Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| congenital cytomegalovirus infection as a result of nonprimary cytomegalovirus disease in a mother with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | a pregnant woman with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome had nonprimary cytomegalovirus (cmv) viremia and died of complications from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and cmv sinusitis and pneumonitis. a boy was delivered by cesarean section at 34 weeks of gestation as the mother's health deteriorated and fetal distress developed. the infant died soon after delivery of interstitial pneumonitis and hyaline membrane disease with invasive cmv disease that affected the kidneys, adrenal glands, and plac ... | 1995 | 7844681 |
| invasive trichosporon beigelii infection in immunosuppressed rats. | fulminant systemic mycoses were seen as complications in rats undergoing drug trials for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. rats were immunosuppressed with corticosteroids and by feeding with a low-protein diet. homogenized pulmonary tissue from a rat with pneumocystosis was inoculated transtracheally. secondary invasive mycosis was found in 56 of 59 rats examined. trichosporon beigelii was identified as the causative agent in the majority of cases. after examining possible sources ... | 1994 | 7845415 |
| high failure rate of dapsone and pentamidine as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. | 1994 | 7845719 | |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with recurrent pneumothorax and pleuritis]. | a report on three hiv-positive patients with recurrent pneumothorax in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on whom partial parietal pleurectomy and in two cases also a wedge-shaped pulmonary resection were performed. histology revealed granulomatous necrotising pneumonia involving the visceral pleura, and a partly honeycomb-shaped metaplasia of the pulmonary tissue. a fibrinous and partly granulomatous necrotising pneumocystis carinii pleuritis of both pleural membranes was seen, being the morphologi ... | 1994 | 7845958 |
| lung cancer in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | this retrospective study determined the clinical course of lung cancer in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. a total of 23 patients with hiv infection archived as lung cancer were studied: 16 were identified from about 1,000 lung cancer patients entered in the tumor registry and medical records of jackson memorial hospital, 7 were identified from about 1,000 hiv-positive patients entered in the special immunology registry of veterans administration medical center, 4 pati ... | 1995 | 7847261 |
| the tolerance for zidovudine plus thrice weekly or daily trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole with and without leucovorin for primary prophylaxis in advanced hiv disease. california collaborative treatment group. | trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) is the preferred agent for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with hiv infection, but frequent adverse events limit its usefulness. intermittent dosing and supplementation with leucovorin have been tried in attempts to improve tolerance. we evaluated these strategies in persons with advanced hiv disease. | 1995 | 7847434 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating hodgkin's disease: a case report. | a case of hodgkin's disease who developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is described. the diagnosis of p. carinii was confirmed on post-mortem lung biopsy. the rarity of its occurrence in our country is emphasised as is the need for high degree of suspicion and early institution of treatment. | 1994 | 7851955 |
| use of an atp bioluminescent assay to evaluate viability of pneumocystis carinii from rats. | a bioluminescent assay which employs the luciferin-luciferase atp-dependent reaction was used to evaluate the viability of populations of pneumocystis carinii derived from infected rat lungs. contamination with host cells was reduced by a purification method which involved a combination of low- and high-speed centrifugations resulting in a 1,000-fold reduction of the rat cells while enriching for the trophic form of p. carinii. a linear correlation for the number of p. carinii nuclei versus the ... | 1994 | 7852574 |
| a historical review of pneumocystis carinii. | 1995 | 7853636 | |
| a randomized trial of three antipneumocystis agents in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. niaid aids clinical trials group. | we evaluated the effectiveness of three treatment strategies for the prevention of a first episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 1995 | 7854375 |
| a randomized trial comparing fluconazole with clotrimazole troches for the prevention of fungal infections in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. niaid aids clinical trials group. | cryptococcal meningitis and other serious fungal infections are common complications in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). fluconazole is effective for long-term suppression of many fungal infections, but its effectiveness as primary prophylaxis had not been adequately evaluated. | 1995 | 7854376 |
| danish aids patients 1988-1993: a recent decline in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as aids-defining disease related to the period of known hiv positivity. | the frequency of pcp among adult danish aids patients notified in 1988-93 was higher among patients tested hiv-positive less than 4 months prior to aids than among those known to be positive for > 1 year. among the latter, the proportion with pcp decreased significantly over the period, from 45.3% in 1988 to 22.0% in 1993, while no such trend was found among patients tested positive for hiv less than 4 months before aids was diagnosed. the incidence of pcp as an aids-defining disease has decreas ... | 1994 | 7855549 |
| late manifestations of hiv in asia and the pacific. | late-stage hiv infection is characterized by profound immunodeficiency with a progressive and irreversible decline in the cd4 count, functional impairment of cellular and humoral immunity, and evidence of increased viral replication, with the appearance of p24 antigenemia and increasing levels of beta(2)-microglobulin and neopterin. these changes are associated with increased susceptibility to many infections, the emergence of malignancies, and neurological complications due to the direct infec ... | 1994 | 7857567 |
| the role of atovaquone tablets in treating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | at the start of the aids epidemic, the only agents licensed for treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) and pentamidine. both are effective against pcp, but their use has been compromised by adverse reactions that necessitate discontinuing therapy in < or = 54% of patients. as a result of the limitations in the use of these therapies, research efforts have been directed toward the development of effective agents with an improved safety profi ... | 1995 | 7859136 |
| outpatient supportive therapy after induction to remission therapy in adult acute myelogenous leukaemia (aml) is feasible: a multicentre study. | twenty-four adult patients with aml were treated with standard "7 + 3" chemotherapy. after administering the myeloablative drugs in the hospital, patients were instructed to continue their supportive treatment on an outpatient basis; they received ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxasole and itraconazole vo until the absolute granulocyte count rose above 1 x 10(9)/l. platelet concentrates were given every other day until the platelet count rose above 20 x 10(9)/l. complete remission (cr) was obtained in 87% ... | 1995 | 7859871 |
| prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection in the united states. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis evaluation working group. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) remains a common and often fatal opportunistic infection among children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). hiv-infected infants between three and six months of age are particularly vulnerable. current guidelines recommend prophylaxis in children from birth to 11 months old who have cd4+ counts below 1500 cells per cubic millimeter. | 1995 | 7862183 |
| maternal-fetal transmission of pneumocystis carinii in human immunodeficiency virus infection. | 1995 | 7862196 | |
| safety of pentamidine prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on the endocrine pancreatic function in hiv patients. | we assessed the pancreatic beta cells function of hiv patients receiving either 300 mg per month of aerosolized pentamidine (n = 12) or oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx), twice a day three times per week (tmp: 160 mg, smx: 800 mg) (n = 10). intravenous (i.v.) glucose tolerance tests were performed after i.v. injection of 0.5 glucose by kg of body weight in 30 seconds. plasma insulin levels were assessed at baseline, 1, 2, 3 and 5 min. moreover, in patients receiving inhaled pentamidin ... | 1994 | 7864513 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after liver transplantation in adults. | proven pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) occurred in 8 (5.2%) of 154 adult liver transplant recipients between january 1986 and december 1992. the interval between transplantation and pcp ranged from 69 to 131 days with a mean of 95 days (sd 20 days). the pao2 breathing room air at diagnosis ranged from 40 mmhg to 75 mmhg with a mean of 59.6 mmhg (sd 13 mmhg). bronchial washings taken at bronchoscopy stained positively for pneumocystis carinii and confirmed the diagnosis. transbronchial biops ... | 1994 | 7865910 |
| artificial infections of pneumocystis carinii in the scid mouse and their use in the in vivo evaluation of antipneumocystis drugs. | a model for the in vivo evaluation of antipneumocystis drugs has been developed in scid mice infected intratracheally with cryopreserved mouse-derived pneumocystis carinii. the development of a highly reproducible fatal p. carinii pneumonia occurred within 10 weeks (mean survival time +/- sem = 72.2 +/- 1.2 days). continuous administration of dexamethasone (2 mg/liter in the drinking water) exacerbated the rate of onset of severe p. carinii pneumonia (mean survival time +/- sem = 63 +/- 1.3 days ... | 1994 | 7866380 |
| incorporation of fatty acids and amino acids by cultured pneumocystis carinii. | cultured p. carinii rapidly took up a variety of fatty acids. the relative rates of uptake for four fatty acids were 18:1 >> 16:0 approximately equal to 18:0 approximately equal to 18:2. fatty acids were primarily incorporated into phospholipids and the uptake process was specifically inhibited by 2.2 and 22 microm primaquine, a concentration having no effect on host cells. amino acids were also taken up by cultured p. carinii in a primaquine sensitive process. radiolabeled leucine was incorpora ... | 1994 | 7866387 |
| the structure of pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase to 1.9 a resolution. | the fungal pathogen pneumocystis carinii causes a pneumonia which is an opportunistic infection of aids patients. current therapy includes the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) inhibitor trimethoprim which is selective but only a relatively weak inhibitor of the enzyme for p. carinii. determination of the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme should form the basis for design of more potent and selective therapeutic agents for treatment of the disease. | 1994 | 7866743 |
| [experimental and clinical study on pneumocystosis. iii. development and characterization of monoclonal antibody against pneumocystis carinii]. | balb/c mice were repeatedly inoculated subcutaneously with purified rat source pneumocystis carinii (p.c.) cysts. six weeks later, the spleen cells were fused with ns1 myeloma cells, and a mouse hybridoma producing monoclonal antibody against p.c. was established and cloned, which was named as 4d7 mcab. its mean of chromosome was 82. the 4d7 mcab was shown to be igg1 subclass. it reacted mainly with 54 kda polypeptide of p.c. in eitb. 4d7 mcab could clearly recognize p.c. by immunohistochemical ... | 1994 | 7867153 |
| pneumocystis carinii glycoprotein a binds macrophage mannose receptors. | pneumocystis carinii causes life-threatening pneumonia in patients with impaired immunity. recent studies suggest that alveolar macrophages interact with p. carinii through macrophage mannose receptors. however, the ligand(s) on p. carinii that is recognized by these receptors has not been fully defined. p. carinii contains a major mannose-rich surface antigen complex termed glycoprotein a (gpa). it was therefore hypothesized that gpa binds directly to macrophage mannose receptors and mediates o ... | 1995 | 7868247 |
| differences exist in the immunoblotting profiles of cyst and trophozoite antigens of pneumocystis carinii. | the antigenic profiles of pneumocystis carinii trophozoites and cysts were compared by immunoblotting with hyperimmune rat sera against cyst and trophozoite antigens. strong bands corresponding to proteins of 50-60 kda and 104 kda were demonstrated in cyst and trophozoite antigens by all antisera. additional prominent proteins of 81 and 63 kda and less prominent proteins of 88, 73, 69 and 37 kda were found only in trophozoite antigen. the latter proteins were recognised by anti-trophozoite and a ... | 1995 | 7869347 |
| prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia at higher cd4+ t-cell counts. | 1995 | 7869553 | |
| [induced sputum. indication for examination in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia?]. | induced sputum is a simple, rapid, and non-invasive technique for detection of pneumocystis carinii in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. in this study 31 patients were examined both with induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage. p. carinii was found in 24 patients. in 68% of the samples obtained by the induced sputum method the microorganism was found after giemsa or methenamine silver staining. in 32% the diagnosis was established in the lavage fluid only. induced sputum is indicat ... | 1995 | 7871505 |
| phytosterols are present in pneumocystis carinii. | although originally classified as a protozoan, pneumocystis carinii is now considered to have fungal characteristics. drugs typically used for the treatment of fungal infections target ergosterol. because p. carinii is an important pathogen in aids and other immunocompromised patients, knowledge of the sterol content of this organism may be useful as a basis for developing new treatment strategies or for improving diagnosis. p. carinii organisms were harvested from infected rat lungs and were pu ... | 1994 | 7872743 |
| ornithine decarboxylase in pneumocystis carinii and implications for therapy. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) can be treated with eflornithine (difluoromethylornithine, dfmo, ornidyl), a competitive irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (odc), a key enzyme for polyamine biosynthesis. because odc has been reported to be absent from p. carinii, it has been assumed that eflornithine affects p. carinii only indirectly, by affecting host polyamine biosynthesis. if this is true, then improvements in the selectivity of antipolyamine therapy for pcp would be limi ... | 1994 | 7872745 |
| guanylhydrazones in therapy of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunosuppressed rats. | guanylhydrazones are cationic heteroaromatic drugs similar to the diamidines which are effective in the treatment of african trypanosomiasis and pneumocystosis. on the basis of their antitrypanosomal activity, different guanylhydrazones were selected for evaluation in a rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the most active compounds were the 2-(4'-formylphenyl)-1-methylimidazo-[1,2-a] pyridinium guanylhydrazones which, at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day, were about as effective as trimethoprim-sulf ... | 1994 | 7872750 |
| associating poor outcome with the presence of cytomegalovirus in bronchoalveolar lavage from hiv patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1995 | 7874921 | |
| the relationship between cytomegalovirus retrieved by bronchoalveolar lavage and mortality in patients with hiv. | to evaluate mortality over 6 months of patients with hiv with cytomegalovirus (cmv) cultured from bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) compared with those without cmv and to assess the significance of cmv cytologic study, cd4+ counts, and coexistent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1995 | 7874946 |
| eb9, a new antibody for the detection of trophozoites of pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens in aids. | to prepare a monoclonal antibody (eb9) against the trophozoite form of pneumocystis carinii and to test its efficacy for detecting infection with this organism. | 1994 | 7876385 |
| clinical study of hiv disease in the lower area of northern thailand in 1994. | seventy-seven hiv-positive patients admitted to budhachinaraj hospital between february and july 1994 were studied. the sex ratio between male and female was 4.1:1 the majority of cases were sexually transmitted. there were 25 cases of symptomatic hiv and 52 cases of full-blown aids. the treatment in this study was both medical and psychological. cryptococcal infection is common in the lower area of northern provinces. zidovudine has not been widely used. the aids patients died of p. carinii pne ... | 1994 | 7876766 |
| 2,4-diamino-5-substituted-quinazolines as inhibitors of a human dihydrofolate reductase with a site-directed mutation at position 22 and of the dihydrofolate reductases from pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii. | 2,4-diaminoquinazoline antifolates with a lipophilic side chain at the 5-position, and in one case with a classical (p-aminobenzoyl)-l-glutamate side chain, were synthesized as potentially selective inhibitors of a site-directed mutant of human dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) containing phenylalanine instead of leucine at position 22. this mutant enzyme is approximately 100-fold more resistant than native enzyme to the classical antifolate methotrexate (mtx), yet shows minimal cross resistance to ... | 1995 | 7877140 |
| [anticardiolipin antibodies in parenteral drug addicts: relationship with hiv]. | the igg isotype of anticardiolipin antibodies (acl) and its possible relationship with the immunodeficiency virus (hiv) were studied in 65 parenteral drug addicts (pda). thirty-seven patients were infected in the present study. nineteen (51%) fulfilled diagnostic criteria of aids. thirty-two of these 37 hiv-positive patients (86%) were igg-acl positive. fourteen (50%) of the 28 hiv-negative patients were igg-acl positive. our study reveals a lack of correlation between acl and thrombocytopenia. ... | 1995 | 7878276 |
| oral atovaquone compared with intravenous pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids. atovaquone study group. | to test the hypothesis that the therapeutic success rate of oral atovaquone is not worse than that of intravenous pentamidine in the primary treatment of mild and moderate pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and to detect differences in the toxicity rates of the two treatments. | 1994 | 7880228 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a major complication of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with wegener's granulomatosis. | the risk factors and clinical and laboratory parameters in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with wegener's granulomatosis have not been well characterized. we undertook a retrospective chart review of all patients with a diagnosis of wegener's granulomatosis and p. carinii pneumonia who were followed at the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases of the national institutes of health. the chart review focused on clinical, laboratory, and roentgenologic evidence of p. carin ... | 1995 | 7881673 |
| a multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive corticosteroids in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | a multicenter placebo-controlled trial of early short-term high-dose methylprednisolone enrolled 78 patients with moderate to severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) complicating hiv infection. the mean pressure of oxygen (po2) at study entry was 55 mm hg for the 71 patients who had blood gases monitored while breathing room air. patients were randomized to receive methylprednisolone (40 mg) or placebo parenterally twice daily for 10 days, and the first dose of study medication was given wit ... | 1995 | 7882099 |
| the learning curve for aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: experience from 3,981 cases in veterans affairs hospitals 1987-1991. | previous studies have found lower mortality rates for aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in hospitals with higher levels of experience with pcp. it is not known if patients are selectively referred to better hospitals or if there is a learning curve whereby outcomes improve as physicians gain experience in treating pcp. we assessed cases of pcp at 140 veterans administration (va) medical centers in the united states. during 1987-1991, 3,981 patients were hospitalized with first-ep ... | 1995 | 7882102 |
| typing of pneumocystis carinii strains that infect humans based on nucleotide sequence variations of internal transcribed spacers of rrna genes. | small portions of the 18s and the 26s rrna genes, the entire 5.8s rrna gene, and internal transcribed spacers its1 and its2 (located between the 18s and 5.8s rrna genes and between the 5.8s and 26s rrna genes, respectively) of pneumocystis carinii that infect humans were cloned and sequenced. the nucleotide sequences of the 18s, 5.8s, and 26s rrna genes determined in the study were approximately 90% homologous to those of p. carinii that infect rats, while the sequences of its1 and its2 of p. ca ... | 1994 | 7883876 |
| preliminary results of pneumocystis carinii strain differentiation by using molecular biology. | the mode of pneumocystis carinii transmission is controversial. recent studies point to exogenous inoculation rather than reactivation, and person-to-person transmission has also been suggested. comparison of nucleotide sequences of the large-subunit mitochondrial rrna gene of p. carinii from human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients showed strain differences. | 1994 | 7883899 |
| outcome of toxoplasma gondii mismatches in heart transplant recipients over a period of 8 years. | donor-related infection due to toxoplasma gondii is a well-recorded complication of cardiac transplantation. in order to assess the efficacy of co-trimoxazole in small doses as prophylaxis for primary toxoplasma gondii infection in seronegative heart and heart-lung transplant recipients receiving organs from seropositive donors, we reviewed the serostatus and clinical outcome of all such mismatched transplants performed at our unit over a period of 8 years. of 310 transplants performed between m ... | 1994 | 7884217 |
| causes of death in renal transplant recipients: a study of 102 autopsies from 1968 to 1991. | a study was conducted on 102 patients submitted to renal transplant who died and were autopsied at the university hospital, faculty of medicine of ribeirão preto, brazil, from 1968 to 1991. the cause of death, based on a review of medical records and autopsy reports, was assigned to one of the following categories: infectious (69.6%); cardiovascular (12.7%); gastrointestinal (7.8%); graft rejection (6.9%); tumoral (2.0%); and undetermined (1.0%). among the 71 cases of death caused by infection, ... | 1995 | 7884765 |
| the use of a nested polymerase chain reaction for detecting pneumocystis carinii from lung and blood in rat and human infection. | a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed to detect both rat- and human-derived pneumocystis carinii dna. the nested pcr product was 125 bp long and was representative of part of the gene coding for the large subunit of mitochondrial ribosomal rna. twenty serial blood samples and 24 tissues from six immunosuppressed sprague-dawley rats were examined by nested pcr. all lung samples were positive by pcr and toluidine blue o staining. buffy coat samples and all the other tissues ... | 1995 | 7884803 |
| [the inhalational therapy of respiratory pathology]. | the inhalation of aerosolized drugs for therapeutic purpose has been used for many years in respiratory diseases as asthma, chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis. therapeutic aerosols have the advantages to deliver active substances directly to the site of disease, without systemic side effects, to produce a more rapid clinical response, to avoid barriers to the absorption of drugs such as the gastrointestinal tract. we review the mechanisms and the site of lung deposition and the range of devices ... | 1994 | 7885949 |
| ultrastructural localization of monoclonal antibodies against pneumocystis carinii. differentiation between developmental stage and host origin. | the ultrastructural immunolocalization of target antigens recognized by two monoclonal antibodies against pneumocystis carinii was investigated using both human- and rat-derived organism. labelling was seen using both cryo electron microscopy and postembedding in epon after fixation in glutaraldehyde. the antibodies showed different host species- and developmental stage specificity. one of the antibodies reacted with the outer membrane of all developmental stages of human-derived but not rat-der ... | 1994 | 7888158 |
| dysregulation of interleukin 8, interleukin 10, and interleukin 12 release by alveolar macrophages from hiv type 1-infected subjects. | we examined the in vitro release of interleukin 8 (il-8), interleukin 10 (il-10), and interleukin 12 (il-12) by alveolar macrophages from normal volunteers and hiv-1-infected subjects. normal volunteers had very low levels of il-8 and il-10 and undetectable il-12 in the cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf). asymptomatic hiv-1-infected subjects had elevated levels of il-8 and il-10 in their balf, and hiv-1-infected subjects with nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis (nip) or infected with ... | 1994 | 7888221 |
| phospholipid composition of pneumocystis carinii carinii and effects of methylprednisolone immunosuppression on rat lung lipids. | the phospholipid class composition of pneumocystis carinii carinii freshly isolated from infected lungs generally resembled that of the host lung, suggesting that the parasite scavenges lung alveolar lipids. however, subtle quantitative differences were demonstrated, indicating that the pathogen has the metabolic capacity to de novo synthesize, or at least tailor, its lipids. the concentration of phosphatidylcholine, the major lung surfactant lipid, in the organism was lower than that in lungs o ... | 1995 | 7890386 |
| aids in india. | the first case of aids in india was reported in 1986. it is now estimated, however, that more than 1.5 million people in the country are infected with hiv, with current projections indicating that india will have more cases of aids than any other country in the world by the year 2000. the hiv epidemic in india is similar in many ways to the epidemics in sub-saharan africa and thailand. heterosexual intercourse is the main mode of viral transmission, with prostitution and an high prevalence of ... | 1995 | 7891543 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-negative immunocompromised adults. | to identify patient populations at risk of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and assess the potential role of chemoprophylaxis. | 1995 | 7891601 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis remains unchallenged. | 1995 | 7893433 | |
| the role of initial aids-defining illness in survival following aids. | to examine the role of initial aids-defining illness in survival following aids and survival trends over time. | 1995 | 7893442 |
| a population-based comparison of the clinical course of children and adults with aids. | to examine the association of clinical complications and age at diagnosis with survival for a cohort of children and adults with aids. | 1995 | 7893443 |
| morphogenesis in chronic pneumocystis carinii infection--discussion of three cases. | the clinical and histological features of three hiv1-positive patients are reported of whom two showed persistent focal lesions on serial chest x-rays without any demonstrable lesion on repeated bronchoscopies. the third patient presented with recurrent pneumothorax. by thoracoscopy peripheral lung tissue was obtained in all cases, showing localized histomorphological findings compatible with a prolonged interstitial reaction around pneumocystis carinii (pc) organisms and their breakdown product ... | 1994 | 7893975 |
| non-specific interstitial pneumonia (nip): immunohistologic screening of etiologic agents. | non-specific interstitial pneumonia (nip) occurs frequently in patients with hiv-infection. to elucidate the etiology of this pulmonary disorder, we searched for 13 different microorganisms in transbronchial biopsies from 15 patients with nip, 15 patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and 20 patients with lung diseases not related to hiv-infection using monoclonal antibodies and the apaap- or pap-technique for immunostaining. chlamydia trachomatis and parainfluenza iii were detected ... | 1994 | 7893990 |
| latency is not an inevitable outcome of infection with pneumocystis carinii. | severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mice resolve naturally acquired pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after reconstitution with immunocompetent spleen cells and can therefore be used as a model to study latent p. carinii infection. neither p. carinii nor amplified p. carinii dna was detected in the lungs of scid mice killed 21 days after spleen cell reconstitution. furthermore, scid mice that recovered from p. carinii infection failed to reactivate the infection after they were either depleted ... | 1993 | 7901169 |
| cd4+ lymphocyte response to zidovudine as a predictor of aids-free time and survival time. | it is unknown whether the early rise in cd4+ lymphocyte count seen in zidovudine-treated patients is associated with increased aids-free time and survival time. to determine the association of this and other changes in immunologic and hematologic markers with prognosis for time to aids and survival, we followed 747 aids-free patients from initiation of zidovudine therapy in the multicenter aids cohort study (macs). participants were seen semiannually and had data collected on medication use, imm ... | 1993 | 7901384 |
| epidemiology and infectious complications of human immunodeficiency virus antibody positive patients. | from july 1, 1991 to march 31, 1992, 156 patients (pts) with positive antibody titers to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) were seen in our clinic. a retrospective review of the epidemiology and infectious complications of these patients is presented. there were 129 males and 27 females (4.8:1, ratio). only 10/156 (12.8%) were non-whites (13 blacks and 7 hispanics). the majority, 126 (80.7%), were 25 to 44 years old. the most common risk factor was homosexuality or bisexuality 100 (64.1%), ... | 1993 | 7901972 |
| clinical manifestations of aids in the era of pneumocystis prophylaxis. multicenter aids cohort study. | among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), early and widespread use of prophylactic regimens against pneumocystis carinii is changing the pattern of illnesses related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). | 1993 | 7902536 |
| dietary micronutrient intake and risk of progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-infected homosexual men. | the authors sought to determine if different levels of dietary intake of micronutrients are associated with the progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). a total of 281 hiv-1 seropositive homosexual/bisexual men were seen semiannually since 1984 at the baltimore/washington, dc site of the multicenter aids cohort study. participants completed a self-administered semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline. leve ... | 1993 | 7903021 |
| changes in survival after acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids): 1984-1991. | in a prospective cohort of 2,647 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) seropositive homosexual men enrolled in baltimore, chicago, los angeles, and pittsburgh, 891 developed clinical acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) between june 1984 and january 1992. cox proportional hazards models were used to examine temporal trends in survival after aids for specific diagnoses, controlling for level of immunosuppression at diagnosis, age, race, and geographic location. median survival time fol ... | 1993 | 7903022 |
| transfusion of blood components to persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1: relationship to opportunistic infection. | although a recent study reported shorter survivals in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-infected patients who received transfusions, no study has analyzed the relationship in such patients between the frequency of opportunistic infection and transfusion. | 1994 | 7903830 |
| human retroviruses and neoplastic disease. | human retroviral infections result in significant neoplastic disease. human t cell lymphotropic virus i (htlv-i), the first human retrovirus to be discovered, is associated with the development of acute t cell leukemia with characteristic hypercalcemia and skin lesions after many years of chronic infection of cd4+ cells. htlv-i also produces myelopathy. a minor t cell immunodeficiency occurs in htlv-i acute t cell leukemia with associated strongyloidiasis and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. huma ... | 1993 | 7903870 |
| higher socioeconomic status is associated with slower progression of hiv infection independent of access to health care. | in order to identify socioeconomic characteristics associated with slower progression of hiv infection, we conducted a nested case-control study within a cohort of 729 homosexual men. the study compared non-progressors (defined as subjects who, at a follow-up visit during the period october 1989-december 1990, had been hiv positive for at least 5 years, had a cd4 count > 0.5 x 10(9)/l, had a karnofsky score of 100%, were at centers for disease control (cdc) stage iii or less, and had never recei ... | 1994 | 7904296 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during therapy with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-cda)]. | we report the case of a 70-year-old patient with b-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. during therapy with the new purine analog 2-chloro-deoxyadenosine (2-cda) the patient developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). although the mechanism of action of 2-cda suggests the incidence of opportunistic infections and therefore pneumocystis pneumonia, this is the first case of pcp among 140 patients of the swiss study of 2-cda. the mechanism of action of 2-cda is described and the occurrence of pcp ... | 1994 | 7905206 |
| severity and outcome of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients of known and unknown hiv status. | of 170 western australian patients who had their first aids-defining illness between 1 january 1983 and 31 december 1991, 61 (36%) were of unknown hiv antibody status (aids presenters), while 109 (64%) were of known hiv antibody status (hiv presenters). pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was less common as the aids-defining illness in hiv presenters (41% versus 62%, p = 0.005). in this study of 70 patients with pcp as the index aids diagnosis, 36 were hiv presenters and 34 were aids presenters ... | 1994 | 7905524 |
| cd4 t cell count as predictor of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children born to mothers infected with hiv. european collaborative study group. | to assess the value of cd4 t cell count in predicting pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in infants born to mothers infected with hiv, with reference to the guidelines from the centers for disease control on prophylaxis against pneumocystis. | 1994 | 7907246 |
| changes in aids survival time in two san francisco cohorts of homosexual men, 1983 to 1993. | during the first decade since the recognition of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), new therapies have been introduced and the frequency of clinical manifestations has changed. the impact of these changes on aids survival, however, has not been well characterized. | 1994 | 7908703 |
| nih conference. recent advances in the management of aids-related opportunistic infections. | secondary infections remain the leading cause of death in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). dealing with the rapidly evolving spectrum of infectious problems seen in patients with aids requires knowledge of current therapeutic and prophylactic strategies. through an extensive preclinical trials network supported by both industry and government, an increasing number of new agents are being identified and rapidly moved into clinical trials. several agents are now availab ... | 1994 | 7909657 |
| preventive care among hiv-positive patients in a general medicine practice. | we randomly selected a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive patients from a large university-based general medicine practice to determine how often recommended disease prevention services are received. we used a standardized medical record review protocol to gather data from the records of 159 randomly selected hiv-positive adults followed in a university general medicine practice. we set 80% as the minimum acceptable rate of receipt of each recommended preventive service. withi ... | 1994 | 7909673 |
| survival differences in european patients with aids, 1979-89. the aids in europe study group. | to examine the pattern of survival and factors associated with the outcome of disease in patients with aids. | 1994 | 7909698 |
| tuberculosis in patients with hiv infection who receive corticosteroids for presumed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to determine if the use of corticosteroids for presumed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia exacerbated undiagnosed tuberculosis or increased the likelihood of reactivation tuberculosis, we reviewed medical records of 144 hospitalized hiv-infected patients who received antipneumocystis therapy. ninety-four patients (group c) received corticosteroids and 50 patients (group nc) did not. one hundred and thirty-seven patients (97%) had acid-fast stains and mycobacterial cultures performed. group c and gr ... | 1994 | 7911709 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and tuberculosis in an human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative patient without evidence of the idiopathic cd4+ t lymphopenia syndrome. | 1994 | 7912115 | |
| prophylaxis of opportunistic infections in persons with hiv infection. | morbidity and mortality associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is most often related to associated opportunistic infections. | 1994 | 7913002 |
| efficacy of primary chemoprophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during the first year of life in infants infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | to evaluate the efficacy of primary chemoprophylaxis in preventing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in infants with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection during the first year of life, we conducted a retrospective chart review of infants with human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection born at new york university medical center-bellevue hospital center, in new york. between march 1989 and march 1993, 24 infants received primary chemoprophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in ... | 1994 | 7915306 |
| the aids epidemic. | the nature of the clinical presentation of hiv infection continues to evolve over time. new cutaneous (e.g., seborrheic dermatitis, onychomycosis, and tinea pedis) and systemic (e.g., aspergillus fumigatus and penicillium marneffei) opportunistic fungal infections can now be added to the classic clinical markers for progressive hiv infection, such as kaposi's sarcoma, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, mycobacterium avium intercellulare infections, and cryptococcal meningitis. the fact that the app ... | 1994 | 7915731 |
| use of cd4 lymphocyte count to predict long-term survival free of aids after hiv infection. | to estimate the probability of remaining free of aids for up to 25 years after infection with hiv by extrapolation of changes in cd4 lymphocyte count. | 1994 | 7916226 |
| cloning and characterization of the calmodulin-encoding gene from pneumocystis carinii. | complete cdna and genomic clones for the cam gene encoding calmodulin (cam) from pneumocystis carinii have been isolated from rat and characterized. the nucleotide (nt) sequence contains an open reading frame interrupted by three introns, that encodes a protein of 152 amino acids. the predicted cam protein of p. carinii shares a high degree of homology with other known cam proteins. | 1993 | 7916711 |
| adverse effects of drugs used in the management of opportunistic infections associated with hiv infection. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is one of the most common aids-defining diagnoses. first-line therapy is cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), despite a high incidence of toxic effects, and a greater incidence of hypersensitivity reactions among hiv-positive patients compared with the seronegative population. alternative agents such as intravenous pentamidine, or clindamycin with primaquine, and trimethoprim with dapsone, also have a wide range of serious adverse effects, but remai ... | 1994 | 7917073 |
| amplification of pneumocystis carinii dna on specimens scraped from slides. | a method for the detection of pneumocystis carinii by polymerase chain reaction using specimens obtained by scraping bronchoalveolar lavage or tissue impression smears is described. the smears were scraped into water and then absorbed onto a glass-fiber filter. after fixing with methanol, the specimen on the filter was digested with proteinase k. the digestion mixture was then clarified, and a portion of the clarified supernatant was used as a template for the amplification of a portion of the m ... | 1994 | 7924213 |
| generalized air cysts complicated by fatal bilateral pneumothoraces in a patient with aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we describe a case of air cyst lesions in an aids patient suffering from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. this case is unique because these lesions were generalized to both lungs and initially well tolerated. pathologic examination revealed extensive tissue invasion by p carinii. the prognosis was complicated by bilateral pneumothoraces. surgical right pleurodesis allowed lung re-expansion but did not prevent recurrence of fatal contralateral pneumothorax. | 1994 | 7924511 |
| changes in serum neopterin and serum beta 2-microglobulin in subjects with lung infections. | our aim was to investigate whether serum neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin have any value in the distinction between pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and pneumonia due to extracellular bacteria. also, to study whether neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin would correlate with the clinical course of lung infections in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive and hiv-negative patients. thirty hiv-positive subjects with pcp, 9 hiv-positive patients with bacterial pneumonia, and 16 hiv-negative ... | 1994 | 7925900 |
| magnetic resonance imaging findings in pulmonary kaposi's sarcoma: a series of 10 cases. | since chest x-ray and ct scan features of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) are nonspecific, we wanted to test the hypothesis that the histological components of this tumour and/or the associated haemorrhagic component, may result in a characteristic signal pattern on magnetic resonance imaging (mri). thoracic mri was performed in a prospective manner in ten patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and pulmonary ks. mri examinations (1.5 tesla) included spin-echo t1 (se-t1), before and after ... | 1994 | 7925908 |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and its ocular complications. | human immunodeficiency virus infection is the first major pandemic of the 20th century. at present, almost 10 million people are known to be infected with this virus, and it is estimated that by the year 2000, approximately 40 million people will be infected. transmission of this deadly infection is predominantly by sexual contact. individuals infected with this virus pass through several predictable stages with progressive decrease in circulating cd4+ t cells. during the advanced stage, these p ... | 1994 | 7927632 |
| use of anti-cd4+ hybridoma cells to induce pneumocystis carinii in mice. | a reduction of peripheral cd4+ cell levels has been correlated with the onset of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients. most in vivo drug discovery and development for p. carinii have been conducted in corticosteroid-treated rats. there is need for the development of new small animal models with more selective methods of immunosuppression. this study outlines a new mouse model in which specific depletion of the cd4+ t-lymphocyte population was achieved by subcutaneous injection of g.k1 ... | 1994 | 7927769 |
| development and evaluation of a rapid and simple procedure for detection of pneumocystis carinii by pcr. | we report the development of a simplified pcr-based assay for the detection of pneumocystis carinii dna in clinical specimens. the adoption of a rapid dna extraction procedure and the introduction of a type of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for pcr product detection enabled this procedure to be carried out in a single working day in a clinical microbiology laboratory. the pcr assay was prospectively compared with an immunofluorescent-antibody (fa) staining method for the detection of p. carin ... | 1994 | 7929749 |
| relative potency of 10 drugs with anti-pneumocystis carinii activity in an animal model. | several drugs have been shown to have anti-pneumocystis carinii activity in clinical trials. because of the large number of patients required, no more than 3 drugs can be compared for efficacy in human studies. however, the experimental animal model for p. carinii pneumonitis is remarkably similar to the human disease and was used to compare 10 drugs for the relative potency against this infection. all drugs were compared at doses known to prevent the pneumonitis in > 80% of animals and at one-t ... | 1994 | 7930735 |
| adjunctive folinic acid with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients is associated with an increased risk of therapeutic failure and death. | ninety-two aids patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were randomized to receive folinic acid or matching placebo in conjunction with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in a prospective, double-blind trial. neither frequency of dose-limiting toxicity (26% vs. 37%; p = .4) nor time to occurrence (p = .7) was associated with folinic acid use. although incidence of neutropenia was lower in patients receiving folinic acid (23% vs. 47%; p = .03), time to occurrence of neutropenia did not diff ... | 1994 | 7930736 |
| phase ii trial of fludarabine phosphate and interferon alfa-2a in advanced mycosis fungoides/sézary syndrome. | this phase ii study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and toxicity of the addition of continuous low-dose interferon alfa-2a (ifn) to fludarabine in patients with advanced or refractory mycosis fungoides (mf) or the sézary syndrome (ss). | 1994 | 7931473 |
| natural history of hiv infection in filipino female commercial sex workers. | a prospective follow-up study of the progression of hiv infection, from seroconversion to onset of opportunistic infections (oi) indicative of immune deficiency and to death, was performed in a cohort of 54 hiv-1 antibody positive filipino female commercial sex workers (fcsw). the cumulative probability of having a cd4+ t cell count of < 200/mm3 and/or an oi indicative of severe immune deficiency was 52.9% within 5 years and 73.8% within 6 years after seroconversion. the cumulative probability o ... | 1994 | 7932083 |
| lower socioeconomic status and shorter survival following hiv infection. | we studied the association between socioeconomic status and survival in a prospective study of 364 hiv-infected homosexual men who were recruited during 1982-84. the participants were divided by annual income; those earning above canadian $10,000 (high-income; n = 274) and those below $10,000 (low-income; n = 90) at recruitment. the latter threshold closely approximated to the poverty level for this population. low income men were significantly younger than high income men but the groups were si ... | 1994 | 7934494 |
| [pneumocystis carinii: pathogen of opportunistic infections for 40 years. plasma cell interstitial pneumonia: the "plague" of premature infants and week infants]. | 1994 | 7935227 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis during pregnancy. | the frequency of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection among pregnant women is increasing. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most common opportunistic infection in hiv-infected patients, and prophylaxis is an important part of decreasing morbidity. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx), pentamidine, and dapsone, alone or in combination with pyrimethamine, are the most commonly used drugs for pcp prophylaxis in the nonpregnant hiv-infected population. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxaz ... | 1994 | 7937279 |
| [rapidly evolving pulmonary bullous degeneration in hiv-infected patients. description of 4 cases and review of the literature]. | cavitary lung lesions are common in intravenous drug-addicts (ivda) and in aids patients. four cases are reported of ivda patients with hiv positive serology who developed an initially thick-walled lesion, which grew rapidly and evolved into bullous lesions. the negative results in microbiological investigations for pneumocystis carinii, nocardia spp., staphylococci; the topographic superposition on a previous tuberculous lesion; a prolonged asymptomatic period; and a particularly rapid evolutio ... | 1994 | 7938824 |
| [thoracic imaging in aids]. | chest complications were the first known in aids; even, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was the initial warning light. at the present time lung complications remain the major cause of death in such patients. a better knowledge of these pathologies often allows to pass an acute episode and perhaps to prevent infectious pathologies, so, leading to the observation of extra-thoracic pathologies. preventive treatments and increasing survival time allow the appearance of some atypical aspects of pneumo ... | 1994 | 7939323 |
| cytomegalovirus infection rate among heart transplant patients in relation to anti-thymocyte immunoglobulin induction therapy. copenhagen heart transplant group. | during a 2-year period, 49 patients underwent heart transplantation at rigshospitalet, copenhagen. nine (18%) were females and the mean age for all patients was 44 years (range 14-56 years). immunosuppressive therapy included cyclosporin, azathioprine and steroids in all patients. 43 patients received in addition short-term (approx. 4 days) induction treatment with antithymocyte immunoglobulin (atg). 17 patients received atg fresenius, 2.5 mg/kg/day or atgam, 12.5 mg/kg/day, whereas the remainin ... | 1994 | 7939422 |
| severe opportunistic infections in aids patients with late-stage disease. | clinicians caring for patients who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) need to be aware of the wide variety of infectious diseases that can occur. although pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most common aids-defining infection, other opportunistic infections associated with advanced immunodeficiency can develop after an initial diagnosis. | 1994 | 7942097 |
| determinants of hiv disease progression among homosexual men registered in the tricontinental seroconverter study. | data on 403 homosexual/bisexual men with documented dates of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seroconversion were merged. all subjects originated from cohort studies that started between 1982 and 1984 in amsterdam, the netherlands; san francisco, california; sydney, australia; and vancouver, british columbia, canada. with respect to the four geographic locations, no statistically significant differences in progression time from hiv seroconversion to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) an ... | 1994 | 7942776 |
| hypogammaglobulinaemia associated with normal or increased igm (the hyper igm syndrome): a case series review. | the clinical and immunological aspects of 16 children with the syndrome of hypogammaglobulinaemia associated with normal or increased igm (the hyper igm syndrome) and their responses to treatment are reviewed. increased concentrations of igm, neutropenia, and recurrent infections could usually be controlled by antimicrobial and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment. together with the bacterial infections characteristic of hypogammaglobulinaemia, these patients often developed opportunistic infect ... | 1994 | 7944538 |