Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| effect of varying dietary ratios of alfalfa silage to corn silage on production and nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows. | twenty-eight (8 ruminally cannulated) lactating, multiparous holstein cows were blocked by dim and randomly assigned to 7 replicated 4 x 4 latin squares (28-d periods) to investigate the effects of different dietary ratios of alfalfa silage (as) to corn silage (cs) on production, n utilization, apparent digestibility, and ruminal metabolism. the 4 diets contained (dry matter basis): a) 51% as, 43% rolled high-moisture shelled corn (hmsc), and 3% solvent soybean meal (ssbm); b) 37% as, 13% cs, 39 ... | 2006 | 16960068 |
| effect of varying dietary ratios of alfalfa silage to corn silage on omasal flow and microbial protein synthesis in dairy cows. | eight ruminally cannulated multiparous holstein cows that were part of a larger production trial were used to study the effects of varying dietary ratios of alfalfa silage (as) to corn silage (cs) on omasal flow of nutrients and microbial protein. cows were blocked by dim and randomly assigned to 2 replicated 4 x 4 latin squares (28-d periods). diets fed contained (dry matter basis): a) 51% as, 43% rolled high-moisture shelled corn (hmsc), and 3% solvent soybean meal (ssbm); b) 37% as, 13% cs, 3 ... | 2006 | 16960069 |
| effects of alfalfa extract, anise, capsicum, and a mixture of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol on ruminal fermentation and protein degradation in beef heifers fed a high-concentrate diet. | four holstein heifers (360 +/- 22 and 450 +/- 28 kg of bw in exp. 1 and 2, respectively) fitted with ruminal trocars were used in 4 x 4 latin square designs to evaluate the effects on ruminal microbial fermentation of the following: exp. 1, no additive, alfalfa extract (30 g/d, aex), a mixture of cinnamaldehyde (0.18 g/d) and eugenol (0.09 g/d; cie1), and aex and cie1 in combination; and exp. 2, no additive, anise oil (2 g/d), capsicum oil (1 g/d), and a mixture of cinnamaldehyde (0.6 g/d) and e ... | 2006 | 16971582 |
| effects of cyanobacterial toxins and cyanobacterial cell-free crude extract on germination of alfalfa (medicago sativa) and induction of oxidative stress. | cyanobacterial toxins have adverse effects on both terrestrial and aquatic plants. microcystins are cyclic heptapeptides and an important group of cyanotoxins. when lake water contaminated with cyanobacterial blooms is used for spray irrigation, these toxins can come in contact with agricultural plants. during the exposure to these toxins, reactive oxygen species can form. these reactive oxygen species have a strong reactivity and are able to interact with other cellular compounds (lipids, prote ... | 2006 | 16986793 |
| alfalfa (medicago sativa l.). | a protocol for rapid, highly efficient transformation of alfalfa is described. leaf explants from growth chamber-grown plants of a highly regenerable genotype are surface-sterilized, the margins are removed, and explants are inoculated with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba4404 carrying the t-dna vector of interest. the explants and bacteria are cocultured for 7 to 8 d. bacteria are removed by rinsing explants in sterile distilled water and by culture on regeneration medium containing the ant ... | 2006 | 16988354 |
| rhizosphere microbial activity during phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soil. | to know microbial activity and diesel-removal efficiency influencing through plant roots, we examined the effect of the rhizosphere on phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soils by alfalfa (medicago sativa l.). pots were treated with and without diesel and allowed to stabilize for 7 weeks, at which time four experimental/control groups were prepared: (1) planted diesel-contaminated soil, (2) unplanted diesel-contaminated soil, (3) planted uncontaminated soil, and (4) unplanted uncontaminated ... | 2006 | 17000542 |
| sinorhizobium meliloti nifa mutant induces different gene expression profile from wild type in alfalfa nodules. | several studies have demonstrated that the rhizobium nifa gene is an activator of nitrogen fixation acting in nodule bacteria. to understand the effects of the sinorhizobium meliloti nifa gene on alfalfa, the cdna-aflp technique was employed to study the changes in gene expression in nifa mutant nodules. among the approximately 3,000 transcript-derived fragments, 37 had differential expression levels. these expression levels were subsequently confirmed by reverse northern blot and rt-polymerase ... | 2006 | 17001343 |
| antidermatophyte activity of medicago extracts and contained saponins and their structure-activity relationships. | saponin-rich extracts of medicago sativa l. have been shown to display antifungal activity against a range of common fungibut only a few individual saponins have been tested against dermatophytes. total saponins were separately obtained from roots and aerial parts of medicago sativa, m. murex, m. arabica and m. hybrida. nineteen saponins and three parent triterpenoids, were tested against three dermatophytic fungi microsporum gypseum, trichophyton interdigitale and t. tonsurans using mircowell p ... | 2006 | 17006971 |
| temporal habitat variability and the maintenance of sex in host populations of the pea aphid. | the evolutionary maintenance of sex, despite competition from asexual reproduction, has long intrigued the evolutionary biologists owing to its numerous apparent short-term costs. in aphids, winter climate is expected to determine the maintenance of sexual lineages in the high latitude zones owing to their exclusive ability to produce frost-resistant eggs. however, diverse reproductive modes may coexist at a local scale where climatic influence is counteracted by microgeographical factors. in th ... | 2006 | 17015368 |
| population differentiation and genetic variation in host choice among pea aphids from eight host plant genera. | habitat choice plays a critical role in the processes of host range evolution, specialization, and ecological speciation. pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum, populations from alfalfa and red clover in eastern north america are known to be genetically differentiated and show genetic preferences for the appropriate host plant. this species feeds on many more hosts, and here we report a study of the genetic variation in host plant preference within and between pea aphid populations collected from eight ... | 2006 | 17017058 |
| salt-tolerant rhizobia isolated from a tunisian oasis that are highly effective for symbiotic n2-fixation with phaseolus vulgaris constitute a novel biovar (bv. mediterranense) of sinorhizobium meliloti. | nodulation of common bean was explored in six oases in the south of tunisia. nineteen isolates were characterized by pcr-rflp of 16s rdna. three species of rhizobia were identified, rhizobium etli, rhizobium gallicum and sinorhizobium meliloti. the diversity of the symbiotic genes was then assessed by pcr-rflp of nodc and nifh genes. the majority of the symbiotic genotypes were conserved between oases and other soils of the north of the country. sinorhizobia isolated from bean were then compared ... | 2007 | 17019605 |
| mesorhizobium loti produces nodpq-dependent sulfated cell surface polysaccharides. | leguminous plants and bacteria from the family rhizobiaceae form a symbiotic relationship, which culminates in novel plant structures called root nodules. the indeterminate symbiosis that forms between sinorhizobium meliloti and alfalfa requires biosynthesis of nod factor, a beta-1,4-linked lipochitooligosaccharide that contains an essential 6-o-sulfate modification. s. meliloti also produces sulfated cell surface polysaccharides, such as lipopolysaccharide (lps). the physiological function of s ... | 2006 | 17028279 |
| slow-release urea and highly fermentable sugars in diets fed to lactating dairy cows. | this experiment was designed to test the inclusion of highly fermentable sugars (fs) in dairy rations and their interactions with a slow-release urea (su) product. the fs are a blend of liquid coproducts from the corn milling and cheese industries, and the su is calcium chloride urea. eight multiparous and 4 primiparous brown swiss cows (117 +/- 46 d in milk) were blocked by parity and utilized in a multiple latin square design. basal diets were formulated for 16.6% crude protein and 1.55 mcal/k ... | 2006 | 17033027 |
| hydroperoxide lyases (cyp74c and cyp74b) catalyze the homolytic isomerization of fatty acid hydroperoxides into hemiacetals. | the conversion of linoleic acid 9-hydroperoxide (9-hpod) by recombinant melon (cucumis melo l.) hydroperoxide lyase (hpl, cyp74c subfamily) was studied. short (5 s-1 min) incubations at 0 degrees c followed by rapid extraction and trimethylsilylation made it possible to trap a new unstable (t(1/2) <30 s) product, i.e. the hemiacetal (1'e,3'z)-9-hydroxy-9-(1',3'-nonadienyloxy)-nonanoic acid. identification was performed by gc-ms analysis and substantiated by the formation of trimethylsilyl 9-trim ... | 2006 | 17049304 |
| thermal history influences diapause development in the solitary bee megachile rotundata. | respiration rate, time to pupation and the expression patterns of selected genes were examined during the diapause to post-diapause transition in the alfalfa leafcutting bee, megachile rotundata held at constant 4 degrees c in winter storage. respiration quotients were at or below 0.7 from december to may and then increased to over 0.8 in june and july. the time required for prepupae to reach the pupal stage following transfer to 29 degrees c decreased from 23 days in december to 10 days in july ... | 2006 | 17049551 |
| sinorhizobium meliloti genes involved in tolerance to the antimicrobial peptide protamine. | the innate resistance of plants and animals to microbial infection is mediated in part by small cationic peptides with antimicrobial activity. we assessed the susceptibility of the alfalfa symbiont sinorhizobium meliloti to the model antimicrobial peptide protamine. twenty-one tn5-induced mutants showing increased sensitivity to protamine were isolated, and nine were further characterized in detail. these nine mutants carried distinct transposon insertions that affected a total of seven differen ... | 2006 | 17064369 |
| predator avoidance behavior in the pea aphid: costs, frequency, and population consequences. | induced prey defenses can be costly. these costs have the potential to reduce prey survival or reproduction and, therefore, prey population growth. i estimated the potential for predators to suppress populations of pea aphids (acyrthosiphon pisum) in alfalfa fields through the induction of pea aphid predator avoidance behavior. i quantified (1) the period of non-feeding activity that follows a disturbance event, (2) the effect of frequent disturbance on aphid reproduction, and (3) the frequency ... | 2007 | 17066305 |
| malic enzyme cofactor and domain requirements for symbiotic n2 fixation by sinorhizobium meliloti. | the nad(+)-dependent malic enzyme (dme) and the nadp(+)-dependent malic enzyme (tme) of sinorhizobium meliloti are representatives of a distinct class of malic enzymes that contain a 440-amino-acid n-terminal region homologous to other malic enzymes and a 330-amino-acid c-terminal region with similarity to phosphotransacetylase enzymes (pta). we have shown previously that dme mutants of s. meliloti fail to fix n(2) (fix(-)) in alfalfa root nodules, whereas tme mutants are unimpaired in their n(2 ... | 2007 | 17071765 |
| nitrogen- vs. phosphorus-based dairy manure applications to field crops: nitrate and phosphorus leaching and soil phosphorus accumulation. | management of animal manures to provide nutrients for crop growth has generally been based on crop n needs. however, because manures have a lower n/p ratio than most harvested crops, n-based manure management often oversupplies the crop-soil system with p, which can be lost into the environment and contribute to eutrophication of water bodies. we examined the effects of n- vs. p-based manure applications on n and p uptake by alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), corn (zea mays l.) for silage, and orchar ... | 2013 | 17071901 |
| multiple gene genealogical analyses reveal both common and distinct population genetic patterns among replicons in the nitrogen-fixing bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti. | sinorhizobium meliloti is a gram-negative alpha-proteobacterium that can form symbiotic relationships with alfalfa and fix atmospheric nitrogen. the complete genome of a laboratory strain, rm1021, was published in 2001, and the genome of this strain is arranged in three replicons: a chromosome of 3.65 million base pairs (mb), and two megaplasmids, psyma (1.35 mb) and psymb (1.68 mb). however, the potential difference in genetic variation among the three replicons in natural strains remains poorl ... | 2006 | 17074896 |
| rhizobium lusitanum sp. nov. a bacterium that nodulates phaseolus vulgaris. | the species phaseolus vulgaris is a promiscuous legume nodulated by several species of the family rhizobiaceae. during a study of rhizobia nodulating this legume in portugal, we isolated several strains that nodulate p. vulgaris effectively and also macroptilium atropurpureum and leucaena leucocephala, but they form ineffective nodules in medicago sativa. according to phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna gene sequence, the strains from this study belong to the genus rhizobium, with rhizobium rh ... | 2006 | 17082403 |
| tissue distribution, elimination, and metabolism of sodium [36cl]perchlorate in lactating goats. | perchlorate has contaminated water sources throughout the united states but particularly in the arid southwest, an area containing large numbers of people and few water sources. recent studies have demonstrated that perchlorate is present in alfalfa and that perchlorate is secreted into the milk of cows. studies in lactating cows have indicated that only a small portion of a perchlorate dose could be accounted for by elimination in milk, feces, or urine. it was hypothesized that the remainder of ... | 2006 | 17090130 |
| effect of chestnut tannin on fermentation quality, proteolysis, and protein rumen degradability of alfalfa silage. | two experiments were conducted on alfalfa to investigate the effects of the addition of commercial chestnut hydrolyzable tannin at ensiling on 1) silage fermentation quality in lab-scale silos and protein degradation in the rumen, and 2) silage fermentation quality and proteolysis in bale silages. wilted alfalfa was prepared with 4 tannin levels (0, 2, 4, and 6% on a dry matter (dm) basis; t0, t1, t2, t3, respectively) and ensiled in lab-scale silos. silages (33% dm) were analyzed for fermentati ... | 2006 | 17106105 |
| effects of rumen acid load from feed and forage particle size on ruminal ph and dry matter intake in the lactating dairy cow. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of level of concentrate acidogenic value (av) and forage particle size on ruminal ph and feed intake in lactating dairy cows. two isoenergetic (net energy for lactation = 1.5 +/- 0.01 mcal/kg) and isonitrogenous (crude protein = 17.4 +/- 0.1% dry matter) concentrates with either a low av or high av were formulated and fed in a total mixed ration with either coarsely or finely chopped corn silage and alfalfa haylage ad libitum. four rumen-fi ... | 2006 | 17106107 |
| batch fermentations on synthetic mixed sugar and starch medium with amylolytic lactic acid bacteria. | the green crop drying industry in denmark uses italian rye grass, clover, and alfalfa as raw materials for the production of green pellets. the green crop drying industry solves its energy economical problems by heating and pressing of the green crop before drying. the produced sidestream is called brown juice. brown juice was shown to be an excellent medium for lactic acid fermentation. the aim of this study was to investigate the utilisation of brown juice in the production of polylactic acid, ... | 2007 | 17109171 |
| burden and causes of foodborne disease in australia: annual report of the ozfoodnet network, 2005. | in 2005, ozfoodnet sites recorded 25,779 notifications of seven potentially foodborne diseases, which was 12.5 per cent higher than the mean for the previous five years. diseases with significant increases in 2005, when compared to historical reports include: shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli, shigellosis, haemolytic uraemic syndrome, salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis. the most significant increases were those due to salmonella (13.1%) and campylobacter (5.1%) because of the frequency of ... | 2006 | 17120483 |
| potential for phytoremediation of polychlorinated biphenyl-(pcb-)contaminated soil. | weathered soils contaminated with commercial-grade aroclor 1260 from three sites in canada were used to investigate the polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) phytoextraction potential of nine plant species (festuca arundinacea, glycine max, medicago sativa, phalaris arundinacea, lolium multiflorum, carex normalis, and three varieties of cucurbita pepo ssp. pepo) under controlled greenhouse conditions. the soils used varied in pcb concentration (90-4200 microg/g) and total organic content (0.06-2.02%). ... | 2006 | 17120525 |
| effects of a dietary aspergillus oryzae extract containing alpha-amylase activity on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing beef cattle. | three experiments were conducted to examine the effects of an aspergillus oryzae extract containing alpha-amylase activity on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing beef cattle. in exp. 1, 120 crossbred steers were used in a randomized complete block design to evaluate the effects of roughage source (alfalfa hay vs. cottonseed hulls) and supplemental alpha-amylase at 950 dextrinizing units (du)/kg of dm. significant roughage source x alpha-amylase interactions (p < 0.05) were obser ... | 2007 | 17121970 |
| immunological evaluation of sw-hsa conjugate on goats. | locoweeds cause significant livestock poisoning and economic loss all over the world. the purpose of this study was to investigate the immune effects of locoweed toxin, swainsonine (sw) and human serum albumin (hsa) conjugate (sw-hsa), on goats. twenty-four sannon goats were randomly separated into immune control group (eight goats), immune poisoning group i (six goats), immune poisoning group ii (six goats) and poisoning control group (four goats). immune control group, immune poisoning groups ... | 2007 | 17126535 |
| monoclonal c5-1 antibody produced in transgenic alfalfa plants exhibits a n-glycosylation that is homogenous and suitable for glyco-engineering into human-compatible structures. | structural analysis of the n-glycosylation of alfalfa proteins was investigated in order to evaluate the capacity of this plant to perform this biologically important post-translational modification. we show that, in alfalfa, n-linked glycans are processed into a large variety of mature oligosaccharides having core-xylose and core alpha(1,3)-fucose, as well as terminal lewis(a) epitopes. in contrast, expression of the c5-1 monoclonal antibody in alfalfa plants results in the production of plant- ... | 2003 | 17134403 |
| vulnerability assessment of new jersey's food supply to invasive species: the new jersey import project. | the united states' environment and economy have been severely impacted by unintentionally introduced biological organisms for the last 100 years. our ecosystems and biological reserves of conservation importance are regularly invaded by non-indigenous species. to help prevent future invaders from entering the ports, this project undertaken at the port of elizabeth proposed to: 1. catalog the different vegetable and fruit crops entering this country; 2. evaluate the potential risk to new jersey c ... | 2006 | 17145643 |
| fermentation quality and nutritive value of a total mixed ration silage containing coffee grounds at ten or twenty percent of dry matter. | six wethers were used in a replicated 3 x 3 latin square to study the fermentation quality and nutritive value of total mixed ration (tmr) silages that included wet coffee grounds (wcg). the tmr were prepared using a commercial compound feed, timothy hay, alfalfa hay, dried beet pulp, and a vitamin-mineral supplement in a ratio of 36.5:30:20:12:1.5, respectively, on a dm basis, with timothy hay and alfalfa hay being replaced by wcg at 0, 10, or 20%. all tmr silages, irrespective of wcg addition, ... | 2007 | 17145973 |
| optimized expression vector for ion channel studies in xenopus oocytes and mammalian cells using alfalfa mosaic virus. | plasmid vectors used for mammalian expression or for in vitro crna translation can differ substantially and are rarely cross-compatible. to make comparisons between mammalian and xenopus oocyte expression systems, it would be advantageous to use a single vector without the need for shuttle vectors or subcloning. we have designed such a vector, designated puniv for universal, with elements that will allow for in vitro or ex vivo expression in multiple cell types. we tested the expression of puniv ... | 2007 | 17146677 |
| spider dragline silk proteins in transgenic tobacco leaves: accumulation and field production. | spider dragline silk is a unique biomaterial and represents nature's strongest known fibre. as it is almost as strong as many commercial synthetic fibres, it is suitable for use in many industrial and medical applications. the prerequisite for such a widespread use is the cost-effective production in sufficient quantities for commercial fibre manufacturing. agricultural biotechnology and the production of recombinant dragline silk proteins in transgenic plants offer the potential for low-cost, l ... | 2004 | 17168889 |
| [composition diversity of lactic acid bacteria (lab) community al2 used for alfalfa silage]. | alfalfa is the most important forage grass that is difficult to ensile for good quality. using silage inoculants are the important way for preservation of alfalfa silage. through continuous restricted subcultivation, a lactic acid bacteria (lab) community al2 was selected from well-fermented alfalfa silage. plate isolation and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge), construction of 16s rdna clone library were used to identify the composition diversity of al2 community, with 7 strains det ... | 2006 | 17172026 |
| identification of novel sinorhizobium meliloti mutants compromised for oxidative stress protection and symbiosis. | employing a novel two-part screen, we identified sinorhizobium meliloti mutants that were both sensitive to hydrogen peroxide and symbiotically defective on the host plant medicago sativa. the mutations affect a wide variety of cellular processes and represent both novel and previously identified genes important in symbiosis. | 2007 | 17172326 |
| disruption of sita compromises sinorhizobium meliloti for manganese uptake required for protection against oxidative stress. | during the initial stages of symbiosis with the host plant medicago sativa, sinorhizobium meliloti must overcome an oxidative burst produced by the plant in order for proper symbiotic development to continue. while identifying mutants defective in symbiosis and oxidative stress defense, we isolated a mutant with a transposon insertion mutation of sita, which encodes the periplasmic binding protein of the putative iron/manganese abc transporter sitabcd. disruption of sita causes elevated sensitiv ... | 2007 | 17172335 |
| structural basis for dual functionality of isoflavonoid o-methyltransferases in the evolution of plant defense responses. | in leguminous plants such as pea (pisum sativum), alfalfa (medicago sativa), barrel medic (medicago truncatula), and chickpea (cicer arietinum), 4'-o-methylation of isoflavonoid natural products occurs early in the biosynthesis of defense chemicals known as phytoalexins. however, among these four species, only pea catalyzes 3-o-methylation that converts the pterocarpanoid isoflavonoid 6a-hydroxymaackiain to pisatin. in pea, pisatin is important for chemical resistance to the pathogenic fungus ne ... | 2006 | 17172354 |
| biodegradation of atrazine in transgenic plants expressing a modified bacterial atrazine chlorohydrolase (atza) gene. | atrazine is one of the most widely used herbicides in the usa. atrazine chlorohydrolase (atza), the first enzyme in a six-step pathway leading to the mineralization of atrazine in gram-negative soil bacteria, catalyses the hydrolytic dechlorination and detoxification of atrazine to hydroxyatrazine. in this study, we investigated the potential use of transgenic plants expressing atza to take up, dechlorinate and detoxify atrazine. alfalfa, arabidopsis thaliana and tobacco were transformed with a ... | 2005 | 17173634 |
| a proteasome-regulated glycogen synthase kinase-3 modulates disease response in plants. | glycogen synthase kinase-3 (gsk-3) is a key player in various important signaling pathways in animals. the activity of gsk-3 is known to be modulated by protein phosphorylation and differential complex formation. however, little information is available regarding the function and regulation of plant gsk-3/shaggy-like kinases (gsks). analysis of the in vivo kinase activity of msk1, a gsk from medicago sativa, revealed that msk1 is active in healthy plants and that msk1 activity is down-regulated ... | 2007 | 17179144 |
| effect of substitution of a soybean hull and grape seed meal mixture for traditional fiber sources on digestion and performance of growing rabbits and lactating does. | the aim of this work was to determine what concentration of a mixture of soybean hulls and defatted grape seed meal (shdg) could be included in diets that meet or exceed adl and particle size requirements for rabbits. four isonitrogenous and isofibrous pelleted diets were formulated, with similar adl concentration and particle size (18.3% cp, 42.6% ndf, 7.1% adl, and 34.9% of particles larger than 0.315 mm, on a dm basis). diets contained a constant ratio of soybean hulls:defatted grape seed mea ... | 2007 | 17179554 |
| technical note: a system for continuous recording of ruminal ph in cattle. | continuous recording of ruminal ph in cannulated cattle has been practiced to study rumen metabolism. however, most systems reported did not permit animal mobility during ph recording. therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a continuous rumen ph data acquisition system that permitted animal mobility during data acquisition. a further objective was to compare the ph readings obtained using the continuous recording system to readings obtained at the same time using spot sampling. th ... | 2007 | 17179558 |
| engineering of a sialic acid synthesis pathway in transgenic plants by expression of bacterial neu5ac-synthesizing enzymes. | plants are a low-cost and contamination-free factory for the production of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins. however, plant-made pharmaceuticals differ from their mammalian homologues by the structure of their n-linked glycans. for instance, most mammalian glycoproteins harbour terminal sialic acids that control their half-life in the bloodstream. the absence of the whole sialylation machinery in plants is of major concern as non-sialylated plant-made pharmaceuticals may not perform at their ... | 2007 | 17207253 |
| solid-state cultures of fusarium oxysporum transform aromatic components of olive-mill dry residue and reduce its phytotoxicity. | the present study mainly investigated the ability of solid-state cultures of the non-pathogenic fusarium oxysporum strain bafc 738 to transform aromatic components to reduce the phytotoxicity in olive-mill dry residue (dor), the waste from the two-phase manufacturing process. lignin, hemicellulose, fats and water-soluble extractives contents of dor colonized by the fungus for 20 weeks were reduced by 16%, 25%, 71% and 13%, respectively, while the cellulose content increased by 25%. in addition, ... | 2007 | 17207620 |
| sinorhizobium meliloti syra mediates the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in lipopolysaccharide sulfation and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis. | sinorhizobium meliloti is a gram-negative soil bacterium found either in free-living form or as a nitrogen-fixing endosymbiont of leguminous plants such as medicago sativa (alfalfa). s. meliloti synthesizes an unusual sulfate-modified form of lipopolysaccharide (lps). a recent study reported the identification of a gene, lpss, which encodes an lps sulfotransferase activity in s. meliloti. mutants bearing a disrupted version of lpss exhibit an altered symbiosis, in that they elicit more nodules t ... | 2007 | 17209018 |
| [diurnal dynamics of photosynthetic and transpiration rates of alfalfa under dry farming and their relationships with environmental factors]. | in this paper, the diurnal dynamics of photosynthetic rate (pn) and transpiration rate ( tr) of four years planted alfalfa under dry farming, as well as those of photosynthetic active radiation (par) , co2 concentration in field ( ca ) , relative humidity (rh) and air temperature ( ta) were measured, and the relationships between the diurnal dynamics of pn, tr and climatic factors were analyzed by correlation coefficient, path coefficient, and decision coefficient analyses. the results showed th ... | 2006 | 17209375 |
| elevated atmospheric co2 and strain of rhizobium alter freezing tolerance and cold-induced molecular changes in alfalfa (medicago sativa). | the objective of the study was to assess the impact of elevated co2 in interaction with rhizobial strains on freezing tolerance and cold-induced molecular changes in alfalfa. | 2007 | 17218341 |
| plant-microbe association for rhizoremediation of chloronitroaromatic pollutants with comamonas sp. strain cnb-1. | comamonas sp. strain cnb-1, isolated from activated sludge and having a strong ability to degrade 4-chloronitrobenzene (4cnb), was applied for rhizoremediation of 4cnb-polluted soil through association with alfalfa. confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that strain cnb-1 successfully colonized alfalfa roots. determination of strain cnb-1 populations by cultivation method and by quantitative competitive pcr technique targeting the chloronitrobenzene nitroreductase gene showed that the popul ... | 2007 | 17222144 |
| the sinorhizobium meliloti exor protein is required for the downregulation of lpss transcription and succinoglycan biosynthesis in response to divalent cations. | the sinorhizobium meliloti lpss gene encodes a sulfotransferase that modifies lipopolysaccharide. mutants lacking lpss display no defect in lipopolysaccharide sulfation when assayed under laboratory conditions, but exhibit an abnormal symbiosis with alfalfa. these results suggest that lpss is transcriptionally repressed under laboratory conditions, but upregulated during symbiosis. here, it is shown that lpss, as well as exo genes required for the biosynthesis of succinoglycan, are transcription ... | 2007 | 17233674 |
| milk from forage as affected by rumen degradable protein and corn grinding when feeding corn- and alfalfa silage-based diets. | to increase the production of milk from forage (mf), a previous experiment with alfalfa silage showed the importance of a complementary combination of concentrates and forages offered. when corn silage is fed with alfalfa, increasing the rumen degradable protein (rdp) content in the diet should allow a better utilization of forage energy. to evaluate this hypothesis, 8 multiparous holstein cows in early lactation were used in a replicated 4 x 4 latin square design with 3-wk periods. diets were f ... | 2007 | 17235159 |
| effects of essential oils on digestion, ruminal fermentation, rumen microbial populations, milk production, and milk composition in dairy cows fed alfalfa silage or corn silage. | four holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulas were used in a 4 x 4 latin square design (28-d periods) with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to investigate the effects of addition of a specific mixture of essential oil compounds (meo; 0 vs. 750 mg/d) and silage source [alfalfa silage (as) vs. corn silage (cs)] on digestion, ruminal fermentation, rumen microbial populations, milk production, and milk composition. total mixed rations containing either as or cs as the sole forage source ... | 2007 | 17235165 |
| the symbiosis regulator cbra modulates a complex regulatory network affecting the flagellar apparatus and cell envelope proteins. | sinorhizobium meliloti participates in a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with legume plant host species of the genera medicago, melilotus, and trigonella. we recently identified an s. meliloti two-component sensory histidine kinase, cbra, which is absolutely required to establish a successful symbiosis with medicago sativa (k. e. gibson, g. r. campbell, j. lloret, and g. c. walker, j. bacteriol. 188:4508-4521, 2006). in addition to having a symbiotic defect, the cbra::tn5 mutant also has free-living p ... | 2007 | 17237174 |
| combination of a urease inhibitor and a plant essential oil to control coliform bacteria, odour production and ammonia loss from cattle waste. | to evaluate urea hydrolysis, volatile fatty acid (vfa) production (odour) and coliforms in cattle waste slurries after a urease inhibitor n-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (nbpt) and a plant oil component (thymol) were added. | 2007 | 17241353 |
| independent action and contrasting phenotypes of resistance genes against spotted alfalfa aphid and bluegreen aphid in medicago truncatula. | host resistance to aphids is poorly understood. medicago truncatula, a model legume and cultivated pasture species, was used to elucidate defense against two aphid species, therioaphis trifolii f. maculata (spotted alfalfa aphid, saa) and acyrthosiphon kondoi (bluegreen aphid, bga). aphid performance and plant damage were compared between near-isogenic cultivars, mogul and borung, that differ in resistance to both aphids. analyses of aphid resistance in mogul x borung f2 plants and their progeny ... | 2007 | 17244058 |
| extended region of nodulation genes in rhizobium meliloti 1021. i. phenotypes of tn5 insertion mutants. | rhizobium meliloti nod(-) mutant wl131, a derivative of wild-type strain 102f51, was complemented by a clone bank of wild-type r. meliloti 1021 dna, and clone prmjt5 was recovered. transfer of prmjt5 conferred alfalfa nodulation on other rhizobium species, indicating a role in host range determination for prmjt5. mutagenesis of prmjt5 revealed several segments in which transposon insertion causes delay in nodulation, and/or marked reduction of the number of nodules formed on host alfalfa plants. ... | 1987 | 17246399 |
| resuscitation of viable but not culturable sinorhizobium meliloti 41 prp4-luc: effects of oxygen and host plant. | a plasmid-borne, firefly-derived, luciferase gene (luc) was inserted and stably inherited in sinorhizobium meliloti 41 as a reporter gene. the strain obtained, s. meliloti 41/prp4-luc, and its parental strain served as a model system for viable but not culturable (vbnc) resuscitation experiments in both in vitro and soil samples. incubation under oxygen (02) concentrations varying from 1% to atmospheric levels did not result in resuscitation. a demonstration of recovery was attained through expo ... | 2007 | 17253091 |
| a sinorhizobium meliloti mine mutant has an altered morphology and exhibits defects in legume symbiosis. | sinorhizobium meliloti differentiates from rod-shaped, free-living cells into pleomorphic, non-dividing, n(2)-fixing bacteroids within alfalfa root nodules. here, the role of the mincde genes in bacteroid differentiation and in free-living cell division is examined. disruption of the mine gene resulted in large, swollen and branched free-living cells, and in symbiosis a mine mutation resulted in a defect in nitrogen fixation with activity reduced by approximately 70 % compared to the wild-type. ... | 2007 | 17259609 |
| roles of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (phb) and glycogen in symbiosis of sinorhizobium meliloti with medicago sp. | poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (phb) and glycogen are major carbon storage compounds in sinorhizobium meliloti. the roles of phb and glycogen in rhizobia-legume symbiosis are not fully understood. glycogen synthase mutations were constructed by in-frame deletion (glga1) or insertion (glga2). these mutations were combined with a phbc mutation to make all combinations of double and triple mutants. phb was not detectable in any of the mutants containing the phbc mutation; glycogen was not detectable in any ... | 2007 | 17259610 |
| [community structure and its dynamics of predatory arthropod in jujube orchards intercropped with different herbage species]. | by using community structural characteristic indices and principal component analysis, this paper studied the community structure and its dynamics of predatory arthropod in the jujube orchards intercropped with astrugalus complanatus, trifolium repen, lotus comiculotus, and medicago sativa. the results showed that in all test jujube orchards, spider and predatory insects were the predominant components of the predatory arthropod community, and their relative abundances were 48.3% - 52.7% and 38. ... | 2006 | 17269332 |
| effects of feeding formate-treated alfalfa silage or red clover silage on the production of lactating dairy cows. | in trial 1, 15 holsteins were fed 3 total mixed rations (tmr) with 33% neutral detergent fiber in 3 x 3 latin squares (28-d periods). two tmr contained (dry matter basis): 40% control alfalfa silage (cas) or 40% ammonium tetraformate-treated alfalfa silage (tas), 20% corn silage (cs), 33% high-moisture shelled corn (hmsc), 6% solvent soybean meal (ssbm), and 18% crude protein (cp); the third tmr contained 54% red clover silage (rcs), 6% dried molasses, 33% hmsc, 6% ssbm, and 16.3% cp. silages di ... | 2007 | 17297112 |
| effects of feeding formate-treated alfalfa silage or red clover silage on omasal nutrient flow and microbial protein synthesis in lactating dairy cows. | eight ruminally cannulated holstein cows that were part of a larger lactation trial were blocked by days in milk and randomly assigned to replicated 4 x 4 latin squares to quantify effects of nonprotein n (npn) content of alfalfa silage (as) and red clover silage (rcs) on omasal nutrient flows. diets, fed as total mixed rations, contained 50% dry matter from control as (cas), ammonium tetraformate-treated as (tas), late maturity rcs (rcs1), or early maturity rcs (rcs2). silages differed in npn a ... | 2007 | 17297113 |
| kinetics of fatty acid biohydrogenation in vitro. | biohydrogenation (bh) of fatty acids (fa) from fresh alfalfa and alfalfa hay with varying levels of supplemental sucrose and media ph was evaluated in vitro. a multicompartmental model was then developed to estimate pool size and flux of vaccenic acid (va) during bh of fa in fresh alfalfa. to vary incubation ph, alfalfa samples were inoculated with rumen fluid in 2 media differing in molarity of the bicarbonate buffer. samples were incubated for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, and 12 h; ph was measured and ... | 2007 | 17297114 |
| use of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes to enhance in vitro fermentation of alfalfa hay and corn silage. | two in vitro experiments were performed to identify promising exogenous fibrolytic enzyme products (efe) and optimum dose rates (dr) for improving the degradation of alfalfa hay and corn silage. the relationship between enzymatic activity and fermentation responses was examined to identify optimum formulations. in experiment 1, 5 efe containing mainly endoglucanase and xylanase activities, with different ratios between the 2 activities, were assessed at a dr of 0.7, 1.4, and 2.1 mg/g of dm forag ... | 2007 | 17297117 |
| characterization of resistance to multiple aphid species (hemiptera: aphididae) in medicago truncatula. | aphids are phloem-feeding insects that damage many important crops throughout the world yet, compared to plant-pathogen interactions, little is known about the mechanisms by which plants become resistant to aphids. medicago truncatula (barrel medic) is widely considered as the pre-eminent model legume for genetic and biological research and in australia is an important pasture species. six cultivars of m. truncatula with varying levels of resistance to two pests of pasture and forage legumes, th ... | 2007 | 17298680 |
| identification and characterization of a nodh ortholog from the alfalfa-nodulating or191-like rhizobia. | nodulation of medicago sativa (alfalfa) is known to be restricted to sinorhizobium meliloti and a few other rhizobia that include the poorly characterized isolates related to rhizobium sp. strain or191. distinctive features of the symbiosis between alfalfa and s. meliloti are the marked specificity from the plant to the bacteria and the strict requirement for the presence of sulfated lipochitooligosaccharides (nod factors [nfs]) at its reducing end. here, we present evidence of the presence of a ... | 2007 | 17313165 |
| dissipation of 2,4-d in soils of the humid pampa region, argentina: a microcosm study. | phenoxy herbicides like 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) are widely used in agricultural practices. although its half life in soil is 7-14d, the herbicide itself and its first metabolite 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-dcp) could remain in the soil for longer periods, as a consequence of its intensive use. microcosms assays were conducted to study the influence of indigenous microflora and plants (alfalfa) on the dissipation of 2,4-d from soils of the humid pampa region, argentina, with previous h ... | 2007 | 17316752 |
| a plastid-localized glycogen synthase kinase 3 modulates stress tolerance and carbohydrate metabolism. | glycogen synthase kinase 3 (gsk-3) was originally identified as a regulator of glycogen synthesis in mammals. like starch in plants, glycogen is a polymer of glucose, and serves as an energy and carbon store. starch is the main carbohydrate store in plants. regulation of starch metabolism, in particular in response to environmental cues, is of primary importance for carbon and energy flow in plants but is still obscure. here, we provide evidence that msk4, a novel medicago sativa gsk-3-like kina ... | 2007 | 17319843 |
| sinorhizobium meliloti psymb carries genes necessary for arabinose transport and catabolism. | arabinose is a known component of plant cell walls and is found in the rhizosphere. in this work, a previously undeleted region of the megaplasmid psymb was identified as encoding genes necessary for arabinose catabolism, by tn5-b20 random mutagenesis and subsequent complementation. transcription of this region was measured by beta-galactosidase assays of tn5-b20 fusions, and shown to be strongly inducible by arabinose, and moderately so by galactose and seed exudate. accumulation of [(3)h]arabi ... | 2007 | 17322193 |
| mortality of captive giraffe (giraffa camelopardalis) associated with serous fat atrophy: a review of five cases at auckland zoo. | five giraffe (giraffa camelopardalis) died peracutely within an 8-yr period. the giraffe were maintained in an outside enclosure during the day and moved under shelter at night. all the deaths occurred in winter. all the dead giraffe had serous fat atrophy at postmortem. the giraffe were fed good quantities of browse, together with alfalfa hay and commercial supplements. retrospective analysis of the dietary ingredients showed that the diets were energy deficient. subsequent additional high-ener ... | 2005 | 17323573 |
| freezing and drying effects on potential plant contributions to phosphorus in runoff. | phosphorus (p) in runoff from landscapes can promote eutrophication of natural waters. soluble p released from plant material can contribute significant amounts of p to runoff particularly after plant freezing or drying. this study was conducted to evaluate p losses from alfalfa or grass after freezing or drying as potential contributors to runoff p. alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) and grass (principally, agropyron repens l.) plant samples were subjected to freezing and drying treatments to determi ... | 2013 | 17332257 |
| non-antibiotic, efficient selection for alfalfa genetic engineering. | a selectable marker gene (smg), usually conferring resistance to an antibiotic or herbicide, is generally introduced into the plant cells with the gene(s) for the trait of interest to allow only the cells that have integrated and express the foreign sequences to regenerate into a plant. the availability of several smgs for each plant species is useful for both basic and applied research to combine several genes of interest in the same plant. a selection system based on gabaculine (3-amino-2,3-di ... | 2007 | 17333020 |
| effects of diet quality on phenotypic flexibility of organ size and digestive function in mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus). | in the context of evolution and ecology, there is a trade-off between the benefits of processing food through a digestive system with specific phenotypic attributes and the cost of maintaining and carrying the digestive system. in this study, we tested the hypothesis that digestive modulations at several levels can match each other to meet the energy and nutrient demands of mongolian gerbils, a small granivorous rodent species, by acclimating them to a high-quality diet diluted with alfalfa powd ... | 2007 | 17333208 |
| immunological cell and serum metabolite response of 60-week-old commercial laying hens to an alfalfa meal molt diet. | the practice of induced molting involves the restriction of light, feed removal and optionally water for 5-14 days. however, there is growing concern regarding feed removal and animal welfare issues. with this in mind, alternative diets have been developed to produce similar molting effects as that of feed deprivation. alfalfa, which largely consists of insoluble fiber, can be used as a molting diet. in this study, heterophil and lymphocyte counts, serum chemistry, and organ weight parameters we ... | 2008 | 17336056 |
| quantitative analysis of the growth of salmonella stanley during alfalfa sprouting and evaluation of enterobacter aerogenes as its surrogate. | raw seed sprouts have been implicated in several food poisoning outbreaks in the last 10 years. few studies have included investigations of factors influencing the effectiveness of testing spent irrigation water, and in no studies to date has a nonpathogenic surrogate been identified as suitable for large-scale irrigation water testing trials. alfalfa seeds were inoculated with salmonella stanley or its presumptive surrogate (nalidixic acid-resistant enterobacter aerogenes) at three concentratio ... | 2007 | 17340864 |
| physiological response of glandular-haired alfalfa to potato leafhopper (hemiptera: cicadellidae) injury. | plant tolerance to herbivory is a key approach for managing pests. in alfalfa, medicago sativa, the potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae, is a major pest as a result of the cascade of plant responses to piercing-sucking injury. to identify tolerance to its injury based on alfalfa physiology, experiments were conducted in the field and greenhouse. in our comparison of the response of field-grown alfalfa cultivars to standardized leafhopper densities, net photosynthesis and transpiration rates of 'ge ... | 2007 | 17349134 |
| genome mapping of white clover (trifolium repens l.) and comparative analysis within the trifolieae using cross-species ssr markers. | allotetraploid white clover (trifolium repens l.), a cool-season perennial legume used extensively as forage for livestock, is an important target for marker-assisted breeding. a genetic linkage map of white clover was constructed using simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers based on sequences from several trifolieae species, including white clover, red clover (t. pratense l.), medicago truncatula (gaertn.) and soybean (glycine max l.). an f(1) population consisting of 179 individuals, from a cros ... | 2007 | 17356868 |
| responses to dietary starch or sucrose on protein and glucose kinetics in goats fed a high-concentrate diet. | responses of whole body protein synthesis (wbps) and glucose irreversible loss rate (ilr) were compared between dietary starch and sucrose in four male goats. diets were fed at 1.2 times maintenance requirements of me and cp with 30% of the me as starch, starch plus sucrose or sucrose, twice daily. the diets consisted of 33, 32, 11 and 24% of alfalfa hay, corn, soybean meal and the carbohydrates, respectively. the wbps and glucose ilr during 5-7 h after feeding were determined by an isotope dilu ... | 2007 | 17361946 |
| effect of direct-fed microbials on performance, diet digestibility, and rumen characteristics of holstein dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding direct-fed microbial (dfm) products containing lactobacillus acidophilus and propionibacteria freudenreichii on the performance, nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of holstein dairy cows in midlactation. experiments were conducted from february to may 2003. cows were fed 1 of 3 dietary treatments: 1) 1 x 10(9) colony-forming units (cfu)/d of live l. acidophilus strain la747 and 2 x 10(9) cfu/d of live p. freudenreichi ... | 2007 | 17369221 |
| effects of different protein supplements on milk production and nutrient utilization in lactating dairy cows. | sixteen (8 ruminally cannulated) multiparous and 8 primiparous lactating holstein cows were used in 6 replicated 4 x 4 latin squares to test the effects of feeding supplemental protein as urea, solvent soybean meal (ssbm), cottonseed meal (csm), or canola meal (cm) on milk production, nutrient utilization, and ruminal metabolism. all diets contained (% of dm) 21% alfalfa silage and 35% corn silage plus 1) 2% urea plus 41% high-moisture shelled corn (hmsc), 2) 12% ssbm plus 31% hmsc, 3) 14% csm p ... | 2007 | 17369223 |
| effects of different protein supplements on omasal nutrient flow and microbial protein synthesis in lactating dairy cows. | eight ruminally cannulated holstein cows that were part of a larger lactation trial were used in 2 replicated 4 x 4 latin squares to quantify effects of supplementing protein as urea, solvent soybean meal (ssbm), cottonseed meal (csm), or canola meal (cm) on omasal nutrient flows and microbial protein synthesis. all diets contained (% of dry matter) 21% alfalfa silage and 35% corn silage plus 1) 2% urea plus 41% high-moisture shelled corn (hmsc), 2) 12% ssbm plus 31% hmsc, 3) 14% csm plus 29% hm ... | 2007 | 17369224 |
| processing cereal straws by steam explosion in a pilot plant to enhance digestibility in ruminants. | wheat, barley and oat straws were treated by steam explosion (se) and then washed with 50g/l naoh solution. the se treatment was optimized at batch scale on the basis of carbohydrate recovery. stocks of fodder (300kg) were produced at 198 degrees c for 2.5min by a continuous reactor and used for in vivo digestibility tests carried out on sheep. the flow-sheet and the mass balances were obtained for the entire process. for the three straws, the water consumption has been 7.3kg/kg of straw. to del ... | 2008 | 17382541 |
| identification and introduction of some iran pollinator bees of colletidae, halictidae, and megachilidae (hym: apoidea). | insufficient pollination results in less yield and low quality of crops. many vegetables depend on the cross pollination to produce valuable seeds or fruits. most flowering plants, fruit and seed formation are highly dependent on the activity of pollinator bees and in some crop such as alfalfa no seeds will form in the absence of bees. the most important crops of iran from stone fruits (peach, almond, plum, cherry and apricot), pome fruits (apple, pear and quince), alfalfa, clover, sunflower, et ... | 2006 | 17385532 |
| population genetic structure of sinorhizobium meliloti and s. medicae isolated from nodules of medicago spp. in mexico. | we studied the genetic structure of 176 bacterial isolates from nodules of medicago sativa, m. lupulina and m. polymorpha in fifteen sites distributed in three localities in mexico. the strains were characterized by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, plasmid profiles, pcr restriction fragment length polymorphism of 16s rrna genes and of the intergenic spacer between 16s and 23s rrna genes, and partial sequences of glnii, reca and nodb. most of the strains were classified as sinorhizobium melilot ... | 2007 | 17386032 |
| solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry integrated with chemometrics for detection of salmonella typhimurium contamination in a packaged fresh vegetable. | a rapid method for detection of salmonella typhimurium contamination in packaged alfalfa sprouts using solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (spme/gc/ms) integrated with chemometrics was investigated. alfalfa sprouts were inoculated with s. typhimurium, packed into commercial ldpe bags and stored at 10+2 degrees c for 0, 1, 2 and 3 days. uninoculated sprouts were used as control samples. a spme device was used to collect the volatiles from the headspace above the sampl ... | 2007 | 17386426 |
| dicot and monocot plants differ in retinoblastoma-related protein subfamilies. | the present study supports the view that the retinoblastoma functions are shared by two distinct retinoblastoma-related (rbr) protein subfamilies in the monocot cereal species, whereas dicot plants have only a single rbr protein. genes encoding rbr proteins were identified and characterized in alfalfa (medicago sativa), rice (oryza sativa), and wheat (triticum aestivum). the alfalfa msrbr gene encodes a new member of the dicot rbr proteins (subfamily a). a comparison was made of two rice genes, ... | 2007 | 17389586 |
| tillage and residue burning affects weed populations and seed banks. | an integrated weed management approach requires alternative management practices to herbicide use such as tillage, crop rotations and cultural controls to reduce soil weed seed banks. the objective of this study was to examine the value of different tillage practices and stubble burning to exhaust the seed bank of common weeds from the northern grain region of australia. five tillage and burning treatments were incorporated in a field experiment, at armidale (30 degrees 30's, 151 degrees 40'e), ... | 2006 | 17390813 |
| mycotoxin producing fusarium species associated with plant disease on potato, wheat, corn and animal diseases in northwest iran. | there were some plant diseases on potato, wheat, corn, bean and animal diseases such as feed refusal, weight loss, death of cattle and sheep as well as chicken mortality in northwest iran. infected plants were collected and cultured in pda as common medium and peptone pcnb agar (ppa) as selective medium for fusarium species after surface sterilization with sodium hypochlorite. several fusarium species were isolated from samples counting potato tubers, wheat, corn, plant residues and animal feeds ... | 2006 | 17390876 |
| occurrence of viruses infecting pea in iran. | a survey was conducted to determine the incidence of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv), bean yellow mosaic virus (bymv), broad bean wilt virus-1 (bbwv), pea leafroll virus (plrv), pea enation mosaic virus (pemv), pea seed borne mosaic virus (psbmv), potato virus x(pvx), tomato mosaic virus (tomv), tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) on pea (pisum sativum) in iran. a total of 1276 random and 684 symptomatic pea samples were collected during the spring and summer of 2002-2004 in tehran province of iran, whe ... | 2006 | 17390891 |
| rhizobium cellulosilyticum sp. nov., isolated from sawdust of populus alba. | during a study of polysaccharide-hydrolysing bacteria present in different plant sources, two strains were isolated from pulverized decaying wood of populus alba and classified in the genus rhizobium on basis of their almost complete 16s rrna gene sequences. their closest phylogenetic relatives were rhizobium galegae usda 4128(t) and rhizobium huautlense s02(t), with 98.2 and 98.1 % 16s rrna gene sequence similarity, respectively. reca and atpd sequence analysis showed that these species have le ... | 2007 | 17392217 |
| alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein bridges rna and rna-dependent rna polymerase in vitro. | alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) rna replication requires the viral coat protein (cp). amv cp is an integral component of the viral replicase; moreover, it binds to the viral rna 3'-termini and induces the formation of multiple new base pairs that organize the rna conformation. the results described here suggest that amv coat protein binding defines template selection by organizing the 3'-terminal rna conformation and by positioning the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) at the initiation site for mi ... | 2007 | 17400272 |
| daily dry matter intake to sustain body weight of mature, nonlactating, nonpregnant cows. | to quantify the relationship between dm consumption, the ability to sustain bw per unit of dmi (bw stasis), and days to reach bw equilibrium among diverse cattle breeds, weekly individual cow bw and dmi data were recorded for mature, nonpregnant, and nonlactating cows sampled from angus, braunvieh, charolais, hereford, gelbvieh, limousin, pinzgauer, red poll, and simmental breeds. within each breed, cows were assigned to receive 1 of 4 daily dm allowances (56, 76, 93, or 111 g.bw(-0.75, kg)) of ... | 2007 | 17400974 |
| amelioration of alkali soil using flue gas desulfurization byproducts: productivity and environmental quality. | in this study, flue gas desulfurization (fgd) byproducts are used to ameliorate alkali soil. the average application rates for soils with low exchangeable sodium percentage (esp), mid esp, and high esp are 20.9, 30.6, and 59.3 mg ha(-1), respectively. the experimental results obtained for 3 consecutive years reveal that the emergence ratios and yields of the crops were 1.1-7.6 times and 1.1-13.9 times those of the untreated control, respectively. the concentrations of cr, pb, cd, as, and hg in t ... | 2008 | 17412469 |
| us courts thwart gm alfalfa and turf grass. | 2007 | 17420729 | |
| antiviral activity of oxidized polyamines. | polyamines, oxidized by serum amine oxidase, yield aminoaldehydes and hydrogen peroxide. acrolein may be formed from the aminoaldehydes by a spontaneous beta-elimination process. these oxidation products "oxidized polyamines" inhibit bacterial growth and exhibit anticancer activity. the antimicrobial activity of oxidized polyamines is not limited to bacteria; and the inactivation of bacterial viruses, plant viruses and animal viruses, was also reported. bacteriophages of the t-odd series are per ... | 2007 | 17429570 |
| effects of chop length of alfalfa and corn silage on milk production and rumen fermentation of dairy cows. | effects of chop length (shorter = 10 mm or longer = 19 mm) of alfalfa silage and corn silage were determined in 16 midlactation holstein cows using a 4 x 4 latin square design with a 2 x 2 arrangement of treatments. experimental periods were 21 d long and consisted of 14 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling. cows received total mixed ration containing (dry matter basis) 44.0% barley grain-based energy supplement, 12.6% protein supplement, and 21.7% longer chop or shorter chop alfalfa silage and 2 ... | 2007 | 17430939 |
| estimation of the proportion of feed protein digested in the small intestine of cattle consuming wet corn gluten feed. | the objectives of this study were to expand the database and determine the intestinal digestibility of rumen undegradable protein (drup) of common dairy feeds and to determine the effects of feeding 37.9% wet corn gluten feed on these estimates. two ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers were assigned randomly to a crossover design with 4-wk periods. the mobile bag technique was used to determine rumen undegradable protein (rup), drup, total tract digestible protein, and total tract digestib ... | 2007 | 17430941 |
| control of gastrointestinal nematodes with copper oxide wire particles in a flock of lactating polypay ewes and offspring in iowa, usa. | copper oxide wire particles (cowp) have been used to reduce infection of haemonchus contortus in hair breed lambs in southeastern usa without signs of copper toxicity. however, copper sensitivity among breeds and regions varies. the objective was to determine the effectiveness and safety of cowp in lactating polypay ewes and their offspring grazing alfalfa/bluegrass pasture in a rotational grazing system. mature polypay ewes were administered 0, 0.5, 1, or 2 g (n=8 or 9/dose) cowp approximately ... | 2007 | 17433548 |
| comparison of in vitro fermentation and molecular microbial profiles of high-fiber feed substrates incubated with chicken cecal inocula. | high fiber and nonstarch polysaccharide-based poultry diets have received more interest recently for retaining or promoting beneficial gastrointestinal microbial populations. the objective of this study was to investigate and compare the in vitro potential fermentability of high-fiber feed substrates (hffs) by laying hen cecal microflora. feed sources examined included soybean meal, soybean hull, beet pulp, wheat middlings, ground sorghum, cottonseed meal, 100% alfalfa meal, 90% alfalfa + 10% co ... | 2007 | 17435012 |
| alfalfa living mulch advances biological control of soybean aphid. | despite evidence for biological control in north america, outbreaks of the invasive soybean aphid, aphis glycines matsumura (hemiptera: aphididae), continue to occur on soybean (glycine max l. merr.). our objectives were to determine whether natural enemies delay aphid establishment and limit subsequent population growth and whether biological control can be improved by altering the within-field habitat. we hypothesized that a living mulch would increase the abundance of the aphidophagous commun ... | 2007 | 17445377 |
| influence of crop residues on trifluralin mineralization in a silty clay loam soil. | trifluralin is typically applied onto crop residues (trash, stubble) at the soil surface, or onto the bare soil surface after the incorporation of crop residues into the soil. the objective of this study was to quantify the effect of the type and amount of crop residues in soil on trifluralin mineralization in a wellwood silty clay loam soil. leaves and stubble of potato (solanum tuberosum) (p); canola (brassica napus) (c), wheat (triticum aestivum) (w), oats (avena sativa), (o), and alfalfa (me ... | 2015 | 17454379 |