Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| pseudomonas aeruginosa minor pilins prime type iva pilus assembly and promote surface display of the pily1 adhesin. | type iv pili (t4p) contain hundreds of major subunits, but minor subunits are also required for assembly and function. here we show that pseudomonas aeruginosa minor pilins prime pilus assembly and traffic the pilus-associated adhesin and anti-retraction protein, pily1, to the cell surface. pilv, pilw, and pilx require pily1 for inclusion in surface pili and vice versa, suggestive of complex formation. pile requires pilvwxy1 for inclusion, suggesting that it binds a novel interface created by tw ... | 2014 | 25389296 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa minor pilins prime type iva pilus assembly and promote surface display of the pily1 adhesin. | type iv pili (t4p) contain hundreds of major subunits, but minor subunits are also required for assembly and function. here we show that pseudomonas aeruginosa minor pilins prime pilus assembly and traffic the pilus-associated adhesin and anti-retraction protein, pily1, to the cell surface. pilv, pilw, and pilx require pily1 for inclusion in surface pili and vice versa, suggestive of complex formation. pile requires pilvwxy1 for inclusion, suggesting that it binds a novel interface created by tw ... | 2014 | 25389296 |
| a linkage between smeijk efflux pump, cell envelope integrity, and σe-mediated envelope stress response in stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | resistance nodulation division (rnd) efflux pumps, such as the smeijk pump of stenotrophomonas maltophilia, are known to contribute to the multidrug resistance in gram-negative bacteria. however, some rnd pumps are constitutively expressed even though no antimicrobial stresses occur, implying that there should be some physical implications for these rnd pumps. in this study, the role of smeijk in antimicrobials resistance, envelope integrity, and σe-mediated envelope stress response (esr) of s. ... | 2014 | 25390933 |
| cecafdb: a curated database for the documentation, visualization and comparative analysis of central carbon metabolic flux distributions explored by 13c-fluxomics. | the central carbon metabolic flux database (cecafdb, available at http://www.cecafdb.org) is a manually curated, multipurpose and open-access database for the documentation, visualization and comparative analysis of the quantitative flux results of central carbon metabolism among microbes and animal cells. it encompasses records for more than 500 flux distributions among 36 organisms and includes information regarding the genotype, culture medium, growth conditions and other specific information ... | 2014 | 25392417 |
| cecafdb: a curated database for the documentation, visualization and comparative analysis of central carbon metabolic flux distributions explored by 13c-fluxomics. | the central carbon metabolic flux database (cecafdb, available at http://www.cecafdb.org) is a manually curated, multipurpose and open-access database for the documentation, visualization and comparative analysis of the quantitative flux results of central carbon metabolism among microbes and animal cells. it encompasses records for more than 500 flux distributions among 36 organisms and includes information regarding the genotype, culture medium, growth conditions and other specific information ... | 2014 | 25392417 |
| xanthomonas campestris lipooligosaccharides trigger innate immunity and oxidative burst in arabidopsis. | plants lack the adaptive immunity mechanisms of jawed vertebrates, so they rely on innate immune responses to defense themselves from pathogens. the plant immune system perceives the presence of pathogens by recognition of molecules known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps). pamps have several common characteristics, including highly conserved structures, essential for the microorganism but absent in host organisms. plants can specifically recognize pamps using a large set of recep ... | 2014 | 25394800 |
| unfolded protein response-regulated drosophila fic (dfic) protein reversibly ampylates bip chaperone during endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. | drosophila fic (dfic) mediates ampylation, a covalent attachment of adenosine monophosphate (amp) from atp to hydroxyl side chains of protein substrates. here, we identified the endoplasmic reticulum (er) chaperone bip as a substrate for dfic and mapped the modification site to thr-366 within the atpase domain. the level of ampylated bip in drosophila s2 cells is high during homeostasis, whereas the level of ampylated bip decreases upon the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the er. both dfic ... | 2014 | 25395623 |
| genome features of pseudomonas putida ls46, a novel polyhydroxyalkanoate producer and its comparison with other p. putida strains. | a novel strain of pseudomonas putida ls46 was isolated from wastewater on the basis of its ability to synthesize medium chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-phas). p.putida ls46 was differentiated from other p.putida strains on the basis of cpn60 (ut). the complete genome of p.putida ls46 was sequenced and annotated. its chromosome is 5,86,2556 bp in size with gc ratio of 61.69. it is encoding 5316 genes, including 7 rrna genes and 76 trna genes. nucleotide sequence data of the complete p. pu ... | 2014 | 25401060 |
| tuning of peroxiredoxin catalysis for various physiological roles. | peroxiredoxins (prxs) make up an ancient family of enzymes that are the predominant peroxidases for nearly all organisms and play essential roles in reducing hydrogen peroxide, organic hydroperoxides, and peroxynitrite. even between distantly related organisms, the core protein fold and key catalytic residues related to its cysteine-based catalytic mechanism have been retained. given that these enzymes appeared early in biology, prxs have experienced more than 1 billion years of optimization for ... | 2014 | 25403613 |
| the impact of systemic and copper pesticide applications on the phyllosphere microflora of tomatoes. | contamination of tomatoes by salmonella can occur in agricultural settings. little is currently understood about how agricultural inputs such as pesticide applications may impact epiphytic crop microflora and potentially play a role in contamination events. we examined the impact of two materials commonly used in virginia tomato agriculture: acibenzolar-s-methyl (crop protectant) and copper oxychloride (pesticide) to identify the effects these materials may exert on baseline tomato microflora an ... | 2014 | 25410588 |
| the impact of systemic and copper pesticide applications on the phyllosphere microflora of tomatoes. | contamination of tomatoes by salmonella can occur in agricultural settings. little is currently understood about how agricultural inputs such as pesticide applications may impact epiphytic crop microflora and potentially play a role in contamination events. we examined the impact of two materials commonly used in virginia tomato agriculture: acibenzolar-s-methyl (crop protectant) and copper oxychloride (pesticide) to identify the effects these materials may exert on baseline tomato microflora an ... | 2014 | 25410588 |
| comparative genomics of transcriptional regulation of methionine metabolism in proteobacteria. | methionine metabolism and uptake genes in proteobacteria are controlled by a variety of rna and dna regulatory systems. we have applied comparative genomics to reconstruct regulons for three known transcription factors, metj, metr, and sahr, and three known riboswitch motifs, sah, sam-sah, and sam_alpha, in ∼ 200 genomes from 22 taxonomic groups of proteobacteria. we also identified two novel regulons: a sahr-like transcription factor samr controlling various methionine biosynthesis genes in the ... | 2014 | 25411846 |
| comparative genomics of closely related salmonella enterica serovar typhi strains reveals genome dynamics and the acquisition of novel pathogenic elements. | typhoid fever is an infectious disease of global importance that is caused by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi). this disease causes an estimated 200,000 deaths per year and remains a serious global health threat. s. typhi is strictly a human pathogen, and some recovered individuals become long-term carriers who continue to shed the bacteria in their faeces, thus becoming main reservoirs of infection. | 2014 | 25412680 |
| enhancing crop innate immunity: new promising trends. | plants are constantly exposed to potentially pathogenic microbes present in their surrounding environment. due to the activation of the pattern-triggered immunity (pti) response that largely relies on accurate detection of pathogen- or microbe-associated molecular patterns by pattern-recognition receptors (prrs), plants are resistant to the majority of potential pathogens. however, adapted pathogens may avoid recognition or repress plant pti and resulting diseases significantly affect crop yield ... | 2014 | 25414721 |
| enzymatic strategies and biocatalysts for amide bond formation: tricks of the trade outside of the ribosome. | amide bond-containing (abc) biomolecules are some of the most intriguing and functionally significant natural products with unmatched utility in medicine, agriculture and biotechnology. the enzymatic formation of an amide bond is therefore a particularly interesting platform for engineering the synthesis of structurally diverse natural and unnatural abc molecules for applications in drug discovery and molecular design. as such, efforts to unravel the mechanisms involved in carboxylate activation ... | 2014 | 25418915 |
| enzymatic strategies and biocatalysts for amide bond formation: tricks of the trade outside of the ribosome. | amide bond-containing (abc) biomolecules are some of the most intriguing and functionally significant natural products with unmatched utility in medicine, agriculture and biotechnology. the enzymatic formation of an amide bond is therefore a particularly interesting platform for engineering the synthesis of structurally diverse natural and unnatural abc molecules for applications in drug discovery and molecular design. as such, efforts to unravel the mechanisms involved in carboxylate activation ... | 2014 | 25418915 |
| hydroxycinnamic acid degradation, a broadly conserved trait, protects ralstonia solanacearum from chemical plant defenses and contributes to root colonization and virulence. | plants produce hydroxycinnamic acid (hca) defense compounds to combat pathogens, such as the bacterium ralstonia solanacearum. we showed that an hca degradation pathway is genetically and functionally conserved across diverse r. solanacearum strains. further, a feruloyl-coa synthetase (δfcs) mutant that cannot degrade hca was less virulent on tomato plants. to understand the role of hca degradation in bacterial wilt disease, we tested the following hypotheses: hca degradation helps the pathogen ... | 2015 | 25423265 |
| peptidoglycan from fermentation by-product triggers defense responses in grapevine. | plants are constantly under attack from a variety of microorganisms, and rely on a series of complex detection and response systems to protect themselves from infection. here, we found that a by-product of glutamate fermentation triggered defense responses in grapevine, increasing the expression of defense response genes in cultured cells, foliar chitinase activity, and resistance to infection by downy mildew in leaf explants. to identify the molecule that triggered this innate immunity, we frac ... | 2014 | 25427192 |
| redundancy among phospholipase d isoforms in resistance triggered by recognition of the pseudomonas syringae effector avrrpm1 in arabidopsis thaliana. | plants possess a highly sophisticated system for defense against microorganisms. so called mamp (microbe-associated molecular patterns) triggered immunity (mti) prevents the majority of non-adapted pathogens from causing disease. adapted plant pathogens use secreted effector proteins to interfere with such signaling. recognition of microbial effectors or their activity by plant resistance (r)-proteins triggers a second line of defense resulting in effector triggered immunity (eti). the latter us ... | 2014 | 25431578 |
| domain dissection of avrrxo1 for suppressor, avirulence and cytotoxicity functions. | avrrxo1, a type iii effector from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (xoc) which causes bacterial leaf streak (bls) in rice, can be recognised by non-host resistance protein rxo1. it triggers a hypersensitive response (hr) in maize. little is known regarding the virulence function of avrrxo1. in this study, we determined that avrrxo1 is able to suppress the hr caused by the non-host resistance recognition of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) by nicotiana benthamiana. it is toxic, inducing cell d ... | 2014 | 25437277 |
| genomics-based exploration of virulence determinants and host-specific adaptations of pseudomonas syringae strains isolated from grasses. | the pseudomonas syringae species complex has recently been named the number one plant pathogen, due to its economic and environmental impacts, as well as for its role in scientific research. the bacterium has been repeatedly reported to cause outbreaks on bean, cucumber, stone fruit, kiwi and olive tree, as well as on other crop and non-crop plants. it also serves as a model organism for research on the type iii secretion system (t3ss) and plant-pathogen interactions. while most of the current w ... | 2014 | 25437611 |
| genome sequencing of xanthomonas vasicola pathovar vasculorum reveals variation in plasmids and genes encoding lipopolysaccharide synthesis, type-iv pilus and type-iii secretion effectors. | xanthomonas vasicola pathovar vasculorum (xvv) is the bacterial agent causing gumming disease in sugarcane. here, we compare complete genome sequences for five isolates of xvv originating from sugarcane and one from maize. this identified two distinct types of lipopolysaccharide synthesis gene clusters among xvv isolates: one is similar to that of xanthomonas axonopodis pathovar citri (xac) and is probably the ancestral type, while the other is similar to those of the sugarcane-inhabiting specie ... | 2014 | 25437615 |
| metabolic engineering of microorganisms for the production of l-arginine and its derivatives. | l-arginine (arg) is an important amino acid for both medicinal and industrial applications. for almost six decades, the research has been going on for its improved industrial level production using different microorganisms. while the initial approaches involved random mutagenesis for increased tolerance to arg and consequently higher arg titer, it is laborious and often leads to unwanted phenotypes, such as retarded growth. discovery of l-glutamate (glu) overproducing strains and using them as b ... | 2014 | 25467280 |
| lytic enzyme production optimization using low-cost substrates and its application in the clarification of xanthan gum culture broth. | lytic enzymes are widely used in industrial biotechnology as they are able to hydrolyze the bacterial cell wall. one application of these enzymes is the clarification of the culture broth for the production of xanthan gum, because of its viability in viscous media and high specificity. the screening process for filamentous fungi producing lytic enzymes, the optimization of production of these enzymes by the selected microorganism, and the optimization of the application of the enzymes produced i ... | 2014 | 25473487 |
| unique aspects of fiber degradation by the ruminal ethanologen ruminococcus albus 7 revealed by physiological and transcriptomic analysis. | bacteria in the genus ruminococcus are ubiquitous members of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. in particular, they are important in ruminants where they digest a wide range of plant cell wall polysaccharides. for example, ruminococcus albus 7 is a primary cellulose degrader that produces acetate usable by its bovine host. moreover, it is one of the few organisms that ferments cellulose to form ethanol at mesophilic temperatures in vitro. the mechanism of cellulose degradation by r. albus 7 i ... | 2014 | 25477200 |
| luxr solos in photorhabdus species. | bacteria communicate via small diffusible molecules to mediate group-coordinated behavior, a process designated as quorum sensing. the basic molecular quorum sensing system of gram-negative bacteria consists of a luxi-type autoinducer synthase producing acyl-homoserine lactones (ahls) as signaling molecules, and a luxr-type receptor detecting the ahls to control expression of specific genes. however, many proteobacteria possess one or more unpaired luxr-type receptors that lack a cognate luxi-li ... | 2014 | 25478328 |
| characterization of biosynthetic genes of ascamycin/dealanylascamycin featuring a 5'-o-sulfonamide moiety in streptomyces sp. jcm9888. | ascamycin (acm) and dealanylascamycin (dacm) are nucleoside antibiotics elaborated by streptomyces sp. jcm9888. the later shows broad spectrum inhibition activity to various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, eukaryotic trypanosoma and is also toxic to mice, while ascamycin is active against very limited microorganisms, such as xanthomonas. both compounds share an unusual 5'-o-sulfonamide moiety which is attached to an adenosine nucleoside. in this paper, we first report on the 30 kb gene ... | 2014 | 25479601 |
| genome-wide identification of genes necessary for biofilm formation by nosocomial pathogen stenotrophomonas maltophilia reveals that orphan response regulator fsnr is a critical modulator. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen of increasing concern to human health. most clinical isolates of s. maltophilia efficiently form biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces, making this bacterium resistant to a number of antibiotic treatments and therefore difficult to eliminate. to date, very few studies have investigated the molecular and regulatory mechanisms responsible for s. maltophilia biofilm formation. here we constructed a random transposon insertion muta ... | 2015 | 25480754 |
| dissemination of 6s rna among bacteria. | 6s rna is a highly abundant small non-coding rna widely spread among diverse bacterial groups. by competing with dna promoters for binding to rna polymerase (rnap), the rna regulates transcription on a global scale. rnap produces small product rnas derived from 6s rna as template, which rearranges the 6s rna structure leading to dissociation of 6s rna:rnap complexes. although 6s rna has been experimentally analysed in detail for some species, such as escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis, and w ... | 2014 | 25483037 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray characterization of the full-length bacteriophytochrome from the plant pathogen xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. | phytochromes give rise to the largest photosensor family known to date. however, they are underrepresented in the protein data bank. plant, cyanobacterial, fungal and bacterial phytochromes share a canonical architecture consisting of an n-terminal photosensory module (pas2-gaf-phy domains) and a c-terminal variable output module. the bacterium xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, a worldwide agricultural pathogen, codes for a single bacteriophytochrome (xccbphp) that has this canonical archit ... | 2014 | 25484215 |
| pepper heat shock protein 70a interacts with the type iii effector avrbst and triggers plant cell death and immunity. | heat shock proteins (hsps) function as molecular chaperones and are essential for the maintenance and/or restoration of protein homeostasis. the genus xanthomonas type iii effector protein avrbst induces hypersensitive cell death in pepper (capsicum annuum). here, we report the identification of the pepper cahsp70a as an avrbst-interacting protein. bimolecular fluorescence complementation and coimmunoprecipitation assays confirm the specific interaction between cahsp70a and avrbst in planta. the ... | 2014 | 25491184 |
| pepper heat shock protein 70a interacts with the type iii effector avrbst and triggers plant cell death and immunity. | heat shock proteins (hsps) function as molecular chaperones and are essential for the maintenance and/or restoration of protein homeostasis. the genus xanthomonas type iii effector protein avrbst induces hypersensitive cell death in pepper (capsicum annuum). here, we report the identification of the pepper cahsp70a as an avrbst-interacting protein. bimolecular fluorescence complementation and coimmunoprecipitation assays confirm the specific interaction between cahsp70a and avrbst in planta. the ... | 2014 | 25491184 |
| genetic diversity analysis in a set of caricaceae accessions using resistance gene analogues. | in order to assess genetic diversity of a set of 41 caricaceae accessions, this study used 34 primer pairs designed from the conserved domains of bacterial leaf blight resistance genes from rice, in a pcr based approach, to identify and analyse resistance gene analogues from various accessions of carica papaya, vasconcellea goudotiana, v. microcarpa, v. parviflora, v. pubescens, v. stipulata and, v. quercifolia and jacaratia spinosa. | 2014 | 25491793 |
| disruption of gene pqqa or pqqb reduces plant growth promotion activity and biocontrol of crown gall disease by rahnella aquatilis hx2. | rahnella aquatilis strain hx2 has the ability to promote maize growth and suppress sunflower crown gall disease caused by agrobacterium vitis, a. tumefaciens, and a. rhizogenes. pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq), a cofactor of aldose and alcohol dehydrogenases, is required for the synthesis of an antibacterial substance, gluconic acid, by hx2. mutants of hx2 unable to produce pqq were obtained by in-frame deletion of either the pqqa or pqqb gene. in this study, we report the independent functions o ... | 2014 | 25502691 |
| the meteoric rise of the signaling molecule cyclic di-gmp. | during the past decade, research on c-di-gmp expanded greatly, uncovering several roles it plays among bacteria. | 2012 | 25505855 |
| simultaneous detection of major blackleg and soft rot bacterial pathogens in potato by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for simultaneous, fast and reliable detection of the main soft rot and blackleg potato pathogens in europe has been developed. it utilises three pairs of primers and enables detection of three groups of pectinolytic bacteria frequently found in potato, namely: pectobacterium atrosepticum, pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum together with pectobacterium wasabiae and dickeya spp. in a multiplex pcr assay. in studies with axenic cultures o ... | 2014 | 25506085 |
| proteomics of effector-triggered immunity (eti) in plants. | effector-triggered immunity (eti) was originally termed gene-for-gene resistance and dates back to fundamental observations of flax resistance to rust fungi by harold henry flor in the 1940s. since then, genetic and biochemical approaches have defined our current understanding of how plant "resistance" proteins recognize microbial effectors. more recently, proteomic approaches have expanded our view of the protein landscape during eti and contributed significant advances to our mechanistic under ... | 2014 | 25513776 |
| improving crop disease resistance: lessons from research on arabidopsis and tomato. | one of the great challenges for food security in the 21st century is to improve yield stability through the development of disease-resistant crops. crop research is often hindered by the lack of molecular tools, growth logistics, generation time and detailed genetic annotations, hence the power of model plant species. our knowledge of plant immunity today has been largely shaped by the use of models, specifically through the use of mutants. we examine the importance of arabidopsis and tomato as ... | 2014 | 25520730 |
| plant-agrobacterium interaction mediated by ethylene and super-agrobacterium conferring efficient gene transfer. | agrobacterium tumefaciens has a unique ability to transfer genes into plant genomes. this ability has been utilized for plant genetic engineering. however, the efficiency is not sufficient for all plant species. several studies have shown that ethylene decreased the agrobacterium-mediated transformation frequency. thus, a. tumefaciens with an ability to suppress ethylene evolution would increase the efficiency of agrobacterium-mediated transformation. some studies showed that plant growth-promot ... | 2014 | 25520733 |
| microbe-associated molecular pattern-induced calcium signaling requires the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases, pbl1 and bik1. | plant perception of conserved microbe-derived or damage-derived molecules (so-called microbe- or damage-associated molecular patterns, mamps or damps, respectively) triggers cellular signaling cascades to initiate counteracting defence responses. using mamp-induced rise in cellular calcium levels as one of the earliest biochemical readouts, we initiated a genetic screen for components involved in early mamp signaling in arabidopsis thaliana. | 2014 | 25522736 |
| linear-time computation of minimal absent words using suffix array. | an absent word of a word y of length n is a word that does not occur in y. it is a minimal absent word if all its proper factors occur in y. minimal absent words have been computed in genomes of organisms from all domains of life; their computation also provides a fast alternative for measuring approximation in sequence comparison. there exists an [formula: see text]-time and [formula: see text]-space algorithm for computing all minimal absent words on a fixed-sized alphabet based on the constru ... | 2014 | 25526884 |
| resources and biological activities of natural polyphenols. | the oxidative stress imposed by reactive oxygen species (ros) plays an important role in many chronic and degenerative diseases. as an important category of phytochemicals, phenolic compounds universally exist in plants, and have been considered to have high antioxidant ability and free radical scavenging capacity, with the mechanism of inhibiting the enzymes responsible for ros production and reducing highly oxidized ros. therefore, phenolic compounds have attracted increasing attention as pote ... | 2014 | 25533011 |
| a ralstonia solanacearum type iii effector directs the production of the plant signal metabolite trehalose-6-phosphate. | the plant pathogen ralstonia solanacearum possesses two genes encoding a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (tps), an enzyme of the trehalose biosynthetic pathway. one of these genes, named riptps, was found to encode a protein with an additional n-terminal domain which directs its translocation into host plant cells through the type 3 secretion system. riptps is a conserved effector in the r. solanacearum species complex, and homologues were also detected in other bacterial plant pathogens. functio ... | 2014 | 25538193 |
| apoplastic and intracellular plant sugars regulate developmental transitions in witches' broom disease of cacao. | witches' broom disease (wbd) of cacao differs from other typical hemibiotrophic plant diseases by its unusually long biotrophic phase. plant carbon sources have been proposed to regulate wbd developmental transitions; however, nothing is known about their availability at the plant-fungus interface, the apoplastic fluid of cacao. data are provided supporting a role for the dynamics of soluble carbon in the apoplastic fluid in prompting the end of the biotrophic phase of infection. carbon depletio ... | 2014 | 25540440 |
| apoplastic and intracellular plant sugars regulate developmental transitions in witches' broom disease of cacao. | witches' broom disease (wbd) of cacao differs from other typical hemibiotrophic plant diseases by its unusually long biotrophic phase. plant carbon sources have been proposed to regulate wbd developmental transitions; however, nothing is known about their availability at the plant-fungus interface, the apoplastic fluid of cacao. data are provided supporting a role for the dynamics of soluble carbon in the apoplastic fluid in prompting the end of the biotrophic phase of infection. carbon depletio ... | 2014 | 25540440 |
| a vector system for abc transporter-mediated secretion and purification of recombinant proteins in pseudomonas species. | pseudomonas fluorescens is an efficient platform for recombinant protein production. p. fluorescens has an abc transporter secreting endogenous thermostable lipase (tlia) and protease, which can be exploited to transport recombinant proteins across the cell membrane. in this study, the expression vector pdart was constructed by inserting tlidef, genes encoding the abc transporter, along with the construct of the lipase abc transporter recognition domain (lard), into pdsk519, a widely used shuttl ... | 2015 | 25548043 |
| interactions of xanthomonas type-iii effector proteins with the plant ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like pathways. | in eukaryotes, regulated protein turnover is required during many cellular processes, including defense against pathogens. ubiquitination and degradation of ubiquitinated proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (ups) is the main pathway for the turnover of intracellular proteins in eukaryotes. the extensive utilization of the ups in host cells makes it an ideal pivot for the manipulation of cellular processes by pathogens. like many other gram-negative bacteria, xanthomonas species secrete ... | 2014 | 25566304 |
| cross-talk between two nucleotide-signaling pathways in staphylococcus aureus. | nucleotide-signaling pathways are found in all kingdoms of life and are utilized to coordinate a rapid response to external stimuli. the stringent response alarmones guanosine tetra- (ppgpp) and pentaphosphate (pppgpp) control a global response allowing cells to adapt to starvation conditions such as amino acid depletion. one more recently discovered signaling nucleotide is the secondary messenger cyclic diadenosine monophosphate (c-di-amp). here, we demonstrate that this signaling nucleotide is ... | 2015 | 25575594 |
| stenotrophomonas maltophilia interferes via the dsf-mediated quorum sensing system with candida albicans filamentation and its planktonic and biofilm modes of growth. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nosocomial pathogen of increasing importance. s. maltophilia k279a genome encodes a diffusible signal factor (dsf) dependent quorum sensing (qs) system that was first identified in xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. dsf from x. campestris is a homologue of farnesoic acid, a candida albicans qs signal which inhibits the yeast-to-hyphal shift. here we describe the antagonistic effects of s. maltophilia on c. albicans on filamentation as well as on its plankton ... | 2015 | 25576410 |
| combinatorial effects of diet and genetics on inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis. | inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) encompasses a group of disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract characterized by acute and chronic inflammation. these are complex and multifactorial disorders that arise in part from a genetic predisposition. however, the increasing incidence of ibd in developing countries suggests that environmental factors, such as diet, are also critical components of disease susceptibility. evidence suggests that consumption of a western diet, enriched with saturated f ... | 2015 | 25581832 |
| chemical composition and antibacterial activity of methanolic extract and essential oil of iranian teucrium polium against some of phytobacteria. | the antibacterial activity of essential oil and methanolic extract of teucrium polium was determined against pseudomonas aeruginosa, pantoea agglomerans, brenneria nigrifluens, rhizobium radiobacter, rhizobium vitis, streptomyces scabies, ralstonia solanacearum, xanthomonas campestris and pectobacterium cartovorum by disc diffusion method. minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined by using the serial dilution method. chemical composition of essential ... | 2015 | 25583240 |
| the n-glycan cluster from xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris: a toolbox for sequential plant n-glycan processing. | n-glycans are widely distributed in living organisms but represent only a small fraction of the carbohydrates found in plants. this probably explains why they have not previously been considered as substrates exploited by phytopathogenic bacteria during plant infection. xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, the causal agent of black rot disease of brassica plants, possesses a specific system for glcnac utilization expressed during host plant infection. this system encompasses a cluster of eight ... | 2015 | 25586188 |
| quorum sensing triggers the stochastic escape of individual cells from pseudomonas putida biofilms. | the term 'quorum sensing' (qs) is generally used to describe the phenomenon that bacteria release and perceive signal molecules to coordinate cooperative behaviour in response to their population size. qs-based communication has therefore been considered a social trait. here we show that qs signals (n-acyl-homoserine lactones, ahls) are stochastically produced in young biofilms of pseudomonas putida and act mainly as self-regulatory signals rather than inducing neighbouring cells. we demonstrate ... | 2015 | 25592773 |
| xylan utilization regulon in xanthomonas citri pv. citri strain 306: gene expression and utilization of oligoxylosides. | xanthomonas citri pv. citri strain 306 (xcc306), a causative agent of citrus canker, produces endoxylanases that catalyze the depolymerization of cell wall-associated xylans. in the sequenced genomes of all plant-pathogenic xanthomonads, genes encoding xylanolytic enzymes are clustered in three adjacent operons. in xcc306, these consecutive operons contain genes encoding the glycoside hydrolase family 10 (gh10) endoxylanases xyn10a and xyn10c, the agu67 gene, encoding a gh67 α-glucuronidase (agu ... | 2015 | 25595763 |
| role of excipients and polymeric advancements in preparation of floating drug delivery systems. | since decade or two, the development of floating drug delivery systems becomes a significant and novel tool as having low density than gastric content. there are various advanced polymers including chitosan, eudragit, etc., and excipients such as; pore forming agent, surfactants, etc. all of them are discussed briefly, and results are concluded from various reputed researches. we have discussed all natural and synthetic systems with their effect on the release and other parameters which are esse ... | 2015 | 25599027 |
| in vitro-in vivo evaluation of xanthan gum and eudragit inter polyelectrolyte complex based sustained release tablets. | polyelectrolyte complexes (pecs) are the association complexes formed between oppositely charged particles (e.g., polymer-polymer, polymer-drug and polymer-drug-polymer). these are formed due to electrostatic interaction between oppositely charged polyions. diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (nsaid) advocated in use of painful and inflammatory rheumatic and certain non-rheumatic conditions. the drug has a relatively short elimination half-life, which limits the potential for dru ... | 2015 | 25599035 |
| trapping and assembly of living colloids at water-water interfaces. | we study the assembly of inert and living colloids in a two-phase water-water system that provides an environment that can sustain bacteria, providing a new structure with rich potential to confine and structure microbial communities. the water-water system, formed via phase separation of a casein and xanthan mixture, forms a 3-d structure of coexisting casein-rich and xanthan-rich phases. fluorescent labelling and confocal microscopy reveal the attachment of these living colloids, including esc ... | 2015 | 25600991 |
| image-based phenotyping of plant disease symptoms. | plant diseases cause significant reductions in agricultural productivity worldwide. disease symptoms have deleterious effects on the growth and development of crop plants, limiting yields and making agricultural products unfit for consumption. for many plant-pathogen systems, we lack knowledge of the physiological mechanisms that link pathogen infection and the production of disease symptoms in the host. a variety of quantitative high-throughput image-based methods for phenotyping plant growth a ... | 2014 | 25601871 |
| image-based phenotyping of plant disease symptoms. | plant diseases cause significant reductions in agricultural productivity worldwide. disease symptoms have deleterious effects on the growth and development of crop plants, limiting yields and making agricultural products unfit for consumption. for many plant-pathogen systems, we lack knowledge of the physiological mechanisms that link pathogen infection and the production of disease symptoms in the host. a variety of quantitative high-throughput image-based methods for phenotyping plant growth a ... | 2014 | 25601871 |
| transcriptional regulation of bacterial virulence gene expression by molecular oxygen and nitric oxide. | molecular oxygen (o2) and nitric oxide (no) are diatomic gases that play major roles in infection. the host innate immune system generates reactive oxygen species and no as bacteriocidal agents and both require o2 for their production. furthermore, the ability to adapt to changes in o2 availability is crucial for many bacterial pathogens, as many niches within a host are hypoxic. pathogenic bacteria have evolved transcriptional regulatory systems that perceive these gases and respond by reprogra ... | 2014 | 25603427 |
| phytohormone-mediated interkingdom signaling shapes the outcome of rice-xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae interactions. | small-molecule hormones are well known to play key roles in the plant immune signaling network that is activated upon pathogen perception. in contrast, little is known about whether phytohormones also directly influence microbial virulence, similar to what has been reported in animal systems. | 2015 | 25605284 |
| structures of the n-acetyltransferase domain of xylella fastidiosa n-acetyl-l-glutamate synthase/kinase with and without a his tag bound to n-acetyl-l-glutamate. | structures of the catalytic n-acetyltransferase (nat) domain of the bifunctional n-acetyl-l-glutamate synthase/kinase (nags/k) from xylella fastidiosa bound to n-acetyl-l-glutamate (nag) with and without an n-terminal his tag have been solved and refined at 1.7 and 1.4 å resolution, respectively. the nat domain with an n-terminal his tag crystallized in space group p4(1)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a=b=51.72, c=242.31 å. two subunits form a molecular dimer in the asymmetric unit, which conta ... | 2015 | 25615976 |
| field resistance of transgenic plantain to nematodes has potential for future african food security. | plant parasitic nematodes impose losses of up to 70% on plantains and cooking bananas in africa. application of nematicides is inappropriate and resistant cultivars are unavailable. where grown, demand for plantain is more than for other staple crops. confined field testing demonstrated that transgenic expression of a biosafe, anti-feedant cysteine proteinase inhibitor and an anti-root invasion, non-lethal synthetic peptide confers resistance to plantain against the key nematode pests radopholus ... | 2015 | 25634654 |
| perturbation of maize phenylpropanoid metabolism by an avre family type iii effector from pantoea stewartii. | avre family type iii effector proteins share the ability to suppress host defenses, induce disease-associated cell death, and promote bacterial growth. however, despite widespread contributions to numerous bacterial diseases in agriculturally important plants, the mode of action of these effectors remains largely unknown. wtse is an avre family member required for the ability of pantoea stewartii ssp. stewartii (pnss) to proliferate efficiently and cause wilt and leaf blight symptoms in maize (z ... | 2015 | 25635112 |
| exploring the microbiota dynamics related to vegetable biomasses degradation and study of lignocellulose-degrading bacteria for industrial biotechnological application. | the aims of this study were to evaluate the microbial diversity of different lignocellulosic biomasses during degradation under natural conditions and to isolate, select, characterise new well-adapted bacterial strains to detect potentially improved enzyme-producing bacteria. the microbiota of biomass piles of arundo donax, eucalyptus camaldulensis and populus nigra were evaluated by high-throughput sequencing. a highly complex bacterial community was found, composed of ubiquitous bacteria, with ... | 2015 | 25641069 |
| genome-wide snp identification and qtl mapping for black rot resistance in cabbage. | black rot is a destructive bacterial disease causing large yield and quality losses in brassica oleracea. to detect quantitative trait loci (qtl) for black rot resistance, we performed whole-genome resequencing of two cabbage parental lines and genome-wide snp identification using the recently published b. oleracea genome sequences as reference. | 2015 | 25644124 |
| production of tyrosine through phenylalanine hydroxylation bypasses the intrinsic feedback inhibition in escherichia coli. | tyrosine is a proteinogenic aromatic amino acid that is often used as a supplement of food and animal feed, as well as a (bio-)synthetic precursor to various pharmaceutically or industrially important molecules. extensive metabolic engineering efforts have been made towards the efficient and cost-effective microbial production of tyrosine. conventional strategies usually focus on eliminating intrinsic feedback inhibition and redirecting carbon flux into the shikimate pathway. in this study, we f ... | 2015 | 25645094 |
| identification of bacterial guanylate cyclases. | the ability of bacteria to use cgmp as a second messenger has been controversial for decades. recently, nucleotide cyclases from rhodospirillum centenum, gcya, and xanthomonas campestris, guax, have been shown to possess guanylate cyclase activities. enzymatic activities of these guanylate cyclases measured in vitro were low, which makes interpretation of the assays ambiguous. protein sequence analysis at present is insufficient to distinguish between bacterial adenylate and guanylate cyclases, ... | 2015 | 25645367 |
| a novel pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent 2-keto-d-glucose dehydrogenase from pseudomonas aureofaciens. | a gene encoding an enzyme similar to a pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq)-dependent sugar dehydrogenase from filamentous fungi, which belongs to new auxiliary activities (aa) family 12 in the cazy database, was cloned from pseudomonas aureofaciens. the deduced amino acid sequence of the cloned enzyme showed only low homology to previously characterized pqq-dependent enzymes, and multiple-sequence alignment analysis showed that the enzyme lacks one of the three conserved arginine residues that functi ... | 2015 | 25645559 |
| arabidopsis hfr1 is a potential nuclear substrate regulated by the xanthomonas type iii effector xopd(xcc8004). | xopdxcc8004, a type iii effector of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (xcc) 8004, is considered a shorter version of the xopd, which lacks the n-terminal domain. to understand the functions of xopdxcc8004, in planta, a transgenic approach combined with inducible promoter to analyze the effects of xopdxcc8004 in arabidopsis was done. here, the expression of xopdxcc8004, in arabidopsis elicited the accumulation of host defense-response genes. these molecular changes were dependent on salicylic ... | 2015 | 25647296 |
| downy mildew disease promotes the colonization of romaine lettuce by escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica. | downy mildew, a plant disease caused by the oomycete bremia lactucae, is endemic in many lettuce-growing regions of the world. invasion by plant pathogens may create new portals and opportunities for microbial colonization of plants. the occurrence of outbreaks of escherichia coli o157:h7 (eco157) and salmonella enterica typhimurium (s. typhimurium) infections linked to lettuce prompted us to investigate the role of downy mildew in the colonization of romaine lettuce by these human pathogens und ... | 2015 | 25648408 |
| genome-wide gene order distances support clustering the gram-positive bacteria. | initially using 143 genomes, we developed a method for calculating the pair-wise distance between prokaryotic genomes using a monte carlo method to estimate the conservation of gene order. the method was based on repeatedly selecting five or six non-adjacent random orthologs from each of two genomes and determining if the chosen orthologs were in the same order. the raw distances were then corrected for gene order convergence using an adaptation of the jukes-cantor model, as well as using the co ... | 2015 | 25653643 |
| genome-wide gene order distances support clustering the gram-positive bacteria. | initially using 143 genomes, we developed a method for calculating the pair-wise distance between prokaryotic genomes using a monte carlo method to estimate the conservation of gene order. the method was based on repeatedly selecting five or six non-adjacent random orthologs from each of two genomes and determining if the chosen orthologs were in the same order. the raw distances were then corrected for gene order convergence using an adaptation of the jukes-cantor model, as well as using the co ... | 2015 | 25653643 |
| interactions of salmonella with animals and plants. | salmonella enterica species are gram-negative bacteria, which are responsible for a wide range of food- and water-borne diseases in both humans and animals, thereby posing a major threat to public health. recently, there has been an increasing number of reports, linking salmonella contaminated raw vegetables and fruits with food poisoning. many studies have shown that an essential feature of the pathogenicity of salmonella is its capacity to cross a number of barriers requiring invasion of a lar ... | 2014 | 25653644 |
| interactions of salmonella with animals and plants. | salmonella enterica species are gram-negative bacteria, which are responsible for a wide range of food- and water-borne diseases in both humans and animals, thereby posing a major threat to public health. recently, there has been an increasing number of reports, linking salmonella contaminated raw vegetables and fruits with food poisoning. many studies have shown that an essential feature of the pathogenicity of salmonella is its capacity to cross a number of barriers requiring invasion of a lar ... | 2014 | 25653644 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from dental unit waterlines can be divided in two distinct groups, including one displaying phenotypes similar to isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. | pseudomonas aeruginosa displays broad genetic diversity, giving it an astonishing capacity to adapt to a variety of environments and to infect a wide range of hosts. while many p. aeruginosa isolates of various origins have been analyzed, isolates from cystic fibrosis (cf) patients have received the most attention. less is known about the genetic and phenotypic diversity of p. aeruginosa isolates that colonize other environments where flourishing biofilms can be found. in the present study, 29 p ... | 2014 | 25653647 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from dental unit waterlines can be divided in two distinct groups, including one displaying phenotypes similar to isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. | pseudomonas aeruginosa displays broad genetic diversity, giving it an astonishing capacity to adapt to a variety of environments and to infect a wide range of hosts. while many p. aeruginosa isolates of various origins have been analyzed, isolates from cystic fibrosis (cf) patients have received the most attention. less is known about the genetic and phenotypic diversity of p. aeruginosa isolates that colonize other environments where flourishing biofilms can be found. in the present study, 29 p ... | 2014 | 25653647 |
| identification and characterization of a serious multidrug resistant stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain in china. | an s. maltophilia strain named wj66 was isolated from a patient; wj66 showed resistance to more antibiotics than the other s. maltophilia strains. this bacteraemia is resistant to sulphonamides, or fluoroquinolones, while the representative strain of s. maltophilia, k279a, is sensitive to both. to explore drug resistance determinants of this strain, the draft genome sequence of wj66 was determined and compared to other s. maltophilia sequences. genome sequencing and genome-wide evolutionary anal ... | 2015 | 25654114 |
| purification, characterization and antibacterial potential of a lectin isolated from apuleia leiocarpa seeds. | apuleia leiocarpa is a tree found in caatinga that has great value in the timber industry. lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with several biotechnological applications. this study shows the isolation, characterization, and antibacterial activity of a. leiocarpa seed lectin (apulsl). the lectin was chromatographically isolated from a crude extract (in 150 mm nacl) by using a chitin column. apulsl adsorbed to the matrix and was eluted using 1.0 m acetic acid. native apulsl was characterize ... | 2015 | 25668321 |
| selection of a protein solubilization method suitable for phytopathogenic bacteria: a proteomics approach. | finding the best extraction method of proteins from lysed cells is the key step for detection and identification in all proteomics applications. these are important to complement the knowledge about the mechanisms of interaction between plants and phytopathogens causing major economic losses. to develop an optimized extraction protocol, strains of acidovorax citrulli, pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and ralstonia solanacearum were used as representative cells in the study of phytop ... | 2015 | 25670925 |
| identification of a histidine metal ligand in the arge-encoded n-acetyl-l-ornithine deacetylase from escherichia coli. | the h355a, h355k, h80a, and h80k mutant enzymes of the arge-encoded n-acetyl-l-ornithine deacetylase (arge) from escherichia coli were prepared, however, only the h355a enzyme was found to be soluble. kinetic analysis of the co(ii)-loaded h355a exhibited activity levels that were 380-fold less than co(ii)-loaded wt arge. electronic absorption spectra of co(ii)-loaded h355a-arge indicate that the bound co(ii) ion resides in a distorted, five-coordinate environment and isothermal titration calorim ... | 2013 | 25674394 |
| absence of lysogeny in wild populations of erwinia amylovora and pantoea agglomerans. | lytic bacteriophages are in development as biological control agents for the prevention of fire blight disease caused by erwinia amylovora. temperate phages should be excluded as biologicals since lysogeny produces the dual risks of host resistance to phage attack and the transduction of virulence determinants between bacteria. the extent of lysogeny was estimated in wild populations of e. amylovora and pantoea agglomerans with real-time polymerase chain reaction primers developed to detect e. a ... | 2015 | 25678125 |
| hype-specific nanobodies as tools to modulate hype-mediated target ampylation. | the covalent addition of mono-amp to target proteins (ampylation) by fic domain-containing proteins is a poorly understood, yet highly conserved post-translational modification. here, we describe the generation, evaluation, and application of four hype-specific nanobodies: three that inhibit hype-mediated target ampylation in vitro and one that acts as an activator. all heavy chain-only antibody variable domains bind hype when expressed as gfp fusions in intact cells. we observed localization of ... | 2015 | 25678711 |
| a first line of stress defense: small heat shock proteins and their function in protein homeostasis. | small heat shock proteins (shsps) are virtually ubiquitous molecular chaperones that can prevent the irreversible aggregation of denaturing proteins. shsps complex with a variety of non-native proteins in an atp-independent manner and, in the context of the stress response, form a first line of defense against protein aggregation in order to maintain protein homeostasis. in vertebrates, they act to maintain the clarity of the eye lens, and in humans, shsp mutations are linked to myopathies and n ... | 2015 | 25681016 |
| the host plant metabolite glucose is the precursor of diffusible signal factor (dsf) family signals in xanthomonas campestris. | plant pathogen xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris produces cis-11-methyl-2-dodecenoic acid (diffusible signal factor [dsf]) as a cell-cell communication signal to regulate biofilm dispersal and virulence factor production. previous studies have demonstrated that dsf biosynthesis is dependent on the presence of rpff, an enoyl-coenzyme a (coa) hydratase, but the dsf synthetic mechanism and the influence of the host plant on dsf biosynthesis are still not clear. we show here that exogenous addit ... | 2015 | 25681189 |
| structural basis of functional diversification of the hd-gyp domain revealed by the pseudomonas aeruginosa pa4781 protein, which displays an unselective bimetallic binding site. | the intracellular level of the bacterial secondary messenger cyclic di-3',5'-gmp (c-di-gmp) is determined by a balance between its biosynthesis and degradation, the latter achieved via dedicated phosphodiesterases (pdes) bearing a characteristic eal or hd-gyp domain. we here report the crystal structure of pa4781, one of the three pseudomonas aeruginosa hd-gyp proteins, which we have previously characterized in vitro. the structure shows a bimetallic active site whose metal binding mode is diffe ... | 2015 | 25691523 |
| a tale of transposition: tn3-like transposons play a major role in the spread of pathogenicity determinants of xanthomonas citri and other xanthomonads. | members of the genus xanthomonas are among the most important phytopathogens. a key feature of xanthomonas pathogenesis is the translocation of type iii secretion system (t3ss) effector proteins (t3ses) into the plant target cells via a t3ss. several t3ses and a murein lytic transglycosylase gene (mlt, required for citrus canker symptoms) are found associated with three transposition-related genes in xanthomonas citri plasmid pxac64. these are flanked by short inverted repeats (irs). the region ... | 2015 | 25691597 |
| the capsicum annuum class iv chitinase chitiv interacts with receptor-like cytoplasmic protein kinase pik1 to accelerate pik1-triggered cell death and defence responses. | the pepper receptor-like cytoplasmic protein kinase, capik1, which mediates signalling of plant cell death and defence responses was previously identified. here, the identification of a class iv chitinase, cachitiv, from pepper plants (capsicum annuum), which interacts with capik1 and promotes capik1-triggered cell death and defence responses, is reported. cachitiv contains a signal peptide, chitin-binding domain, and glycol hydrolase domain. cachitiv expression was up-regulated by xanthomonas c ... | 2015 | 25694549 |
| [the role of peptidyl-prolyl-cis/trans-isomerase genes of arabidopsis thaliana in plant defense during the course of xanthomonas campestris infection]. | experimental data obtained in this study showed the involvement of a. thaliana immunophilin genes at2g16600, at4g33060, and at5g48570 in plant defense responses to the xanthomonas campestris invasion. we found not only that the expression levels of these genes changed upon bacterial infection, but also that the plant's resistance to the pathogen was increased if the expression levels of the immunophilin genes were elevated in the host cells. | 2014 | 25711023 |
| thiol-based redox switches in prokaryotes. | bacteria encounter reactive oxygen species (ros) as a consequence of the aerobic life or as an oxidative burst of activated neutrophils during infections. in addition, bacteria are exposed to other redox-active compounds, including hypochloric acid (hocl) and reactive electrophilic species (res) such as quinones and aldehydes. these reactive species often target the thiol groups of cysteines in proteins and lead to thiol-disulfide switches in redox-sensing regulators to activate specific detoxif ... | 2015 | 25720121 |
| structural basis of latrophilin-flrt interaction. | latrophilins, receptors for spider venom α-latrotoxin, are adhesion type g-protein-coupled receptors with emerging functions in synapse development. the n-terminal region binds the endogenous cell adhesion molecule flrt, a major regulator of cortical and synapse development. we present crystallographic data for the mouse latrophilin3 lectin and olfactomedin-like (olf) domains, thereby revealing the olf β-propeller fold and conserved calcium-binding site. we locate the flrt-latrophilin binding su ... | 2015 | 25728924 |
| discovery of core biotic stress responsive genes in arabidopsis by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. | intricate signal networks and transcriptional regulators translate the recognition of pathogens into defense responses. in this study, we carried out a gene co-expression analysis of all currently publicly available microarray data, which were generated in experiments that studied the interaction of the model plant arabidopsis thaliana with microbial pathogens. this work was conducted to identify (i) modules of functionally related co-expressed genes that are differentially expressed in response ... | 2015 | 25730421 |
| pathogen-secreted proteases activate a novel plant immune pathway. | mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades play central roles in innate immune signalling networks in plants and animals. in plants, however, the molecular mechanisms of how signal perception is transduced to mapk activation remain elusive. here we report that pathogen-secreted proteases activate a previously unknown signalling pathway in arabidopsis thaliana involving the gα, gβ, and gγ subunits of heterotrimeric g-protein complexes, which function upstream of an mapk cascade. in this pat ... | 2015 | 25731164 |
| structure and function of the bacterial root microbiota in wild and domesticated barley. | the microbial communities inhabiting the root interior of healthy plants, as well as the rhizosphere, which consists of soil particles firmly attached to roots, engage in symbiotic associations with their host. to investigate the structural and functional diversification among these communities, we employed a combination of 16s rrna gene profiling and shotgun metagenome analysis of the microbiota associated with wild and domesticated accessions of barley (hordeum vulgare). bacterial families com ... | 2015 | 25732064 |
| expression and functional roles of the pepper pathogen-induced bzip transcription factor cabzip2 in enhanced disease resistance to bacterial pathogen infection. | a pepper bzip transcription factor gene, cabzip2, was isolated from pepper leaves infected with a virulent strain of xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. transient expression analysis of the cabzip2-gfp fusion protein in nicotiana benthamiana revealed that the cabzip2 protein is localized in the cytoplasm as well as the nucleus. the acidic domain in the n-terminal region of cabzip2 that is fused to the gal4 dna-binding domain is required to activate the transcription of reporter genes in yeas ... | 2015 | 25738319 |
| the xanthomonas campestris type iii effector xopj proteolytically degrades proteasome subunit rpt6. | many animal and plant pathogenic bacteria inject type iii effector (t3e) proteins into their eukaryotic host cells to suppress immunity. the yersinia outer protein j (yopj) family of t3es is a widely distributed family of effector proteins found in both animal and plant pathogens, and its members are highly diversified in virulence functions. some members have been shown to possess acetyltransferase activity; however, whether this is a general feature of yopj family t3es is currently unknown. th ... | 2015 | 25739698 |
| engineering sugar utilization and microbial tolerance toward lignocellulose conversion. | production of fuels and chemicals through a fermentation-based manufacturing process that uses renewable feedstock such as lignocellulosic biomass is a desirable alternative to petrochemicals. although it is still in its infancy, synthetic biology offers great potential to overcome the challenges associated with lignocellulose conversion. in this review, we will summarize the identification and optimization of synthetic biological parts used to enhance the utilization of lignocellulose-derived s ... | 2015 | 25741507 |
| recent advances in the analysis of macromolecular interactions using the matrix-free method of sedimentation in the analytical ultracentrifuge. | sedimentation in the analytical ultracentrifuge is a matrix free solution technique with no immobilisation, columns, or membranes required and can be used to study self-association and complex or "hetero"-interactions, stoichiometry, reversibility and interaction strength of a wide variety of macromolecular types and across a very large dynamic range (dissociation constants from 10-12 m to 10-1 m). we extend an earlier review specifically highlighting advances in sedimentation velocity and sedim ... | 2015 | 25756246 |
| a bioinformatic survey of distribution, conservation, and probable functions of luxr solo regulators in bacteria. | luxr solo transcriptional regulators contain both an autoinducer binding domain (abd; n-terminal) and a dna binding helix-turn-helix domain (hth; c-terminal), but are not associated with a cognate n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl) synthase coding gene in the same genome. although a few luxr solos have been characterized, their distributions as well as their role in bacterial signal perception and other processes are poorly understood. in this study we have carried out a systematic survey of distri ... | 2015 | 25759807 |
| the structure of the hexameric atrazine chlorohydrolase atza. | atrazine chlorohydrolase (atza) was discovered and purified in the early 1990s from soil that had been exposed to the widely used herbicide atrazine. it was subsequently found that this enzyme catalyzes the first and necessary step in the breakdown of atrazine by the soil organism pseudomonas sp. strain adp. although it has taken 20 years, a crystal structure of the full hexameric form of atza has now been obtained. atza is less well adapted to its physiological role (i.e. atrazine dechlorinatio ... | 2015 | 25760618 |