonstration that passive prophylaxis with either polyclonal or monoclonal antibody to rsv prevents severe lung disease in high-risk infants and children, has led to renewed interest in the immune mechanisms surrounding protection, and the development of vaccines | 1999 | 10485741 |
| diagnosis of respiratory tract viruses in 24 h by immunofluorescent staining of shell vial cultures containing madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells. | nine hundred and seventy-eight clinical specimens were examined taken from patients with respiratory tract viruses (rv)-like syndrome between november 1996 and july 1998. the study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of centrifuge-enhanced shell vial cultures (svc) containing madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells, combined with immunofluorescent (if) staining in 24 h. this technique rapidly detects and identifies respiratory tract viruses. the conventional tube culture system with mult ... | 1999 | 10488764 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in young malaysian children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important agent causing respiratory illness in the young paediatric age group. | 1999 | 10489491 |
| il-8 and neutrophil elastase levels in the respiratory tract of infants with rsv bronchiolitis. | the aim of this study was to determine whether interleukin (il)-8 is released within the upper respiratory tract of infants during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis and whether the large number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmns) present in the respiratory tract of these infants are contributing to the inflammation through release of inflammatory mediators. twenty-seven infants with acute bronchiolitis were recruited during one winter epidemic and 20 infant control subjects wer ... | 1999 | 10489841 |
| peripheral blood cytokine responses and disease severity in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | the role of cellular immunity in disease severity in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is largely unknown. this study investigated the association between disease severity and systemic cytokine responses in hospitalized ventilated and nonventilated rsv bronchiolitis patients. in whole blood cultures stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (pha), lymphoproliferative responses and interferon (ifn)-gamma and interleukin (il)-4 production during acute illness were measured. in addition, pl ... | 1999 | 10489842 |
| antibody titer against bovine respiratory syncytial virus in colostrum-fed dairy calves born in various seasons. | to determine antibody titer against bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) in dairy calves on farms and to investigate whether passively acquired antibody titers differ in calves born in various seasons. | 1999 | 10490078 |
| pre-emptive use of aerosolized ribavirin in the treatment of asymptomatic pediatric marrow transplant patients testing positive for rsv. | respiratory syncytial virus is a common virus which frequently causes severe lower tract disease in immunocompromised patients. the mortality rate in bone marrow transplant patients with lower tract disease varies from 31% to 100%, depending upon the treatment used, time before initiation of treatment, and whether patients are pre- or post-engraftment. therapy with inhaled ribavirin has been used with limited success in decreasing mortality rate. because of concern about conversion from upper re ... | 1999 | 10490733 |
| exposure to urban air particulates alters the macrophage-mediated inflammatory response to respiratory viral infection. | epidemiology studies associate increased pulmonary morbidity with episodes of high particulate air pollution (size range 0.1-10 microm diameter, pm10). pneumonia, often viral in origin, is increased following episodes of high pm10 pollution. therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate how pm10 alters airway inflammatory responses to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a frequent cause of viral pneumonia in infants and the elderly. supernatants of unexposed and pm10-exposed alveolar macrop ... | 1999 | 10494914 |
| decreased interleukin-12 levels in umbilical cord blood in children who developed acute bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is common in young children, but only a few develop severe bronchiolitis. the relationship between bronchiolitis, asthma, and atopy has been debated for a long time, but the pathogenesis of wheezing remains unclear. a th1 and th2-type lymphocyte imbalance seems to be involved in asthma and atopic disease. serum interleukin-12 (il-12), il-10, and soluble cd30 (scd30) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in 23 cord blood samp ... | 1999 | 10495333 |
| respiratory syncytial virus strain a2 is resistant to the antiviral effects of type i interferons and human mxa. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) belongs to paramyxoviridae family of enveloped negative-strand rna viruses and causes severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children younger than 2 years of age. as members of paramyxoviridae family, rsv and parainfluenza type 3 (piv3) have similar modes of infection and replication. a variety of negative-strand rna virus infections, including that of piv3, are inhibited by human mxa protein, a type i interferon (ifn)-inducible gtpase. we tested whether the mxa ... | 1999 | 10497108 |
| the m2-2 protein of human respiratory syncytial virus is a regulatory factor involved in the balance between rna replication and transcription. | the m2 mrna of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) contains two overlapping orfs, encoding the transcription antitermination protein (m2-1) and the 90-aa m2-2 protein of unknown function. viable recombinant rsv was recovered in which expression of m2-2 was ablated, identifying it as an accessory factor dispensable for growth in vitro. virus lacking m2-2 grew less efficiently than did the wild-type parent in vitro, with titers that were reduced 1, 000-fold during the initial 2-5 days and 10-f ... | 1999 | 10500164 |
| prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus in premature infants. | postconceptional age was studied in 33 mechanically ventilated preterm infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. preterm infants without chronic lung disease had an increased risk of severe rsv infection until a postconceptional age of 44 weeks. | 1999 | 10501371 |
| host cell protein kinases in nonsegmented negative-strand virus (mononegavirales) infection. | phosphorylation of one or more viral proteins is probably an essential step in the life cycle of every member of the nonsegmented negative-strand rna virus (mononegavirales [mnv]) group. since no virally encoded protein kinases have been discovered in this group, phosphorylation is effected entirely by host cell kinases. the virally encoded p proteins of the mnv are the only ones consistently phosphorylated with a stoichiometry > or =1. the p protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), and perh ... | 1999 | 10501594 |
| rehospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus among premature infants. | new interventions to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) have recently become available. clinical decisions about the use of these interventions require a better understanding of the incidence of and risk factors for rsv. we sought to characterize the epidemiology of severe rsv disease among premature infants and to identify high-risk subgroups. | 1999 | 10506231 |
| lessons learned from a review of the development of selected vaccines. national vaccine advisory committee. | although the vaccine research and development network in the united states remains vibrant, its continued success requires maintaining harmonious interaction among its many components. changing one component is likely to affect the system overall. an examination of case studies of the development of selected vaccines would allow an examination of the network as a whole. this article presents conclusions drawn from the case study review undertaken. | 1999 | 10506239 |
| berna: a century of immunobiological innovation. | at the time the swiss serum and vaccine institute berne (berna) was found in 1898, few vaccines or immune globulins were available. this short list included vaccines against cholera, typhoid fever, plague, smallpox and rabies and equine anti-tetanus and diphtheria immune globulins. furthermore, their use was restricted due to limited production capacity, uncertainty regarding safety and no public health infrastructure to promote their utilization. today, safe and effective vaccines exist for mor ... | 1999 | 10506402 |
| impact of respiratory syncytial virus infection on surgery for congenital heart disease: postoperative course and outcome. | a) to describe the postoperative course and outcome of cardiac surgery in children with recent respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection; and b) to evaluate whether timing of surgery has any impact on the outcome. | 1999 | 10507627 |
| rsv and the timing of surgery for congenital heart disease. | 1999 | 10507662 | |
| differential effects of respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus on mononuclear cell cytokine responses. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and adenovirus (advs) serotype 3 (adv3) and 7h (adv7h) are associated with mild to severe respiratory infection and are indistinguishable during the acute phases of the illnesses. however, outcome and long-term prognosis are different with both infections. rsv infection is associated with later development of asthma, and adv, mainly adv7h, with severe lung damage, bronchiectasis, and hyperlucent lung. we hypothesized that this difference could be partly due to d ... | 1999 | 10508802 |
| reduced interferon-gamma expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus disease. | we examined the in vivo cell-mediated immune response in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in order to gain information about the pathogenesis of severe rsv disease in infancy. semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and three-color flow cytometry were used to determine the levels of messenger rna (mrna) for interferon (ifn)-gamma in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the distribution of lymphocyte subsets in infants with acute rsv infection. ... | 1999 | 10508817 |
| molecular characterization of a nosocomial outbreak of human respiratory syncytial virus on an adult leukemia/lymphoma ward. | although nosocomial transmission of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and its effect on morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised adults are well recognized, few studies have applied molecular techniques to differentiate nosocomial from community-acquired infections. between january and april 1997, an outbreak of hrsv occurred among adult patients in a leukemia/lymphoma ward. among 45 hospitalized patients undergoing bronchoscopy for investigation of acute respiratory illness, 8 wer ... | 1999 | 10515833 |
| interleukin-4 diminishes cd8(+) respiratory syncytial virus-specific cytotoxic t-lymphocyte activity in vivo. | although interleukin-4 (il-4) has been implicated in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-enhanced disease, the mechanism by which it modulates immune responses to primary rsv infection remains unclear. we have developed a system to investigate the effect of il-4 on rsv epitope-specific cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) effector function in vivo, using an h-2k(d)-restricted rsv m2 epitope. balb/c mice were infected with recombinant vaccinia virus (rvv) constructed to express rsv m2 protein (vvm2) alone ... | 1999 | 10515999 |
| respiratory syncytial virus upregulates expression of the substance p receptor in rat lungs. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major respiratory pathogen in infants. the first goal of this study was to determine whether the infection following endotracheal inoculation of rsv in fischer 344 rats results in increased inflammatory responses to substance p (sp) either released by capsaicin from sensory nerves or injected into the circulation. five days after inoculation, the extravasation of evans blue-labeled albumin after capsaicin or sp was significantly greater in rsv-infected airw ... | 1999 | 10516226 |
| synthesis and antiviral and antineoplastic activities of some novel carbocyclic guanosine analogues with a cyclobutane ring. | cyclobutyl nucleoside analogues containing guanine and 8-azaguanine (compounds 5-10) were prepared from (1r,cis)-3-aminomethyl-2,2-dimethylcyclobutylmethanol (1). all were evaluated as antiviral and antitumoral agents in a variety of assay systems. compounds 6 and 7 showed a noteworthy activity against a respiratory syncytial virus and compound 10 was moderately active against vaccinia virus. only compound 5 showed some cytostatic activity. | 1999 | 10517011 |
| isolation and partial characterization of an antiviral, rc-183, from the edible mushroom rozites caperata. | a protein of 10,425 da was purified from the edible mushroom rozites caperata and shown to inhibit herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 replication with an ic50 value of < or = 5 microm. the protein designated rc-183 also significantly reduced the severity of hsv-1 induced ocular disease in a murine model of keratitis, indicating in vivo efficacy. hsv mutants lacking ribonucleotide reductase and thymidine kinase were also inhibited, suggesting the mechanism does not involve these viral enzymes. an ... | 1999 | 10517309 |
| the fluctuating pattern of various genome types of respiratory syncytial virus in copenhagen and some other locations in denmark. | a semi-nested rt-pcr method based on a region of the f and g glycoprotein genes was established, allowing the simultaneous detection and differentiation of group a and group b isolates of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the pcr products were subjected to digestion with restriction endonucleases to further differentiate the isolates. using, in addition, previously reported studies the prevalence of various genome types in the copenhagen region over a period of 6 years was established. furtherm ... | 1999 | 10519320 |
| priming and boosting immunity to respiratory syncytial virus by recombinant replication-defective vaccinia virus mva. | intranasal and intramuscular immunizations of mice with the highly attenuated mva strain of vaccinia virus expressing the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) f or g glycoprotein induced higher rsv antibody titers than those achieved by infection with rsv and greatly restricted the replication of rs challenge virus in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. in addition, a recombinant mva expressing both rsv f and g was stable and was as immunogenic as a combination of two single recombinant vi ... | 1999 | 10519927 |
| intranasal ifn-gamma gene transfer protects balb/c mice against respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major respiratory pathogen in infants, young children and the elderly and causes severe bronchiolitis and asthma. in an effort to develop a preventive ifn-gamma therapy against rsv infection, an intranasal gene transfer strategy was utilized. intranasal administration of a plasmid expressing the ifn-gamma cdna (pifn-gamma) resulted in the expression of ifn-gamma in murine lungs and decreased rsv replication. the mice administered with pifn-gamma and then in ... | 1999 | 10519947 |
| mononuclear leukocytes preferentially bind via cd44 to hyaluronan on human intestinal mucosal smooth muscle cells after virus infection or treatment with poly(i.c). | pathological changes in inflammatory bowel disease include an increase in intestinal mucosal mononuclear leukocytes and hyperplasia of the muscularis mucosae smooth muscle cells (m-smcs). because virus infections have correlated with disease flare, we tested the response of cultured m-smcs to respiratory syncytial virus, measles virus, and the viral analogue, poly(i.c). adhesion of u937 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells was used to measure the leukocyte-interactive potential of m-smcs ... | 1999 | 10521464 |
| detection of igm responses to bovine respiratory syncytial virus by indirect elisa following experimental infection and reinfection of calves: abolition of false positive and false negative results by pre-treatment of sera with protein-g agarose. | the igm responses in three panels of sera generated by infection and reinfection of calves with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) were measured by indirect elisa (i-elisa). the effect of depleting serum igg by pre-treatment with protein g agarose (pga) was evaluated. following primary infection a weak igm response was detected in the untreated sera of 3 out of 4 calves with maternally derived antibody (mda). both the magnitude and duration of the specific igm responses in these calves we ... | 1999 | 10522785 |
| community study using a polymerase chain reaction panel to determine the prevalence of common respiratory viruses in asthmatic and nonasthmatic children. | we developed a sensitive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) panel, suitable for the detection of seven common respiratory viruses, to study the prevalence of viruses in nasal swabs obtained from clinically stable asthmatic children (n = 21), non-physician diagnosed asthmatic children with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (eib) (n = 16), and nonasthmatic, non-eib controls (n = 33). the pcr panel detected viruses in 43/70 (61.4%) specimens but there were no significant differences in prevalence o ... | 1999 | 10524544 |
| seroprevalence to bovine virus diarrhoea virus and other viruses of the bovine respiratory complex in venezuela (apure state). | six hundred and fifteen serum samples obtained from cows in five districts of apure state, venezuela, were tested by elisa for antibodies to bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv). the same samples were also elisa-tested for antibodies to bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). additionally, the haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test was used for detecting antibodies to parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3). overall, seroprevalence to bvdv was 36+/-7% (se); ser ... | 1999 | 10530426 |
| etiology of serious infections in young gambian infants. | despite improvements in infant mortality rates in many developing countries including the gambia, neonatal mortality remains high and many neonatal deaths are caused by infection. the study described in this paper was conducted to determine the bacterial and viral etiology of serious infections in gambian infants younger than 91 days old. | 1999 | 10530572 |
| bacterial and viral etiology of severe infection in children less than three months old in the highlands of papua new guinea. | determine the bacterial and viral etiology of severe infection in young papua new guinean infants as part of a multicenter study in four developing countries aimed at improving case management guidelines. | 1999 | 10530573 |
| bacterial and viral etiology of serious infections in very young filipino infants. | pneumonia, meningitis and other serious infections are leading causes of death in developing countries. as part of a multicenter study we aimed to determine the etiology of pneumonia, meningitis and other serious infections in a cohort of filipino infants ages 90 days or younger. | 1999 | 10530574 |
| etiology of pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis in infants younger than three months of age in ethiopia. | methods: within a multicenter study coordinated by who, an investigation of the etiologic agents of pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis was performed among infants younger than 3 months of age seen at the ethio-swedish children's hospital in addis ababa for a period of 2 years. of the 816 infants enrolled 405 had clinical indications for investigation. results: there were a total of 41 isolates from blood cultures from 40 infants. the study showed that the traditionally known acute respiratory infe ... | 1999 | 10530575 |
| development of local guidelines for prevention of respiratory syncytial viral infections. | 1999 | 10530578 | |
| variable morbidity of respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients with underlying lung disease: a review of the picnic rsv database. pediatric investigators collaborative network on infections in canada. | we wished to compare outcomes of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd) with those with other pulmonary disorders: cystic fibrosis, recurrent aspiration pneumonitis, pulmonary malformation, neurogenic disorders interfering with pulmonary toilet, and tracheoesophageal fistula. | 1999 | 10530581 |
| carrier properties of a protein derived from outer membrane protein a of klebsiella pneumoniae. | we have recently cloned a new protein, recombinant p40 (rp40). when tested in vivo after conjugation to a b-cell epitope, rp40 induces an important antibody response without the need for adjuvant. to characterize its potency, this carrier protein was coupled to a peptide derived from respiratory syncytial virus attachment g protein (g1'). after immunization of mice with the rp40-g1' conjugate, strong antipeptide antibodies were detected, whereas peptide alone was not immunogenic. to emphasize th ... | 1999 | 10531198 |
| airway epithelial cell-induced activation of monocytes and eosinophils in respiratory syncytial viral infection. | the early inflammatory events in respiratory syncytial viral (rsv) infection are likely to be crucial in the development of clinical disease, which is characterized by bronchiolitis with mononuclear cell inflammation, some eosinophil involvement and airway hyperreactivity. since rsv replication is restricted to airway epithelial cells, our working hypothesis is that inflammatory cell recruitment by the infected cells will set the stage for late immunopathology. we have identified the selective i ... | 1999 | 10532283 |
| respiratory viruses in adult liver transplant recipients. | the contribution of respiratory viruses to respiratory disease in adult liver transplant (lt) recipients has not been studied. we performed a prospective audit to document the incidence of respiratory syncytial viruses ([rsvs], parainfluenza virus, influenza virus, and adenovirus) after lt, and to determine their contribution to respiratory disease in this setting. | 1999 | 10532538 |
| impact-rsv study group report. | 1999 | 10532864 | |
| impact-rsv study group report. | 1999 | 10532865 | |
| impact-rsv study group report. | 1999 | 10532866 | |
| mxa protein in capillary blood of children with viral infections. | capillary blood of febrile children was lysed by using a lysis buffer containing ascorbic acid. mxa quantitation was performed by an immunochemiluminescent assay. the mxa values were significantly higher in capillary blood of infants with viral infections due to adenovirus (n = 5), rotavirus (n = 15), or respiratory syncytial virus (n = 28), than in capillary whole blood from infants with bacterial infections (n = 6) and healthy control patients (n = 20). a strong correlation was found between t ... | 1999 | 10534740 |
| bronchiolitis-associated hospitalizations among us children, 1980-1996. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes more lower respiratory tract infections, often manifested as bronchiolitis, among young children than any other pathogen. few national estimates exist of the hospitalizations attributable to rsv, and recent advances in prophylaxis warrant an update of these estimates. | 1999 | 10535434 |
| jama patient page: respiratory problems. | 1999 | 10535442 | |
| combining dna and protein vaccines for early life immunization against respiratory syncytial virus in mice. | early life responses to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-f dna and rsv-f protein immunization were studied in murine models of neonatal immunization. rsv-f dna induced similar antibody (ab) responses, antigen-specific ifn-gamma production and cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) responses in 1-week-old and adult balb / c mice. in contrast, rsv-f protein induced much higher il-5 responses in early life. both vaccines elicited ab and ctl responses in spite of maternal ab, but with distinctive kinetics. s ... | 1999 | 10540351 |
| expression and characterisation of the ovine respiratory syncytial virus (orsv) g protein for use as a diagnostic reagent. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe lower respiratory tract infection in children and calves. antibodies to ovine rsv (orsv) are common in sheep, but the clinical disease is not well defined. there is no report of orsv infection in australian sheep although respiratory distress syndrome has been described. this discrepancy may be due to the lack of a suitable diagnostic test. in this report, we have characterised the orsv g protein in an attempt to study its relatedness to human and ... | 1999 | 10543382 |
| open reading frame in rotavirus mrna specifically promotes synthesis of double-stranded rna: template size also affects replication efficiency. | the 11 rotavirus mrnas are capped, but not polyadenylated, have a high au content, and serve as templates for the synthesis of double-stranded (ds)rna. earlier studies using a cell-free replication system showed that the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions (utrs) of the mrnas have cis-acting signals that promote minus-strand synthesis. to identify additional factors that affect rna replication, chimeric rnas were made that consisted of portions of the gene 8 mrna of sa11 rotavirus and of the gene fo ... | 1999 | 10544142 |
| mutations of respiratory syncytial virus attachment glycoprotein g associated with resistance to neutralization by primate polyclonal antibodies. | the respiratory syncytial (rs) virus attachment glycoprotein g is a type ii transmembrane glycoprotein and an important target of the host immune response. antigenic variability of the g protein is postulated to contribute to the ability of the virus to evade established immune responses. a glycoprotein g monospecific polyclonal antiserum from a nonhuman primate was used to select for an antibody resistant rs virus. the mutant virus was resistant to neutralization by the selecting antiserum and ... | 1999 | 10544149 |
| the pitfalls of using managed care databases in cost-effectiveness research. | 1999 | 10545557 | |
| advances in prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections. | 1999 | 10547241 | |
| viral infections in interferon-gamma receptor deficiency. | interferon-gamma receptor deficiency is a recently described immunodeficiency that is associated with onset of severe mycobacterial infections in childhood. we describe the occurrence of symptomatic and often severe viral infections in 4 patients with interferon-gamma receptor deficiency and mycobacterial disease. the viral pathogens included herpes viruses, parainfluenza virus type 3, and respiratory syncytial virus. we conclude that patients with interferon-gamma receptor deficiency and mycoba ... | 1999 | 10547254 |
| rational design of live-attenuated recombinant vaccine virus for human respiratory syncytial virus by reverse genetics. | rsv is a major cause of pediatric respiratory tract disease worldwide, but a vaccine is not yet available. it is now possible to prepare live infectious rsv completely from cdna. this provides a method for introducing defined mutations into infectious virus, making possible the rational design of a live-attenuated vaccine virus for intranasal administration. this is particularly important for rsv, for which achieving the appropriate balance between attenuation and immunogenicity by conventional ... | 1999 | 10547682 |
| prevention and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infections. | 1999 | 10549378 | |
| rescue of a bovine respiratory syncytial virus genomic rna analog by bovine, human and ovine respiratory syncytial viruses confirms the "functional integrity" and "cross-recognition" of brsv cis-acting elements by hrsv and orsv. | the nucleotide sequences of the 3' leader and 5' trailer regions were determined for genomic rna of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) strain a-51908. the leader and trailer sequences are '45' and '161' nucleotides in length, respectively. the functionality of brsv leader and trailer sequences and their recognition by hrsv and ovine respiratory syncytial virus (orsv) proteins were examined with a in vitro transcribed brsv genomic rna analog carrying the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl tr ... | 1999 | 10550670 |
| transfer of the enhancing effect of respiratory syncytial virus infection on subsequent allergic airway sensitization by t lymphocytes. | in mice, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection enhances allergic airway sensitization, resulting in lung eosinophilia and in airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr). the mechanisms by which rsv contributes to development of asthma and its effects on allergic airway sensitization in mice are not known. we tested whether these consequences of rsv infection can be adoptively transferred by t cells and whether depletion of t cell subsets prevents the effects of rsv infection on subsequent airway sens ... | 1999 | 10553105 |
| childhood viral infection and the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease. | many epidemiologic studies have implicated childhood respiratory infections as an independent risk factor for the subsequent development of persistent asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). the majority of these childhood infections are viral in origin, and great strides are being made in understanding their pathogenesis at the molecular level. some viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus-a common cause of childhood bronchiolitis-stimulate the helper t cell type 2 (th2) pa ... | 1999 | 10556165 |
| a recombinant trimeric surfactant protein d carbohydrate recognition domain inhibits respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro and in vivo. | the pulmonary collectin, lung surfactant protein d (sp-d), plays a role in host defense mediated by the interaction of surface carbohydrates of inhaled pathogens with the lectin domains of sp-d. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the most important viral pathogen of neonates and infants, encodes a highly glycosylated attachment protein, g. binding studies were performed with g protein from rsv (human, a2 strain) and both native and recombinant human sp-d. the effect of recombinant trimeric sp-d ... | 1999 | 10556802 |
| surfactant protein a binds to the fusion glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus and neutralizes virion infectivity. | collectins are a family of calcium-dependent collagenous lectins that appear to be important in innate host defense. we investigated the ability of three human collectins, namely, lung surfactant proteins a (sp-a) and d (sp-d) and the serum mannose-binding protein (mbp), to bind to the surface glycoproteins of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). sp-a was shown to bind to the f (fusion) glycoprotein but not to the viral g (attachment) glycoprotein, and binding was completely abrogated in the prese ... | 1999 | 10558959 |
| replacement of the f and g proteins of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) subgroup a with those of subgroup b generates chimeric live attenuated rsv subgroup b vaccine candidates. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) exists as two antigenic subgroups, a and b, both of which should be represented in a vaccine. the f and g glycoproteins are the major neutralization and protective antigens, and the g protein in particular is highly divergent between the subgroups. the existing system for reverse genetics is based on the a2 strain of rsv subgroup a, and most efforts to develop a live attenuated rsv vaccine have focused on strain a2 or other subgroup a viruses. in the prese ... | 1999 | 10559287 |
| priming with a secreted form of the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) promotes interleukin-4 (il-4) and il-5 production but not pulmonary eosinophilia following rsv challenge. | the attachment (g) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is synthesized as two mature forms: a membrane-anchored form and a smaller secreted form. balb/c mice scarified with vaccinia virus (vv) expressing the secreted form develop a greater pulmonary eosinophilic influx following rsv challenge than do mice scarified with vv expressing the membrane-anchored form. to determine if a soluble form of an rsv protein was sufficient to induce eosinophilia following rsv challenge, a cdna that enco ... | 1999 | 10559323 |
| pulmonary failure after norwood procedure: indication for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation? a case report. | today some authors consider univentricular repair a contraindication for postoperative cardiac extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo). the question is whether or not ecmo is indicated as pulmonary support in case of an overwhelming pulmonary infection during the postoperative course after a norwood procedure. during the prolonged weaning period after a norwood procedure using a 4 mm aortopulmonary shunt, proven respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis occurred at the time of expected ... | 1999 | 10564313 |
| inhaled antimicrobial therapy. | although antimicrobial therapy has been administered through the inhaled route for decades, it has always been controversial. there are relatively few accepted indications for this mode of administration. well-controlled studies of aerosolized antibiotics in cystic fibrosis demonstrate that tobramycin on a cyclical basis may reduce sputum volume, bacterial counts, and improve pulmonary function. preliminary data indicate that inhaled antibiotic therapy of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis ... | 1999 | 10565884 |
| the impact of winter epidemics of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus on paediatric admissions to an urban general hospital. | to demonstrate the impact of influenza epidemics on pediatric hospital admissions, admissions that were attributable to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection to the pediatric ward of an urban general hospital in japan were followed-up during a 4-month period from december to march 1991 through 1998. during the 1997-1998 influenza type a (h3n2) epidemic, a diagnosis of influenza type a (h3n2) was made in 26.3% of all patients admitted aged 15 years or lower. during the peak of ... | 2000 | 10568771 |
| bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis obliterans post respiratory syncytial virus infection: think again. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infections are common, yet long-term sequelae in previously healthy infants and children are rarely reported. we report a child who developed bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis obliterans following an rsv lower respiratory tract infection but in whom adenovirus was detected on stored serum. co-infection with adenovirus is the likely cause for the bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis obliterans. | 1999 | 10571767 |
| extrapontine myelinolysis with involvement of the hippocampus in three children with severe hypernatremia. | central pontine myelinolysis is a disorder of unknown etiology linked to overly aggressive correction of hyponatremia. in addition to the typical location of demyelination with preservation of neurons and axon cylinders in the basis pontis, similar lesions have been described in extrapontine locations. central pontine myelinolysis and extrapontine myelinolysis usually occur together, and are identified at autopsy rather than in life because symptoms of extrapontine myelinolysis are often masked ... | 1999 | 10573464 |
| [respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in four immunocompromised adults]. | in hematologic malignancies, respiratory syncytial viral infections can be explained by neutropenia, and cellular and humoral immunodepression, and may cause severe respiratory infections. | 1999 | 10573730 |
| respiratory viral infection predisposing for bacterial disease: a concise review. | although bacterial superinfection in viral respiratory disease is a clinically well documented phenomenon, the pathogenic mechanisms are still poorly understood. recent studies have revealed some of the mechanisms involved. physical damage to respiratory cells as a result of viral infection may lead to opportunistic adherence of bacteria. enhanced bacterial adherence by specific mechanisms has been documented for respiratory cells infected with influenza a virus, respiratory syncytial virus and ... | 1999 | 10575129 |
| pulmonary lesions in primary respiratory syncytial virus infection, reinfection, and vaccine-enhanced disease in the cotton rat (sigmodon hispidus). | infection of the cotton rat lung with a human strain of respiratory syncytial virus results in substantial virus replication and is associated with mild-to-moderate peribronchiolitis, perivasculitis, and bronchitis. reinfection after 49 days did not result in detectable virus replication, but surprisingly, was associated with an earlier appearance and accentuation of the three types of lesions seen in cotton rats undergoing primary infection. animals primed with formalin-inactivated virus and ch ... | 1999 | 10576209 |
| palivizumab (synagis)--cohorting babies to reduce waste. | 1999 | 10577151 | |
| active and passive immunisation against respiratory syncytial virus. | rsv is a major cause of respiratory illness in infants under 2 years of age. evidence is accumulating that it is also underestimated as a cause of respiratory infection in adults, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. active interventions to control the impact of rsv infection have been hampered by a lack of understanding of the immune response to rsv in different age groups. a number of different strategies for developing rsv vaccines have been pursued, including live attenuated vaccin ... | 1999 | 10578118 |
| complications of pediatric laryngotracheal reconstruction: prevention strategies. | a retrospective chart review was performed to quantify the postoperative complications and outcomes of 82 consecutive cases of laryngotracheal reconstruction (ltr) and cricotracheal resection (ctr) performed at a pediatric tertiary care hospital over the last 9 years. six cases of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis and 8 cases of cervical pseudomonal wound abscess (pwa) were identified in a total of 12 patients. all of these infections occurred after single-stage ltr or ctr. both rs ... | 1999 | 10579227 |
| epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infection among paediatric patients in hong kong: seasonality and disease impact. | in a 5-year retrospective survey of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections among hospitalized children, 1340 cases were identified of which, 98.4% were children < 5 years old with a male:female ratio of 1.5: 1. most cases occurred from april to september showing a significant positive correlation with temperature and relative humidity. community-acquired infections accounted for 92.5% of the cases with a mean hospital stay of 5 days. the estimated annual incidence of rsv infection requirin ... | 1999 | 10579445 |