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effects of personality and rearing-history on the welfare of captive asiatic lions (panthera leo persica).the long-term success of ex-situ conservation programmes depends on species-appropriate husbandry and enrichment practices complemented by an accurate welfare assessment protocol. zoos and conservation breeding programmes should employ a bottom-up approach to account for intraspecific variations in measures of animal welfare. we studied 35 (14:21) captive asiatic lions in sakkarbaug zoological garden, junagadh, india to understand the implications of individual variations on welfare measures. we ...202032071803
spatially explicit density and its determinants for asiatic lions in the gir forests.asiatic lions (panthera leo persica) are an icon of conservation success, yet their status is inferred from total counts that cannot account for detection bias and double counts. with an effort of 4,797 km in 725 km2 of western gir protected area, india, we used polygon search based spatially explicit capture recapture framework to estimate lion density. using vibrissae patterns and permanent body marks we identified 67 lions from 368 lion sightings. we conducted distance sampling on 35 transect ...202032074110
pinnipeds orient and control their whiskers: a study on pacific walrus, california sea lion and harbor seal.whisker touch is an active sensory system. previous studies in pinnipeds have adopted relatively stationary tasks to judge tactile sensitivity, which may not accurately promote natural whisker movements and behaviours. this study developed a novel feeding task, termed fish sweeping to encourage whisker movements. head and whisker movements were tracked from video footage in harbor seal (phoca vitulina), california sea lion (zalophus californianus) and pacific walrus (odobenus rosmarus divergens) ...202032077991
leptospirosis in cats: current literature review to guide diagnosis and management.leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis worldwide. mammals (eg, rats, horses, cows, pigs, dogs, cats and aquatic species, such as sea lions and northern elephant seals) can all be infected by leptospires. infection in animals occurs through contact with urine or water contaminated with the bacteria. in people, the disease is acquired mainly from animal sources or through recreational activities in contaminated water.202032093581
conservation prioritization can resolve the flagship species conundrum.conservation strategies based on charismatic flagship species, such as tigers, lions, and elephants, successfully attract funding from individuals and corporate donors. however, critics of this species-focused approach argue it wastes resources and often does not benefit broader biodiversity. if true, then the best way of raising conservation funds excludes the best way of spending it. here we show that this conundrum can be resolved, and that the flagship species approach does not impede cost-e ...202032094329
nitrate sources and the effect of land cover on the isotopic composition of nitrate in the catchment of the rhône river.the rhône river originates in the high alps and drains an intensely cultivated and industrialised catchment before it discharges to the gulf of lion. we investigated the interaction of catchment geomorphology with nitrate sources (atmosphere, agriculture, and nitrification of soil organic matter) and removal processes in large and diverse watersheds on the basis of dual nitrate isotope signatures in river water.in march 2015, we took surface water samples along the rhône river, including its mai ...202032098505
stroke effort and relative lung volume influence heart rate in diving sea lions.the dive response, bradycardia (decreased heart rate) and peripheral vasoconstriction, is the key mechanism allowing breath-hold divers to perform long-duration dives while actively swimming and hunting prey. this response is variable and modulated by factors such as dive duration, depth, exercise and cognitive control. this study assessed the potential role of exercise and relative lung volume in the regulation of heart rate (fh) during dives of adult female california sea lions instrumented wi ...202032098880
oral biosciences: the annual review 2019.journal of oral biosciences is devoted to the advancement and dissemination of fundamental knowledge concerning every aspect of oral biosciences.202032109566
patient safety and the annulment of medical clearance exams for hearing aids: are we "closing the book" too soon?to determine the utility of medical clearance exams by otolaryngologists prior to the distribution of hearing aids to patients with hearing loss.202032122676
mixed-species herding levels the landscape of fear.prey anti-predator behaviours are influenced by perceived predation risk in a landscape and social information gleaned from herd mates regarding predation risk. it is well documented that high-quality social information about risk can come from heterospecific herd mates. here, we integrate social information with the landscape of fear to quantify how these landscapes are modified by mixed-species herding. to do this, we investigated zebra vigilance in single- and mixed-species herds across diffe ...202032126952
individual behavioral differences and health of golden-headed lion tamarins (leontopithecus chrysomelas).individual behavioral differences may influence how animals cope with altered environments. depending on their behavioral traits, individuals may thus vary in how their health is affected by environmental conditions. we investigated the relationship between individual behavior of free-living golden-headed lion tamarins (leontopithecus chrysomelas) responding to a novel object (to assess exploration-avoidance), and their habitat use and health status (endoparasitism; clinical measures: biometric ...202032128855
spatio-temporal partitioning and coexistence between leopard (panthera pardus fusca) and asiatic lion (panthera leo persica) in gir protected area, gujarat, india.time and space are essential niche dimensions along which species tend to coexist. we assessed spatiotemporal resource partitioning between leopards and lions and hypothesized the differential use of spatiotemporal resources by leopards with respect to lions. we used a systematic camera trap survey to collect the data at 50 sites. the data were analyzed using overlap indices, and non-parametric test statistics to assess the spatiotemporal associations. leopard and lion were crepuscular and noctu ...202032160193
filarial infections in california sea lions vary spatially within the gulf of california, mexico.at least two species of filarial worms, dirofilaria immitis and acanthocheilonema (dipetalonema) odendhali, infect otariid pinnipeds, including the california sea lion (zalophus californianus). to date, evidence of infection in sea lions has come from dead or captive animals, and little is known about filariasis in free-living populations. we sampled 45 california sea lion adults and 197 pups captured at 12 rookeries from different ecological regions within the gulf of california and detected an ...202032166425
communicative challenges among physicians, patients, and family caregivers in cancer care: an exploratory qualitative study in ethiopia.cancer is a growing concern in ethiopia. though communication is essential for the treatment process, few studies have looked at communication in ethiopian cancer care. due to the large number of patients and scarcity of resources, it is vital to understand how to manage consultations in order to effectively help as many patients as possible in this challenging work environment. thus, research is needed to analyze and understand the communicative challenges experienced by physicians, patients, a ...202032168353
chimeras of p4-atpase and guanylate cyclase in pathogenic protists.apicomplexan parasites harbor chimeric proteins embodying p4-type atpase and guanylate cyclase domains. such proteins - serving as the actuator of cgmp signaling in this group of important pathogens - are indeed unusual in terms of their sheer size, modus operandi, and evolutionary repurposing. much like the mythological sphinx, a human-lion chimeric creature that posed challenging riddles, the p4-type atpase-guanylate cyclase chimeras present both structural and functional conundrums. here we r ...202032191852
eradication of posterior capsule opacification: documentation of a marked decrease in nd:yag laser posterior capsulotomy rates noted in an analysis of 5416 pseudophakic human eyes obtained postmortem.(1) to report the neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (nd:yag) laser posterior capsulotomy rate (%) of eight rigid and foldable intraocular lens (iol) designs in a series of 5416 pseudophakic human eyes obtained postmortem, accessioned in our center between january 1988 and january 2000. (2) to identify factors that are instrumental in reducing the incidence of posterior capsule opacification, (pco, secondary cataract) and hence the need for nd:yag laser posterior capsulotomy.202032200823
molecular characterization of human lung and liver cystic echinococcosis isolates in van province, turkey.cystic echinococcosis (ce) is a zoonotic infection and could lead to significant public health problems. the genetic diversity of ce includes five species: e. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) (g1-g3), echinococcus equinus (g4), echinococcus ortleppi (g5), echinococcus canadensis genotypic cluster (g6, g7, g8 and g10, with the doubtful g9) and the echinococcus felidis (lion strain). the species are important in epidemiology, pathology, control, prevention measures and vaccine/drug designs. the aim ...202032201196
a lion in the room: has the carolina trial definitely resolved the issue of the cardiovascular safety of sulfonylureas? 202032202061
accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation methods when targeting low myopia in monovision.to investigate the accuracy of iol power calculation methods for refractive targets of myopia compared with emmetropia.202032205728
occurrence and characterisation of tongue worms, linguatula spp., in south africa.a total of 509 mammalian vertebrates, belonging to 76 species, were examined for infection with pentastomid parasites. these animals were from 8 of the 9 provinces in south africa. linguatulid pentastomes were found only in 7 animals, specifically the african lion (n = 3) and african buffalo (n = 4). adult parasites were found in the lion but nymphs, of various stages, were found in the buffalo. a detailed morphological examination of adult parasites using both light and scanning electron micros ...202032211289
mycobacterial disease and subsequent diagnostic investigations in a group of captive pinnipeds in new zealand.this case series includes a single case of disseminated tuberculous disease due to mycobacterium pinnipedii in a new zealand fur seal (arctocephalus forsteri), which was being cared for by a zoo in new zealand. the remaining five pinnipeds in the colony underwent extensive mycobacterial disease surveillance over the following 4 yr, involving a total of 26 anesthetic procedures and numerous diagnostic tests that included comparative intradermal tuberculin skin tests, mycobacterial antibody serolo ...202032212561
genetic structure of mountain lion (puma concolor) populations in california.analysis of 12 microsatellite loci from431 mountain lions (puma concolor)revealed distinct genetic subdivision that wasassociated with geographic barriers andisolation by distance in california. levels ofgenetic variation differed among geographicregions, and mountain lions that inhabitedcoastal areas exhibited less heterozygositythan those sampled inland. the san franciscobay and sacramento-san joaquin river delta, thecentral valley, and the los angeles basinappeared to be substantial barriers ...200332214916
foraging behaviour of the south american sea lion (otaria byronia) in two disparate ecosystems assessed through blubber fatty acid analysis.fatty acids have been widely used as trophic biomarkers in marine mammals. however, for the south american sea lion, the most abundant otariid in the eastern south pacific, there is no information about blubber fatty acids and their link to diet. here, we compare fatty acid profiles of sea lions from two distinct oceanographic regions in northern and southern chile. their fatty acids vary greatly between regions, suggesting dietary differences at a spatial scale. the fatty acid c22:6ω3 was more ...202032235837
characterization of the first genome of porcine mastadenovirus b (hnu1 strain) and implications on its lymphoid and special origin.porcine adenoviruses (padvs) are classified into three species, padv-a, padv-b, and padv-c. the genomes of padv-a and padv-c have been well characterized. however, the genome of padv-b has never been completely sequenced, and the epidemiology of padv-b remains unclear. in our study, we have identified a novel strain of padv-b, named padv-b-hnu1, in porcine samples collected in china by viral metagenomic assay and general pcr. the genome of padv-b-hnu1 is 31,743 bp in length and highly similar to ...202032236817
relationship between mean volume voided and incontinence in children with overactive bladder treated with solifenacin: post hoc analysis of a phase 3 randomised clinical trial.this post hoc poisson regression analysis investigated the relationship between mean volume voided and incontinence episodes/24 h after fixed frequency adjustment in children with overactive bladder from the lion study, a phase 3, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, sequential, dose-titration solifenacin trial. patients were aged 5-< 12 years with ≥ 4 episodes of daytime incontinence during a 7-day pre-baseline diary period. the dependent variable was the mean number of incontinence ep ...202032239291
of lions, shar-pei, and doughnuts: a tale retold. 202032243515
"few" or "many"? an adaptation level theory account for flexibility in quantifier processing.quantifiers (e.g., "many," "some," "at least seven," "more than half") are words characterizing amounts or numerosities by reference to an internal threshold, or degree. for some quantifiers, this degree is not uniquely defined: it varies for external contexts ("many lions"/"many flies") but may also be shifted within an individual ("many fries" for a hungry/full person). previous studies showed that manipulation of the degree for one quantifier can impact that of other quantifiers. in this stud ...202032265772
assessing the performance of index calibration survey methods to monitor populations of wide-ranging low-density carnivores.apex carnivores are wide-ranging, low-density, hard to detect, and declining throughout most of their range, making population monitoring both critical and challenging. rapid and inexpensive index calibration survey (ics) methods have been developed to monitor large african carnivores. ics methods assume constant detection probability and a predictable relationship between the index and the actual population of interest. the precision and utility of the resulting estimates from ics methods have ...202032273986
investigating a simplified method for noninvasive genetic sampling in east african mammals using silica dried scat swabs.swabbing scat has proved to be an effective noninvasive method to collect dna from mammals in the field. previously, this method has relied on preservative liquids or freezing to preserve the dna collected on swabs. in this study, we determine the effectiveness of using silica to simply dry the swab in field as an alternative way to prevent dna degredation. four species were included in the study; reticulated giraffe, impala, fringe-eared oryx, and lion. swabs were taken at multiple time points ...202032273990
plasma concentrations of itraconazole following a single oral dose in juvenile california sea lions (zalophus californianus).the objective of this study was to establish a single-dose pharmacokinetic profile for orally administered itraconazole in california sea lions (zalophus californianus). twenty healthy rehabilitated juvenile california sea lions were included in this study. itraconazole capsules were administered orally with food at a target dose of 5-10 mg/kg. blood samples were collected from each animal at 0 hr and at two of the following timepoints: 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hr. quantitative ana ...202032286696
infectious diseases subdue serengeti lions. 200932287344
outcome of intravitreal bevacizumab injection without pre and postoperative antibiotics.intravitreal injections are the most common treatment modality for several retinal pathologies. despite endophthalmitis being the most feared complication, antibioprophylaxis remains controversial in intravitreal injections.202032293351
methyl mercury (mehg) in vitro exposure alters mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine expression in steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus) pups.steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus, ssls) are managed as two distinct population segments within u.s. waters: the endangered western distinct population segment and the recently delisted eastern distinct population segment. recent studies reported concentrations of mercury in several tissues collected from young ssls in the aleutian islands that were at or above concentrations found to negatively impact health in other fish-eating mammals. however, there are limited studies which have investi ...202032302832
prevalence and distribution of echinococcus spp. in wild and domestic animals across africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.cystic echinococcosis (ce), a worldwide zoonosis, is highly prevalent in africa particularly in northern and eastern africa where data are more abundant than other regions. however, harmonization of available data through systematic review and meta-analysis may foster improved transboundary cooperation for the control of ce in africa. using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines, research articles (from 2000 to 2019) were retrieved from sciencedirect, p ...202032304141
cross-species transmission and evolutionary dynamics of canine distemper virus during a spillover in african lions of serengeti national park.the outcome of pathogen spillover from a reservoir to a novel host population can range from a "dead-end" when there is no onward transmission in the recipient population, to epidemic spread and even establishment in new hosts. understanding the evolutionary epidemiology of spillover events leading to discrete outcomes in novel hosts is key to predicting risk and can lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms of emergence. here we use a bayesian phylodynamic approach to examine cross-speci ...202032306443
drivers of foot-and-mouth disease in cattle at wild/domestic interface: insights from farmers, buffalo and lions.humans live increasingly in the proximity of natural areas, leading to increased interactions between people, their livestock and wildlife.201732313434
predation of treefrogs (anura: hylidae) with toxic skin secretions by the black lion tamarin (leontopithecus chrysopygus, callitrichinae).we report on the predation of a veined treefrog (trachycephalus venulosus) and an ocellated treefrog (itapotihyla langsdorffii), both species with noxious skin secretions, by black lion tamarins (leontopithecus chrysopygus). the two predation events took place in morro do diabo state park, an atlantic forest reserve in southeastern brazil. the veined treefrog was removed from a tree hollow by an adult male, whereas the ocellated treefrog was caught on the ground after it jumped from the tree att ...202032314172
is covid-19 the first pandemic that evolves into a panzootic?sars-cov-2 is a zoonotic virus that has achieved community spread among humans and become a pandemic. transmission from humans to dogs, domestic cats, tigers, and lions has occurred. pigs, cats, ferrets, and primates have been identified as good candidates for susceptibility to sars-cov-2. the potential implications indicate the need for one health surveillance, intervention, and management strategies to mitigate the effects on animal populations and prevent a second preparedness failure during ...202032315124
lions panthera leo prefer killing certain cattle bos taurus types.lion predation on cattle causes severe human-wildlife conflict that results in retaliatory persecution throughout the lion's geographic range. cattle closely resemble the body size, shape, and herding patterns of preferred lion prey species. we studied cattle depredation patterns in botswana's okavango delta and tested whether lions exhibited specific preferences based on cattle demographic characteristics (sex and age), as well as morphological traits (body mass, horn length, and pelage pattern ...202032316176
optimal feature selection for big data classification: firefly with lion-assisted model.in this article, the proposed method develops a big data classification model with the aid of intelligent techniques. here, the parallel pool map reduce framework is used for handling big data. the model involves three main phases, namely (1) feature extraction, (2) optimal feature selection, and (3) classification. for feature extraction, the well-known feature extraction techniques such as principle component analysis, linear discriminate analysis, and linear square regression are used. since ...202032319798
studbook and molecular analyses for the endangered black-lion-tamarin; an integrative approach for assessing genetic diversity and driving management in captivity.breeding strategies based on molecular markers have been adopted by ex-situ conservation programs to assess alternative parameters for the genetic diversity estimates. in this work we evaluated molecular and studbook data for captive populations of black-lion-tamarin (blt), an endangered primate endemic to brazil's atlantic forest. pedigree analyses were performed using blt studbook information collected from 1973 to 2018. we analyzed the whole captive population since its foundation; the curren ...202032321949
serosurvey of mountain lions in southern arizona.an understanding of the prevalence of diseases in free-ranging populations of felids is limited, and there is even less known about the overall health and diseases of wild felids that inhabit or utilize urban areas. we collected serum samples from 9 radiocollared mountain lions (puma concolor) in the mountains surrounding tucson, arizona, usa, from august 2005 to august 2008. we tested serum samples for evidence of exposure to 10 feline viruses: feline calicivirus (fcv), feline herpesvirus, feli ...201232327861
bowman's layer in the cornea- structure and function and regeneration.bowman's layer lies immediately posterior to the epithelial basement membrane (ebm) and anterior to the stroma proper in humans, chickens, quail, zebra fish, deer, giraffe, antelope, california sea lions, guinea pig and several other species. it is not found in dog, wolf, cat, tiger, lions, rabbit, pigs, cows, goats, or horses. developmental anomalies of bowman's layer are rare, but acquired damage to bowman's layer, or even complete destruction, is frequently seen in advanced bullous keratopath ...202032339517
artist's statement: tooth of the lion. 202032345882
maternal-fetal disposition of domoic acid following repeated oral dosing during pregnancy in nonhuman primate.domoic acid (da) is a marine algal toxin that causes acute and chronic neurotoxicity in animals and humans. prenatal exposure to da has been associated with neuronal damage and cognitive and behavioral deficits in juvenile california sea lions, cynomolgus monkeys and rodents. yet, the toxicokinetics (tk) of da during pregnancy and the maternal-fetal disposition of da have not been fully elucidated. in this study, we investigated the tk before, during, and after pregnancy and the maternal-fetal d ...202032360744
gender and ethnic differences in pterygium prevalence: an audit of remote australian clinics.developing an accurate picture of the demographic profile and refractive status of aboriginal and non-aboriginal individuals with pterygium will facilitate health planning and appropriate deployment of health-care resources in rural australia.202032363676
the evolutionary history of extinct and living lions.lions are one of the world's most iconic megafauna, yet little is known about their temporal and spatial demographic history and population differentiation. we analyzed a genomic dataset of 20 specimens: two ca. 30,000-y-old cave lions (panthera leo spelaea), 12 historic lions (panthera leo leo/panthera leo melanochaita) that lived between the 15th and 20th centuries outside the current geographic distribution of lions, and 6 present-day lions from africa and india. we found that cave and modern ...202032366643
detection of lion podoplanin using the antitiger podoplanin monoclonal antibody pmab-231.monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that specifically target podoplanin (pdpn), a marker for type i alveolar cells, are needed for immunohistochemical analyses. anti-pdpn mabs are available for many species, including human, mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, cat, bovine, pig, tasmanian devil, alpaca, tiger, whale, goat, horse, bear, and sheep pdpns. however, no antilion pdpn (liopdpn) antibody has been developed. in this study, possible cross-reaction between available anti-pdpn mabs and liopdpn was examined. i ...202032401677
neural networks for open and closed literature-based discovery.literature-based discovery (lbd) aims to discover new knowledge automatically from large collections of literature. scientific literature is growing at an exponential rate, making it difficult for researchers to stay current in their discipline and easy to miss knowledge necessary to advance their research. lbd can facilitate hypothesis testing and generation and thus accelerate scientific progress. neural networks have demonstrated improved performance on lbd-related tasks but are yet to be app ...202032413059
assessing oxidative stress in steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus): associations with mercury and selenium concentrations.selenium (se) bioavailability is required for synthesis and function of essential se-dependent antioxidants, including the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (gpx). strong interactions between monomethyl mercury and se impair the critical antioxidant role of se. approximately 20% of steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus, ssl) pups sampled in the western aleutian islands, alaska, had total hg concentrations ([thg]) measured in hair and whole blood above thresholds of concern for adverse physiologic eff ...202032413494
transient and small signal stability improvement in microgrid using awoalo with virtual synchronous generator control scheme.a hybrid technique for improving the transient and small signal stability in microgrid (mg) using virtual inertia is discussed at these manuscripts. the established hybrid method denotes combined performance of both whale optimization algorithm (woa) and ant lion optimization (alo) algorithm it is named as awoalo technique. the purpose of awoalo technique is to optimize the control parameters for regulate the changes occurred in the grid parameter such as voltage as well as frequency depend on v ...202032414560
fatal mauling by tigers.lethal injuries due to large animal attack are uncommon in routine forensic practice in europe. specifically, few incidents are reported concerning tiger/lion attacks that usually involve captive circus or zoo animals. we present the case of a 61-year old animal tamer who was mauled to death by four tigers while he was training them for a circus performance. careful investigation of the circumstances surrounding the fatality revealed that the tamer had most likely been struck with a tiger paw an ...202032415625
correction to: predation of treefrogs (anura: hylidae) with toxic skin secretions by the black lion tamarin (leontopithecus chrysopygus, callitrichinae).in the original publication of the article, the scientific name of veined treefrog.202032424538
person and family centeredness in ethiopian cancer care: proposal for a project for improving communication, ethics, decision making, and health.cancer is a major burden in ethiopia. the oncology department of tikur anbessa (black lion) specialized hospital in addis ababa is the sole specialist unit for cancer care in the country. with only a handful of oncologists, a lack of resources, and a huge patient load, the work is challenging, especially in terms of achieving effective and ethical patient consultations. patients, usually accompanied by family members, often wait for a long time to receive medical attention and frequently depart ...202032427112
[analysis of factors influencing the suitability of donor corneas in the lions cornea bank saar-lor-lux, trier/westpfalz from 2006 to 2016].with the discrepancy between availability and demand for corneal donors, the purpose of our study was to identify significant factors influencing the suitability and affecting the main reasons for discarding organ-cultured corneas. we thus aimed to minimise the percentage of unsuitable corneas in the long term.202032434230
so happy together: juvenile crabeater seal behavior improves lice transmission.lice from family echinophthiriidae are of the few insects that have successfully colonized marine environment living as ectoparasites of pinnipeds, i.e., sea lions, seals, and the walrus. they have developed unique adaptations to cope with the amphibious lifestyle of their hosts. because eggs do not survive underwater, lice could only reproduce when their host remains on pack ice enough time. consequently, lice generations per year are limited by host haul-out behavior. the objective of this wor ...202032447516
li4ca2b8o16: a borate with a unique fundamental building block and a short cutoff edge.a complex alkali and alkaline-earth metal borate li4ca2b8o16 has been synthesized successfully via the high-temperature solution method. li4ca2b8o16 crystallizes into the space group p1̅ (no. 2) of the triclinic crystal system. the crystal structure exhibits a three-dimensional framework consisting of the [b8o16]∞ chains connected by the [lion] (n = 3, 4, 6) and [cao7] polyhedra. the fundamental building block [b8o18] differs from those of other anhydrous octa-borates, which can be identified as ...202032476408
predation risk constrains herbivores' adaptive capacity to warming.global warming compels larger endothermic animals to adapt either physiologically or behaviourally to avoid thermal stress, especially in tropical ecosystems. their adaptive responses may however be compromised by other constraints, such as predation risk or starvation. using an exceptional camera-trap dataset spanning 32 protected areas across southern africa, we find that intermediate-sized herbivores (100-550 kg) switch activity to hotter times of the day when exposed to predation by lions. t ...202032483322
a novel quantitative real-time pcr diagnostic assay for fecal and nasal swab detection of an otariid lungworm, parafilaroides decorus.parafilaroides decorus, also known as sea lion lungworm, is a metastrongyloid nematode that infects otariid hosts, such as the charismatic california sea lion, zalophus californianus. p. decorus causes bronchointerstitial pneumonia, respiratory distress, reduced ability to swim, dive and hunt and as a result, increased mortality particularly in young animals. respiratory disease is a leading cause of stranding and admission to rehabilitation centers on the pacific coast. low-coverage genomic seq ...202032489853
host population expansion and the genetic architecture of the pinniped hookworm uncinaria lucasi.the long-term fidelity of pinniped hosts to their natal rookery site suggests the genetic architecture of their uncinaria spp. hookworms should be strongly structured by host breeding biology. however, historical events affecting host populations may also shape parasite genetic structure. sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (coi) gene of 86 uncinaria lucasi individuals were obtained to assess genetic variation and structure of nematodes from 2 host species (68 hookworms from no ...202032491171
health indicators of pregnant women in tonkolili district, rural sierra leone.despite having reported one of the highest maternal mortality ratios and neonatal mortality rates in the world, surprisingly little is known about the general health status of pregnant women in rural parts of sierra leone. malaria, anaemia and malnutrition are known contributors to adverse pregnancy outcomes. although their prevalence is known to be high, the burden of these conditions in the rural pregnant population remains unknown. our study aimed to gain more insight into the health status o ...202032492879
comparison of streptococcus halichoeri isolates from canine and fur animal infections: biochemical patterns, molecular characteristics and genetic relatedness.streptococcus halichoeri infections have been reported in grey seals, a european badger, a stellar sea lion and humans, but its presence in companion and fur animals is unknown. since 2010, s. halichoeri-like bacteria (shl) have been isolated from fur animals and dogs in finland. our aim was to retrospectively investigate laboratory records for shl from canine and fur animal infections, characterize the isolates and compare their genetic relatedness in relation to three reference strains: ccug 4 ...202032493395
lions quest skills for adolescence implementation during covid-19 challenges in croatia.globally, the coronavirus-2019 (covid-19) pandemic situation has affected the education system, forcing students to start distance learning. consequently, education of students reverted to online platforms or tv station broadcasts. extracurricular programs have also experienced a setback given the natural prioritization of mandatory school subjects. meanwhile, the united nations office on drugs and crime (unodc) was implementing a teacher-led extracurricular activity for children of age 10-15 ye ...202032496105
a multispecies assessment of wildlife impacts on local community livelihoods.conflicts between the interests of agriculture and wildlife conservation are a major threat to biodiversity and human well-being globally. addressing such conflicts requires a thorough understanding of the impacts associated with living alongside protected wildlife. despite this, most studies reporting on human-wildlife impacts and the strategies used to mitigate them focus on a single species, thus oversimplifying often complex systems of human-wildlife interactions. we sought to characterize t ...202032496643
seasonal effects on testes size and sustained semen quality in captive golden-headed lion tamarins, leontopithecus chrysomelas.the golden-headed lion tamarin (leontopithecus chrysomelas) is an endangered primate that, according to timing of births, there seems to have seasonal reproductive patterns in captive populations inhabiting the southern hemisphere. the extent to which male tamarins have circannual cyclic fluctuations in testicular functions, however, remains unknown. changes in testis size and seminal variables, therefore, were evaluated during the rainy and dry seasons of the year in seven males. there was esti ...202032507254
polymorphisms in 5' proximal regulating region of thrsp gene are associated with fat production in pigs.chinese and imported pig breeds differ in fat production potential, which is associated with the polymorphisms in the 5' proximal regulating region (5'prr) of thyroid hormone responsive gene (thrsp). in three chinese breeds (dingyuan, cdy; wannanhua, cwh; and jixi, cjx) and one introduced breed (yorkshire, yks), three variant sites were located at t/c-400, a/g-376, and g/a-98 in the 5'prr. chinese pig breeds had higher c-400 allele frequencies than yks. the frequencies of a-376 in cdy and g-376 ...202032509500
single-dose replicating rna vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies against sars-cov-2 in nonhuman primates.the ongoing covid-19 pandemic, caused by infection with sars-cov-2, is having a dramatic and deleterious impact on health services and the global economy. grim public health statistics highlight the need for vaccines that can rapidly confer protection after a single dose and be manufactured using components suitable for scale-up and efficient distribution. in response, we have rapidly developed reprna-cov2s, a stable and highly immunogenic vaccine candidate comprised of an rna replicon formulate ...202032511417
conservation challenges: the limitations of antemortem tuberculosis testing in captive asiatic lions (panthera leo persica).genetic diversity of captive wild animals can be enhanced by moving those individuals with valuable genes between collections and through introduction of a new pair from a range country. this requires movement of animals, which is inherent with disease risks, such as the introduction of pathogenic mycobacterium sp. (mtbc) into a zoological collection. decisions need to be made based on the outcome of perimovement disease screening using an array of tests, the majority of which are unvalidated in ...202032549574
biodiversity data and new species descriptions of polychaetes from offshore waters of the falkland islands, an area undergoing hydrocarbon exploration.benthic environmental impact assessments and monitoring programs accompanying offshore hydrocarbon industry activities result in large collections of benthic organisms. such collections offer great potential for systematics, biodiversity and biogeography research, but these opportunities are only rarely realised. in recent decades, the hydrocarbon industry has started exploration activities in offshore waters off the falkland islands. a large collection of ca. 25,000 polychaete (annelida) specim ...202032549744
ex-vivo cultured human corneoscleral segment model to study the effects of glaucoma factors on trabecular meshwork.glaucoma is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. primary open angle glaucoma (poag), the most common form of glaucoma, is often associated with elevation of intraocular pressure (iop) due to the dysfunction of trabecular meshwork (tm) tissues. currently, an ex vivo human anterior segment perfusion cultured system is widely used to study the effects of glaucoma factors and disease modifying drugs on physiological parameters like aqueous humor (ah) dynamics and iop homeost ...202032579557
using a word association task to investigate semantic depth in swedish-speaking children with developmental language disorder.we examined word associations in swedish children with developmental language disorder (dld) compared to their typically developing (td) peers. furthermore, the study aimed to explore the dimensions of vocabulary knowledge (breadth, depth, and fluency) in these children. fifty children (15 dld and 35 td) participated in the study, aged six to nine years. this age span is commonly associated with substantial lexical reorganisation, by some referred to as the syntagmatic-paradigmatic shift. fifty ...202032580678
the gene catalog and comparative analysis of gut microbiome of big cats provide new insights on panthera species.majority of metagenomic studies in the last decade have focused on revealing the gut microbiomes of humans, rodents, and ruminants; however, the gut microbiome and genic information (gene catalog) of large felids such as panthera species are largely unknown to date. in this study, the gut bacterial, fungal, and viral metagenomic composition was assessed from three panthera species (lion, leopard, and tiger) of indian origin, which were consuming the same diet and belonged to the same geographica ...202032582053
the role of food transfers in wild golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia): support for the informational and nutritional hypothesis.callitrichidae is a unique primate family not only in terms of the large number of food transfers to infants but also for the prevalence of transfers that are initiated by the adults. it has been hypothesized that, as well as provisioning infants, callitrichid food transfers might function to teach the receiver what food types to eat. if food provisioning has a teaching function, we would expect successful food transfers to be more likely with food types that are novel to the juveniles. we would ...202032583293
genomic nucleotide-based distance analysis for delimiting old world monkey derived herpes simplex virus species.herpes simplex viruses form a genus within the alphaherpesvirus subfamily, with three identified viral species isolated from old world monkeys (owm); macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 (mchv-1; herpes b), cercopithecine alphaherpesvirus 2 (sa8), and papiine alphaherpesvirus 2 (pahv-2; herpes papio). herpes b is endemic to macaques, while pahv-2 and sa8 appear endemic to baboons. all three viruses are genetically and antigenically similar, with sa8 and pahv-2 thought to be avirulent in humans, while her ...202032590937
the demographic decline of a sea lion population followed multi-decadal sea surface warming.the population growth of top predators depends largely on environmental conditions suitable for aggregating sufficient and high-quality prey. we reconstructed numerically the size of a resident population of california sea lions in the gulf of california during 1978-2019 and its relation with multi-decadal sea surface temperature anomalies. this is the first multi-decadal examination of the sea surface temperature of the gulf of california and of one of its major predators. a three-decade sustai ...202032591624
linking longitudinal and cross-sectional biomarker data to understand host-pathogen dynamics: leptospira in california sea lions (zalophus californianus) as a case study.confronted with the challenge of understanding population-level processes, disease ecologists and epidemiologists often simplify quantitative data into distinct physiological states (e.g. susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered). however, data defining these states often fall along a spectrum rather than into clear categories. hence, the host-pathogen relationship is more accurately defined using quantitative data, often integrating multiple diagnostic measures, just as clinicians do to assess ...202032598393
competition for safe real estate, not food, drives density-dependent juvenile survival in a large herbivore.density-dependent competition for food reduces vital rates, with juvenile survival often the first to decline. a clear prediction of food-based, density-dependent competition for large herbivores is decreasing juvenile survival with increasing density. however, competition for enemy-free space could also be a significant mechanism for density dependence in territorial species. how juvenile survival is predicted to change across density depends critically on the nature of predator-prey dynamics a ...202032607167
incidence of respiratory distress and its predictors among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, black lion specialized hospital, addis ababa, ethiopia.although respiratory distress is one of the major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality throughout the globe, it is a particularly serious concern for nations like ethiopia that have significant resource limitations. additionally, few studies have looked at neonatal respiratory distress and its predictors in developing countries, and thus we sought to investigate this issue in neonates who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at black lion specialized hospital, ethiopia.202032609748
suspended sediment load prediction using artificial neural network and ant lion optimization algorithm.suspended sediment load (ssl) estimation is a required exercise in water resource management. this article proposes the use of hybrid artificial neural network (ann) models, for the prediction of ssl, based on previous ssl values. different input scenarios of daily ssl were used to evaluate the capacity of the ann-ant lion optimization (alo), ann-bat algorithm (ba) and ann-particle swarm optimization (pso). the goorganrood basin in iran was selected for this study. first, the lagged ssl data wer ...202032621196
sars-cov-2 host diversity: an update of natural infections and experimental evidence.coronavirus disease-19 (covid-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) is now a pandemic threat. this virus is supposed to be spread by human to human transmission. cellular angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) is the receptor of sars-cov-2 which is identical or similar in different species of animals such as pigs, ferrets, cats, orangutans, monkeys, and humans. moreover, a recent study predicted that dogs might be secondary hosts during the evolution of s ...202032624360
evidence for sars-cov-2 infection of animal hosts.covid-19 is the first known pandemic caused by a coronavirus, sars-cov-2, which is the third virus in the family coronaviridae to cause fatal infections in humans after sars-cov and mers-cov. animals are involved in the covid-19 pandemic. this review summarizes the role of animals as reservoirs, natural hosts and experimental models. sars-cov-2 originated from animal reservoir, most likely bats and/or pangolins. anthroponotic transmission has been reported in cats, dogs, tigers, lions and minks. ...202032629960
first description of the fur of two cubs of fossil cave lion panthera spelaea (goldfuss, 1810) found in yakutia in 2017 and 2018.the first description of well-preserved fur of one male and one female cubs of the fossil cave lion panthera spelaea (finds of 2017-2018, semyuelyakh river, yakutia, russia) is presented in comparison with the fur of two cubs (a male and a female) of the extant african lion p. leo and adult lions of both species: the color, differentiation, configuration, microstructure, and internal design of hair of different categories are considered. the coat of the cave lion is similar but not identical to ...202032632835
increasing the coverage of a mass spectral library of milk oligosaccharides using a hybrid-search-based bootstrapping method and milks from a wide variety of mammals.this study significantly expands both the scope and method of identification for construction of a previously reported tandem mass spectral library of 74 human milk oligosaccharides (hmos) derived from results of combined lc-ms/ms experiments and comprehensive structural analysis of hmos. in the present work, a hybrid search "bootstrap" identification method was employed that substantially broadens the coverage of milk oligosaccharides and thereby increases utility use of a spectrum library-base ...202032639750
incidence and predictors of recurrence among breast cancer patients in black lion specialized hospital adult oncology unit, addis ababa, ethiopia: retrospective follow-up study with survival analysis.currently, breast cancer is becoming a major public health problem for developing countries. in ethiopia, breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women, and constitutes a major public health concern. hence, this study was aimed to determine the incidence and predictor of recurrence among breast cancer clients at black lion specialized hospital, ethiopia, in 2018. we analyzed 513 patients out of 835 women breast cancer patients treated at black lion specialized hospital. recurrent-free s ...202032647652
group density, disease, and season shape territory size and overlap of social carnivores.the spatial organization of a population can influence the spread of information, behaviour and pathogens. group territory size and territory overlap and components of spatial organization, provide key information as these metrics may be indicators of habitat quality, resource dispersion, contact rates and environmental risk (e.g. indirectly transmitted pathogens). furthermore, sociality and behaviour can also shape space use, and subsequently, how space use and habitat quality together impact d ...202032654133
corneae from body donors in anatomy department: valuable use for clinical transplantation and experimental research.explanted corneae are highly needed for the surgical management of patients with severe corneal diseases. the aim of this study was to determine whether the body donors from the institute of anatomy are a suitable source of donor corneae.202032660508
spatiotemporal genetic diversity of lions reveals the influence of habitat fragmentation across africa.direct comparisons between historical and contemporary populations allow for detecting changes in genetic diversity through time and assessment of the impact of habitat fragmentation. here, we determined the genetic architecture of both historical and modern lions to document changes in genetic diversity over the last century. we surveyed microsatellite and mitochondrial genome variation from 143 high-quality museum specimens of known provenance, allowing us to directly compare this information ...202032667997
under pressure: the extraordinary survival of seal lice in the deep sea.lice from pinnipeds - sea lions, seals and walruses - are the only insects capable of surviving marine dives. throughout their evolutionary history, they have adapted to tolerate hypoxia, high salinity, low temperature and, in particular, to tolerate conditions of high hydrostatic pressure. to understand the limits of the capacity of lice to survive during host deep dives, we conducted a series of controlled experiments in the laboratory. we collected lice from elephant seals and submitted the d ...202032680903
an alphavirus-derived replicon rna vaccine induces sars-cov-2 neutralizing antibody and t cell responses in mice and nonhuman primates.the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic, caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), is having a deleterious impact on health services and the global economy, highlighting the urgent need for an effective vaccine. such a vaccine would need to rapidly confer protection after one or two doses and would need to be manufactured using components suitable for scale up. here, we developed an alphavirus-derived replicon rna vaccine candidate, reprn ...202032690628
correction to: suspended sediment load prediction using artificial neural network and ant lion optimization algorithm.following the publication of the article it has come to the authors' attention that the first panel of fig. 11 has been repeated with the second panel of fig. 11.202032705552
dynamics of gaze control during prey capture in freely moving mice.many studies of visual processing are conducted in constrained conditions such as head- and gaze-fixation, and therefore less is known about how animals actively acquire visual information in natural contexts. to determine how mice target their gaze during natural behavior, we measured head and bilateral eye movements in mice performing prey capture, an ethological behavior that engages vision. we found that the majority of eye movements are compensatory for head movements, thereby serving to st ...202032706335
regional variations and drivers of mercury and selenium concentrations in steller sea lions.mercury (hg) can be neurotoxic to mammals and impact reproduction, whereas selenium (se) is an important antioxidant known to ameliorate some adverse effects of hg. total hg concentrations ([thg]) were measured in lanugo (pelage grown in utero) of 812 steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus) pups across alaska and russia to assess fetal exposure during late gestation. the molar ratio of total se to thg (tse:thg) was determined in whole blood collected from 291 pups. stable isotope ratios of carbon ...202032717470
complex virome in a mesenteric lymph node from a californian sea lion (zalophus californianus) with polyserositis and steatitis.an emaciated subadult free-ranging california sea lion (csl or zalophus californianus) died following stranding with lesions similar to 11 other stranded animals characterized by chronic disseminated granulomatous inflammation with necrotizing steatitis and vasculitis, involving visceral adipose tissues in the thoracic and peritoneal cavities. histologically, affected tissues had extensive accumulations of macrophages with perivascular lymphocytes, plasma cells, and fewer neutrophils. using vira ...202032718049
early pleistocene origin and extensive intra-species diversity of the extinct cave lion.the cave lion is an extinct felid that was widespread across the holarctic throughout the late pleistocene. its closest extant relative is the lion (panthera leo), but the timing of the divergence between these two taxa, as well as their taxonomic ranking are contentious. in this study we analyse 31 mitochondrial genome sequences from cave lion individuals that, through a combination of 14c and genetic tip dating, are estimated to be from dates extending well into the mid-pleistocene. we identif ...202032724178
[cooperation between the department of ophthalmology at the university of düsseldorf (germany) and the fundación visión in asunción (paraguay) as an example of the german hospital partnerships programm].a hospital partnership between the university eye hospital düsseldorf (uak düsseldorf) and fundación visión in asunción has existed since 2014 based on a memorandum of understanding. fundación visión plays a leading role in ophthalmological treatment and prevention of blindness in paraguay. since 2016 a program for the promotion of international hospital partnerships of the german government has been in place.202032725542
molecular characterization of ascaridoid parasites from captive wild carnivores in china using ribosomal and mitochondrial sequences.despite the public health importance of toxocariasis/toxascariasis, only a few species of these ascaridoid parasites from wild canine and feline carnivores have been studied at the molecular level so far. poor understanding of diversity, host distribution and the potential (zoonotic) transmission of the ascaridoid species among wild animals negatively affects their surveillance and control in natural settings. in this study, we updated previous knowledge by profiling the genetic diversity and ph ...202032727607
vulnerability of a top marine predator to coastal storms: a relationship between hydrodynamic drivers and stranding rates of newborn pinnipeds.coastal storms have increased in recent decades, affecting many species, including the south american sea lion (otaria byronia). reports of stranded sea lion pups are becoming common in chile, presumably due to the increase in the frequency and intensity of coastal storms. to validate this assumption, a 10-year database was built by coupling wave generation and coastal propagation models to correlate pure wave parameters (significant wave height hs, peak period tp, normalized wave power hs2 tp) ...202032732896
causes of adult mortality in two populations of new zealand sea lions (phocarctos hookeri).the new zealand sea lion is an endangered species endemic to new zealand. while causes of death are well described for pups of this species, mortality in adults is poorly characterised. this study investigated causes of death in 136 new zealand sea lions in two different populations: a major breeding site on remote, uninhabited enderby island in the sub-antarctic, and a slowly increasing recolonising population on the inhabited mainland. for animals with at least a partial diagnostic investigati ...201932734078
epidemiology of rabies and current us vaccine guidelines.rabies is an acute encephalitis that is caused by rabies virus (rabv) infection, which belongs to the rhabdoviridae family of viruses. it causes about 59,000 human deaths per year (although this number may be under-reported) and is generally fatal, once signs and symptoms begin to appear. rabies is still very prevalent and under- reported, particularly in low to middle-income countries such as asia and africa, where there is lack of access to healthcare and domestic dogs are not widely vaccinate ...202032752569
ingestion of microplastics and occurrence of parasite association in mediterranean anchovy and sardine.we quantified the incidence of microplastics in the gut contents of the european sardine (sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (engraulis encrasicolus) in the northwestern mediterranean sea and tested which variables influence this abundance, including the prevalence of parasites (i.e., trematoda larvae and nematodes). we detected a 58% occurrence of microplastics ingestion in sardines and a 60% in anchovies. with respect to sardines, the individuals with lower body conditions were found to have the ...202032753184
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