Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| cell penetrating peptide inhibitors of nuclear factor-kappa b. | the nuclear factor kappa b (nf-kappab) transcription factors are activated by a range of stimuli including pro-inflammatory cytokines. active nf-kappab regulates the expression of genes involved in inflammation and cell survival and aberrant nf-kappab activity plays pathological roles in certain types of cancer and diseases characterized by chronic inflammation. nf-kappab signaling is an attractive target for the development of novel anti-inflammatory or anti-cancer drugs and we discuss here how ... | 2008 | 18668204 |
| genetic requirement for pneumococcal ear infection. | ear infection or otitis media (om) accounts for most bacterial respiratory infections in children in both developed and developing nations. streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypeable haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis are the major om pathogens. however, little is known about the genetic basis of bacterial om largely due to practical difficulties in conducting research in ear infection models and genetically manipulating clinical isolates. here, we report the first genome-scale in vivo ... | 2007 | 18670623 |
| moraxella catarrhalis binding to host cellular receptors is mediated by sequence-specific determinants not conserved among all uspa1 protein variants. | the moraxella catarrhalis ubiquitous surface proteins (uspas) are autotransporter molecules reported to interact with a variety of different host proteins and to affect processes ranging from serum resistance to cellular adhesion. the role of uspa1 as an adhesin has been confirmed with a number of different human cell types and is mediated by binding to eukaryotic proteins including carcinoembryonic antigen-related cellular adhesion molecules (ceacams), fibronectin, and laminin. a distinct diffe ... | 2008 | 18678656 |
| two-partner secretion systems of neisseria meningitidis associated with invasive clonal complexes. | the two-partner secretion (tps) pathway is widespread among gram-negative bacteria and facilitates the secretion of very large and often virulence-related proteins. tps systems consist of a secreted tpsa protein and a tpsb protein involved in tpsa transport across the outer membrane. sequenced neisseria meningitidis genomes contain up to five tpsa- and two tpsb-encoding genes. here, we investigated the distribution of tps-related open reading frames in a collection of disease isolates. three dis ... | 2008 | 18678657 |
| modular arrangement of allelic variants explains the divergence in moraxella catarrhalis uspa protein function. | ubiquitous surface protein a molecules (uspas) of moraxella catarrhalis are large, nonfimbrial, autotransporter proteins that can be visualized as a "fuzzy" layer on the bacterial surface by transmission electron microscopy. previous studies attributed a wide array of functions and binding activities to the closely related uspa1, uspa2, and/or uspa2h protein, yet the molecular and phylogenetic relationships among these activities remain largely unexplored. to address this issue, we determined th ... | 2008 | 18678659 |
| molecular detection of multiple emerging pathogens in sputa from cystic fibrosis patients. | there is strong evidence that culture-based methods detect only a small proportion of bacteria present in the respiratory tracts of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. | 2008 | 18682840 |
| evaluation of the xpert methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) assay using the genexpert real-time pcr platform for rapid detection of mrsa from screening specimens. | the need for rapid methods to accurately detect methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is widely acknowledged, and a number of molecular assays are commercially available. this study evaluated the xpert mrsa assay, which is run on the genexpert real-time pcr platform (cepheid) for use in a clinical laboratory. the following parameters were investigated: (i) the limits of detection (lods) for four mrsa strains; (ii) the ability to detect isolates of mrsa from a collection representati ... | 2008 | 18685003 |
| structure of the head of the bartonella adhesin bada. | trimeric autotransporter adhesins (taas) are a major class of proteins by which pathogenic proteobacteria adhere to their hosts. prominent examples include yersinia yada, haemophilus hia and hsf, moraxella uspa1 and a2, and neisseria nada. taas also occur in symbiotic and environmental species and presumably represent a general solution to the problem of adhesion in proteobacteria. the general structure of taas follows a head-stalk-anchor architecture, where the heads are the primary mediators o ... | 2008 | 18688279 |
| acute otitis media in children with tympanostomy tubes. | to review evidence regarding antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media in children with tympanostomy tubes and to discuss antibiotic resistance and ototoxicity. | 2008 | 18697973 |
| hospital acquired pneumonia with high-risk bacteria is associated with increased pulmonary matrix metalloproteinase activity. | neutrophil products like matrix metalloproteinases (mmp), involved in bacterial defence mechanisms, possibly induce lung damage and are elevated locally during hospital- acquired pneumonia (hap). in hap the virulence of bacterial species is known to be different. the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of high-risk bacteria like s. aureus and pseudomonas species on pulmonary mmp concentration in human pneumonia. | 2008 | 18700005 |
| the first nationwide surveillance of bacterial respiratory pathogens conducted by the japanese society of chemotherapy. part 1: a general view of antibacterial susceptibility. | the japanese society of chemotherapy (jsc) conducted the first nationwide surveillance of bacterial respiratory pathogens during the period from january to august 2006. with the cooperation of 32 medical institutions throughout japan, a total of 924 strains belonging to seven clinically relevant bacterial species were collected from adult patients with well-diagnosed respiratory tract infections (rtis). antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the 887 evaluable strains (205 staphylococcus aureus, ... | 2008 | 18709531 |
| predominant role of bacterial pneumonia as a cause of death in pandemic influenza: implications for pandemic influenza preparedness. | despite the availability of published data on 4 pandemics that have occurred over the past 120 years, there is little modern information on the causes of death associated with influenza pandemics. | 2008 | 18710327 |
| genomic diversity within the enterobacter cloacae complex. | isolates of the enterobacter cloacae complex have been increasingly isolated as nosocomial pathogens, but phenotypic identification of the e. cloacae complex is unreliable and irreproducible. identification of species based on currently available genotyping tools is already superior to phenotypic identification, but the taxonomy of isolates belonging to this complex is cumbersome. | 2008 | 18716657 |
| the guinea pig as a model of infectious diseases. | the words 'guinea pig' are synonymous with scientific experimentation, but much less is known about this species than many other laboratory animals. this animal model has been used for approximately 200 y and was the first to be used in the study of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and diphtheria. today the guinea pig is used as a model for a number of infectious bacterial diseases, including pulmonary, sexually transmitted, ocular and aural, gastrointestinal, and other infections that t ... | 2008 | 18724774 |
| absent otoacoustic emissions predict otitis media in young aboriginal children: a birth cohort study in aboriginal and non-aboriginal children in an arid zone of western australia. | otitis media (om) is the most common paediatric illness for which antibiotics are prescribed. in australian aboriginal children om is frequently asymptomatic and starts at a younger age, is more common and more likely to result in hearing loss than in non-aboriginal children. absent transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (teoaes) may predict subsequent risk of om. | 2008 | 18755038 |
| degradation of uniquely glycosylated secretory immunoglobulin a in tears from patients with pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. | to investigate the integrity of secretory (s)-iga in tear fluid during bacterial keratitis and to evaluate the significance of specific pseudomonas aeruginosa extracellular proteases in the observed degradation of s-iga. | 2008 | 18757515 |
| shea/apic guideline: infection prevention and control in the long-term care facility, july 2008. | 2008 | 18767983 | |
| analysis of mixed sequencing chromatograms and its application in direct 16s rrna gene sequencing of polymicrobial samples. | investigation of clinical samples by direct 16s rrna gene sequencing provides the possibility to detect nonviable bacteria and bacteria with special growth requirements. this approach has been particularly valuable for the diagnosis of patients who have received antibiotics prior to sample collection. in specimens containing more than one bacterium, direct sequencing gives mixed chromatograms that complicate further interpretation. we designed an algorithm able to analyze these ambiguous chromat ... | 2008 | 18768654 |
| yersinia enterocolitica serum resistance proteins yada and ail bind the complement regulator c4b-binding protein. | many pathogens are equipped with factors providing resistance against the bactericidal action of complement. yersinia enterocolitica, a gram-negative enteric pathogen with invasive properties, efficiently resists the deleterious action of human complement. the major y. enterocolitica serum resistance determinants include outer membrane proteins yada and ail. lipopolysaccharide (lps) o-antigen (o-ag) and outer core (oc) do not contribute directly to complement resistance. the aim of this study wa ... | 2008 | 18769718 |
| plastic polymers for efficient dna microarray hybridization: application to microbiological diagnostics. | fabrication of microarray devices using traditional glass slides is not easily adaptable to integration into microfluidic systems. there is thus a need for the development of polymeric materials showing a high hybridization signal-to-background ratio, enabling sensitive detection of microbial pathogens. we have developed such plastic supports suitable for highly sensitive dna microarray hybridizations. the proof of concept of this microarray technology was done through the detection of four huma ... | 2008 | 18784318 |
| shea/apic guideline: infection prevention and control in the long-term care facility. | 2008 | 18786461 | |
| rhinovirus disrupts the barrier function of polarized airway epithelial cells. | secondary bacterial infection following rhinovirus (rv) infection has been recognized in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | 2008 | 18787220 |
| nosocomial transmission clusters and risk factors in moraxella catarrhalis. | we report an objective examination of nosocomial transmission events derived from long-term (10-year) data from a single medical centre. cluster analysis, based on the temporal proximity of genetically identical isolates of the respiratory pathogen moraxella catarrhalis, identified 40 transmission events involving 33 of the 52 genotypes represented by multiple isolates. there was no evidence of highly transmissible or outbreak-prone genotypes. although most clusters were small (mean size 3.6 iso ... | 2009 | 18789178 |
| clinical studies of garenoxacin. | garenoxacin mesylate hydrate (grn) is a novel oral des-fluoro(6) quinolone with potent antimicrobial activity against common respiratory pathogens, including resistant strains. it has favourable pharmacokinetic profiles for maximum plasma concentration (cmax) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (auc), with good penetration into sputum and otorhinolaryngological tissues. in clinical studies, the efficacy of grn ranged from 92% to 96% in patients with bacterial pneumonia, mycoplasma ... | 2008 | 18790608 |
| diminished icam-1 expression and impaired pulmonary clearance of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae in a mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/emphysema. | the airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) are continually colonized with bacterial opportunists like nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), and a wealth of evidence indicates that changes in bacterial populations within the lung can influence the severity of copd. in this study, we used a murine model for copd/emphysema to test the hypothesis that copd affects pulmonary clearance. mice were treated with a pulmonary bolus of elastase, and as reported previously ... | 2008 | 18794286 |
| identification of two late acyltransferase genes responsible for lipid a biosynthesis in moraxella catarrhalis. | lipid a is a biological component of the lipo-oligosaccharide of a human pathogen, moraxella catarrhalis. no other acyltransferases except for udp-glcnac acyltransferase, responsible for lipid a biosynthesis in m. catarrhalis, have been identified. by bioinformatics, two late acyltransferase genes, lpxx and lpxl, responsible for lipid a biosynthesis were identified, and knockout mutants of each gene in m. catarrhalis strain o35e were constructed and named o35elpxx and o35elpxl. structural analys ... | 2008 | 18795947 |
| origin, spread and demography of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. | the evolutionary timing and spread of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc), one of the most successful groups of bacterial pathogens, remains largely unknown. here, using mycobacterial tandem repeat sequences as genetic markers, we show that the mtbc consists of two independent clades, one composed exclusively of m. tuberculosis lineages from humans and the other composed of both animal and human isolates. the latter also likely derived from a human pathogenic lineage, supporting the hy ... | 2008 | 18802459 |
| [pk/pd breakpoints and clinical/bacteriological effects of cefcapene pivoxil fine granules for children at free drug concentrations in pediatric patients with respiratory infection]. | a post-marketing clinical study was previously conducted in pediatric patients with respiratory infection to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of cefcapene pivoxil (cfpn-pi) fine granules for children. based on the results from this study, we evaluated pk/pd breakpoints and clinical/bacteriological effects of cfpn-pi at free drug concentrations in pediatric patients with respiratory infection to determine an effective and safe dosage regimen of cfpn-pi. the following results wer ... | 2008 | 18814800 |
| the british society for antimicrobial chemotherapy resistance surveillance project: a successful collaborative model. | the british society for antimicrobial chemotherapy (bsac) resistance surveillance project was initiated in light of the need for uk-wide surveillance of antibacterial resistance in key clinical pathogens. the project comprises two defined-protocol programmes that cover a range of important pathogens and antibacterials related to community-acquired respiratory tract infection and bloodstream infection, respectively. the respiratory programme has reported quantitative susceptibility data for strep ... | 2008 | 18819978 |
| non-susceptibility trends among haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis from community-acquired respiratory tract infections in the uk and ireland, 1999-2007. | to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis causing community-acquired respiratory tract infections in the uk and ireland from 1999/2000 to 2006/07. | 2008 | 18819984 |
| identification of a repressor of a truncated denitrification pathway in moraxella catarrhalis. | growth of moraxella catarrhalis in a biofilm resulted in marked upregulation of two open reading frames (orfs), ania and norb, predicted to encode a nitrite reductase and a nitric oxide reductase, respectively (w. wang, l. reitzer, d. a. rasko, m. m. pearson, r. j. blick, c. laurence, and e. j. hansen, infect. immun. 75:4959-4971, 2007). an orf designated nsrr, which was located between ania and norb, was shown to encode a predicted transcriptional regulator. inactivation of nsrr resulted in inc ... | 2008 | 18820017 |
| microbial interactions during upper respiratory tract infections. | streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and staphylococcus aureus often colonize the nasopharynx. children are susceptible to bacterial infections during or soon after upper respiratory tract infection (uri). we describe colonization with these 4 bacteria species alone or in combination during uri. data were from a prospective cohort of healthy children 6 to 36 months of age followed up for 1 year. analyses of 968 swabs from 212 children indicated that s. pneumon ... | 2008 | 18826823 |
| binding of complement inhibitor c4b-binding protein contributes to serum resistance of porphyromonas gingivalis. | the periodontal pathogen porphyromonas gingivalis is highly resistant to the bactericidal activity of human complement, which is present in the gingival crevicular fluid at 70% of serum concentration. all thirteen clinical and laboratory p. gingivalis strains tested were able to capture the human complement inhibitor c4b-binding protein (c4bp), which may contribute to their serum resistance. accordingly, in serum deficient of c4bp, it was found that significantly more terminal complement compone ... | 2008 | 18832711 |
| susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates from hospitalised patients with respiratory tract infections (moxiaktiv study). | the objective of this study was to determine: (i) the prevalence of resistance in current clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and klebsiella pneumoniae; (ii) the prevalence of production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) and methicillin resistance in s. aureus; and (iii) regional differences in the prevalence of esbl production and clonality of k. pneumoniae isolates. pathogens causing respiratory tract in ... | 2009 | 18835763 |
| ceacam1 inhibits toll-like receptor 2-triggered antibacterial responses of human pulmonary epithelial cells. | although moraxella catarrhalis and neisseria meningitidis are important human pathogens, they often colonize the human respiratory tract without causing overt clinical symptoms. both pathogens express structurally unrelated proteins that share the ability to stimulate the adhesion molecule ceacam1 expressed on human cells. here we demonstrate that the interaction of ceacam1 with ubiquitous surface protein a1 expressed on m. catarrhalis or with opacity-associated proteins on n. meningitidis resul ... | 2008 | 18836450 |
| multilocus sequence typing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis of otitis media causing pathogens. | streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis are the three leading bacteria species associated with otitis media. defining the molecular epidemiology of bacteria known to cause otitis media is of great importance, in both clinical and research settings. pfge and mlst provide data for the characterization of isolates' genetic relatedness, yet they differ in the types of studies for which they are most useful. consequently, knowledge of both techniques is important f ... | 2009 | 18839348 |
| characterization of biofilm matrix, degradation by dnase treatment and evidence of capsule downregulation in streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates. | streptococcus pneumoniae is a common respiratory pathogen and a major causative agent of respiratory infections, including otitis media (om). pneumococcal biofilms have been demonstrated on biopsies of the middle ear mucosa in children receiving tympanostomy tubes, supporting the hypothesis that chronic om may involve biofilm development by pathogenic bacteria as part of the infectious process. to better understand pneumococcal biofilm formation six low-passage encapsulated nasopharyngeal isolat ... | 2008 | 18842140 |
| lysozyme m deficiency leads to an increased susceptibility to streptococcus pneumoniae-induced otitis media. | lysozyme is an antimicrobial innate immune molecule degrading peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall. lysozyme shows the ubiquitous expression in wide varieties of species and tissues including the tubotympanum of mammals. we aim to investigate the effects of lysozyme depletion on pneumococcal clearance from the middle ear cavity. | 2008 | 18842154 |
| cross-reaction of stenotrophomonas and xanthomonas species in a 23s rrna gene-directed pcr for detection of s. maltophilia. | 2008 | 18842940 | |
| mucosal vaccination against bacterial respiratory infections. | mucosal vaccination offers attractive advantages to conventional systemic vaccination, such as higher levels of antibodies and protection at the airway surface. this review gives an overview of recent experimental and clinical data on nasal, oral and sublingual vaccines against bacterial respiratory pathogens, such as streptococcus pneumoniae , haemophilus influenzae , neisseria meningitidis , moraxella catarrhalis , bordetella pertussis , pseudomonas aeruginosa and mycobacterium tuberculosis . ... | 2008 | 18844598 |
| long-term, low-dose azithromycin treatment reduces the incidence but increases macrolide resistance in staphylococcus aureus in danish cf patients. | since 2001, long-term, low-dose azithromycin treatment has been used for cf patients chronically infected with pseudomonas aeruginosa in the copenhagen cf centre. our study investigates changes in incidence of colonization with staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis and changes in macrolide sensitivity in these microorganisms during azithromycin treatment. | 2009 | 18849202 |
| animal models of streptococcus pneumoniae disease. | summary: streptococcus pneumoniae is a colonizer of human nasopharynx, but it is also an important pathogen responsible for high morbidity, high mortality, numerous disabilities, and high health costs throughout the world. major diseases caused by s. pneumoniae are otitis media, pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. despite the availability of antibiotics and vaccines, pneumococcal infections still have high mortality rates, especially in risk groups. for this reason, there is an exceptionally exte ... | 2008 | 18854486 |
| bacteriology in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients admitted to hospital. | we investigated the bacterial flora and antimicrobial sensitivity in sputum from patients admitted to hospital with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd) in order to recommend the best empirical treatment for these patients. the survey was a retrospective study of all patients admitted to hvidovre hospital with the diagnosis aecopd during 2004. a total of 118 patients were included. microscopy, culture and sensitivity testing investigated their sputums. clinical an ... | 2009 | 18855228 |
| hospital-acquired phaeohyphomycosis due to exserohilum rostratum in a child with leukemia. | the present study describes a case of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by exserohilum rostratum in a child undergoing treatment for leukemia. the infection was possibly due to contaminated intravenous dressings and was successfully treated with surgical excision combined with liposomal amphotericin b. consequently, new infection control policies have been implemented at chu sainte-justine (montreal, quebec). | 2007 | 18923719 |
| moraxella catarrhalis m35 is a general porin that is important for growth under nutrient-limiting conditions and in the nasopharynges of mice. | moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative respiratory pathogen that is an important causative agent for otitis media and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. we have previously predicted the outer membrane protein m35 to be a general porin, and in the current study, we have investigated the function of m35 and its importance for survival of m. catarrhalis in vivo. lipid bilayer experiments reveal that refolded m35 functions as a channel that is typical of gram-negative bacteria ... | 2008 | 18931134 |
| tracking resistance among bacterial respiratory tract pathogens: summary of findings of the trust surveillance initiative, 2001-2005. | antimicrobial resistance observed among common respiratory tract pathogens--streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis--may complicate empiric therapeutic selection to treat community-acquired respiratory tract infections. the tracking resistance in the united states today (trust) study determined the in vitro activities of frequently prescribed antimicrobial agents against isolates collected from all 50 states from 2001 to 2005. for s pneumoniae (n = 27,781), su ... | 2008 | 18931466 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility profiles among common respiratory tract pathogens: a global perspective. | antimicrobial resistance by common respiratory tract pathogens remains a global concern, but surveillance programs allow us to recognize trends in susceptibility that may help guide empiric antimicrobial selection. during 2003 to 2004, the global landscape on the bactericidal activity of levofloxacin (global) surveillance program collected 9323 isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, 5828 isolates of haemophilus influenzae, and 1878 isolates of moraxella catarrhalis from 15 countries worldwide, an ... | 2008 | 18931467 |
| cytokine-mediated regulation of antimicrobial proteins. | antimicrobial proteins constitute a phylogenetically ancient form of innate immunity that provides host defence at skin and mucosal surfaces. although some components of this system are constitutively expressed, new evidence reviewed in this progress article shows that the production of certain antimicrobial proteins by epithelial cells can also be regulated by cytokines of the innate and adaptive immune systems. in particular, the effector cytokines interleukin-17 and interleukin-22, which are ... | 2008 | 18949018 |
| the type 4 pili of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 are multipurpose structures with pathogenic attributes. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h7 produces long bundles of polar type 4 pili (t4p) called hcp (for hemorrhagic coli pili) that form physical bridges between bacteria associating with human and animal epithelial cells. here, we sought to further investigate whether hcp possessed other pathogenicity attributes associated with t4p production. comparative studies performed with wild-type ehec edl933 and an isogenic hcpa mutant revealed that hcp play different roles in the biology of ... | 2009 | 18952791 |
| the type 4 pili of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 are multipurpose structures with pathogenic attributes. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h7 produces long bundles of polar type 4 pili (t4p) called hcp (for hemorrhagic coli pili) that form physical bridges between bacteria associating with human and animal epithelial cells. here, we sought to further investigate whether hcp possessed other pathogenicity attributes associated with t4p production. comparative studies performed with wild-type ehec edl933 and an isogenic hcpa mutant revealed that hcp play different roles in the biology of ... | 2009 | 18952791 |
| in vitro study to compare sensitivity of amoxicillin+clavulanic acid and cefpodoxime+clavulanic acid among beta-lactamase positive clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. | the present study was carried out to compare the in vitro sensitivity of cefpodoxime + clavulanic acid and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid against 55 gram-positive and 123 gram-negative beta-lactamase positive clinical isolates. micro-organisms isolated from different clinical specimens were tested for beta-lactamase/esbl by using nitrocefin disc test and for metallo beta-lactamase by using double disc synergy test. a total of 299 (93 gram-positive and 206 gram-negative) clinical isolates were tes ... | 2008 | 18975519 |
| use of the probiotic lactobacillus plantarum 299 to reduce pathogenic bacteria in the oropharynx of intubated patients: a randomised controlled open pilot study. | ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) is usually caused by aspiration of pathogenic bacteria from the oropharynx. oral decontamination with antiseptics, such as chlorhexidine (chx) or antibiotics, has been used as prophylaxis against this complication. we hypothesised that the probiotic bacteria lactobacillus plantarum 299 (lp299) would be as efficient as chx in reducing the pathogenic bacterial load in the oropharynx of tracheally intubated, mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients. | 2008 | 18990201 |
| role of macrolide therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. the global burden of disease study has concluded that copd will become the third leading cause of death worldwide by 2020, and will increase its ranking of disability-adjusted life years lost from 12th to 5th. acute exacerbations of copd (aecopd) are associated with impaired quality of life and pulmonary function. more frequent or severe aecopds have been associated with especially markedly impaire ... | 2008 | 18990961 |
| role of bacteria in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | infections are major causes of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) which result in significant mortality and morbidity. the primary aim of the study was to determine the microbiological spectrum including atypical agents in acute exacerbations. the secondary aim was to evaluate resistance patterns in the microorganisms. | 2008 | 18990975 |
| establishment of in vitro susceptibility testing methodologies and comparative activities of piperacillin in combination with the penem {beta}-lactamase inhibitor bli-489. | the novel bicyclic penem inhibitor bli-489 has demonstrated activity as an inhibitor of class a, c, and d beta-lactamases. to determine the combination of piperacillin and bli-489 to be used in susceptibility testing that would most accurately identify susceptible and resistant isolates, a predictor panel of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria was utilized to determine the reliability of the combination of piperacillin-bli-489 at a constant inhibitor concentration of 2 or 4 microg/ml and at ratios ... | 2008 | 19001109 |
| establishment of in vitro susceptibility testing methodologies and comparative activities of piperacillin in combination with the penem {beta}-lactamase inhibitor bli-489. | the novel bicyclic penem inhibitor bli-489 has demonstrated activity as an inhibitor of class a, c, and d beta-lactamases. to determine the combination of piperacillin and bli-489 to be used in susceptibility testing that would most accurately identify susceptible and resistant isolates, a predictor panel of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria was utilized to determine the reliability of the combination of piperacillin-bli-489 at a constant inhibitor concentration of 2 or 4 microg/ml and at ratios ... | 2008 | 19001109 |
| trimeric autotransporters of haemophilus parasuis: generation of an extensive passenger domain repertoire specific for pathogenic strains. | haemophilus parasuis is the agent responsible for causing glässer's disease, but little is known about the pathogenic determinants of this major pig disease. here we describe, for the pathogenic strain nagasaki, the molecular characterization of 13 trimeric autotransporters as assessed by the presence of yada c-terminal translocator domains which were classified into three groups. all passenger domains possess motifs and repeats characteristic of adhesins, hemagglutinins, and invasins with vario ... | 2009 | 19011035 |
| trimeric autotransporters of haemophilus parasuis: generation of an extensive passenger domain repertoire specific for pathogenic strains. | haemophilus parasuis is the agent responsible for causing glässer's disease, but little is known about the pathogenic determinants of this major pig disease. here we describe, for the pathogenic strain nagasaki, the molecular characterization of 13 trimeric autotransporters as assessed by the presence of yada c-terminal translocator domains which were classified into three groups. all passenger domains possess motifs and repeats characteristic of adhesins, hemagglutinins, and invasins with vario ... | 2009 | 19011035 |
| determinants and impact of multidrug antibiotic resistance in pathogens causing ventilator-associated-pneumonia. | the idea that multidrug resistance (mdr) to antibiotics in pathogens causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) is an independent risk factor for adverse outcome is still debated. we aimed to identify the determinants of mdr versus non-mdr microbial aetiology in vap and assessed whether mdr versus non-mdr vap was independently associated with increased 30-day mortality. | 2008 | 19014695 |
| assessment of the bioequivalence of two formulations of clarithromycin extended-release 500-mg tablets under fasting and fed conditions: a single-dose, randomized, open-label, two-period, two-way crossover study in healthy jordanian male volunteers. | clarithromycin extended-release tablets are indicated for the treatment of adults with acute maxillary sinusitis caused by haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, or streptococcus pneumoniae; acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis due to h influenzae, haemophilus parainfluenzae, m catarrhalis, or s pneumoniae; or community acquired pneumonia due to h influenzae, h parainfluenzae, m catarrhalis, s pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, or mycoplasma pneumoniae. | 2008 | 19014838 |
| human decay-accelerating factor and ceacam receptor-mediated internalization and intracellular lifestyle of afa/dr diffusely adhering escherichia coli in epithelial cells. | we used transfected epithelial cho-b2 cells as a model to identify the mechanism mediating internalization of afa/dr diffusely adhering escherichia coli. we provide evidence that neither the alpha5 or beta1 integrin subunits nor alpha5beta1 integrin functioned as a receptor mediating the adhesion and/or internalization of dr or afa-iii fimbria-positive bacteria. we also demonstrated that (i) whether or not the afad or drad invasin subunits were present, there was no difference in the cell associ ... | 2009 | 19015254 |
| human decay-accelerating factor and ceacam receptor-mediated internalization and intracellular lifestyle of afa/dr diffusely adhering escherichia coli in epithelial cells. | we used transfected epithelial cho-b2 cells as a model to identify the mechanism mediating internalization of afa/dr diffusely adhering escherichia coli. we provide evidence that neither the alpha5 or beta1 integrin subunits nor alpha5beta1 integrin functioned as a receptor mediating the adhesion and/or internalization of dr or afa-iii fimbria-positive bacteria. we also demonstrated that (i) whether or not the afad or drad invasin subunits were present, there was no difference in the cell associ ... | 2009 | 19015254 |
| localization of the domains of the haemophilus ducreyi trimeric autotransporter dsra involved in serum resistance and binding to the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin and vitronectin. | resisting the bactericidal activity of naturally occurring antibodies and complement of normal human serum is an important element in the evasion of innate immunity by bacteria. in the gram-negative mucosal pathogen haemophilus ducreyi, serum resistance is mediated primarily by the trimeric autotransporter dsra. dsra also functions as an adhesin for the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin and vitronectin and mediates attachment of h. ducreyi to keratinocytes. we sought to determine the dom ... | 2009 | 19015257 |
| localization of the domains of the haemophilus ducreyi trimeric autotransporter dsra involved in serum resistance and binding to the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin and vitronectin. | resisting the bactericidal activity of naturally occurring antibodies and complement of normal human serum is an important element in the evasion of innate immunity by bacteria. in the gram-negative mucosal pathogen haemophilus ducreyi, serum resistance is mediated primarily by the trimeric autotransporter dsra. dsra also functions as an adhesin for the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin and vitronectin and mediates attachment of h. ducreyi to keratinocytes. we sought to determine the dom ... | 2009 | 19015257 |
| laboratory maintenance of moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative bacterium that has recently emerged as the third leading cause of bacterial ear infections in children. this organism is also responsible for a variety of upper respiratory tract illnesses in adults, including approximately 10% of all cases of respiratory exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). there is interest in studying m. catarrhalis for vaccine development, and this unit provides guidelines for the laboratory mai ... | 2008 | 19016443 |
| optimal sampling sites and methods for detection of pathogens possibly causing community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. | 2008 | 19020070 | |
| optimal sampling sites and methods for detection of pathogens possibly causing community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. | 2008 | 19020070 | |
| zinc modifies the association between nasopharyngeal streptococcus pneumoniae carriage and risk of acute lower respiratory infection among young children in rural nepal. | nasopharyngeal (np) carriage is necessary for streptococcus pneumoniae (spn) transmission and invasive infection. this study evaluated the effect of zinc prophylaxis on the association between np colonization with spn and acute lower respiratory infection (alri) in children aged 1-35 mo living in a rural district in southern nepal. we compared carriage prevalence of spn in 550 alri cases with that of healthy age- and season-matched controls. this study, conducted from december 2003 to july 2005, ... | 2008 | 19022973 |
| [susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibiotics (2005)]. | from october 2005 to september 2006, we collected the specimen from 366 patients with lower respiratory tract infections in 12 institutions in japan, and investigated the susceptibilities of isolated bacteria to various antibacterial agents and patients' characteristics. of 411 strains that were isolated from specimen (mainly from sputum) and assumed to be bacteria causing in infection, 406 strains were examined. the isolated bacteria were: staphylococcus aureus 70, streptococcus pneumoniae 85, ... | 2008 | 19024644 |
| [nationwide susceptibility surveillance of ciprofloxacin and various parenteral antimicrobials against bacteria isolated from patients with severe infections--third ciproxan injection special survey (2005)]. | we conducted 3 nationwide surveillance studies between 2001 and 2005 at 39 participating institutions throughout japan according to the special survey plan to investigate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (cpfx) and various parenteral antimicrobials using clinical isolates from patients with severe infection during the reexamination period of parenteral cpfx. results of the first special survey (2001) were already reported in this journal. the current third special survey (2005) was conducted at 3 ... | 2008 | 19024645 |
| antibacterial activity of cefditoren against major community-acquired respiratory pathogens recently isolated in italy. | in this study we evaluated the in vitro activities of cefditoren--a broad-spectrum oral cephalosporin--and other comparator agents against 2,396 fresh isolates from community-acquired respiratory tract infections, collected from 6 clinical italian microbiology laboratories. on penicillin-susceptible pneumococci and streptococcus pyogenes, cefditoren demonstrated to be the most active antibiotic (mic(90)values of 0.03 and 0.06 mg/l respectively), showing only a slight decrease in potency on penic ... | 2008 | 19028617 |
| a canadian perspective on the american academy of pediatrics guidelines for acute otitis media. | 2007 | 19030431 | |
| kinetic analysis of ligand interaction with the gonococcal transferrin-iron acquisition system. | the transferrin iron acquisition system of neisseria gonorrhoeae consists of two dissimilar transferrin binding proteins (tbp) a and b. tbpa is a tonb dependent transporter while tbpb is a lipoprotein that makes iron acquisition from transferrin (tf) more efficient. in an attempt to further define the individual roles of these receptors in the process of tf-iron acquisition, the kinetics of the receptor proteins in regards to ligand association and dissociation were evaluated. tf association wit ... | 2009 | 19048191 |
| kinetic analysis of ligand interaction with the gonococcal transferrin-iron acquisition system. | the transferrin iron acquisition system of neisseria gonorrhoeae consists of two dissimilar transferrin binding proteins (tbp) a and b. tbpa is a tonb dependent transporter while tbpb is a lipoprotein that makes iron acquisition from transferrin (tf) more efficient. in an attempt to further define the individual roles of these receptors in the process of tf-iron acquisition, the kinetics of the receptor proteins in regards to ligand association and dissociation were evaluated. tf association wit ... | 2009 | 19048191 |
| evaluation of an immunochromatographic assay kit for rapid identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in clinical isolates. | we evaluated a new immunochromatographic assay (ica) using mouse monoclonal anti-mpt64 antibody for rapid discrimination between mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria in clinical isolates. a study with mycobacteria and other organisms showed excellent sensitivity (approximately equal 99%) and specificity (100%) and an appropriate detection limit (10(5) cfu/ml) when tested with m. tuberculosis h37rv. this ica can simplify the identification of m. tuberculosis in clinical labo ... | 2009 | 19052177 |
| evaluation of an immunochromatographic assay kit for rapid identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in clinical isolates. | we evaluated a new immunochromatographic assay (ica) using mouse monoclonal anti-mpt64 antibody for rapid discrimination between mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria in clinical isolates. a study with mycobacteria and other organisms showed excellent sensitivity (approximately equal 99%) and specificity (100%) and an appropriate detection limit (10(5) cfu/ml) when tested with m. tuberculosis h37rv. this ica can simplify the identification of m. tuberculosis in clinical labo ... | 2009 | 19052177 |
| beta-lactam effects on mixed cultures of common respiratory isolates as an approach to treatment effects on nasopharyngeal bacterial population dynamics. | streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes and haemophilus influenzae are bacteria present in the nasopharynx as part of normal flora. the ecological equilibrium in the nasopharynx can be disrupted by the presence of antibiotics. | 2008 | 19052648 |
| cefepime: a reappraisal in an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance. | cefepime is a 'fourth-generation' cephalosporin with an in vitro extended-spectrum of activity against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens. cefepime is approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe infections, such as pneumonia, uncomplicated and complicated urinary tract infections, skin and soft-tissue infections, intra-abdominal infections and febrile neutropenia. in this article, we provide a critical review of pharmacodynamics, clinical management, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, pha ... | 2008 | 19053894 |
| in vitro activity of lk-157, a novel tricyclic carbapenem as broad-spectrum {beta}-lactamase inhibitor. | lk-157 is a novel tricyclic carbapenem with potent activity against class a and class c beta-lactamases. when tested against the purified tem-1 and shv-1 enzymes, lk-157 exhibited 50% inhibitory concentrations (ic(50)s) in the ranges of the clavulanic acid and tazobactam ic(50)s (55 nm and 151 nm, respectively). moreover, lk-157 significantly inhibited ampc beta-lactamase (ic(50), 62 nm), as lk-157 was >2,000-fold more potent than clavulanic acid and approximately 28-fold more active than tazoba ... | 2008 | 19075067 |
| in vitro activity of lk-157, a novel tricyclic carbapenem as broad-spectrum {beta}-lactamase inhibitor. | lk-157 is a novel tricyclic carbapenem with potent activity against class a and class c beta-lactamases. when tested against the purified tem-1 and shv-1 enzymes, lk-157 exhibited 50% inhibitory concentrations (ic(50)s) in the ranges of the clavulanic acid and tazobactam ic(50)s (55 nm and 151 nm, respectively). moreover, lk-157 significantly inhibited ampc beta-lactamase (ic(50), 62 nm), as lk-157 was >2,000-fold more potent than clavulanic acid and approximately 28-fold more active than tazoba ... | 2008 | 19075067 |
| mucosal immunization of mice with recombinant omp p2 induces antibodies that bind to surface epitopes of multiple strains of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is a significant cause of otitis media in children and exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. vaccine research for nthi has focused on the outer membrane proteins (omps) of nthi. the goal of this study was to evaluate mucosal and systemic immune responses to recombinant omp p2 (rp2) of nthi. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) demonstrated that both mucosal and systemic routes of immunization resulted in antibodies to ... | 2009 | 19079335 |
| mucosal immunization of mice with recombinant omp p2 induces antibodies that bind to surface epitopes of multiple strains of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is a significant cause of otitis media in children and exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. vaccine research for nthi has focused on the outer membrane proteins (omps) of nthi. the goal of this study was to evaluate mucosal and systemic immune responses to recombinant omp p2 (rp2) of nthi. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) demonstrated that both mucosal and systemic routes of immunization resulted in antibodies to ... | 2009 | 19079335 |
| novel biaryl oxazolidinones: in vitro and in vivo activities with pharmacokinetics in an animal model. | rbx 1000075 and rbx 1000276, the new investigational oxazolidinones, have an extended spectrum of in vitro activity against gram-positive pathogens and showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) lower than comparator drugs. mic for 90% of the organisms (mic(90)) values of rbx 1000075, rbx 1000276 and linezolid against the isolates tested were, respectively: methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus, 0.25, 1 and 4 microg/ml; methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa), 0.5, 2 and 4 microg/ml; m ... | 2009 | 19091517 |
| current progress with moraxella catarrhalis antigens as vaccine candidates. | the success of the immunization programs against haemophilus influenzae type b and, more recently, streptococcus pneumoniae in developed and some developing countries has demonstrated that invasive disease caused by these bacteria can be very effectively controlled by vaccination. there is also evidence that pneumococcal vaccines can reduce the incidence of acute otitis media in children. more complete control of this disease would be achieved if infections caused by moraxella catarrhalis and no ... | 2009 | 19093775 |
| tobacco use increases susceptibility to bacterial infection. | abstract: active smokers and those exposed to secondhand smoke are at increased risk of bacterial infection. tobacco smoke exposure increases susceptibility to respiratory tract infections, including tuberculosis, pneumonia and legionnaires disease; bacterial vaginosis and sexually transmitted diseases, such as chlamydia and gonorrhoea; helicobacter pylori infection; periodontitis; meningitis; otitis media; and post-surgical and nosocomial infections. tobacco smoke compromises the anti-bacterial ... | 2008 | 19094204 |
| microbiology of otitis media: a moving target. | the microbiology of acute otitis media (aom) is linked to the nasopharyngeal commensal flora. this respiratory ecosystem undergoes various selective pressures, such as antibiotic consumption and vaccine use. socio-economic conditions also influence the bacterial composition of the nasopharynx. streptococcus pneumoniae, non-encapsulated haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and group a streptococcus are the leading causes of bacterial aom worldwide. this paper will discuss the causes and ... | 2008 | 19094935 |
| severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) associated with a coronin-1a mutation and a chromosome 16p11.2 deletion. | defects causing severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) have been reported in pathways mediating antigen receptor rearrangement, antigen receptor and cytokine signaling, and purine metabolism. recognizing that the actin regulator coronin-1a is essential for development of a normal peripheral t cell compartment in mouse models, we identified absence of coronin-1a in a girl with t-b+nk+ scid who suffered recurrent infections including severe post-vaccination varicella at age 13 months. murine coro ... | 2009 | 19097825 |
| severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) associated with a coronin-1a mutation and a chromosome 16p11.2 deletion. | defects causing severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) have been reported in pathways mediating antigen receptor rearrangement, antigen receptor and cytokine signaling, and purine metabolism. recognizing that the actin regulator coronin-1a is essential for development of a normal peripheral t cell compartment in mouse models, we identified absence of coronin-1a in a girl with t-b+nk+ scid who suffered recurrent infections including severe post-vaccination varicella at age 13 months. murine coro ... | 2009 | 19097825 |
| [analysis on the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of moraxella catarrhalis in children with lower respiratory tract infection in suzhou]. | 2008 | 19103131 | |
| 99mtechnetium-labelled neutrophil scanning in pneumonia. | 2009 | 19103876 | |
| association between antimicrobial consumption and resistance in escherichia coli. | during a 9-year study period from 1997 through 2005, the association between antimicrobial resistance rates in escherichia coli and outpatient antimicrobial consumption was investigated in 20 hospital districts in finland. a total of 754,293 e. coli isolates, mainly from urine samples, were tested for antimicrobial resistance in 26 clinical microbiology laboratories. the following antimicrobials were studied: ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, tr ... | 2009 | 19104012 |
| association between antimicrobial consumption and resistance in escherichia coli. | during a 9-year study period from 1997 through 2005, the association between antimicrobial resistance rates in escherichia coli and outpatient antimicrobial consumption was investigated in 20 hospital districts in finland. a total of 754,293 e. coli isolates, mainly from urine samples, were tested for antimicrobial resistance in 26 clinical microbiology laboratories. the following antimicrobials were studied: ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, tr ... | 2009 | 19104012 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of a new cephalosporin, ceftaroline, and determination of quality control ranges for mic testing. | the spectrum of activity of ceftaroline was evaluated against 1,247 bacterial isolates representing 44 different species or phenotypic groups. for the majority of species, the activity of ceftaroline was comparable or superior to that of ceftriaxone. mic and/or disk diffusion quality control ranges of ceftaroline were determined for five standard atcc reference strains. | 2008 | 19114671 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of a new cephalosporin, ceftaroline, and determination of quality control ranges for mic testing. | the spectrum of activity of ceftaroline was evaluated against 1,247 bacterial isolates representing 44 different species or phenotypic groups. for the majority of species, the activity of ceftaroline was comparable or superior to that of ceftriaxone. mic and/or disk diffusion quality control ranges of ceftaroline were determined for five standard atcc reference strains. | 2008 | 19114671 |
| prulifloxacin in the treatment of acute exacerbations of copd in cigarette smokers. | smoking is associated with an increased risk of respiratory tract infection in adults likely because components in the smoke might alter properties of the epithelial cell surface. in studies with smokers suffering from acute exacerbations of copd (aecopd), the most common bacterial pathogens found were mainly haemophilus influenzae, but also streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, and moraxella catarrhalis. therefore, antibiotics should be effective against such possible pathogens. prul ... | 2008 | 19124373 |
| clinical immunology review series: an approach to the management of pulmonary disease in primary antibody deficiency. | the sinopulmonary tract is the major site of infection in patients with primary antibody deficiency syndromes, and structural lung damage arising from repeated sepsis is a major determinant of morbidity and mortality. patients with common variable immunodeficiency may, in addition, develop inflammatory lung disease, often associated with multi-system granulomatous disease. this review discusses the presentation and management of lung disease in patients with primary antibody deficiency. | 2009 | 19128358 |
| at the crossroads: mucosal immunology of the larynx. | the larynx sits at the crossroads between gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. besides its intrinsic importance in breathing, swallowing and voice production, the larynx is also exposed to unique immunological challenges. given the propensity of chronic inflammatory conditions such as chronic laryngitis, which affects up to 20% of western populations, it is surprising that our understanding of the immunology of this organ remains relatively limited. recent work on the immunological architect ... | 2009 | 19129759 |
| sideromycins: tools and antibiotics. | sideromycins are antibiotics covalently linked to siderophores. they are actively transported into gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. energy-coupled transport across the outer membrane and the cytoplasmic membrane strongly increases their antibiotic efficiency; their minimal inhibitory concentration is at least 100-fold lower than that of antibiotics that enter cells by diffusion. this is particularly relevant for gram-negative bacteria because the outer membrane, which usually forms a pe ... | 2009 | 19130258 |
| airway glutathione homeostasis is altered in children with severe asthma: evidence for oxidant stress. | severe asthma is characterized by persistent airway inflammation and increased formation of reactive oxygen species. | 2009 | 19130935 |
| in vitro activity of iclaprim against respiratory and bacteremic isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae. | iclaprim, a novel dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, inhibited 90% of the clinical isolates (mic(90)) of streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 785) collected by a national surveillance program at a concentration of 1 microg/ml. the mic(90) for iclaprim was 7 doubling dilutions lower for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-susceptible isolates (n = 670; mic(90), 0.06 microg/ml) than for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant isolates (n = 115; mic(90), >or=8 microg/ml). the potential clinical utility of iclap ... | 2009 | 19139284 |