Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| risk factors for uterine diseases on small- and medium-sized dairy farms determined by clinical, bacteriological, and cytological examinations. | the involution process of the postpartum bovine uterus is usually accompanied by invasion of various bacteria. the objectives of this study were to identify the relationship between the postpartum findings as risk factors for clinical endometritis (ce) and subclinical endometritis (se). furthermore, the effects of ce or se on reproductive performance in small- and medium-sized dairy herds were investigated. a total of 400 cows were examined by vaginoscopy for ce at 20 to 30 days postpartum, and ... | 2014 | 25066047 |
| a highly active beta-glucanase from a new strain of rumen fungus orpinomyces sp.y102 exhibits cellobiohydrolase and cellotriohydrolase activities. | a new strain of rumen fungus was isolated from bos taurus, identified and designated orpinomyces sp.y102. a clone, celc7, isolated from the cdna library of orpinomyces sp.y102, was predicted to encode a protein containing a signal peptide (residues 1-17), an n-terminal dockerin-containing domain, and a c-terminal cellobiohydrolase catalytic domain of glycoside hydrolase family 6. celc7 was insoluble when expressed in escherichia coli. deletion of 17 or 105 residues from the n-terminus significan ... | 2014 | 25164344 |
| effects of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis on probability of conception in holstein dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to estimate the effects of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis (cm), occurring in different weekly intervals before or after artificial insemination (ai), on the probability of conception in holstein cows. clinical mastitis occurring in weekly intervals from 6 wk before until 6 wk after ai was modeled. the first 4 ai in a cow's lactation were included. the following categories of pathogens were studied: streptococcus spp. (comprising streptococcus dysgalactiae, st ... | 2014 | 25173468 |
| experimental model of toxin-induced subclinical mastitis and its effect on disruption of follicular function in cows. | this study establishes an experimental model for subclinical mastitis induced by gram-positive (g+) exosecretions of staphylococcus aureus origin or gram-negative (g-) endotoxin of escherichia coli origin to examine its effects on follicular growth and steroid concentrations in holstein dairy cows. cows were synchronized with the ovsynch protocol followed by a series of follicular cycles that included gnrh and pgf2α doses administered every 8 days. cows received small intramammary doses of eithe ... | 2014 | 25212394 |
| pathogen-specific incidence rate of clinical mastitis in flemish dairy herds, severity, and association with herd hygiene. | a one-year survey on clinical mastitis was conducted on 50 randomly selected commercial flemish dairy herds to estimate the pathogen-specific incidence rate of clinical mastitis (ircm). the severity of the cases and the potential associations with herd hygiene were studied. participating producers sampled 845 cases and 692 dairy cows. the mean and median ircm was estimated at 7.4 and 5.3 quarter cases per 10,000 cow-days at risk, respectively. a large between-herd variation was observed (range o ... | 2014 | 25218745 |
| modulation of innate immune function and phenotype in bred dairy heifers during the periparturient period induced by feeding an immunostimulant for 60 days prior to delivery. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a feed additive (omnigen-af(®), reported to have immune modulating activity) on innate immunity and health events during the periparturient period in dairy heifers when immunity is suppressed. from 60 days prepartum through calving, supplemented heifers (n=20) received omnigen-af(®) daily and were compared with unsupplemented controls (n=20). blood leukocyte innate immune activity (phenotype markers, phagocytic activity, and reactive oxygen ... | 2014 | 25219783 |
| short communication: relationship between natural antibodies and postpartum uterine health in dairy cows. | postpartum uterine diseases of dairy cows compromise animal welfare and may result in early removal from the herd or impaired reproductive performance. the relationship between poor immune status around calving and uterine diseases is well established; however, that between natural antibodies (nab) and uterine health has not yet been studied. the objective of this study was to evaluate the association of circulating nab levels around parturition with puerperal metritis, clinical endometritis, an ... | 2014 | 25262191 |
| dynamics of bacteriologic and cytologic changes in the uterus of postpartum dairy cows. | the objectives of this study were to characterize clinical, intrauterine, bacteriologic and cytologic changes during the first month after parturition in healthy dairy cows and in cows with subclinical endometritis (se) or clinical endometritis (ce). furthermore, risk factors related to clinical bacteriologic and cytologic findings were determined. a total of 170 calvings were enrolled, and intrauterine samples were collected on days 0, 3, 9, 15, 21, and 28 postpartum using the cytobrush techniq ... | 2014 | 25270027 |
| glucose transport and milk secretion during manipulated plasma insulin and glucose concentrations and during lps-induced mastitis in dairy cows. | in dairy cows, glucose is essential as energy source and substrate for milk constituents. the objective of this study was to investigate effects of long-term manipulated glucose and insulin concentrations in combination with a lps-induced mastitis on mrna abundance of glucose transporters and factors involved in milk composition. focusing on direct effects of insulin and glucose without influence of periparturient endocrine adaptations, 18 dairy cows (28 ± 6 weeks of lactation) were randomly ass ... | 2015 | 25319117 |
| changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during experimental escherichia coli mastitis for primiparous holstein dairy cows during early lactation. | the objective of this study was to characterize the changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during imi challenge with escherichia coli ( e. coli ) for dairy cows during early lactation. thirty, healthy primiparous holstein cows were infused (h = 0) with ~20-40 cfu of live e. coli into one front mammary quarter at ~4-6 wk in lactation. daily feed intake and milk yield were recorded. at -12, 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 96, 108, 120, 132, 144, 156, 168, 180 and 192 h rela ... | 2014 | 25368807 |
| dynamics of uterine infections with escherichia coli, streptococcus uberis and trueperella pyogenes in post-partum dairy cows and their association with clinical endometritis. | the diversity and dynamics of the uterine microbiota of dairy cows are poorly understood although it is becoming increasingly evident that they play a crucial role in the development of metritis and endometritis. fourier-transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy was used to monitor the bovine microbiota of 40 cows on the day of calving and days 3, 9, 15, and 21 after parturition, and to investigate the associations of selected species with clinical endometritis (ce). trueperella pyogenes (43.5%), e ... | 2014 | 25439441 |
| co-infection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus epidermidis, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and extended spectrum β-lactamase producing escherichia coli in bovine mastitis--three cases reported from india. | emergence of antimicrobial resistance among bovine mastitis pathogens is the major cause of frequent therapeutic failure and a cause of concern for veterinary practitioners. this study describes intra-mammary infection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus epidermidis (mrse), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and extended spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) producing escherichia coli in two holstein friesian crossbred cows with subclinical mastitis and one non-descript cow with clinic ... | 2015 | 25444074 |
| diversity and health status specific fluctuations of intrauterine microbial communities in postpartum dairy cows. | for the interpretation of clinical findings of endometritis and the development of disease prevention and intervention strategies a better understanding of the dynamics and interactions within intrauterine bacterial communities in healthy and diseased cows is required. to gain deeper insights into fluctuations within the uterine microbiota, intrauterine samples were collected from 122 cows at the day of calving, days 3, 9, 15, 21 and 28 postpartum. a total of 2052 bacterial isolates were identif ... | 2015 | 25497238 |
| prevalence of carriage of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli serotypes o157:h7, o26:h11, o103:h2, o111:h8, and o145:h28 among slaughtered adult cattle in france. | the main pathogenic enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) strains are defined as shiga toxin (stx)-producing e. coli (stec) belonging to one of the following serotypes: o157:h7, o26:h11, o103:h2, o111:h8, and o145:h28. each of these five serotypes is known to be associated with a specific subtype of the intimin-encoding gene (eae). the objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of bovine carriers of these “top five” stec in the four adult cattle categories slaughtered in france. ... | 2015 | 25527532 |
| clearance of escherichia coli o157:h7 infection in calves by rectal administration of bovine lactoferrin. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) strains, of which e. coli o157:h7 is the best-studied serotype, are an important group of foodborne pathogens causing severe illness in humans worldwide. the main reservoirs for ehec are ruminants, mostly cattle, which harbor the bacteria in their intestinal tracts without showing clinical symptoms. in this study, we used bovine lactoferrin, a natural occurring bactericidal and immunomodulating protein, as an antibacterial agent against ehec infection in ... | 2015 | 25527551 |
| comparative proteomic analysis of proteins expression changes in the mammary tissue of cows infected with escherichia coli mastitis. | cows infected with escherichia (e.) coli usually experience severe clinical symptoms, including damage to mammary tissues, reduced milk yield, and altered milk composition. in order to investigate the host response to e. coli infection and discover novel markers for mastitis treatment, mammary tissue samples were collected from healthy cows and bovines with naturally occurring severe e. coli mastitis. changes of mammary tissue proteins were examined using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and ... | 2015 | 25549220 |
| airborne dissemination of escherichia coli in a dairy cattle farm and its environment. | there are multiple ways bacteria can be transported from its origin to another area or substrate. water, food handlers, insects and other animals are known to serve as a vehicle for bacterial dispersion. however, the importance of the air in open areas as a possible way of bacterial dissemination has not been so well analyzed. in this study, we investigated the airborne dissemination of escherichia coli from the inside of a dairy cattle farm to the immediate environment. the air samples were tak ... | 2015 | 25555228 |
| effects of dexamethasone and mycoplasma bovis on bovine neutrophil function in vitro. | it is well established that exposure either to elevated levels of glucocorticoids, or to mycoplasma bovis (m. bovis), has a negative effect on bovine neutrophil function. the objective of this research was to determine whether in vitro treatment of bovine neutrophils by m. bovis strains (n=4) and glucocorticoids would additively impair phagocyte function. twenty, healthy, dairy cows were enrolled. whole blood was collected from all cows for neutrophil isolation. phagocytosis and the generation o ... | 2015 | 25593042 |
| prevalence of virulence determinants and antimicrobial resistance among commensal escherichia coli derived from dairy and beef cattle. | cattle is a reservoir of potentially pathogenic e. coli, bacteria that can represent a significant threat to public health, hence it is crucial to monitor the prevalence of the genetic determinants of virulence and antimicrobial resistance among the e. coli population. the aim of this study was the analysis of the phylogenetic structure, distribution of virulence factors (vfs) and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among e. coli isolated from two groups of healthy cattle: 50 cows housed in t ... | 2015 | 25607605 |
| elevated plasma haptoglobin concentrations following parturition are associated with elevated leukocyte responses and decreased subsequent reproductive efficiency in multiparous holstein dairy cows. | the objectives were to describe the relationship between the intensity of the acute phase response and the metabolic status and leukocyte responses of early postpartum, multiparous cows and determine if subsequent reproductive performance was impaired in cows with a greater acute phase response. peripheral blood was collected from 240 holstein cows, 2-8 days in milk and 2nd-8th parity from 8 dairies in western tx and eastern nm across 5 days (n=6 cows/dairy/day). plasma concentrations of haptogl ... | 2015 | 25613776 |
| characterization of persistent and transient escherichia coli isolates recovered from clinical mastitis episodes in dairy cows. | escherichia coli usually cause transient intramammary infections in dairy cows, but persistent intramammary infections have been observed. the objective of the study was to compare antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes found in persistent and transient e. coli isolated from clinical mastitis cases in a cohort of 91 canadian dairy herds monitored over a 2-year period. antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution and the presence of 27 virulence genes associated with e ... | 2015 | 25631255 |
| mediation analysis to estimate direct and indirect milk losses due to clinical mastitis in dairy cattle. | milk losses associated with mastitis can be attributed to either effects of pathogens per se (i.e., direct losses) or effects of the immune response triggered by intramammary infection (indirect losses). the distinction is important in terms of mastitis prevention and treatment. regardless, the number of pathogens is often unknown (particularly in field studies), making it difficult to estimate direct losses, whereas indirect losses can be approximated by measuring the association between increa ... | 2015 | 25638330 |
| reduction of lactobacillus in the milks of cows with subclinical mastitis. | clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis are the most frequent diseases encountered on dairy farms worldwide, which cause significant economic loss and veterinary cost. the mastitic disease status is associated with increases in both milk bacterial pathogens and somatic cell count (scc). although it is well established that the mastitic pathogens generally correlate with the milk scc, to our knowledge, the correlation between the probiotic genus, lactobacillus, and the mastitic causative bacteri ... | 2015 | 25711409 |
| herd factors associated with dairy cow mortality. | summary studies of dairy cow removal indicate increasing levels of mortality over the past several decades. this poses a serious problem for the us dairy industry. the objective of this project was to evaluate associations between facilities, herd management practices, disease occurrence and death rates on us dairy operations through an analysis of the national animal health monitoring system's dairy 2007 survey. the survey included farms in 17 states that represented 79.5% of us dairy operation ... | 2015 | 25721925 |
| efficacy of enrofloxacin for the treatment of acute clinical mastitis caused by escherichia coli in dairy cows. | evidence for the efficacy of antimicrobial treatments in escherichia coli mastitis is limited. the aim of this double-blinded field trial was to investigate the efficacy of enrofloxacin compared with placebo, with a special focus on survival, in dairy cows with acute clinical mastitis caused by e. coli. dairy cows (n=116) with acute clinical mastitis were included in the study. a clinical examination was performed and a milk sample from the affected udder quarter was collected for investigation ... | 2015 | 25724541 |
| associations between intrauterine bacterial infection, reproductive tract inflammation, and reproductive performance in pasture-based dairy cows. | reproductive tract bacterial infections, particularly those caused by escherichia coli and trueperella pyogenes, can have a negative impact on reproductive performance. it has been hypothesized that the presence of e coli early postpartum may increase the risk of isolation of t pyogenes later postpartum. the objective of the present study was to examine associations between intrauterine bacterial infections with e coli and t pyogenes and any bacterial growth (irrespective of bacterial species), ... | 2015 | 25801340 |
| public health investigation of two outbreaks of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157 associated with consumption of watercress. | an increase in the number of cases of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157 phage type 2 (pt2) in england in september 2013 was epidemiologically linked to watercress consumption. whole-genome sequencing (wgs) identified a phylogenetically related cluster of 22 cases (outbreak 1). the isolates comprising this cluster were not closely related to any other united kingdom strain in the public health england wgs database, suggesting a possible imported source. a second outbreak of stec ... | 2015 | 25841005 |
| molecular cloning and characterization, and prokaryotic expression of the gnrh1 gene obtained from jinghai yellow chicken. | the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) plays an important role in the control of reproductive functions. recent studies have reported the occurrence of gnrh molecular variants in numerous species. in this study, the gnrh1 gene from jinghai yellow chicken was cloned by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and transformed into bl21 (de3) competent cells. the gnrh1 gene and amino acid sequences were subjected to bioinformatic analyses. the gnrh1 gene nucleotide sequence was discovered ... | 2015 | 25867433 |
| [on the occurence of extended-spectrum- and ampc-beta-lactamase-producing escherichia coli in livestock: results of selected european studies]. | extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (esbl) and plasmid-encoded cephamycinase (pampc) producing escherichia (e.) coli in livestock farms have recently been matter of growing scientific and public concern. this article summarises selected european studies which focus on the prevalence and risk factors associated with the presence of such resistant e. coli isolates in livestock farms. due to the different methodologies used in these studies, they cannot be compared directly; nonetheless, the overall p ... | 2015 | 25868168 |
| subclinical mastitis disrupts oocyte cytoplasmic maturation in association with reduced developmental competence and impaired gene expression in preimplantation bovine embryos. | subclinical chronic mastitis was induced to examine the effects on oocyte developmental competence. uninfected holstein cows were intramammary administrated with serial (every 48h for 20 days) low doses of toxin of staphylococcus aureus origin (gram-positive; g+), endotoxin of escherichia coli origin (gram-negative; g-) or sterile saline (control). follicular fluid of toxin- and saline-treated cows was aspirated from preovulatory follicles and used as maturation medium. oocytes harvested from ov ... | 2015 | 25891636 |
| dynamics of escherichia coli virulence factors in dairy herds and farm environments in a longitudinal study in the united states. | pathogenic escherichia coli or its associated virulence factors have been frequently detected in dairy cow manure, milk, and dairy farm environments. however, it is unclear what the long-term dynamics of e. coli virulence factors are and which farm compartments act as reservoirs. this study assessed the occurrence and dynamics of four e. coli virulence factors (eae, stx1, stx2, and the gamma allele of the tir gene [γ-tir]) on three u.s. dairy farms. fecal, manure, water, feed, milk, and milk fil ... | 2015 | 25911478 |
| acute mammary and liver transcriptome responses after an intramammary escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide challenge in postpartal dairy cows. | the study investigated the effect of an intramammary lipopolysaccharide (lps) challenge on the bovine mammary and liver transcriptome and its consequences on metabolic biomarkers and liver tissue composition. at 7 days of lactation, 7 cows served as controls (ctr) and 7 cows (lps) received an intramammary escherichia coli lps challenge. the mammary and liver tissues for transcriptomic profiling were biopsied at 2.5 h from challenge. liver composition was evaluated at 2.5 h and 7 days after chall ... | 2015 | 25921778 |
| minimum inhibitory concentrations of selected antimicrobials against escherichia coli and trueperella pyogenes of bovine uterine origin. | minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of 9 antimicrobials for isolates of 2 common bovine intrauterine bacterial pathogens, escherichia coli (n=209) and trueperella pyogenes (n=35), were determined using broth microdilution methodology. the isolates were recovered from dairy cows from 7 herds postpartum using the cytobrush technique. the pathogens were initially identified using phenotypic techniques. additionally, pcr was used to confirm the identity of t. pyogenes isolates and to categorize ... | 2015 | 25935246 |
| genetic mutations potentially cause two novel ncf1 splice variants up-regulated in the mammary gland, blood and neutrophil of cows infected by escherichia coli. | neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (ncf1) plays a crucial role in host defense against microbial pathogens. in this study, we investigated the potential alternative splicing patterns, expression and splice-relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) of the bovine ncf1 gene to increase insights into its potential role against bovine mastitis caused by escherichia coli infection. using rt-pcr and clone sequencing methods, we found two novel splice variants designed as ncf1-tv1 (retained intron 6) a ... | 2015 | 25946326 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella and escherichia coli from australian cattle populations at slaughter. | antimicrobial agents are used in cattle production systems for the prevention and control of bacteria associated with diseases. australia is the world's third largest exporter of beef; however, this country does not have an ongoing surveillance system for antimicrobial resistance (amr) in cattle or in foods derived from these animals. in this study, 910 beef cattle, 290 dairy cattle, and 300 veal calf fecal samples collected at slaughter were examined for the presence of escherichia coli and sal ... | 2015 | 25951384 |
| infrared thermography of the udder after experimentally induced escherichia coli mastitis in cows. | the study aimed to use infrared thermography (irt) to evaluate the changes in udder surface temperature after induction of escherichia coli mastitis in the right hind quarter. over a time period of 24 h before to 24 h post-inoculation, thermograms of both hind quarters were taken every 2 h to determine maximum (tmax) and average (tavg) temperatures. differences in both maximum and average temperatures (dtmax and dtavg) were calculated, as well as temperature differences between both hind quarter ... | 2015 | 25957921 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring of mastitis pathogens isolated from acute cases of clinical mastitis in dairy cows across europe: vetpath results. | vetpath is an ongoing pan-european antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring programme collecting pathogens from diseased cattle, pigs and poultry not recently treated with antibiotics. non-replicate milk samples were collected from cows with acute clinical mastitis in eight countries. escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus uberis were isolated by standardised methods. antimicrobial susceptibility was determined in a central laboratory by clsi broth microdilution methodology; re ... | 2015 | 26003836 |
| short communication: effects of bos taurus autosome 9-located quantitative trait loci haplotypes on enzymatic mastitis indicators of milk from dairy cows experimentally inoculated with escherichia coli. | the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a quantitative trait locus associated with mastitis caused by escherichia coli, with one haplotype being more susceptible (hh) and another being more resistant (hl) to e. coli mastitis, on the activity of 4 inflammatory related milk enzymes. in particular, we investigated the suitability of β-glucuronidase (glu) as an early indicator of e. coli mastitis. besides glu, the enzymes l-lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), n-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (na ... | 2015 | 26026757 |
| influence of intramammary infection of a single gland in dairy cows on the cow's milk quality. | intramammary infection (imi), comprises a group of costly diseases affecting dairy animals worldwide. many dairy parlours are equipped with on-line computerised data acquisition systems designed to detect imi. however, the data collected is related to the cow level, therefore the contribution of infected glands to the recorded parameters may be over estimated. the present study aimed at evaluating the influence of single gland imi by different bacteria species on the cow's overall milk quality. ... | 2015 | 26134490 |
| different chronological patterns of appearance of blood derived milk components during mastitis indicate different mechanisms of transfer from blood into milk. | this study aimed to describe chronological patterns of changes of various candidate blood components in milk during the acute phase of a mammary immune response in detail. eight dairy cows were challenged with escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in one udder quarter. milk from challenged and control quarters and blood samples were taken before, and 1 and 2 h after challenge and then every 15 min until 5 h after challenge. the scc, serum albumin, immunoglobulin (ig)g1, igg2, lactate dehydrogenase ... | 2015 | 26137855 |
| [infection risks associated with importation of fresh food in iceland]. | access to safe food is a privilege for people living in iceland. rapid increase in antimicrobial resistance, related to factory farming and antimicrobial use in agriculture, is a major threat to public health. increasing food trade between countries and continents facilitates global spread of pathogens and resistance. icelandic agriculture has benefitted from its isolation and small size. after interventions to reduce the prevalence of campylobacter and salmonella at poultry farms, the incidence ... | 2015 | 26158536 |
| risk factors for quinolone-resistant escherichia coli in feces from preweaned dairy calves and postpartum dairy cows. | quinolone resistance may emerge in gut bacteria (e.g., in escherichia coli) of animals. such bacteria could cause infections in the animal itself or be transmitted to humans via the food chain. quinolone resistance is also observed in fecal e. coli of healthy dairy cattle, but the prevalence varies between farms, not solely as a result of varying degree of fluoroquinolone exposure. the objective of this study was to identify risk factors for the fecal shedding of quinolone-resistant e. coli (qre ... | 2015 | 26188574 |
| prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance among escherichia coli isolated from zambian dairy cattle across different production systems. | this study focused on the use of antibiotics on small, medium and commercial-sized dairy farms in the central region of zambia and its relationship to antibiotic resistance in escherichia coli. a stratified random sample of 104 farms was studied, representing approximately 20% of all dairy farms in the region. on each farm, faecal samples were collected from a random sample of animals and a standardised questionnaire on the usage of antibiotics was completed. an e. coli isolate was obtained from ... | 2015 | 26211388 |
| preparation and preliminary application of madcam-1 polyclonal antibody in dairy cows with subclinical mastitis. | madcam-1 plays an important role in mediating immune response and inflammation. this study aimed to express and purify a fusion protein of madcam-1 in prokaryotic cells and to prepare rat anti-bovine madcam-1 polyclonal antibodies. prokaryotic expression vector pgex-4t-1-madcam-1 and pet-28a-madcam-1 were constructed, respectively. the above plasmids were transformed into bl21 escherichia coli strain. these recombinant strains were induced by iptg and identified by western blot analysis and sds- ... | 2015 | 26301930 |
| effector responses of bovine blood neutrophils against escherichia coli: role of nod1/nf-κb signalling pathway. | neutrophils use a broad array of pattern recognition receptors to sense and respond to invading pathogens and are important in the early control of acute bacterial infections. nucleotide-binding oligomerizing domain-1 (nod1) is a cytoplasmic receptor involved in recognizing bacterial peptidoglycan. reduced neutrophil nod1 expression has been reported in periparturient dairy cows. the aim of this study was to investigate the role of nod1 signalling in the early responses of bovine neutrophils to ... | 2015 | 26321220 |
| lactococcus lactis v7 inhibits the cell invasion of bovine mammary epithelial cells by escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus. | bovine mastitis, an inflammatory disease of the mammary gland often associated to bacterial infection, is the first cause of antibiotic use in dairy cattle. because of the risk of antibioresistance emergence, alternative non-antibiotic strategies are needed to prevent or to cure bovine mastitis and reduce the antibiotic use in veterinary medicine. in this work, we investigated lactococcus lactis v7, a strain isolated from the mammary gland, as a probiotic option against bovine mastitis. using bo ... | 2015 | 26322541 |
| photoimmunological properties of borage in bovine neutrophil in vitro model. | borage (echium amoenum fisch) is one of the most commonly used medicinal plants, and has long been used as a traditional herbal medicine for many (non)infectious diseases in iran. study on photoredox and photoimmunology of borage is little. natural immunomodulatory plants with minimal adverse/toxic effects could help boost animal health and, ultimately, public health. to determine the effect of borage on the functions of key circulating innate immune cells, effects of borage extract (be) on bovi ... | 2015 | 26334939 |
| erratum: prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance among escherichia coli isolated from zambian dairy cattle across different production systems. | 2015 | 26390035 | |
| risk of escherichia coli o157:h7, non-o157 shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli, and campylobacter spp. in food animals and their products in qatar. | escherichia coli o157:h7, non-o157 e. coli, and campylobacter spp. are among the top-ranked pathogens that threaten the safety of food supply systems around the world. the associated risks and predisposing factors were investigated in a dynamic animal population using a repeat-cross-sectional study design. animal and environmental samples were collected from dairy and camel farms, chicken processing plants, and abattoirs and analyzed for the presence of these pathogens using a combination of bac ... | 2015 | 26408129 |
| structure and mechanism of the mammalian fructose transporter glut5. | the altered activity of the fructose transporter glut5, an isoform of the facilitated-diffusion glucose transporter family, has been linked to disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. glut5 is also overexpressed in certain tumour cells, and inhibitors are potential drugs for these conditions. here we describe the crystal structures of glut5 from rattus norvegicus and bos taurus in open outward- and open inward-facing conformations, respectively. glut5 has a major facilitator superfamily fo ... | 2015 | 26416735 |
| multiple antibiotic resistances among shiga toxin producing escherichia coli o157 in feces of dairy cattle farms in eastern cape of south africa. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157:h7 is a well-recognized cause of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus). the ability of stec strains to cause human disease is due to the production of shiga toxins. the objectives of this study were to determinate the prevalence, serotypes, antibiotic susceptibility patterns and the genetic capability for shiga toxin production in escherichia coli (stec) strains isolated from dairy cattle farms in two rural communities in the easte ... | 2015 | 26475706 |
| detection of genes encoding multidrug resistance and biofilm virulence factor in uterine pathogenic bacteria in postpartum dairy cows. | reckless use of antibiotics and/or development of biofilm are the rationale for the development of multidrug resistance (mdr) of pathogenic bacteria. the objective of the present study was to detect mdr genes in trueperella pyogenes and to detect biofilm virulence factor (vf) genes in escherichia coli isolated from the uterus of postpartum dairy cows. uterine secretions from different parity postpartum holstein cows (n = 40) were collected using cytobrush technique after a sterile procedure from ... | 2016 | 26534827 |
| potential of lactic acid bacteria at regulating escherichia coli infection and inflammation of bovine endometrium. | about 40% of dairy cattle develop uterine disease during postpartum period, causing infertility. some studies indicate that uterine infection, predominantly by escherichia coli in the first week postpartum, is associated with metritis, an uterus inflammation in which the cow fails to completely clear bacterial contaminants. the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of four lactic acid bacteria (lab) (lactobacillus rhamnosus, pediococcus acidilactici, lactobacillus reuteri, and lactobac ... | 2016 | 26549120 |
| comparison of vaginal microbial community structure in healthy and endometritis dairy cows by pcr-dgge and real-time pcr. | the normal vaginal microflora provides protection against infections of the reproductive tract. previous studies have focused on the isolation and screening of probiotic strains from the vagina of cows; however, the vaginal microflora of postpartum cows is poorly characterized. the present study was conducted to evaluate and characterize the vaginal microflora of healthy postpartum cows in relation to postpartum cows with endometritis by using pcr followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophore ... | 2016 | 26551525 |
| evidence of no protection for a recurrent case of pathogen specific clinical mastitis from a previous case. | the objective of this study was to determine whether the occurrence of a previous case of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis (cm) protects holstein dairy cows against a recurrent case. pathogens studied were escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus spp., streptococcus spp., klebsiella spp., and trueperella pyogenes. a total of 40 864 lactations (17,265 primiparous and 23,599 multiparous) from 19 835 cows from 5 large, high milk producing new york state dairy herds were analysed. ... | 2016 | 26568557 |
| il-17a is an important effector of the immune response of the mammary gland to escherichia coli infection. | the cytokine il-17a has been shown to play critical roles in host defense against bacterial and fungal infections at different epithelial sites, but its role in the defense of the mammary gland (mg) has seldom been investigated, although infections of the mg constitute the main pathology afflicting dairy cows. in this study, we showed that il-17a contributes to the defense of the mg against escherichia coli infection by using a mouse mastitis model. after inoculation of the mg with a mastitis-ca ... | 2016 | 26685206 |
| incidence rate of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis on conventional and organic canadian dairy farms. | mastitis is a common and costly production disease on dairy farms. in canada, the incidence rate of clinical mastitis (ircm) has been determined for conventionally managed dairy farms; however, no studies to date have assessed rates in organically managed systems. the objectives of this observational study were (1) to determine the producer-reported ircm and predominant pathogen types on conventional and organic dairy farms in southern ontario, canada, and (2) to evaluate the association of both ... | 2016 | 26686728 |
| effects of monensin and starch level in early lactation diets on indices of immune function in dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary starch level and monensin on immune function. prior to parturition, primiparous (n=21) and multiparous (n=49) holstein cows were fed a common controlled energy close-up diet with a daily topdress of either 0 or 400 mg/d monensin. from 1 to 21 d in milk (dim), cows were fed a high-starch (hs; 26.2% starch) or low-starch (ls; 21.5% starch) total mixed ration with a daily topdress of either 0 or 450 mg of monensin/d continuing with p ... | 2016 | 26709159 |
| lactic acid bacteria isolated from bovine mammary microbiota: potential allies against bovine mastitis. | bovine mastitis is a costly disease in dairy cattle worldwide. as of yet, the control of bovine mastitis is mostly based on prevention by thorough hygienic procedures during milking. additional strategies include vaccination and utilization of antibiotics. despite these measures, mastitis is not fully under control, thus prompting the need for alternative strategies. the goal of this study was to isolate autochthonous lactic acid bacteria (lab) from bovine mammary microbiota that exhibit benefic ... | 2015 | 26713450 |
| prevalence of contagious and environmental mastitis-causing bacteria in bulk tank milk and its relationships with milking practices of dairy cattle herds in são miguel island (azores). | this study aimed to assess the degree of contamination of bulk tank milk (btm) by staphylococcus spp. and coliform bacteria and to identify major milking practices that help perpetuate them in dairy cattle herds in são miguel island. in july 2014, btm was sampled and a survey concerning local milking practices was conducted on 100 herds. semi quantitative multiplex polymerase chain reaction detected coagulase-negative staphylococci, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, and other coliform bac ... | 2015 | 26719295 |
| draft genome sequences of 14 escherichia coli phages isolated from cattle slurry. | the diversity of bacteriophages in slurry from dairy cows remains largely unknown. here, we report the draft genome sequences of 14 bacteriophages isolated from dairy cow slurry using escherichia coli k-12 mg1655 as a host. | 2015 | 26722010 |
| streptococcus uberis strains isolated from the bovine mammary gland evade immune recognition by mammary epithelial cells, but not of macrophages. | streptococcus uberis is frequently isolated from the mammary gland of dairy cattle. infection with some strains can induce mild subclinical inflammation whilst others induce severe inflammation and clinical mastitis. we compared here the inflammatory response of primary cultures of bovine mammary epithelial cells (pbmec) towards s. uberis strains collected from clinical or subclinical cases (seven strains each) of mastitis with the strong response elicited by escherichia coli. neither heat inact ... | 2016 | 26738804 |
| in vitro evaluation of a novel bacteriophage cocktail as a preventative for bovine coliform mastitis. | the objective of this study was to investigate the potential use of bacteriophage in preventing escherichia coli mastitis on dairies. a cocktail consisting of 4 distinct bacteriophages was generated by screening against 36 e. coli isolates from dairy cows in washington state with clinical mastitis. the bacteriophage significantly inhibited growth of 58% of the washington state isolates and 54% of e. coli mastitis isolates from new york state, suggesting that the cocktail of phages had a relative ... | 2016 | 26774718 |
| an assessment of evidence data gaps in the investigation of possible transmission routes of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing escherichia coli from livestock to humans in the uk. | antimicrobial resistance (amr) threatens the effective prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases in both humans and animals. globally, there has been much research done regarding resistant bacteria in the livestock industry, but few published resources collate this information. this report discusses a risk assessment (ra) framework and subsequent analysis of data availability for amr in bacteria from 4 livestock sectors: dairy cattle, beef cattle, pigs and poultry, with particular reference ... | 2016 | 26776885 |
| changes in endometrial transcription of tlr2, tlr4, and cd14 during the first-week postpartum in dairy cows with retained placenta. | changes in the endometrial transcription of pattern recognition receptors may increase the susceptibility to postpartum uterine infections in holstein cows with retained placenta. to test this hypothesis, nine cows with retained placenta and ten cows without retained placenta were submitted to endometrial biopsies at the first and seventh days postpartum. cows were monitored weekly with clinical and gynecological examinations until 42 days postpartum. samples of the uterine contents were collect ... | 2016 | 26777563 |
| effects of lactoferrin treatment on escherichia coliescherichia coli o157:h7 rectal colonization in cattle. | the terminal rectal mucosa has been identified as the predominant colonization site of escherichia coli o157:h7 in cattle, thus a possible intervention approach should directly target this colonization site. to determine the effect of lactoferrin on e. coli o157:h7 mucosal colonization at the rectum, five 6-month-old holstein-friesian calves were experimentally infected with e. coli o157:h7 and received daily rectal treatment with bovine lactoferrin. three calves that did not receive the lactofe ... | 2015 | 26791110 |
| carbapenem-resistant bacteria recovered from faeces of dairy cattle in the high plains region of the usa. | a study was conducted to recover carbapenem-resistant bacteria from the faeces of dairy cattle and identify the underlying genetic mechanisms associated with reduced phenotypic susceptibility to carbapenems. | 2016 | 26824353 |
| field study on evaluation of the efficacy and usability of two disinfectants for drinking water treatment at small cattle breeders and dairy cattle farms. | the hygienic quality of drinking water for cattle originated from different sources together with the efficacy and usability of two types of disinfectants against waterborne pathogens were assessed for small cattle breeders and dairy cattle farms. a total of 120 drinking water samples were collected from water troughs representing three different water sources commonly used for cattle drinking (tap, underground and surface water; n = 65, 25, and 30, respectively). collected samples were cultured ... | 2016 | 26861741 |
| predictors of fatal outcomes resulting from acute escherichia coli mastitis in dairy cows. | to evaluate the prognostic criteria for identifying cows at an increased risk of a fatal outcome from acute escherichia coli mastitis, the potential cut-off values for five diagnostic parameters associated with a high mortality were determined by receiver operator characteristic curve analysis. these criteria were hematocrit value >32%, blood non-esterified fatty acid concentration >0.4 meq/l, antithrombin activity <120%, platelet count <15 × 10(4)/ml and presence of dysstasia. exceeding the cut ... | 2016 | 26875836 |
| intramammary lipopolysaccharide infusion alters gene expression but does not induce lysis of the bovine corpus luteum. | data from various studies indicate that the ovarian function in dairy cows can be compromised during intramammary infections. therefore, in this study, we investigated if an experimentally induced mastitis has an effect on corpus luteum (cl) function in 14 lactating cows. on d 9 of the estrous cycle (d 1=ovulation), cows received a single dose of 200 μg of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps; dissolved in 10 ml of nacl; n=8) or 10 ml of saline (control; n=6) into one quarter of the mammary ... | 2016 | 26923046 |
| meta-analysis of transcriptional responses to mastitis-causing escherichia coli. | bovine mastitis is a widespread disease in dairy cows, and is often caused by bacterial mammary gland infection. mastitis causes reduced milk production and leads to excessive use of antibiotics. we present meta-analysis of transcriptional profiles of bovine mastitis from 10 studies and 307 microarrays, allowing identification of much larger sets of affected genes than any individual study. combining multiple studies provides insight into the molecular effects of escherichia coli infection in vi ... | 2016 | 26933871 |
| prevalence and level of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli in culled dairy cows at harvest. | the primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and level of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o26, o45, o103, o111, o121, and o145 (collectively ehec-6) plus ehec o157 in fecal, hide, and preintervention carcass surface samples from culled dairy cows. matched samples (n = 300) were collected from 100 cows at harvest and tested by a culture-based method and two molecular methods: neoseek stec (ns) and atlas stec eg2 combo. both the culture and ns methods can be used t ... | 2016 | 26939652 |
| antimicrobial resistance profiles in escherichia coli o157 isolates from northern colorado dairies. | escherichia coli o157 (eco157) infections can lead to serious disease and death in humans. although the ecology of eco157 is complex, ruminant animals serve as an important reservoir for human infection. dairy cattle are unique because they may be a source of contamination for milk, meat, and manure-fertilized crops. foodborne dairy pathogens such as eco157 are of primary importance to public health. antimicrobial resistance (amr) is a complex phenomenon that complicates the treatment of serious ... | 2016 | 26939660 |
| dynamics of postpartum endometrial cytology and bacteriology and their relationship to fertility in dairy cows. | endometrial samples were obtained from 56 consecutively calving dairy cows examined for endometrial cytology and for aerobic and anaerobic bacterial growth. changes over time, correlations between different cell types and between cell and bacterial populations and with fertility measures were calculated. the proportion of neutrophils in cytologic preparations decreased with time postpartum. other cell types did not change significantly with time. the proportion of neutrophils early (day 0 and 7) ... | 2016 | 26944540 |
| identification of fimbrial subunits in the genome of trueperella pyogenes and association between serum antibodies against fimbrial proteins and uterine conditions in dairy cows. | understanding the role of fimbrial subunits during bacterial adherence and the host's immunological response against anchorage proteins is critical for the development of strategies to prevent pathogens from thriving. the objectives of the present study were to locate fimbria-related proteins in the genome of trueperella pyogenes (cp007519), define their importance for bacterial adherence, and evaluate the association between serum antibodies against fimbrial subunits and uterine health in dairy ... | 2016 | 26947291 |
| mechanisms linking bacterial infections of the bovine endometrium to disease and infertility. | bacterial infections of the endometrium after parturition commonly cause metritis and endometritis in dairy cattle, and these diseases are important because they compromise animal welfare and incur economic costs, as well as delaying or preventing conception. here we highlight that uterine infections cause infertility, discuss which bacteria cause uterine disease, and review the evidence for mechanisms of inflammation and tissue damage in the endometrium. bacteria cultured from the uterus of dis ... | 2016 | 26952747 |
| bovine natural antibodies in antibody-dependent bactericidal activity against escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium and risk of mastitis. | natural antibodies (nabs) are mostly igm antibodies produced without antigenic stimulation and serve as a first line of defence of the immune system. as both natural and specific antibodies are present in animals, nabs are studied by determining the igm response to naïve antigens like keyhole limpet hemocyanin (klh). in this study, we selected cows based on high and low anti-klh igm titers, reflecting high and low nab titers, and determined if the anti-klh igm titers were indicative for the reco ... | 2016 | 26964714 |
| molecular characterization of antibiotic resistance in escherichia coli strains from a dairy cattle farm and its surroundings. | this study describes the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of 78 genetically different escherichia coli recovered from the air and exudate samples of a dairy cattle farm and its surroundings in spain, in order to gain insight into the flow of antimicrobial resistance through the environment and food supply. | 2016 | 26969806 |
| proposal for agar disk diffusion interpretive criteria for susceptibility testing of bovine mastitis pathogens using cefoperazone 30μg disks. | cefoperazone is a third generation cephalosporin which is commonly used for bovine mastitis therapy. bacterial pathogens involved in bovine mastitis are frequently tested for their susceptibility to cefoperazone. so far, the cefoperazone susceptibility testing using 30μg disks has been hampered by the lack of quality control (qc) ranges as well as the lack of interpretive criteria. in 2014, qc ranges for 30 μg cefoperazone disks have been established for staphylococcus aureus atcc(®) 25923 and e ... | 2017 | 26987627 |
| evaluation of two multi-locus sequence typing schemes for commensal escherichia coli from dairy cattle in washington state. | multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) is a useful system for phylogenetic and epidemiological studies of multidrug-resistant escherichiacoli. most studies utilize a seven-locus mlst, but an alternate two-locus typing method (fumc and fimh; ch typing) has been proposed that may offer a similar degree of discrimination at lower cost. herein, we compare ch typing to the standard seven-locus method for typing commensal e. coli isolates from dairy cattle. in addition, we evaluated alternative combinatio ... | 2016 | 27001705 |
| relationship between escherichia coli virulence factors and postpartum metritis in dairy cows. | the objectives of this study were to report the prevalence of escherichia coli and trueperella pyogenes in the uterus of postpartum dairy cows before the onset of postpartum metritis (ppm) and to quantify their association with subsequent occurrence of ppm, to quantify the association between the presence of genes encoding e. coli virulence factors (vf) and ppm, and to determine the accuracy of using early postpartum uterine bacteriology results (bacteria and vf) to identify cows at risk of ppm. ... | 2016 | 27016836 |
| enrofloxacin in dairy cattle with escherichia coli mastitis. | 2016 | 27034300 | |
| draft genome sequence of an escherichia coli o8:h19 sequence type 708 strain isolated from a holstein dairy cow with metritis. | we present here the genome sequence ofescherichia colio8:h19 strain kcj852, belonging to multilocus sequence type (mlst) 708, isolated from the uterus of a cow with a bovine postpartum uterine infection known as metritis. genomic investigation of kcj852 will help us understand its virulence potential. | 2016 | 27056235 |
| short communication: the role of autoinducer 2 (ai-2) on antibiotic resistance regulation in an escherichia coli strain isolated from a dairy cow with mastitis. | extended spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-positive escherichia coli is a major etiological organism responsible for bovine mastitis. the autoinducer 2 (ai-2) quorum sensing system is widely present in many species of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and has been proposed to be involved in interspecies communication. in e. coli model strains, the functional mechanisms of ai-2 have been well studied; however, in clinical antibiotic-resistant e. coli strains, whether ai-2 affects the expression ... | 2016 | 27060825 |
| acute phase response in lactating dairy cows during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemic and hyperinsulinemic euglycaemic clamps and after intramammary lps challenge. | the link between energy availability, turnover of energy substrates and the onset of inflammation in dairy cows is complex and poorly investigated. to clarify this, plasma inflammatory variables were measured in mid-lactating dairy cows allocated to three groups: hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemic clamp, induced by insulin infusion (hypog, n = 5); hyperinsulinemic euglycaemic clamp, induced by insulin and glucose infusion (eug; n = 6); control, receiving a saline solution infusion (nacl; n = 6). at ... | 2016 | 27079943 |
| randomized clinical trial comparing ceftiofur hydrochloride with a positive control protocol for intramammary treatment of nonsevere clinical mastitis in dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to compare ceftiofur hydrochloride with a positive control protocol for intramammary treatment of nonsevere clinical mastitis in dairy cows. a total of 264 clinical mastitis cases on 11 commercial dairy farms were treated with intramammary infusions, once a day for 4 d using 1 of 2 treatments: (1) ceftiofur hydrochloride 125mg; or (2) control: tetracycline 200mg + neomycin 250mg + bacitracin 28mg + prednisolone 10mg. streptococcus agalactiae was the most frequentl ... | 2016 | 27157576 |
| impact of seasonal conditions on quality and pathogens content of milk in friesian cows. | heat stress negatively affects milk quality altering its nutritive value and cheese making properties. this study aimed at assessing the impact of seasonal microclimatic conditions on milk quality of friesian cows. the study was carried out in a dairy farm from june 2013 to may 2014 at beni-suef province, egypt. inside the barn daily ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded and used to calculate the daily maximum temperature-humidity index (mxthi), which was used as indicator of t ... | 2016 | 27165021 |
| evaluation of an on-farm culture system (accumast) for fast identification of milk pathogens associated with clinical mastitis in dairy cows. | the present study aimed evaluate an on-farm culture system for identification of milk pathogens associated with clinical mastitis in dairy cows using two different gold standard approaches: standard laboratory culture in study 1 and 16s rrna sequencing in study 2. in study 1, milk from mastitic quarters (i.e. presence of flakes, clots, or serous milk; n = 538) was cultured on-farm using a single plate containing three selective chromogenic media (accumast-fera animal health lcc, ithaca, ny) and ... | 2016 | 27176216 |
| repeated intrauterine infusions of lipopolysaccharide alter gene expression and lifespan of the bovine corpus luteum. | inflammation of the uterus is associated with disturbed ovarian function and reduced reproductive performance in dairy cows. to investigate the influence of endometritis on the bovine corpus luteum, 8 heifers received intrauterine infusions with either phosphate-buffered saline (pbs; 9ml) or escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps; 3µg/kg of body weight diluted in 9ml of pbs) at 6-h intervals from 12h before and until 9d after ovulation during 2 cycles in a random order (ovulation=d 1). an untr ... | 2016 | 27179870 |
| prevalence of bovine mastitis pathogens in bulk tank milk in china. | the objectives of this study were to estimate the herd prevalence of major mastitis pathogens in bulk tank milk (btm) in china dairy herds, to determine the relationship between the presence of mastitis pathogens and bulk tank milk somatic cell counts (btscc), and to investigate the impact of different dairy cattle farming modes and region on bacterial species. btm samples collected from 894 dairy herds in china were examined for the presence of mastitis pathogens. the flinders technology associ ... | 2016 | 27187065 |
| phylogenomic approaches to determine the zoonotic potential of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) isolated from zambian dairy cattle. | this study assessed the prevalence and zoonotic potential of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) sampled from 104 dairy units in the central region of zambia and compared these with isolates from patients presenting with diarrhoea in the same region. a subset of 297 e. coli strains were sequenced allowing in silico analyses of phylo- and sero-groups. the majority of the bovine strains clustered in the b1 'commensal' phylogroup (67%) and included a diverse array of serogroups. 11% (41/3 ... | 2016 | 27220895 |
| lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 limits escherichia coli-induced inflammatory responses via attenuating myd88-dependent and myd88-independent pathway activation in bovine endometrial epithelial cells. | intrauterine escherichia coli infection after calving reduces fertility and causes major economic losses in the dairy industry. we investigated the protective effect of the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 on e. coli-induced cell damage and inflammation in primary bovine endometrial epithelial cells (beecs). l. rhamnosus gr-1 reduced ultrastructure alterations and the percentage of beecs apoptosis after e. coli challenge. increased messenger rna (mrna) expression of immune response indicat ... | 2016 | 27236308 |
| influences of season, parity, lactation, udder area, milk yield, and clinical symptoms on intramammary infection in dairy cows. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the influences of season, parity, lactation, udder area, milk yield, and clinical symptoms on bacterial intramammary infection (imi) in dairy cows. a total of 2,106 mastitis pathogens in 12 species were isolated from 125 dairy farms distributed in 30 different cities in china, and the information about these factors was recorded at the same time. mastitis pathogens were isolated from 63.43% of the milk samples, whereas streptococcus agalactiae accounted for ... | 2016 | 27265170 |
| effect of the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate on the innate defense capability of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells. | negative energy balance and ketosis are thought to cause impaired immune function and to increase the risk of clinical mastitis in dairy cows. the present in vitro study aimed to investigate the effect of elevated levels of the predominant ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate on the innate defense capability of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (pbmec) challenged with the mastitis pathogen escherichia coli (e. coli). therefore, pbmec of healthy dairy cows in mid- lactation were isolated from milk ... | 2016 | 27310007 |
| the impact of intramammary escherichia coli challenge on liver and mammary transcriptome and cross-talk in dairy cows during early lactation using rnaseq. | our objective was to identify the biological response and the cross-talk between liver and mammary tissue after intramammary infection (imi) with escherichia coli (e. coli) using rnaseq technology. sixteen cows were inoculated with live e. coli into one mammary quarter at ~4-6 weeks in lactation. for all cows, biopsies were performed at -144, 12 and 24 h relative to imi in liver and at 24 h post-imi in infected and non-infected (control) mammary quarters. for a subset of cows (n = 6), rna was ex ... | 2016 | 27336699 |
| factors associated with shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli shedding by dairy and beef cattle. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) is an important foodborne pathogen that can cause hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. cattle are the primary reservoir for stec, and food or water contaminated with cattle feces is the most common source of infections in humans. consequently, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 1,096 cattle in six dairy herds (n = 718 animals) and five beef herds (n = 378 animals) in the summers of 2011 and 2012 to identify epidemiological factors ... | 2016 | 27342555 |
| acute phase proteins as biomarkers of urinary tract infection in dairy cows: diagnostic and prognostic accuracy. | the aims of this study were to investigate the level of acute phase proteins in dairy cows with urinary tract infection (uti) and to evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic value. eighty-four lactating cows with clinical and laboratory evidence of uti and 15 healthy controls were included in this study. serum samples were evaluated for the levels of haptoglobin (hp), serum amyloid a (saa), fibrinogen (fb), α1-acid glycoprotein (agp), total protein, and globulin. the diagnostic and prognostic pe ... | 2016 | 27348889 |
| use of rumination and activity monitoring for the identification of dairy cows with health disorders: part ii. mastitis. | the objectives of this study were to evaluate (1) the performance of an automated health-monitoring system (ahms) to identify cows with mastitis based on an alert system (health index score, his) that combines rumination time and physical activity; (2) the number of days between the first his alert and clinical diagnosis (cd) of mastitis by farm personnel; and (3) the daily rumination time, physical activity, and his patterns around cd. holstein cows (n=1,121; 451 nulliparous and 670 multiparous ... | 2016 | 27372584 |
| differential glucocorticoid-induced closure of the blood-milk barrier during lipopolysaccharide- and lipoteichoic acid-induced mastitis in dairy cows. | bacteria invading the mammary gland can cause pathogen-dependent differences in the permeability of the blood-milk barrier leading to the differential paracellular transfer of blood and milk components. glucocorticoids such as prednisolone (pred) are known to increase the integrity of the blood-milk barrier and quickly restore the decreased milk quality associated with mastitis. the objective of this study was to examine the effect of intramammary pred on the differential permeability of the blo ... | 2016 | 27372589 |
| the fecal microbial communities of dairy cattle shedding shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli or campylobacter jejuni. | cattle are a natural reservoir of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) and have recently been recognized as a major source of campylobacter jejuni contamination. while several factors are known to be associated with bacterial colonization, the underlying microbial factors have not been clarified. in this study, we characterized the fecal microbiota of dairy cattle (n = 24) using next-generation sequencing to elucidate the intestinal bacterial communities and the microbial diversity in r ... | 2016 | 27385033 |