Publications

restricted flexibility of carp 15 s immunoglobulin molecules as revealed by fluorescence polarisation.		1972	11946836
novel aeromonas hydrophila ppd134/91 genes involved in o-antigen and capsule biosynthesis.	the sequences of the o-antigen and capsule gene clusters of the virulent aeromonas hydrophila strain ppd134/91 were determined. the o-antigen gene cluster is 17,296 bp long and comprises 17 genes. seven pathway genes for the synthesis of rhamnose and mannose, six transferase genes, one o unit flippase gene, and one o-antigen chain length determinant gene were identified by amino acid sequence similarity. pcr and southern blot analysis were performed to survey the distribution of these 17 genes a ...	2002	11953367
effects of primary exposure to environmental and natural estrogens on vitellogenin production in carp (cyprinus carpio) hepatocytes.	vitellogenin (vtg) is a precursor of the yolk proteins lipovitelline and phosvitin and is synthesized as a consequence of estrogen-dependent gene expression in female and male hepatocytes of egg-laying vertebrates. freshly isolated carp hepatocytes of a genetically uniform strain of adult male carp (cyprinus carpio) were used to investigate the effects of primary exposure to estrogenic compounds on the vitellogenic response to xenoestrogens. isolated carp hepatocytes were first exposed (primary ...	2002	11961218
[effect of bacterial infection on the lipid composition of carp blood lymphocytes].	the initial stage of bacterial infection is characterized by an increase in the level of total lipids and polyenoic fatty acids in membrane phospholipids of blood lymphocytes of carp (cyprinus carpio l.). in the fish infected with aeromonads, changes in the ratios of fatty acids in phospholipids are similar for either lymphocytes, liver, or whole blood. the extent to which these changes are pronounced depends on the original physiological status of the fish.	2002	11962218
[ph of the gill micro-environment of cyprinus carpio and its effect on the desorption of adsorbed cu].	ph and co2 content differences between fish(cyprinus carpio) gills micro-environment and the ambient environment were investigated using the technique developed by playle. the effect of the ph change on elutriation of copper sorbed on gibbsite was also studied in view of possible desorption of the metal within the gill micro-environment. it was found that there was no ph difference around ph 8.0 and 0.2-0.4 unit difference was observed between the gills' inspired and the expired water when the a ...	2002	11962309
fiber connections of the nucleus isthmi in the carp (cyprinus carpio) and tilapia (oreochromis niloticus).	the nucleus pretectalis (np) is a prominent nucleus in the percomorph pretectum and has been shown to project to the nucleus isthmi in the filefish by an hrp tract-tracing method [ito et al., 1981], but a homologous nucleus to the np is apparently lacking in ostariophysans. the present study examined fiber connections of the nucleus isthmi in an ostariophysan teleost, the carp (cyprinidae, cyprinus carpio), to identify a nucleus homologous to the percomorph nucleus pretectalis. identical studies ...	2001	11964496
[nadph-diaphorase in the olfactory system of the carp cyprinus carpio].		2006	11966211
carp ovarian cystatin binds and agglutinates spermatozoa via electrostatic interaction.	a sperm-agglutinating factor was purified from ovulated carp eggs and the conditioned medium (cm) of cortical-reacted eggs. it was identified to be the carp ovarian cystatin. three cystatin isoforms were found. the cystatin isolated from the cm had a higher sperm-agglutinating activity than that isolated from eggs, although the cystatins have identical n-terminal amino acid sequences, masses, and positive charges. differences in sperm-agglutinating activity between the cystatins of the cm and eg ...	2002	11967193
recombinant carp parvalbumin, the major cross-reactive fish allergen: a tool for diagnosis and therapy of fish allergy.	ige-mediated reactions to fish allergens represent one of the most frequent causes of food allergy. we have constructed an expression cdna library from carp (cyprinus carpio) muscle in phage lambda gt11 and used serum ige from a fish allergic patient to isolate 33 cdna clones that coded for two parvalbumin isoforms (cyp c 1.01 and cyp c 1.02) with comparable ige binding capacities. both isoforms represented calcium-binding proteins that belonged to the beta-lineage of parvalbumins. the cyp c 1.0 ...	2002	11971005
the effects of naltrexone, an opioid receptor antagonist, on plasma lh levels in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	naltrexone-an opioid receptor antagonist, was administered intraperitoneally to sexually mature male and female common carp in the prespawning period, in order to investigate its effects on spontaneous or sgnrh-a-stimulated lh secretion. naltrexone and sgnrh-a were injected at the same time. the possible involvement of a dopaminergic system in this process was studied in males pre-treated with pimozide (a dopamine receptor antagonist) 12 h before naltrexone and/or sgnrh-a administration. blood s ...	2002	11976056
aquacultural and socio-economic aspects of processing carps into some value-added products.	carps are the mainstay of indian aquaculture, contributing over 90% to the total fish production, which was estimated to be 1.77 million metric tonnes in 1996. carp culture has a great potential for waste utilization and thus for pollution abatement. many wastes such as cow, poultry, pig, duck, goat, and sheep excreta, biogas slurry, effluents from different kinds of factories/industries have been efficiently used for enhancing the productivity of natural food of carps and related species. besid ...	2002	11991079
in vivo and in vitro modulation of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) phagocyte oxidative burst activity by gallium.	since gallium is a metal ion used in semiconductor industry, the toxicological effects were previously evaluated in mammals but the ecotoxicological impacts remain unknown. in term of ecotoxicological risk assessment, the median lethal concentration (lc50 for 96 h of gallium to carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and the oxidative response of carp phagocytes after the fish were exposed to sublethal levels of gallium were determined. the lc50 of gallium on c. carpio at 96 h was estimated as 96.25 +/- 14.3 ...	2002	11991633
synthetic musks in the environment. part 1: species-dependent bioaccumulation of polycyclic and nitro musk fragrances in freshwater fish and mussels.	bioaccumulation of polycyclic musks (hhcb, ahtn) and nitro musks (musk xylene, musk ketone, and their amino metabolites) in aquatic biota was investigated by analyzing 18 fish samples (rudd, tench, crucian carp, eel) and 1 pooled zebra mussel sample from the pond of a municipal sewage treatment plant. furthermore, water samples taken at the effluent of the sewage plant as well as water samples and two series of semipermeable membrane devices (spmds) from the pond were included. this comprehensiv ...	2002	11994785
synthetic musks in the environment. part 2: enantioselective transformation of the polycyclic musk fragrances hhcb, ahtn, ahdi, and atii in freshwater fish.	a method for the enantioselective separation of the chiral polycyclic musks hhcb, ahtn, ahdi, and atii is presented. eighteen fish samples (rudd, tench, crucian carp, eel) and one pooled zebra mussel sample from the pond of a municipal sewage treatment plant were investigated with regard to their concentrations and the enantiomeric ratios (ers) of polycyclic musks. in addition, three water samples taken at the effluent of the sewage plant, as well as two water samples and two series of semiperme ...	2002	11994786
effects of waterborne exposure to 4-nonylphenol on plasma sex steroid and vitellogenin concentrations in sexually mature male carp (cyprinus carpio).	4-nonylphenol (np) has been shown to elicit estrogenic responses both in vivo and in vitro. the mechanism by which np exerts estrogenic and other endocrine-modulating effects in vivo remains unclear, however. the goal of this study was to evaluate the ability of np to elicit estrogenic responses through indirect mechanisms of action involving the modulation of endogenous steroid hormone concentrations. sexually mature male common carp (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to aqueous np concentrations r ...	2002	11996132
short-term responses of oryzias latipes (pisces: adrianichthyidae) and macrobrachium nipponense (crustacea: palaemonidae) to municipal and pharmaceutical waste water in beijing, china: survival, behaviour, biochemical biomarkers.	whole effluent toxicity was assessed for the fish oryzias latipes and the prawn macrobrachium nipponense for 18 h in a dilution series (0-66%) of the inflow and effluent of a municipal waste water treatment plant as well as waste water from a teramycin producing pharmaceutical industry, before, during and after a pilot laboratory purification process. the waste waters caused acute toxicity as measured by inhibition of light emission in the luminiscent bacterium vibrio qingaiensis sp. nov. (q67). ...	2002	11996134
gonadotropin response to gnrh during sexual ontogeny in the common carp, cyprinus carpio.	this study was designed to reveal whether gonadotropic response to gnrh in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) changes during sexual ontogeny and whether the response of fshbeta and lhbeta subunits is uniform or differential. the study comprised fish at the following stages: juveniles (4-month-old females with primary oocytes and early spermatogenic males); maturing (9-month-old previtellogenic females and advanced spermatogenic males); and mature (16-month-old postvitellogenic females and spermia ...	2002	11997206
combined effects of cadmium and composted manure to aquatic organisms.	to evaluate the interactive toxicity of cadmium (cd) and composted manure to aquatic organisms 96 h static bioassays were conducted in the laboratory with fry of common carp (cyprinus carpio), copepod (diaptomusforbesi) and oligochaete worm (branchiura sowerbyi). five concentrations of composted manure (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 6.7 g/l) were prepared from the aquatic weed, pistia stratiotes and each of them was combined with several concentrations of cd to determine 96 h lc-50 values of cd for the ...	2002	11999773
carp, a cardiac ankyrin-repeated protein, and its new homologue, arpp, are differentially expressed in heart, skeletal muscle, and rhabdomyosarcomas.	arpp, a protein containing an ankyrin repeat domain, pest sequence, and proline-rich region, is a novel ankyrin-repeated protein highly homologous to carp, which is proposed to be the putative genetic marker for cardiac hypertrophy. in this study, we comparatively analyzed expression of arpp and carp protein in skeletal and cardiac muscles and rhabdomyosarcomas (rmss). in adult skeletal muscle, arpp was preferentially expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of type i fibers, whereas carp was bare ...	2002	12000728
arpp, a new homolog of carp, is preferentially expressed in type 1 skeletal muscle fibers and is markedly induced by denervation.	in this study, we isolated and characterized a murine counterpart of the human arpp (harpp) gene. sequence analysis revealed that the murine arpp (marpp) gene is almost identical to the ankrd2 gene, which has recently been isolated as a mouse gene induced in stretched skeletal muscle. the marpp gene encodes a protein of 332 amino acids that contains four well-conserved ankyrin-repeat domains in the central portion of the protein. the amino acid sequence of marpp protein (marpp) is highly homolog ...	2002	12004005
vitellogenin induction in cyprinus carpio treated with 17beta-estradiol and 4-nonylphenol.	the aim of the present study was to demonstrate induction of vitellogenin in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) as a biomarker for monitoring freshwater ecosystems. sexually undifferentiated specimens of common carp were treated experimentally with 17beta-estradiol and increasing doses of 4-nonylphenol and levels of plasma vtg were measured in order to: 1) validate an elisa assay for plasma vtg in the common carp using the polyclonal rabbit anti-salmon vtg antibody aa1 (biosense, norway); 2) chec ...	2002	12004977
initial characteristics of koi herpesvirus and development of a polymerase chain reaction assay to detect the virus in koi, cyprinus carpio koi.	since 1998, episodes of mass mortality have occurred in populations of common carp cyprinus carpio carpio in israel and in populations of koi cyprinus carpio koi in israel and the usa. a herpesvirus isolated from infected fish has been shown in experimental studies to induce disease and mortality similar to those observed in outbreaks at infected farms. initial characteristics of the virus show that it is clearly different from herpesvirus cyprini (chv), the most commonly known herpesvirus from ...	2002	12005231
the alarm reaction in crucian carp is mediated by olfactory neurons with long dendrites.	in the present study, we applied a lipophilic tracer, dil (1,1-dilinoleyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate), to the synaptic region of the medial olfactory bulb in formaldehyde-fixed preparations from the crucian carp. we observed staining both in the axons of secondary neurons leading to the brain and in the olfactory receptor neurons (orns) of the olfactory epithelium. in those preparations, where staining of the tract was restricted to axons of the medial part of the medial o ...	2002	12006379
bioavailability of waterborne strontium to the common carp, cyprinus carpio, in complexing environments.	the uptake of strontium (sr) and calcium (ca) in the common carp, cyprinus carpio, was studied in chemically defined freshwater in the presence of the complexing ligands, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta), and nitrilotriacetic acid (nta). the uptake rates were measured in the whole body, gills, and blood of the fish after an exposure period of 3 h. the uptake rates were determined by using the radiotracers (85)sr and (45)ca, and analyzed as a function of the free-ion activity of sr and ca i ...	2002	12007876
acute immunotoxicity of gallium to carp (cyprinus carpio l.).		2002	12012056
[comparative studies on gene expression of isozymes in 4 types of various ploidy crucian carp during embryogenesis].	isozyme zymograms of esterase (est), lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), malate dehydrogenase (mdh) and superoxide dismutase (sod) were analysed by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis at different developmental stages of embryogenesis in 4 types of various ploidy crucian carp embryos, including haploids, diploids, natural triploids, and multiple tetraploids, and 2 types of haploid and diploid common carp embryos. haploid embryos of crucian carp (carassius auratus) and common carp (cyprinus carp ...	1998	12016959
production of short-chain fatty acids and gas from various oligosaccharides by gut microbes of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) in micro-scale batch culture.	we studied the metabolism of various oligosaccharides by carp (cyprinus carpio) hindgut microbes by measuring gas productivity and organic acid production in gut contents using a 50-microl-scale batch culture system. carp hindgut contents were incubated with 500 microg each of raffinose, lactosucrose, kestose, lactulose, gentiobiose, 4'-galactosyllactose and 6'-galactosyllactose and soybean-, xylo-, and isomalto-oligosaccharides or none (blank culture) at 25 degrees c for 6 h. the time-course of ...	2002	12020649
pcr-cloning and gene expression studies in common carp (cyprinus carpio) insulin-like growth factor-ii.	insulin-like growth factor-ii (igf-ii) is a member of a growth factor family related to fetal growth in mammals but its physiological role has not been clearly identified in fish. in teleosts, the basic mechanism of the growth hormone (gh)-igf axis is known to be operative but in a different manner. for instance, igf-i exhibits gh dependence whereas for igf-ii, its gh dependence varies in different fish species. in this study, we used polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to obtain a common carp igf-i ...	2002	12020820
the nuclear export signal (nes) found in the amino-terminal region of carp mek1 and mkk6 is lacking in carp mkk4.	carp mkk4 (cmkk4) cdna was isolated from an ovary cdna library. cmkk4 mrna was ubiquitously distributed in various tissues of adult carp. sequence analysis revealed that cmkk4 lacks a nuclear export signal sequence, unlike mammalian and frog meks (erk activator) and cmkk6 (carp p38 activator), where it plays an important role in anchoring these map kinase activators to the cytoplasm. cmkk4 protein was found to be diffused throughout the cell, whereas cmek1 and cmkk6 proteins were seen exclusivel ...	2002	12020830
a homolog of mammalian prl-releasing peptide (fish arginyl-phenylalanyl-amide peptide) is a major hypothalamic peptide of prl release in teleost fish.	two prl-releasing peptides (prrp20 and prrp31) were recently identified from mammalian hypothalamus by an orphan receptor strategy, and a c-terminal rf (arginyl-phenylalamyl-) amide peptide (rfa), structurally related to mammalian prrp, was also identified from the brain of the japanese crucian carp (c-rfa) by an intestine-contracting assay. however, to date there have been no reported studies that have examined the prl-releasing effects of rfa in fish. in the present study we determined the cdn ...	2002	12021171
immunocytochemical localization of growth hormone-releasing hormone-like peptide in the brain of the tiger frog, rana tigrina.	using antisera directed against carp growth hormone-releasing hormone (cghrh), we found more extensive brain distribution of ghrh-like immunoreactive (ir) neurons in the tiger frog, rana tigrina, than reported in previous studies, which employed mammalian ghrh antibodies. in the telencephalon, ghrh-ir perikarya were present in the pallium dorsale, pallium laterale (pars dorsalis and pars ventralis), pallium mediale, nucleus entopeduncularis, amygdala pars medialis, and in the ventral portion of ...	2002	12030776
diversity of complement factor b/c2 in the common carp (cyprinus carpio): three isotypes of b/c2-a expressed in different tissues.	complement factor b and c2 are two critical proteases for complement activation. some bony fish have been reported to possess duplicated genes for b/c2, but there is no direct evidence regarding possible functional divergence. here, we report the isolation of the second and third isotypes of carp b/c2-a, a close relative of other bony fish b reported to date, and designated b/c2-a2 and b/c2-a3. b/c2-a1 (previously reported b/c2-a) and b/c2-a2 share 78% amino acid identity and are synthesized mai ...	2002	12031413
molecular cloning of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) eggshell zona radiata protein complementary dna: mrna expression in 17beta-estradiol- and nonylphenol-treated fish.	a complementary dna (cdna) encoding the eggshell zona radiata protein (rbtzr: af407574) has been cloned from the liver of estradiol-17beta (e(2))-treated rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). a set of degenerate primers homologous to the highly conserved cysteine-rich region of the zona radiata protein gene from salmon, winter flounder, medaka and carp were used for the initial rt-pcr. the resulting pcr product was cloned, sequenced and ...	2002	12031456
effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone on growth hormone secretion and gene expression in common carp pituitary.	using radioimmuno- and ribonuclease protection assays, we examined the effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its analogs on the growth hormone mrna level and growth hormone secretion in common carp (cyprinus carpio) pituitary fragments with static incubation. after a 24 h treatment, sgnrh ([trp(7),leu(8)]-lhrh) and sgnrh-a ([d-arg(6),pro(9)]-lhrh) (0.1 nm-1 microm) elevated the gh mrna level and stimulated the gh secretion in a dose-dependent manner, with a higher potency for sgnrh-a. in ...	2002	12031458
the immune responses of common carp, cyprinus carpio l., injected with carp interleukin-1beta gene.	the function of the common carp, cyprinus carpio l., interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) gene was studied by dna injection. to investigate the immune responses to il-1beta, a plasmid construct of cytomegalovirus (cmv)-driven carp il-1beta was injected into the epaxial muscle of carp. il-1beta protein expressed in serum on 1, 3, and 5 days after plasmid injection was quantified by elisa and immunohistochemistry. il1-beta gene injection increased proliferation of the lymphocytes by phytohemagglutinin (ph ...	2002	12034023
characterization of immunoglobulin light chain isotypes in the common carp.	two or three isotypes of immunoglobulin (ig) light (l) chain have been demonstrated in several teleost species thus far. a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) strategy was used with the aim of isolating cdna clones encoding igl chain from the common carp ( cyprinus carpio. l.) different from the previously isolated isotype, designated l1a. cdna clones representing two novel isotypes, designated l1b and l3, were obtained in this study. for cl segments, l1b sequences were simi ...	2002	12037604
metal speciation dynamics and bioavailability: zn(ii) and cd(ii) uptake by mussel (mytilus edulis) and carp (cyprinus carpio).	in the analysis of metal biouptake from complexing environments, both chemical speciation and biological uptake characteristics have to be taken into account. the commonly used free ion activity model is based on equilibrium speciation and implies that diffusion of the bioactive free metal toward the organism is not rate-limiting. in the presence of complexes, however, sufficiently labile species might contribute to the biouptake via preceding dissociation. coupling of the ensuing diffusional ma ...	2002	12038825
nuclear transplantation of somatic cells of transgenic red carp (cyprinus carpio haematopterus).	nuclear transplantation was performed using kidney cells, tail fin cells and cultured tail fin cells of 18th passage of the f4 hgh gene transferred red carp (cyprinus carpio haematopterus) as donors and the eggs of loach (misgurnus anguillicaudatus) of huanghe carp (cyprinus carpio haematopterus) as recipients. using loach unfertilized eggs as recipients 0.33% of reconstructed embryos developed in to neural plate from kidney cells, and 0.1% of reconstructed embryos developed in to muscular react ...	2002	12043567
organochlorine chemical residues in fish from the mississippi river basin, 1995.	fish were collected in late 1995 from 34 national contaminant biomonitoring program (ncbp) stations and 13 national water quality assessment program (nawqa) stations in the mississippi river basin (mrb) and in late 1996 from a reference site in west virginia. four composite samples, each comprising (nominally) 10 adult common carp (cyprinus carpio) or black bass (micropterus spp.) of the same sex, were collected from each site and analyzed for organochlorine chemical residues by gas chromatograp ...	2002	12045878
cardiac ankyrin repeat protein, a negative regulator of cardiac gene expression, is augmented in human heart failure.	the technique of representational difference analysis of cdna has been applied to screen for differentially expressed genes in a canine model of pacing-induced heart failure. we identified the canine homolog of the cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (carp) which has been shown to be involved in the regulation of the transcription of cardiac genes. to confirm the significance for human heart failure, cardiac tissue specimens obtained from non-failing donor hearts and from explanted hearts from patien ...	2002	12054667
carp is a novel caspase recruitment domain containing pro-apoptotic protein.	many card-containing caspase mediators interact with card-containing caspases and participate in activation or suppression of caspases. we cloned a novel card-containing protein from our est database, named carp. computational characterization revealed that carp encoded 445 amino acids with predicted mw 49.7 kda, localized at chromosome 10p13 with 15 exons, and four putative function domains, one card domain (aa 160-243), one nuclear receptor-binding motif, two ef-hand motifs, and 42% alpha-heli ...	2002	12054670
differences between the european carp (cyprinus carpio carpio) and the coloured carp (cyprinus carpio haematopterus) in susceptibility to thelohanellus nikolskii (myxosporea) infection.	thelohanellus nikolskii infection of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) has been a common parasitosis in the central european fish farms since the first detection of the parasite about 20 years ago. this parasite, introduced from the far east, causes intensive infection on the fins of fingerlings of the carp subspecies cultured in europe (european carp, cyprinus carpio carpio). this infection of the common carp occurs in the hungarian fish farms every year. until the present study, this parasi ...	2002	12061236
acute lethal toxicity of environmental pollutants to aquatic organisms.	the acute lethal toxicity of environment pollutants including chlorophenol, haloalkane, quinone, and substituted nitrobenzene (i.e., nitrophenol, nitrobenzene, nitrotoluene, and aniline) compounds to aquatic organisms was determined. determination of toxicity of chemicals was performed with chlorella, daphnia, carp, and tilapia. the toxicity of chlorophenols had no relation to the number of chlorine atoms on the benzene ring, but monochlorophenol had lower activity than more chlorine-substituted ...	2002	12061826
[the effect of antifreeze glycoproteins on survival and quality of fish spermatozoa under the conditions of long-term storage at +4 degree c].	it was already shown that antifreeze glycoproteins isolated from the blood of fish occurring in circumpolar regions inhibited the growth of ice crystals both in vitro and in vivo. when the spermatozoa were frozen to liquid nitrogen temperature, addition of antifreeze glycoproteins to cryoconserving media made it possible to decrease twofold the concentration of the synthetic cryoprotector dimethylsulfoxide without the loss and even with a certain increase in the number of viable spermatozoa. thi ...	2016	12068444
bioconcentration and depuration of pyribenzoxim in common carp (cyprinus carpio).		2002	12068925
toxicity of chloroanilines and effects on superoxide dismutase activities in serum of crucian carp (carassius auratus).		2002	12068927
alterations in retinoids, tocopherol, and microsomal enzyme activities in the liver of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) from ya-er lake, china.		2002	12068931
flavobacterium columnare (flexibacter columnaris) associated with severe gill necrosis in koi carp (cyprinus carpio l).		2002	12074240
immunization of goldfish with excretory/secretory molecules of trypanosoma danilewskyi confers protection against infection.	trypanosoma danilewskyi is a protozoan that lives in blood and other tissues of fish. in the aquaculture industry, economic losses may be substantial, since the prevalence of infection may approach 100% and the parasite may cause significant mortality in farmed carp. most of the surviving fish acquire resistance after elimination of the primary infection. in this study, we examined whether protection against infection could be induced in naïve goldfish immunized with excretory-secretory (es) pro ...	2002	12074929
molecular variation of bothriocephalus acheilognathi yamaguti, 1934 (cestoda: pseudophyllidea) in different fish host species based on its rdna sequences.	the molecular variation in bothriocephalus acheilognathi yamaguti, 1934 from 11 species of freshwater fish collected in australia, china, the czech republic, england and hawaii was investigated by determining the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region. the length of the first and second internal transcribed spacer sequences of multiple individuals ranged from 553 to 571 bp and 553 to 615 bp, and the g + c content from 53.1 to 53.5%. the percentage sequence divergence vari ...	2002	12075148
role of specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity in protecting fish from viral infections.	we report the in vivo role of specific cytotoxic cells in protecting fish from acute viral infections. specifically, we found that (1) there is an inverse relationship between cytotoxic activities and viral load and (2) adoptive transfer of immune leukocytes prevented viral infection. crucian carp hematopoietic necrosis virus (chnv), which has a virulence to ginbuna crucian carp, was recently found and identified in japan. specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity of ginbuna leukocytes against chnv-in ...	2002	12083842
high glucuronidation activity of environmental estrogens in the carp (cyprinus carpino) intestine.	many adverse effects on carp reproductive organs have been reported to be caused by exposure to environmental estrogens, such as nonylphenol and bisphenol a, which contaminate the aquatic environment. the glucuronidation activities of xenoestrogens (bisphenol a and diethylstilbestrol) and phytoestrogens (coumestrol, genistein and biochanin a), but not nonylphenol and octylphenol, were observed in microsomes prepared from carp organs. the highest levels of glucuronidation of environmental estroge ...	2002	12084386
carp erythrocyte lipids as a potential target for the toxic action of zinc ions.	the effects of zinc on the lipid components of carp erythrocytes (cyprinus carpio l.) were studied on red blood cells exposed to znso4 (0.01-1 mm) for 20 h. the temperatures of the incubation medium were 5 and 20 degrees c for carp collected in winter and summer, respectively. it was observed that increase in the concentration of metal ions in the medium led to significant changes in the content of the main phospholipid classes. zinc induced the reduction of phosphatidylcholine as well as the in ...	2002	12084620
molecular cloning of growth hormone encoding cdna of indian major carps by a modified rapid amplification of cdna ends strategy.	a modified rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) strategy has been developed for cloning highly conserved cdna sequences. using this modified method, the growth hormone (gh) encoding cdna sequences of labeo rohita, cirrhina mrigala and catla catla have been cloned, characterized and overexpressed in escherichia coli. these sequences show 96-98% homology to each other and are about 85% homologous to that of common carp. besides, an attempt has been made for the first time to describe a 3-d mode ...	2002	12089475
carp oil or oleic acid, but not linoleic acid or linolenic acid, inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice.	i examined the effects of carp oil, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid on tumor growth and metastasis to the liver in mice implanted intrasplenically with highly metastatic lewis lung carcinoma (llc) tumors. carp oil (0.1 or 0.2 ml per mouse) significantly reduced tumor growth and metastasis to the liver. carp oil at 100 or 1000 mg/l inhibited the dna synthesis in llc cells, the capillary-like tube formation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (hmvec) at 1000 mg/l and the a ...	2002	12097695
gene structure of the carp fish ribosomal protein l41: seasonally regulated expression.	the seasonal acclimatization of the carp fish demands physiological compensatory responses. the process involves profound nucleolar adjustments and remarkable changes in rrna synthesis, which affect ribosomal biogenesis. we have documented that protein kinase ck2, whose activity is related to ribosomal protein l41 and the regulation of rrna synthesis, was expressed in notably higher amounts in summer-acclimatized carp compared to the cold-season adapted fish. thus, we approached the study of the ...	2002	12099677
a proposed serotyping system for flavobacterium psychrophilum.	to develop a common serological system for rapid and routine identification of the fish pathogen flavobacterium psychrophilum.	2002	12100595
association of a new c-cbl related protein with the very first stages of apoptosis induction.	this study investigates the involvement of the c-cbl proto-oncogene during the first stages of the apoptotic process. we have already shown that a c-cbl aptotosis-related protein of 90 kda (carp 90) is detected very rapidly in the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus of murine thymocytes after hydrocortisone (hc) treatment. we report here that this protein appeared as well after in vivo treatment of mice by gamma-irradiation or injection of anti-cd3 monoclonal antibody, two potent thymic apoptosi ...	2002	12102152
temperature plasticity of contractile proteins in fish muscle.	three myosin heavy chain isoforms with different actin-activated mg(2+)-atpase activities were found in the fast skeletal muscle from carp (cyprinus carpio) acclimated to 10 and 30 degrees c. the composition of three types of myosin heavy chain was dependent on acclimation temperature, demonstrating the presence of temperature-specific myosin isoforms in carp. subsequently, the temperature-dependence of the sliding velocity of fluorescent f-actin in myosins isolated from 10 degrees c- and 30 deg ...	2002	12110657
thermal plasticity of skeletal muscle phenotype in ectothermic vertebrates and its significance for locomotory behaviour.	seasonal cooling can modify the thermal preferenda of ectothermic vertebrates and elicit a variety of physiological responses ranging from winter dormancy to an acclimation response that partially compensates for the effects of low temperature on activity. partial compensation of activity levels is particularly common in aquatic species for which seasonal temperature changes provide a stable cue for initiating the response. thermal plasticity of locomotory performance has evolved independently o ...	2002	12110664
fibroin-like substance is a major component of the outer layer of fertilization envelope via which carp egg adheres to the substratum.	seven cdna encoding silkworm fibroin homologues were cloned from a carp ovarian cdna library. the encoded proteins are denoted as carp ovarian fibroin-like substances (fls). fls contain a repetitive domain consisting of tandem repeats of dipeptide of gly-x, where x may be any amino acid. each fls has its own unique repeating sequence, such as gqgagqgs, gqgmgqgm, grgqgeghgs, and gfgfgqgs, indicating a family of fls genes exists in carp. fls is exclusively expressed in oocytes and is stored in cor ...	2002	12112605
dopamine and nitric oxide control both flickering and steady-light-induced cone contraction and horizontal cell spinule formation in the teleost (carp) retina: serial interaction of dopamine and nitric oxide.	adaptation to ambient light, which is an important characteristic of the vertebrate visual system, involves cellular and subcellular (synaptic) plasticity of the retina. the present study investigated dopamine (da) and nitric oxide (no) as possible neurochemical modulators controlling cone photomechanical movements (pmms) and horizontal cell (hc) spinules in relation to steady and flickering light adaptation in the carp retina. haloperidol (hal; a nonspecific da receptor blocker) or cptio (a no ...	2002	12115683
screen for stage-specific expression genes between tail bud stage and heartbeat beginning stage in embryogenesis of gynogenetic silver crucian carp.	a systemic study was initiated to identify stage-specific expression genes in fish embryogenesis by using suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) technique. in this study, we presented a preliminary result on screen for stage-specific expression genes between tail bud stage (tbs) and heartbeat beginning stage (hbs) in gynogenetic silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio). two ssh plasmid libraries specific for tbs embryos and hbs embryos were constructed, and stage-specific expression ...	2002	12118939
modulation of gene expression in transgenic mouse hearts overexpressing calsequestrin.	calsequestrin (csq) is the major ca2+ binding protein of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (sr). transgenic mice overexpressing csq at the age of 7 weeks exhibit concentric cardiac hypertrophy, and by 13 weeks the condition progresses to dilated cardiomyopathy. the present study used a differential display analysis to identify genes whose expressions are modulated in the csq-overexpressing mouse hearts to provide information on the mechanism of transition from concentric cardiac hypertrophy to ...	2002	12127059
sex steroids and their involvement in the cortisol-induced inhibition of pubertal development in male common carp, cyprinus carpio l.	the onset and regulation of puberty is determined by functional development of the brain-pituitary-gonad (bpg) axis. sex steroids produced in the gonads play an important role in the onset of puberty. stress interferes with reproduction and the functioning of the bpg axis, and cortisol has frequently been indicated as a major factor mediating the suppressive effect of stress on reproduction. prolonged elevated cortisol levels, implicated in stress adaptation, inhibited pubertal development in ma ...	2002	12135883
inhibition of erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (alad) activity in fish from waters affected by lead smelters.	we assessed the effects on fish of lead (pb) released to streams by smelters located in trail, bc (canada), e. helena, mt, herculaneum, mo, and glover, mo. fish were collected by electrofishing from sites located downstream of smelters and from reference sites. blood from each fish was analyzed for delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (alad) activity and hemoglobin (hb), and samples of blood, liver, or carcass were analyzed for pb, zinc (zn), or both. fish collected downstream of all four smelt ...	2002	12139078
recombinant fish parvalbumins: candidates for diagnosis and treatment of fish allergy.	fish and fish products represent one of the most important causes of ige-mediated food hypersensitivity. in sensitized individuals contact with and consumption of fish can lead to severe health problems, ranging from urticaria and dermatitis to angiedema, diarrhoea, asthma and, at worst, systemic anaphylactic reactions and death. parvalbumin, a small calcium-binding protein present in the muscles of vertebrates, was identified as the major fish allergen. we describe the isolation and characteriz ...	2002	12144564
duckweed (lemna polyrhiza) leaf meal as a source of feedstuff in formulated diets for rohu (labeo rohita ham.) fingerlings after fermentation with a fish intestinal bacterium.	eight isonitrogenous (35% crude protein approximately) and isocaloric (4.2 kcal g(-1) approximately) diets were formulated including raw and fermented duckweed (lemna polyrhiza) leaf meal at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% levels. a particular bacterial strain (bacillus sp.) isolated from carp (cyprinus carpio) intestine and having extracellular amylolytic, cellulolytic, proteolytic and lipolytic activities was used for leaf meal fermentation for 15 days at 37 degrees c. the fibre content of leaf meal red ...	2002	12146637
the hatching of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) embryos in response to exposure to different concentrations of cryoprotectant at low temperatures.	the hatching performance of embryos of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) was examined after 1, 7, 14, 21, or 28 days of storage at -8, -6, -4, -2, 0, 2, or 4 degrees c with different concentrations of methanol (0.5-7.0 m in 0.5 m steps) or varying concentrations of methanol in 0.1 m sucrose or trehalose. preserved embryos failed to hatch after storage at -8 and -6 degrees c, regardless of the duration of storage or the concentrations tested. likewise, there was no hatching out above 5.0 m con ...	2002	12151266
glycosylated molecular variants of c-reactive proteins from the major carp catla catla in fresh and polluted aquatic environments.	elevated level of pollutant specific glycosylated molecular variants of c-reactive protein have been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the sera of major carp, catla catla confined in freshwater (crp(n)) and water polluted with nonlethal doses of cadmium (crp(cd)), mercury (crp(hg)), phenol (crp(ph)) and hexachlorocyclohexane (crp(hex)). these crps differ amongst themselves in electrophoretic mobility, and in their carbohydrate content ranging from 20-50%. crps interact with pneumococc ...	2001	12151716
bioavailability and toxicity of dietborne copper and zinc to fish.	to date, most researchers have used dietborne metal concentrations rather than daily doses to define metal exposure and this has resulted in contradictory data within and between fish species. it has also resulted in the impression that high concentrations of dietborne cu and zn (e.g. > 900 mg kg(-1) dry diet) are relatively non-toxic to fish. we re-analyzed existing data using rations and dietborne metal concentrations and used daily dose, species and life stage to define the toxicity of dietbo ...	2002	12161165
morphology and life cycle of apatemon hypseleotris species novum from australia including metacercariae viability and excystment.	experimental infection of pigeon squabs and rats with encysted metacercariae from the western carp gudgeon (hypseleotris klunzingeri) showed them to be infected with a new strigeid trematode, apatemon hypseleotris. growth and development of a. hypseleotris in pigeons were significantly higher than in rats. eggs appeared in pigeon faeces within 7-14 days; miracidia hatched within 15-21 days and in the snail lymnaea tomentosa released within 21 days. cercariae experimentally encysted in the leeche ...	2002	12161969
a novel functional class i lineage in zebrafish (danio rerio), carp (cyprinus carpio), and large barbus (barbus intermedius) showing an unusual conservation of the peptide binding domains.	species from all major jawed vertebrate taxa possess linked polymorphic class i and ii genes located in an mhc. the bony fish are exceptional with class i and ii genes located on different linkage groups. zebrafish (danio rerio), common carp (cyprinus carpio), and barbus (barbus intermedius) represent highly divergent cyprinid genera. the genera danio and cyprinus diverged 50 million years ago, while cyprinus and barbus separated 30 million years ago. in this study, we report the first complete ...	2002	12165519
effects of a parasite-induced nephritis on osmoregulation in the common carp cyprinus carpio.	carp cyprinus carpio infected with the haemoflagellate trypanoplasma borreli undergo progressive nephritis associated with a destruction of approx. 40% of the nephric tubules. in an attempt to analyse the effect of the nephritis on the osmoregulation of affected carp, the clinical chemical properties of plasma and urine samples were analysed. parasitised carp excreted greater amounts of electrolytes in their urine than uninfected carp which excreted highly diluted urine with an osmolality of abo ...	2002	12180703
first record of neoergasilus japonicus (poecilostomatoida: ergasilidae), a parasitic copepod new to the laurentian great lakes.	the parasitic copepod neoergasilus japonicus, native to eastern asia, was first collected from 4 species of fish (fathead minnow, pimephales promelas; largemouth bass, micropterus salmoides; pumpkinseed sunfish, lepomis gibbosus; and yellow perch, perca flavescens) in july 1994 in saginaw bay, lake huron, michigan. further sampling in the bay in 2001 revealed infections on 7 additional species (bluegill, lepomis macrochirus; carp, cyprinus carpio; channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus; goldfish, ...	2002	12197110
seasonal variation of plasmatic and hepatic vitellogenin and erod activity in carp, cyprinus carpio, in relation to sewage treatment plants.	concern about the health of aquatic fauna living in waters containing biologically active levels of estrogenic compounds is particularly focused on the effects on their reproductive success. to that end, carp, cyprinus carpio, a feral fish living in warm waters of southern europe (ne spain), were selected for signs of estrogenicity. the study area covered two tributaries (the anoia and the cardener) of the llobregat river both known to be polluted by estrogenic compounds. the estrogenicity in th ...	2002	12200088
immunisation of indian major carps against aeromonas hydrophila by intraperitoneal injection.	the indian major carps catla catla, labeo rohita and cirrhinus mrigala were immunised against the potent bacterial fish pathogen, aeromonas hydrophila by the intraperitoneal route, in field conditions. two different polyvalent antigen preparations namely, whole cell and extracellular products (ecp) were used. immunisation schedule consisting of a single booster dose given 28 days after priming resulted in a good agglutinating antibody response in the carps. kinetics of the response were similar ...	2002	12201649
cross-linking of zp2 and zp3 by transglutaminase is required for the formation of the outer layer of fertilization envelope of carp egg.	a transglutaminase (tgase) cdna was cloned from carp ovary. it was highly homologous to zebrafish tgase. immunoblot and enzymatical assay showed that tgase was present on the chorion and in the cytoplasm of carp eggs. addition of tgase inhibitor, cadaverine or ethylene diaminetetracetic acid (edta) to the cortical reaction medium impaired the formation of the outer layer of fertilization envelope (fe(o)), the adhesive structure of carp egg. fibroin-like substance (fls), cystatin, cathepsin-like ...	2002	12203834
a web-accessible complete transcriptome of normal human and dmd muscle.	we present an assessment of the complete transcriptome of human skeletal muscle in duchenne muscular dystrophy patient muscle and non-dystrophic controls (36 rnas analyzed from ten duchenne dystrophy and eight controls; approximately 65,000 gene/expressed sequence tag/probe sets queried on u95 five-genechip series and musclechip). the use of the multiple chip types allowed us to compare results from different probe sets for the same gene: we found excellent concordance between different probe se ...	2002	12206807
distribution of gfap immunoreactive structures in the rhombencephalon of the sterlet (acipenser ruthenus) and its evolutionary implication.	previous studies have revealed that although the brains of cypriniform teleosts (iberian barb, barbus comiza; carp, cyprinus carpio; goldfish, carassius auratus) are rich in glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap), they have, however, areas devoid of gfap immunoreactivity. the largest ones of these are in the rhombencephalon, e.g., the zones of the sensory and motor neurons in the vagal lobe. our studies in amniotes suggested that the gfap immunonegative areas could be characteristic of the more ...	2002	12210122
the carp muscle-specific sub-isoenzymes of creatine kinase form distinct dimers at different temperatures.	we have previously cloned three muscle-specific sub-isoforms of creatine kinase (ck, ec 2.7.3.2) from the common carp ( cyprinus carpio ), designated m1-ck, m2-ck, and m3-ck. the enzyme has a key role in maintaining the energy homoeostasis of cells with fluctuating energy requirements. in the present paper, we report that all three m-cks in the red and white muscle of different temperature-acclimatized carp were ubiquitously distributed in the cytosol and along membranes. in addition, the expres ...	2002	12213085
suppression in function of phagocytic cells in common carp cyprinus carpio l. injected with estradiol, progesterone or 11-ketotestosterone.	the modulation of phagocytic cells by beta-estradiol, 11-ketotestosterone, progesterone and cortisol was analysed in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). carp were injected intraperitoneally (1 and 5 microg/kg fish) with each steroid and the activity of kidney macrophages was recorded 1 and 3 days post-injection. bovine serum albumin-injected fish served as controls. phagocytosis, superoxide anion and nitric oxide production were suppressed in all sex steroid treatments, and the suppression was in ...	2002	12223196
zn(2+) modulates light responses of color-opponent bipolar and amacrine cells in the carp retina.	the effects of zn(2+) on color-opponent bipolar cells (bcs) and amacrine cells (acs) were studied in the isolated superfused carp retina using intracellular recording techniques. bath-applied zn(2+) (25 micro m) depolarized r(+)g(-)-type bcs and suppressed both depolarizing responses of these cells to red (680 nm) flashes and hyperpolarizing ones to green (500 nm) flashes. following zn(2+) application, g(+)r(-)-type bcs were hyperpolarized, which was accompanied by a potentiation of their depola ...	2002	12242098
marker enzyme assessment in the liver of cyprinus carpio (l.) exposed to 2,4-d and azinphosmethyl.	the potential utility of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation as indicators of exposure to 2,4-d and azinphosmethyl together with the toxic effects of these compounds in freshwater fish cyprinus carpio were evaluated. biochemical parameters were recorded spectrophotometrically in fish liver, which were exposed to a single dose of 2,4-d and azinphosmehtyl (1/3 lc(50)), and their mixture at 1:1 ratio for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. the most sensitive parameter was glutathione s-transferase (gst) a ...	2002	12242687
republic act no. 6657, 10 june 1988.	this act institutes the comprehensive agrarian reform program (carp). carp takes as its declared aim "the establishment of owner cultivatorship of economic-size farms as the basis of philippine agriculture" (section 2). it prohibits the retention by landowners of more than five hectares of land and, for each child of the landowner over 15 years old, an additional three hectares, providing he or she is personally cultivating that land (section 6). that limit of three hectares is also the upper ...	1988	12289467
copper speciation in the gill microenvironment of carp (cyprinus carpio) at various levels of ph.	the fish gill microenvironment of cyprinus carpio under stress of copper exposure was investigated. ph and other parameters including free copper activity, alkalinity, and inorganic and organic carbons in the surrounding water (inspired water) and in the gill microenvironment (expired water) were measured or calculated at various levels of ph and varying total copper concentrations. the chemical equilibrium calculation (from mineqa2) and complexation modeling (mucus-copper) were coupled to calcu ...	2002	12297083
isolation, expression and characterization of carp retinol-binding protein.	vitamin a alcohol and its precursors carotenoids are introduced in the organism with the diet, transported to the liver and from there as retinol to target tissues by a specific carrier, the retinol-binding protein (rbp). rbp, isolated and characterized in many vertebrates, shows very high homology among the species investigated; however, very little is known in fish. in the present work rbp cdna isolated from a carp liver library was transcribed and translated in vitro and the corresponding pro ...	2002	12354658
evaluation of the tissue reactions in the skin and body wall of koi (cyprinus carpio) to five suture materials.	five different suture materials (silk, monofilament nylon, polyglyconate, polyglactin 910, and chromic gut) were placed in the skin and body wall of 10 doitsu (scaleless) koi (cyprinus carpio). after seven days the sutures were retrieved from five of the fish in 5 mm and 6 mm punch biopsies, and after 14 days they were retrieved in the same way from the other five. the tissue reactions were evaluated by gross visual inspection and by histological examination. the total inflammatory reaction was ...	2002	12356236
efficacy of water hyacinth compost in nursery ponds for larval rearing of indian major carp, labeo rohita.	the use of water hyacinth compost as manure in nursery ponds for larval rearing of indian major carp, labeo rohita was studied. better performance with regard to growth and survivability of the larvae was recorded in the ponds treated with water hyacinth compost (group a) than in either the ponds treated with inorganic fertilizers (group b) or the ponds where no treatment was applied (group c). the average percentages of survival in groups a, b and c were 14.3, 11.2 and 5.0, respectively. thus a ...	2002	12365499
endocrine disruptors in sewage treatment plants, receiving river waters, and sediments: integration of chemical analysis and biological effects on feral carp.	occurrence of alkylphenol ethoxylates or their metabolites (alkylphenols and carboxylated derivatives), as well as natural and synthetic steroids in sewage treatment plant (stp) effluents and in their receiving waters, has been related to biological effects, measured as alterations of plasma vitellogenin (vtg) concentration in natural fish populations. water composites of stp influents, effluents, sludge, river water, sediment, and feral carps (cyprinus carpio) were analyzed over a seven-month p ...	2002	12371491
differential regulation of the two metallothionein genes in common carp.	the expression of two metallothionein (mt) genes was followed in carp (cyprimus carpio) in vivo during exposure to as and cu. changes in the levels of mt-1 and mt-2 mrna in the liver and kidney were detected by semi-quantitative rt-pcr. the inducibility of the two mt isoforms was tissue- and metal-specific. regardless of whether as or cu was applied, the liver was more responsive than the kidney. copper influenced the expression of both isoforms: the mt-1 and mt-2 mrna levels increased in both t ...	2002	12371614
influence of the polyphenolic tannic acid on the toxicity of the insecticide deltametihrin to fish. a comparative study examining both biochemical and cytopathological parameters.	humics and pesticides are present in aquatic environment and the toxicological consequences of their chemical interaction is well studied. however, data concerning the mechanism of the biochemical action of humic-pesticide combinations are scarce, especially in vertebrates. thus we have chosen to study the in vivo effects of the plant polyphenolic tannic acid and the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin [decis] alone or in combination on hepatic xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme activities and the a ...	2002	12371615
in vitro antiestrogenic effects of aryl methyl sulfone metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene on 17beta-estradiol-induced gene expression in several bioassay systems.	methylsulfonyl (meso(2)) metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene (4,4'-dde), itself a metabolite of the insecticide 4,4'-ddt, are emerging as a major class of contaminants in the tissues of wildlife and humans. we investigated the antiestrogenic capacity and potencies of 3'- and 4'-meso(2)-2,2',4,5,5'-pentachlorobiphenyl (cb101) and -2,2',4,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (cb49), which are among the most environmentally persistent meso(2)-pcbs, and 3 ...	2002	12377985
relationships between persistent organic chemicals residues and biochemical constituents in fish from a protected area: the french national nature reserve of camargue.	the reserve of biosphere of camargue [french national nature reserve of camargue (nnrc)] is a protected area frequently exposed to natural and anthropogenic environmental alterations. to evaluate potential contamination of fish with lipophilic chemicals-organochlorines (ocs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs)-a biological monitoring survey was carried out. metabolic reserve levels were evaluated to select appropriate biological indicators able to be significant biomarkers. in addition, ...	2002	12379424
primary structure of myosin heavy chain from fast skeletal muscle of chum salmon oncorhynchus keta.	the nucleotide sequence of the cdna encoding myosin heavy chain of chum salmon oncorhynchus keta fast skeletal muscle was determined. the sequence consists of 5,994 bp, including 5,814 bp of translated region deducing an amino acid sequence of 1,937 residues. the deduced sequence showed 79% homology to that of rabbit fast skeletal myosin and 84-87% homology to those of fast skeletal myosins from walleye pollack, white croaker and carp. the putative binding-sites for atp, actin and regulatory lig ...	2002	12381388
antioxidant response modulated by copper in healthy or parasitized carp (cyprinus carpio l.) by ptychobothrium sp. (cestoda).	an increased antioxidant response (catalase, glutathione s-transferase (gst) and glutathione reductase (grd) activities in liver and gst activity in head kidney) was observed in carp parasitized by ptychobothrium sp. compared to healthy fish. in case of a copper contamination of these fish, the decrease in enzymatic activities observed was less pronounced in parasitized than in healthy carp.	2002	12383935
alpha(1)-adrenergic activation of the cardiac ankyrin repeat protein gene in cardiac myocytes.	cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (carp) is a nuclear transcription cofactor that is activated by multiple signaling pathways in hypertrophic cardiac myocytes. since carp has been reported to be a transcriptional co-repressor, its activation during hypertrophy might contribute to the deregulation of gene expression leading to heart failure. here, we found that alpha(1)-adrenergic signaling activates carp mrna expression in rat cardiac myocytes. to examine how alpha(1)-adrenergic signaling activates ...	2002	12384280
changes of carp fof1-atpase in association with temperature acclimation.	previously we have shown, using two-dimensional electrophoresis, that mitochondrial atp synthase (f(o)f(1)-atpase) beta-subunit is the 55-kda protein increased in cold-acclimated carp cyprinus carpio (kikuchi k, itoi s, and watabe s. fisheries sci 65: 629-636, 1999). to clarify the coordinate expression in various subunits of carp f(o)f(1)-atpase with temperature acclimation, we examined the differences in mrna levels of mitochondrial proteins encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial genes in f ...	2003	12388464
differential expression of cold- and diet-specific genes encoding two carp liver delta 9-acyl-coa desaturase isoforms.	carp respond to cold by the upregulated expression of delta9-acyl-coa desaturase. here we report the cloning and characterization of cds2, a second delta9-acyl coa-desaturase expressed in carp liver. both cds1 and cds2 complemented the ole1 mutation in saccharomyces cerevisiae, permitting the synthesis of delta9-monounsaturates, confirming their identity as delta9-desaturases. we demonstrate that under a standard feeding regime it is the cds2, and not cds1, transcript that is transiently upregul ...	2003	12388470
in vitro assessment of potential mechanism-specific effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers.	this study examined the ability of environmentally relevant concentrations of 10 different polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) to induce aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr)- and estrogen receptor (er)-mediated gene expression in vitro. it also examined the ability of pbdes to displace steroid hormones from serum proteins in vitro. at concentrations ranging up to 880 ng/ ml, none of the pbdes significantly displaced tritiated 17beta-estradiol (e2) or testosterone from hormone-stripped carp serum. ...	2002	12389923