Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| role of 'atypical' pneumonia pathogens in respiratory tract infections. | the 'atypical' pathogens are important causes of pneumonia, causing illness ranging from mild to life-threatening. the most common atypical pathogens are mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae; others include legionella species, chlamydia psittaci and viruses such as influenza, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus. infection rates for these agents are difficult to determine because many clinicians and investigators do not routinely test for them, but reported rates are in the range ... | 1999 | 10202227 |
| induction of cd95 (fas) and apoptosis in respiratory epithelial cell cultures following respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is associated with epithelial cell death and vigorous inflammation. in mouse models, and in immunosuppressed patients, cd8(+) t cells are necessary for rsv clearance. in vitro, rsv has been shown to induce expression of several proteins on the respiratory epithelial cell, including rsv proteins, icam-1, and mhc class i, that can potentially interact with cd8(+) t cells in initiating apoptosis of the target cell. one mechanism of t-cell-directed cell de ... | 1999 | 10208933 |
| tracheal aspirate as a substrate for polymerase chain reaction detection of viral genome in childhood pneumonia and myocarditis. | infectious respiratory disorders are important causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. viral causes are common and may lead to rapid deterioration, requiring mechanical ventilation; myocardial dysfunction may accompany respiratory decompensation. the etiologic viral diagnosis may be difficult with classic methods. the purpose of this study was to evaluate polymerase chain reaction (pcr) as a diagnostic method for identification of causative agents. | 1999 | 10209006 |
| evaluation of severe disease induced by aerosol inoculation of calves with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | to develop a model of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infection that induces severe disease similar to that seen in some cattle with naturally acquired brsv infection. | 1999 | 10211692 |
| [the efficacy of oral vitamin a supplementation for measles and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection]. | recently, the efficacy of oral vitamin a supplementation for measles and respiratory syncytial (rsv) infection has been evaluated in developing countries. however, in developed countries where vitamin a deficiency is little worth consideration, few studies have been conducted on the effect of vitamin a supplementation. the effect of oral vitamin a (100,000 iu) supplementation was evaluated in 105 children with measles (age 5 months to 4 years) and in 96 children with rsv infection (ages a month ... | 1999 | 10213986 |
| [central apnea in newborns]. | three neonates had diverse kinds of central apnoea. the first child, a girl aged 3 weeks, had an upper respiratory tract infection caused by the respiratory syncytial virus; she was intubated and needed ventilatory support for three days. the second patient, a boy of 17 days, had an arnold-chiari-malformation with apnoeas treated with a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (acetazolamide). the third patient, a boy of 5 days, had central apnoeas of epileptic origin and was treated with phenobarbital. all ... | 1999 | 10221119 |
| [rhinovirus infections in hospitalized children: a 3-year study]. | rhinoviruses (rh) are responsible for acute respiratory illnesses, mainly in the upper respiratory tract. | 1998 | 10223104 |
| [respiratory syncytial virus infections and ribavirin: the controversy continues]. | 1998 | 10223129 | |
| [is the use of ribavirin aerosols in respiratory syncytial virus infections justified? clinical and economic evaluation]. | the controversy about the use of ribavirin aerosol for children at risk (cardiopathy, pneumopathy, premature and immunodeficient patients), in case of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, led us to stop its prescription in 1993 and study prospectively the patients admitted during the following winters. | 1998 | 10223131 |
| [penicillin-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia (serotype p14), and coinfection with respiratory syncytial virus and mycoplasma]. | a 3-year old child was admitted for a pneumococcal pneumonia with pleural effusion, initially treated with amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. clinical deterioration suggested a resistance to conventional antibiotics which was confirmed by bacteriological investigation. a co-infection with respiratory syncitial virus and mycoplasma pneumoniae was associated. under adapted antibiotherapy, the clinical course improved. | 1998 | 10223160 |
| safety and pharmacokinetics of an intramuscular monoclonal antibody (sb 209763) against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in infants and young children at risk for severe rsv disease. | we conducted a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of a humanized monoclonal antibody against a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein (sb 209763) to evaluate its safety, pharmacokinetics, and fusion inhibition and neutralization titers. forty-three infants who were either delivered prematurely (</=35 weeks' gestation) or exhibited bronchopulmonary dysplasia were administered either single or repeat (two doses, 8 weeks apart) intramuscular injections of sb 2 ... | 1999 | 10223933 |
| airborne transmission of bhv1, brsv, and bvdv among cattle is possible under experimental conditions. | to control the diseases caused by bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv), it is crucial to know their modes of transmission. the purpose of this study was to determine whether these viruses can be transmitted by air to a substantial extent. calves were housed in two separate isolation stables in which a unidirectional airflow was maintained through a tube in the wall. in one stable, three of the five calves were experimenta ... | 1999 | 10227122 |
| protective efficacy against respiratory syncytial virus following murine neonatal immunization with bbg2na vaccine: influence of adjuvants and maternal antibodies. | alum-adsorbed bbg2na, a recombinant vaccine derived in part from the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) subgroup a g protein, induced moderate antibody titers after 1 immunization in 1-week-old mice but conferred complete lung protection upon rsv challenge. the anti-bbg2na igg1-igg2a neonatal isotype profile was suggestive of dominant th2 responses compared with those in adults. formulation of bbg2na with a th1-driving adjuvant efficiently shifted neonatal responses toward a more balanced and adu ... | 1999 | 10228051 |
| upper respiratory tract infections. | in reviewing recent advances in upper respiratory tract infections, we focus on five key topics. first, the use of ribavirin in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection has been limited to the immunosuppressed. prophylaxis in high-risk patients with specific immunoglobulin is effective and a new monoclonal antibody shows promise. second, the efficacy of neuraminidase inhibitors in the treatment of influenza has become established. there are unresolved concerns about early implement ... | 1999 | 10228740 |
| an in vitro selected binding protein (affibody) shows conformation-dependent recognition of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g protein. | using phage-display technology, a novel binding protein (z-affibody) showing selective binding to the rsv (long strain) g protein was selected from a combinatorial library of a small alpha-helical protein domain (z), derived from staphylococcal protein a (spa). biopanning of the z-library against a recombinant fusion protein comprising amino acids 130-230 of the g protein from rsv-subgroup a, resulted in the selection of a z-affibody (z(rsv1)) which showed g protein specific binding. using biose ... | 1999 | 10231093 |
| a single amino acid substitution in the phosphoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus confers thermosensitivity in a reconstituted rna polymerase system. | the single amino acid change gly172 to ser in the phosphoprotein (p) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has previously been shown to be responsible for the thermosensitivity and protein-negative phenotype of tsn19, a mutant of the b subgroup rsn-2 strain. this single change was inserted into the p gene of the a subgroup virus rss-2, and the resulting phenotype was observed in a plasmid-driven reconstituted rsv rna polymerase system. expression from a genome analogue containing two reporter gen ... | 1999 | 10233981 |
| the major attenuating mutations of the respiratory syncytial virus vaccine candidate cpts530/1009 specify temperature-sensitive defects in transcription and replication and a non-temperature-sensitive alteration in mrna termination. | the live-attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine candidate cpts530/1009 was previously shown to contain two separate amino acid changes in the l protein, mutations 530 and 1009 (phe-521-->leu and met-1169-->val, respectively, according to the amino acid sequence of the l protein). each mutation independently specifies temperature-sensitive (ts) and attenuation phenotypes. in this study, we examined the effects of these mutations on transcription and rna replication, using complete infecti ... | 1999 | 10233984 |
| administration of ribavirin to neonatal and pediatric patients during mechanical ventilation. | we have modified the circuits of pressure-preset and volume-preset ventilators to permit the administration of ribavirin to mechanically ventilated infants suffering from respiratory syncytial virus. the modifications isolate the ventilator itself and permit continuous aerosolization for as long as seven days without ventilator malfunction from the effects of crystallized medication. excessive spilling of ribavirin into the environment is also avoided. each institution must devise its own experi ... | 1986 | 10315718 |
| virus-inducible expression of a host chemokine gene relies on replication-linked mrna stabilization. | analysis of the host response to viral infection generally has focused on the capacity of viruses to activate or repress transcription of cellular genes, and this approach is also characteristic of work on rna viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). in the present study, it appeared initially that rsv-driven expression of a critical immune regulator, the beta-chemokine rantes (regulated upon activation, normal t cell expressed and secreted), in primary-culture airway epithelial cells ... | 1999 | 10318944 |
| 2-5a-dna conjugate inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus replication: effects of oligonucleotide structure modifications and rna target site selection. | to define more fully the conditions for 2-5a-antisense inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), relationships between 2-5a antisense oligonucleotide structure and the choice of rna target sites to inhibition of rsv replication have been explored. the lead 2-5a-antisense chimera for this study was the previously reported nih8281 that targets the rsv m2 rna. we have confirmed and extended the earlier study by showing that nih8281 inhibited rsv strain a2 replication in a variety of antivira ... | 1999 | 10320045 |
| prospective follow-up and pulmonary functions from a placebo-controlled randomized trial of ribavirin therapy in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. ribavirin study group. | to determine any long-term differences in adverse effects and pulmonary function between infants with respiratory syncytial virus and lower respiratory tract infection who were treated with ribavirin and a control group. | 1999 | 10323626 |
| impact of respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin in 1996-1997: a local controlled comparison. | immune globulin containing high titers of neutralizing antibodies specific for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is clinically used to prevent hospitalizations for rsv-related respiratory infections among high-risk infants. however, recommendations regarding which patient populations should receive rsv immune globulin are inconsistent. | 1999 | 10323631 |
| evaluation of a nested reverse transcription-pcr assay based on the nucleoprotein gene for diagnosis of spontaneous and experimental bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections. | the first nested reverse transcription (rt)-pcr based on the nucleoprotein gene (n rt-pcr-n) of the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) has been developed and optimized for the detection of brsv in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells of calves. this test is characterized by a low threshold of detection (0.17 pfu/ml), which is 506 times lower than that obtained by an enzyme immunosorbent assay (eia) test (rsv testpack abbott). during an experimental infection of 17 immunocompetent calves les ... | 1999 | 10325337 |
| effects of humanization by variable domain resurfacing on the antiviral activity of a single-chain antibody against respiratory syncytial virus. | hnk20 is a mouse monoclonal iga that binds to the f glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and neutralizes the virus, both in vitro and in vivo. the single-chain antibody fragment (scfv) derived from hnk20 is equally active and has allowed us to assess rapidly the effect of mutations on affinity and antiviral activity. humanization by variable domain resurfacing requires that surface residues not normally found in a human fv be mutated to the expected human amino acid, thereby elimina ... | 1999 | 10325407 |
| surfactant administration in severe hypoxic respiratory failure due to respiratory syncytial virus. | 1999 | 10326183 | |
| -prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection-. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is responsible for annual outbreaks of severe respiratory disease among infants. its prevention has been considered for many years but the first vaccination trials resulted in diseases of increased severity. new vaccines are in progress with promising results, although their efficacy in the presence of maternal antibodies, and their tolerance in very young babies, remain to be demonstrated. concerning passive immunization, intravenous anti-rsv immunoglobulins ha ... | 1998 | 10328005 |
| synergistic effects of concurrent challenge with bovine respiratory syncytial virus and 3-methylindole in calves. | to evaluate the potential synergy between bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and 3-methylindole (3mi) in inducing respiratory disease in cattle. | 1999 | 10328425 |
| absence of lung immunopathology following respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) challenge in mice immunized with a recombinant rsv g protein fragment. | the relative immunopathogenic potential of a recombinant fusion protein incorporating residues 130-230 of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv-a) g protein (bbg2na), formalin-inactivated rsv-a (fi-rsv), and phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) was investigated in mice after immunization and rsv challenge. fi-rsv priming resulted in massive infiltration of b cells and activated cd4(+) and cd8(+) t lymphocytes in mediastinal lymph nodes (mln) and lungs, where eosinophilia and elevated ifn-gamma, il-2, -4, ... | 1999 | 10329575 |
| clinical impact of preoperative respiratory syncytial virus testing. | the purpose of this study was to determine if preoperative assessment (i.e., physical examination and history review) of pediatric patients can predict positive test results for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, surgery cancellations, and adverse anesthetic outcomes. approximately 400 pediatric patients were identified for the study from infection control statistics and classified by rsv test result and surgery cancellation status into three groups for analyses. researchers analyzed r ... | 1999 | 10332554 |
| a novel and effective intranasal immunization strategy for respiratory syncytial virus. | in designing subunit vaccination strategies for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), immunization by mucosal routes may present a realistic alternative to parenteral administration for inducing protective immune responses. to this end, we have utilized the balb/c mouse model and an adjuvant formulation containing caprylic/capric glycerides (ccg) and polyoxyethylene-20-sorbitan monolaurate (ps). the intranasal (i.n.) delivery of purified natural f protein (3 microg per vaccine) formulated with ccg- ... | 1999 | 10333241 |
| [broncho-alveolitis in infants. diagnosis and treatment]. | 1999 | 10337225 | |
| respiratory syncytial virus infects the bonnet monkey, macaca radiata. | the bonnet monkey model of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection may be a useful nonhuman primate model for studying rsv disease in humans because bonnet monkeys can predictably be infected to obtain an orderly sequence of morphologic, cytologic, virologic, serologic, and inflammatory changes related to time of infection. young feral bonnet monkeys, macaca radiata, were infected endotracheally with 10(6) plaque-forming units (pfu) of the long strain of rsv. rsv was recovered from the anima ... | 1999 | 10347274 |
| phenylephrine hydrochloride nose drops in adjunctive treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | 1999 | 10349087 | |
| [detection of respiratory syncytial virus using immunohistochemistry. report of 53 cases of sudden infant death]. | we analyzed 53 cases of sudden infant death to detect immunohistochemical expression of respiratory syncytial virus on pulmonary sections. the virus was identified in 7 cases. the immunohistochemical staining was intracytoplasmic and mainly observed in bronchioles. among these 7 cases, 6 showed severe pulmonary lesions which were assumed to be accountable for decrease. the inflammatory lesions related to respiratory syncytial virus were diffuse, located with the same intensity to either bronchi, ... | 1999 | 10349473 |
| association of radiologically ascertained pneumonia before age 3 yr with asthmalike symptoms and pulmonary function during childhood: a prospective study. | epidemiologic evidence suggests an association between reports of pneumonia in early life and the subsequent development of diminished lung function. however, no studies are available in which the diagnosis of pneumonia was based on radiologic evidence. lower respiratory illnesses with or without a radiologically confirmed diagnosis of pneumonia were assessed in a study of 888 children enrolled at birth. pulmonary function tests, markers of atopy, asthma diagnosis, and prevalence of respiratory ... | 1999 | 10351936 |
| respiratory syncytical virus-induced chemokine expression in the lower airways: eosinophil recruitment and degranulation. | characterization of chemokine expression patterns in virus-infected epithelial cells provides important clues to the pathophysiology of such infections. the aim of this study was to determine the chemokine response pattern of respiratory epithelium when infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). macrophage inflammatory protein-1-alpha (mip-1-alpha), interleukin-8 (il-8), and rantes concentrations were measured from rsv-infected hep-2, mrc-5, and wi-38 cell culture supernatants daily follow ... | 1999 | 10351940 |
| analysis of ruminant respiratory syncytial virus isolates by rnase protection of the g glycoprotein transcripts. | two different respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) radiolabeled probes were used to characterize the genetic heterogeneity of 25 ruminant rsv isolates by the ribonuclease protection assay. a 32p-radiolabeled antisense rna probe was transcribed from cloned ovine and bovine rsv g glycoprotein genes and then hybridized with total rna isolated from infected cells with various ruminant rsv isolates. the results of this study, along with previously published nucleotide sequence data of the ovine rsv g gl ... | 1999 | 10353351 |
| a direct comparison of the activities of two humanized respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibodies: medi-493 and rshzl9. | two humanized monoclonal antibodies, medi-493 and rshz19, were developed independently as potential improvements over rsv-igiv for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. rsv-igiv is a polyclonal human antibody preparation for intravenous infusion enriched for rsv neutralizing activity. a phase iii clinical trial showed that medi-493 significantly reduced hospitalizations due to rsv infection. in a separate trial, rshz19 failed to show significant efficacy. in new studies, the ... | 1999 | 10353858 |
| severe respiratory syncytial virus disease in alaska native children. rsv alaska study group. | hospitalization rates for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection range from 1 to 20/1000 infants. to determine the rate and severity of rsv infections requiring hospitalization for infants in the yukon-kuskokwim (yk) delta of alaska, a 3-year prospective surveillance study was conducted. the annual rate of rsv hospitalization for yk delta infants <1 year of age was 53-249/1000. rsv infection was the most frequent cause of infant hospitalization. rsv disease severity did not differ among non ... | 1999 | 10353859 |
| [round table: urticaria in relation to infections]. | 1) to study the clinical and analytic features of infectious disease associated to urticaria in children. 2) to look into the probable etiology of the infectious disease. 3) to determine atopic predisposition and previous urticarial episodes and to rule out the involvement of antibiotics. | 1999 | 10354011 |
| crystal structure of two cd46 domains reveals an extended measles virus-binding surface. | measles virus is a paramyxovirus which, like other members of the family such as respiratory syncytial virus, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. the cell surface receptor for measles virus in humans is cd46, a complement cofactor. we report here the crystal structure at 3.1 a resolution of the measles virus-binding fragment of cd46. the structure reveals the architecture and spatial arrangement of two glycosylated short consensus repeats with a pronounced interdomain bend and ... | 1999 | 10357804 |
| viral infection modulates expression of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. | hypersensitivity pneumonitis (hp) is a granulomatous, inflammatory lung disease caused by inhalation of organic ags, most commonly thermophilic actinomycetes that cause farmer's lung disease. the early response to ag is an increase in neutrophils in the lung, whereas the late response is a typical th1-type granulomatous disease. many patients who develop disease report a recent viral respiratory infection. these studies were undertaken to determine whether viruses can augment the inflammatory re ... | 1999 | 10358192 |
| mixed respiratory viral infections in estonia: a long-term laboratory study. | during the period of 1981-1997, a total of 13,110 patients with acute respiratory viral infections were tested simultaneously for influenza virus a and b, parainfluenza, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. of 3,800 laboratory-confirmed cases mixed infections were established in average in 27%. the incidence varied in dependence on the season between 12% and 36%. all infections were involved in mixed infections, yet their participation greatly varied in different seasons. ... | 1998 | 10358749 |
| induction of antibody responses in the common mucosal immune system by respiratory syncytical virus immunostimulating complexes. | immunostimulating complexes (iscoms) containing envelope proteins of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were explored as a mucosal delivery system for the capacity of inducing a common mucosal antibody response. two intranasal (i.n.) administrations of balb/c mice with iscoms induced potent serum igg, and strong iga responses to rsv locally in the lungs and the upper respiratory, and remotely in the genital and the intestinal tracts. virtually no measurable iga response was found in these mucosal ... | 1999 | 10363675 |
| impact of palivizumab on expected costs of respiratory syncytial virus infection in preterm infants: potential for savings. | in its clinical assessment of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific monoclonal antibody palivizumab, the impact-rsv study group demonstrated a reduction in hospitalizations for rsv-related lower respiratory tract infection in infants who received prophylaxis compared with infants who did not receive prophylaxis. an assessment of the rsv-related expenses for managing both groups of infants is needed to provide insight into the value of prophylaxis. the present study was conducted to iden ... | 1999 | 10363740 |
| identification of multiple protective epitopes (protectopes) in the central conserved domain of a prototype human respiratory syncytial virus g protein. | a recombinant fusion protein (bbg2na) comprising the central conserved domain of the respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a (rsv-a) (long) g protein (residues 130 to 230) and an albumin binding domain of streptococcal protein g was shown previously to protect mouse upper (urt) and lower (lrt) respiratory tracts against intranasal rsv challenge (u. f. power, h. plotnicky-gilquin, t. huss, a. robert, m. trudel, s. stahl, m. uhlén, t. n. nguyen, and h. binz, virology 230:155-166, 1997). panels of m ... | 1999 | 10364313 |
| role of the m2-1 transcription antitermination protein of respiratory syncytial virus in sequential transcription. | m2-1 protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a transcription antitermination factor that is important for the efficient synthesis of full-length mrnas as well as for the synthesis of polycistronic readthrough mrnas, which are characteristic of nonsegmented negative-strand rna viruses. the contributions of these effects to rsv sequential transcription were investigated with minigenomes which contained one to five genes which were either foreign marker genes or authentic rsv genes. w ... | 1999 | 10364337 |
| investigation of seroprevalence of respiratory virus infections in an infant population with a multiantigen fluorescence immunoassay using heel-prick blood samples collected on filter paper. | respiratory viruses are an extremely common cause of childhood morbidity. however, the current seroprevalence of viruses in infant populations is difficult to establish because invasive venipuncture may be technically and ethically unacceptable. this prospective study aimed to establish the seroprevalence of respiratory viruses in an infant population by use of a novel multiantigen fluorescence immunoassay against common respiratory viruses, using heel-prick blood samples collected on filter pap ... | 1999 | 10367768 |
| pitfalls in laryngotracheal reconstruction. | to determine the causes of laryngotracheal reconstruction (ltr) failures. | 1999 | 10367921 |
| synergistic effect of immunization with a peptide cocktail inducing antibody, helper and cytotoxic t-cell responses on protection against respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) or neutralizing antibodies can protect against rsv infection when induced separately by immunization with synthetic peptides. in the work described here, rsv-specific neutralizing antibodies and ctls were induced after immunization with a cocktail of peptides consisting of a b-cell mimotope (s1s-map), a t-helper epitope (sh:45-60) and a ctl epitope linked to a fusion (f) peptide (f/m2:81-95) that were comparable to those in ... | 1999 | 10374957 |
| support plasmids and support proteins required for recovery of recombinant respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can be recovered from plasmids that separately encode antigenomic rna and the n, p, l, and m2-1 proteins of the nucleocapsid. however, in a recent study the inclusion of a separate m2-1 expression plasmid was found to be unnecessary (h. jin, d. clarke, h. zhou, x. cheng, k. coelingh, m. bryant, and s. li, virology 1998, 251, 206-214). this suggested that the m2-1 protein, which is a transcription antitermination factor, is not required to reconstitute the minimu ... | 1999 | 10388648 |
| monoclonal antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus. | 1999 | 10391187 | |
| childhood community-acquired pneumonia. | much of what we know about childhood community-acquired pneumonia in developed countries comes from studies in europe, where approximately 2.5 million cases of childhood pneumonia occur yearly. streptococcus pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and respiratory syncytial virus are the most common causative agents. blood culture is seldom positive and mortality is very low in developed countries. tachypnea and crackles on auscultation are the major findings suggesting pneumonia, but their sensitivit ... | 1999 | 10391410 |
| efficacy of directigen rsv testing in patient management following admission from a paediatric emergency department. | we investigated the use of the directigen respiratory syncytial virus test performed under 'stat laboratory' conditions, in the management of infants after admission from the paediatric emergency department (ed). the study group consisted of 242 consecutive paediatric ed patients tested by directigen in the stat laboratory during the winter 1995-1996 respiratory virus season. specimens were submitted to the virology laboratory for confirmatory consensus testing utilizing in part, an in-house mul ... | 1999 | 10392339 |
| [advances in the study of pediatric infectious diseases]. | 1999 | 10394199 | |
| human monoclonal antibodies isolated from spontaneous epstein-barr virus-transformed tumors of hu-spl-scid mice and specific for fusion protein display broad neutralizing activity toward respiratory syncytial virus. | two human monoclonal antibodies, rf-1 and rf-2, specifically recognize the fusion protein of the human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). these were isolated from spontaneous tumors in scid mice reconstituted with human splenocytes and boosted with fusion protein. the tumors consisted of epstein-barr virus-transformed human b cells in animals with antigen-specific antibody titers>105. the binding affinity of rf-1 and rf-2 to the fusion protein is 1010 and 109 m-1, respectively. the antibodies bi ... | 1999 | 10395839 |
| intranasal antibody prophylaxis for protection against viral disease. | for more than a century, antibody has been used for passive parenteral immunization against viral and bacterial pathogens. this approach has been successful for prevention of viral respiratory infection and has led to testing of intranasal or aerosol delivery of antibody to passively immunize the respiratory tract mucosal surface. mucosal delivery may be advantageous because it allows the antibody to neutralize the virus particles before they initiate infection and because it concentrates the an ... | 1999 | 10398671 |
| induction of th-1 and th-2 responses by respiratory syncytial virus attachment glycoprotein is epitope and major histocompatibility complex independent. | in balb/c mice, sensitization to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) attachment (g) glycoprotein leads to the development of lung eosinophilia upon challenge infection with rsv, a pathology indicative of a strong in vivo induction of a th-2-type response. in this study, we found that a strong, rsv g-specific, th-1-type cytokine response occurred simultaneously with a th-2-type response in g-primed mice after rsv challenge. both th-1 and th-2 effector cd4(+) t cells recognized a single immunodomina ... | 1999 | 10400756 |
| identification of a linear heparin binding domain for human respiratory syncytial virus attachment glycoprotein g. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children worldwide. infection is mediated, in part, by an initial interaction between attachment protein (g) and a highly sulfated heparin-like glycosaminoglycan (gag) located on the cell surface. synthetic overlapping peptides derived from consensus sequences of the g protein ectodomain from both rsv subgroups a and b were tested by heparin-agarose affinity chromatography for their abi ... | 1999 | 10400758 |
| viral aetiology of lower respiratory tract infection in young malaysian children. | to study the viral aetiology of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in young malaysian children. | 1999 | 10404452 |
| attenuation of the recombinant human parainfluenza virus type 3 cp45 candidate vaccine virus is augmented by importation of the respiratory syncytial virus cpts530 l polymerase mutation. | a phenylalanine to leucine mutation at position 521 in the l polymerase of cpts530, a live-attenuated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) cold-passaged (cp), temperature-sensitive (ts) candidate vaccine, specifies the ts and attenuation (att) phenotypes. sequence alignment of this region in the l proteins of several distantly related paramyxoviruses revealed that this phenylalanine is conserved. using reverse genetics, the analogous phenylalanine at position 456 in the l protein of wild-type piv3 ... | 1999 | 10405364 |
| detection of respiratory syncytial virus in samples frozen at -20 degrees c. | 1999 | 10408962 | |
| treatment of rsv pneumonia in adults--evidence of ribavirin effectiveness? | 1999 | 10410189 | |
| macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha and rantes are present in nasal secretions during ongoing upper respiratory tract infection. | macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (mip-1alpha) and rantes (regulated upon activation, normal t-cell expressed and secreted) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) from virus-infected respiratory cell culture supernatants and from 100 nasal wash samples obtained from patients aged 8 d to 10 yr. the results of the nasal wash samples were analyzed in relation to the etiology of the viral infection. in vitro, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) induced the production of mip-1a ... | 1999 | 10410916 |
| involvement of caveolae in the uptake of respiratory syncytial virus antigen by dendritic cells. | the uptake of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigen by cattle dendritic cells was investigated. pathways of antigen uptake were monitored by flow cytometry using specific tracers and by proliferation assays, which were used to measure the presentation of rsv antigen and ovalbumin. inhibitors that differentially affected pathways were used to distinguish them. presentation of rsv antigen, but not ovalbumin, was inhibited by phorbol myristate acetate and filipin, which have been reported to in ... | 1999 | 10410989 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection of human respiratory epithelial cells enhances inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression. | the induction kinetics of the mrna of interferon regulatory factor 1 (irf-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos), and proinflammatory cytokines in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected human type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (a549 cells) were analyzed semiquantitatively by rt-pcr. rsv enhanced irf-1 and inos mrna expression as early as 4 h after rsv infection and this enhancement lasted several hours. no ifn-gamma gene expression was observed during the whole course of the infection. exp ... | 1999 | 10410996 |
| surfactant replacement therapy in rsv-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). | acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) associated with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection is rare. we report a 5-month-old indian girl who was admitted to our intensive care ward with severe respiratory failure who fulfilled the criteria for ards using both murray's lung injury score of > 2.5 and the american-european consensus conference definition for ards. she developed diffuse bilateral alveolar infiltrates, severe hypoxaemia (pao2/fio2 < 100) and required high peep (> 15 cm h2 ... | 1999 | 10414173 |
| clinical and epidemiological aspects of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infections. | this paper has analyzed respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infections in 201 hospitalized children. in children with wheezing, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (esr) was significantly higher in those with pneumonia than with syndroma pertussis, while the white blood cell (wbc) count was significantly lower in patients with bronchitis than in those with bronchiolitis and syndroma pertussis. bronchodilatators were applied in 75.6% and corticosteroids in 20% of patients. ten patients ... | 1999 | 10414377 |
| effect of respiratory syncytial virus on subsequent allergic sensitization to ovalbumin in guinea-pigs. | children with acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis often develop recurrent wheezing, asthma and allergic sensitization, but the role of rsv in the pathogenesis of these sequelae is unclear. this study examined whether rsv infection potentiates subsequent allergic sensitization, airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) and airway inflammation induced by repeated exposures to aerosolized ovalbumin (oa) in guinea-pigs. guinea-pigs received either rsv or sham inoculum, followed by exposures ... | 1999 | 10414392 |
| phenotypic analysis of local cellular responses in calves infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | changes in lymphocyte subsets in the trachea, pulmonary tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage (bal), peripheral blood and bronchial lymph node (bln) of gnotobiotic calves infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) were analysed by flow cytometry. following brsv infection, virus titres in the nasopharynx reached a peak between days 5 and 7 and infection was resolving from day 10. although calves did not develop signs of clinical respiratory disease, there was evidence of gross pneumonia and ... | 1999 | 10419349 |
| bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cellularity and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in children with colds. | viral colds are an important cause of respiratory symptoms in normal children. studies in adults suggest that inflammation in the lower respiratory tract is associated with viral colds, but there are no data regarding inflammation and viral infection in the lower airway of normal children with colds. we, therefore, studied the lower airway of two groups of children: group i, those with active coryzal symptoms and a respiratory virus isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf); and group ii ... | 1999 | 10423310 |
| respiratory system mechanics in patients receiving aerosolized ribavirin during mechanical ventilation for suspected respiratory syncytial viral infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important respiratory pathogen for infants. aerosolized ribavirin (ar) has been used in mechanically ventilated (mv) patients with rsv bronchiolitis. the purpose of this study was to measure respiratory system mechanics (rsm) in pediatric patients requiring mv and receiving ar for suspected rsv. patients were prospectively randomized to receive ar, either at a regular dose (rd) (6 g/300 ml over 18 hr/day) or a high dose (hd) (6 g/100 ml over 2 hr, three ti ... | 1999 | 10423311 |
| near patient testing for respiratory syncytial virus in paediatric accident and emergency: prospective pilot study. | 1999 | 10426738 | |
| near patient test for respiratory syncytial virus identifies positive cases | 1999 | 10426778 | |
| [vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus]. | 1999 | 10429808 | |
| [coincidental outbreaks of rotavirus and respiratory syncytial virus in paris: a survey from 1993 to 1998]. | in a pediatric hospital of paris, from 1993 to 1998, respiratory secretions were positive for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in 26.3% of 4,738 children (0-5 years) examined or hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infections. rotavirus detection was positive in stools of 23.7% of the 8,537 children of the same age with acute diarrhea. | 1999 | 10429813 |
| the rsv-asthma link: the emerging story. introduction. | 1999 | 10431131 | |
| respiratory syncytial virus: a continuing culprit and conundrum. | for more than 4 decades, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been recognized as a worldwide pathogen of import. in the united states alone, approximately 91,000 infants are hospitalized with rsv infections yearly, at an estimated annual cost of at least 300 million dollars. the burden of rsv infections is even greater if outpatient visits for children and adults and rsv morbidity in patients with underlying conditions are included. obstacles to controlling rsv remain appreciable and challengin ... | 1999 | 10431132 |
| epidemiologic evidence of increased airway reactivity in children with a history of bronchiolitis. | airway hyper-responsiveness, or hyper-reactivity, can be identified on clinical evaluation in a number of ways, including a history of wheezing, physician-diagnosed asthma, or the bronchial response to challenge with nonspecific stimuli such as methacholine or histamine. however, wheezing and the responses to these stimuli are not uniform within or across individuals, and in the general population there is a wide range of bronchial responsiveness that follows a normal distribution. airway hyper- ... | 1999 | 10431133 |
| neural control mechanisms within airways: disruption by respiratory syncytial virus. | among the factors influencing airway function are neural control mechanisms, including adrenergic, cholinergic, nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory, and nonadrenergic noncholinergic excitatory pathways. respiratory infections affect these pathways in ways that are not entirely clear. | 1999 | 10431135 |
| pulmonary function changes in children after respiratory syncytial virus infection in infancy. | during the last 20 years, an association between respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis or pneumonia in infants and abnormal pulmonary function later in childhood has been established. study designs have varied considerably, but most investigators have used an observational approach in which children with early bronchiolitis or pneumonia are identified and pulmonary function is measured later in childhood. decreased forced expiratory flows at mid-lung volumes and increased airway reacti ... | 1999 | 10431136 |
| effect of pneumonia in childhood on adult lung function. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a major health burden. evidence that childhood lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) is associated with reduced adult lung function and thereby with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease comes from 3 sources. first, studies of children hospitalized with specific lrtis, for example, as a result of respiratory syncytial virus, show reduced lung function 7 to 10 years later, but many have diagnostic and referral biases. second, population studies show tha ... | 1999 | 10431137 |
| prevention strategies for respiratory syncytial virus: passive and active immunization. | prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease may ultimately be possible with active immunization, although no vaccine is currently available. formalin-inactivated rsv vaccine caused serious disease in some recipients re-exposed to rsv, which slowed vaccine development. current rsv vaccine candidates include rsv fusion protein vaccines, chimeric fusion protein-glycoprotein vaccines, and various live, attenuated rsv vaccines. rsv vaccines may be problematic in very young infants and new ... | 1999 | 10431138 |
| management strategies for respiratory syncytial virus infections in infants. | management of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection in infants is predominantly supportive and symptomatic. outpatient management requires close attention to feeding, oral hydration, and monitoring of fever, behavior, and respiratory effort. in the small proportion of patients who need hospitalization, clinicians are concerned primarily with oxygenation and the possibility of oxygen desaturation. appropriate interventions depend on the level of oxygenation as indicated by ... | 1999 | 10431139 |
| mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus infection to evaluate antiviral activity in vivo. | in this study, we have developed a practical mouse model for evaluating in vivo the antiviral activity of compounds against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. balb/c mice are not particularly susceptible to rsv infection; however, infection rates were improved by pretreatment with the immunosuppressive agent cyclophosphamide (cyp). when mice were inoculated intranasally with rsv a2 strain, the pulmonary rsv titres of cyp-pretreated 10-week-old mice were higher than those of untreated 1 ... | 1999 | 10431613 |
| effect of nitrogen dioxide on respiratory viral infection in airway epithelial cells. | nitrogen dioxide (no(2)) is a common air pollutant outdoors and indoors in homes with unvented combustion sources. it is also a constituent of tobacco smoke. epidemiological studies suggest that children exposed to no(2), or living with smoking parents, have an increased incidence of respiratory viral infections. the most common virus causing severe respiratory symptoms in infants and young children is respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). in the present study we investigated whether no(2) exposure ... | 1999 | 10433848 |
| effectiveness of rsvig prophylaxis and therapy of respiratory syncytial virus in an immunosuppressed animal model. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has emerged as a leading cause of pneumonia, with high mortality, in bone marrow transplant (bmt) recipients, as well as in other profoundly immunocompromised patients, such as myelosuppressed adults with leukemia. we tested the efficacy of immunoglobulin with high anti-rsv neutralizing antibody levels (rsvig) for prophylaxis and therapy of rsv infection in cotton rats undergoing prolonged immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide. these animals experience persist ... | 1999 | 10435733 |
| infection with respiratory syncytial virus and water-soluble components of cigarette smoke alter production of tumour necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide by human blood monocytes. | cigarette smoke and virus infections contribute to the pathogenesis and exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. the objective of this study was to examine the effects of a water-soluble cigarette smoke extract (cse) and/or respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection on release from monocytes of the blood from donors of tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) and nitric oxide (no). both rsv infection and cse stimulated tnf-alpha release from monocytes and there was an a ... | 1999 | 10435757 |
| [subtypes of respiratory syncytial viruses]. | antigenically the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is of two types: a and b. five structural proteins express virus type differences. antigenic and genetic differences among individual strains of the same virus type are classed accordingly by monoclonal antibody reactivity into antigenic subtypes; for nucleotide sequence and restriction maps of individual gene polymerase chain reaction products they have different genetic categories: shl 1-6, np 1-6. still unproved is the association between th ... | 1999 | 10437359 |
| bovine interleukin-12 and modulation of ifngamma production. | the effects of il-12 on the responses of cattle peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) antigen and ovalbumin (ova) were tested, in vitro. il-12 did not affect the proliferative responses of pbmc to these antigens but markedly accelerated and augmented the level of ifngamma secreted. when tested on lymphoblasts rather than resting t-cells il-12 also enhanced proliferation. in contrast il-4 and, to greater extent, il-10 inhibited the response. the ef ... | 1999 | 10438320 |
| prophylaxis with respiratory syncytial virus f-specific humanized monoclonal antibody delays and moderately suppresses the native antibody response but does not impair immunity to late rechallenge. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most significant viral cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and children. this study tested the hypothesis that a humanized murine monoclonal antibody (mab) would protect against rsv infection in mice and have minimal suppressive effect upon the immune response because it is directed against a single epitope. a humanized murine mab (rshz19) was tested for both prophylaxis and treatment of rsv infection in balb/c mice and compared with a pol ... | 1999 | 10438358 |
| vaccination with pertussis toxin alters the antibody response to simultaneous respiratory syncytial virus challenge. | many bacterial toxins, including pertussis toxin (pt), exert potent adjuvant effects on antibody synthesis to coadministered antigens. in these studies, we examined whether locally or peripherally administered pt similarly altered the antibody isotype selection to replicating virus after intranasal (inl) challenge. mice primed intramuscularly with pt and inl with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) produced rsv-specific antibodies of the igg2a isotype at a level similar to that of unprimed control ... | 1999 | 10438359 |
| respiratory syncytial virus g and/or sh protein alters th1 cytokines, natural killer cells, and neutrophils responding to pulmonary infection in balb/c mice. | balb/c mice sensitized to vaccinia virus expressed g protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) develop a th2-type cytokine response and pulmonary eosinophilia when challenged with live rsv. in this study, balb/c mice were immunized or challenged with an rsv mutant lacking the g and sh proteins or with dna vaccines coding for rsv g or f protein. f or g protein dna vaccines were capable of sensitizing for pulmonary eosinophilia. the absence of the g and/or sh protein in the infecting virus resu ... | 1999 | 10438795 |
| rhoa interacts with the fusion glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus and facilitates virus-induced syncytium formation. | the fusion glycoprotein (f) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), which mediates membrane fusion and virus entry, was shown to bind rhoa, a small gtpase, in yeast two-hybrid interaction studies. the interaction was confirmed in vivo by mammalian two-hybrid assay and in rsv-infected hep-2 cells by coimmunoprecipitation. furthermore, the interaction of f with rhoa was confirmed in vitro by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and biomolecular interaction analysis. yeast two-hybrid interaction studies ... | 1999 | 10438814 |
| exposure to cigarette smoke, a major risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome: effects of cigarette smoke on inflammatory responses to viral infection and bacterial toxins. | exposure to cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome and also for respiratory infections in children. it has been suggested that toxigenic bacteria colonizing the respiratory tract might play a role in some cases of sudden infant death syndrome and nicotine has been demonstrated to enhance the lethality of bacterial toxins in a model system. pyrogenic toxins of staphylococcus aureus have been identified in tissues of infants who died of sudden infant death syndrome ... | 1999 | 10443503 |
| antigenic and genetic characterization of twenty-six strains of human respiratory syncytial virus (subgroup a) isolated during three consecutive outbreaks in havana city, cuba. | twenty-six human respiratory syncytial virus strains (subgroup a) isolated from three outbreaks in havana city during the period 1994/95, 1995/96 and 1996/97 were analyzed to determine their antigenic and genetic relationships. analyses were performed by monoclonal antibodies and restriction mapping (n gene) following amplification of the select region of the virus genome by polymerase chain reaction. all isolated strains were classified as subgroup a by monoclonal antibodies and they showed a r ... | 1999 | 10446003 |
| another complication of ribavirin therapy in a mechanically ventilated neonate. | a critical incident is reported in which ribavirin administered from a small particle aerosol generator (spag) into a ventilator circuit became deposited around the humidifier temperature probe with the consequence that it became thermally insulated. this caused overheating of the humidifier and the potential for thermal injury to the respiratory tract. the circuit for aerosolized ribavirin administration is described and modifications suggested to avoid crystal precipitation within the circuit. | 1999 | 10447911 |
| intravenous ribavirin for infant bronchiolitis. | 1999 | 10450218 | |
| association of fever and severe clinical course in bronchiolitis. | little attention has been given to the relation between fever and the severity of bronchiolitis. therefore, the relation between fever and the clinical course of 90 infants (59 boys, 31 girls) hospitalised during one season with bronchiolitis was studied prospectively. fever (defined as a single recording > 38.0 degrees c or two successive recording > 37.8 degrees c) was present in 28 infants. these infants were older (mean age, 5.3 v 4.0 months), had a longer mean hospital stay (4.2 v 2.7 days) ... | 1999 | 10451396 |
| respiratory syncytial virus stimulates neutrophil degranulation and chemokine release. | neutrophil infiltration of the airways is a common finding in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. neutrophil-derived chemokines and neutrophil granule contents can cause further inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and damage of the airways. in this study, peripheral blood neutrophils incubated with rsv (multiplicity of infection (moi) = 10) induced il-8, macrophage inflammatory protein (mip)-1alpha, mip-1beta, and myeloperoxidase (mpo) release. in contrast, lps induced only chemokine ... | 1999 | 10453026 |