Publications

generating and manipulating transgenic animals using transposable elements.	transposable elements, or transposons, have played a significant role in the history of biological research. they have had a major influence on the structure of genomes during evolution, they can cause mutations, and their study led to the concept of so-called "selfish dna". in addition, transposons have been manipulated as useful gene transfer vectors. while primarily restricted to use in invertebrates, prokaryotes, and plants, it is now clear that transposon technology and biology are just as ...	2003	14613544
chitinolytic activities in the gut of aedes aegypti (diptera:culicidae) larvae and their role in digestion of chitin-rich structures.	mosquito larvae are believed to be capable of digesting chitin, an insoluble polysaccharide of n-acetylglucosamine, for their nutritional benefit. studies based on physiological and biochemical assays were conducted in order to detect the presence of chitinase activities in the gut of the detritus-feeding aedes aegypti larvae. larvae placed for 24 h in suspensions of chitin azure were able to digest the ingested chitin. semi-denaturing page using glycol chitin and two fluorogenic substrate analo ...	2003	14613799
the construction of an est database for bombyx mori and its application.	to build a foundation for the complete genome analysis of bombyx mori, we have constructed an est database. because gene expression patterns deeply depend on tissues as well as developmental stages, we analyzed many cdna libraries prepared from various tissues and different developmental stages to cover the entire set of bombyx genes. so far, the bombyx est database contains 35,000 ests from 36 cdna libraries, which are grouped into approximately 11,000 nonredundant ests with the average length ...	2003	14614147
creb isoform represses yolk protein gene expression in the mosquito fat body.	in mosquitoes, the steroid 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) is the main regulator of yolk protein precursor (ypp) gene expression. however, peptide hormones have also been implicated. to investigate involvement of the camp-mediated signal-transduction cascade in regulation of mosquito vitellogenic events, we cloned an aedes aegypti camp response element binding protein (aacreb). the aacreb contained the domains characteristic to members of the camp response element binding protein (creb) family of trans ...	2003	14615059
the role of reactive oxygen species on plasmodium melanotic encapsulation in anopheles gambiae.	malaria transmission depends on the competence of some anopheles mosquitoes to sustain plasmodium development (susceptibility). a genetically selected refractory strain of anopheles gambiae blocks plasmodium development, melanizing, and encapsulating the parasite in a reaction that begins with tyrosine oxidation, and involves three quantitative trait loci. morphological and microarray mrna expression analysis suggest that the refractory and susceptible strains have broad physiological difference ...	2003	14623973
beyond the fire-hazard mentality of medicine: the ecology of infectious diseases.		2003	14624236
[interepidemic transmission of dengue in the city of colima, mexico].	to determine the occurrence of interepidemic dengue in a community infested with aedes aegypti and to analyze its epidemiologic characteristics.	2003	14628616
sex-specific reaction norms to intraspecific larval competition in the mosquito aedes aegypti.	as the relationship between a given life-history trait and fitness is not necessarily the same for the two sexes, an 'intersexual ontogenetic conflict' may arise. we analysed the phenotypic reaction to intraspecific larval competition of the mosquito, aedes aegypti, asking: (i) do both sexes pay the cost of competition with the same life-history traits and are they equal competitors? (ii) is there a specific cost of competition beyond sharing food resources? we found that competition incurs a sp ...	2003	14632235
acute atrial fibrillation during dengue hemorrhagic fever.	dengue fever is a viral infection transmitted by the mosquito, aedes aegypti. cardiac rhythm disorders, such as atrioventricular blocks and ventricular ectopic beats, appear during infection and are attributed to viral myocarditis. however, supraventricular arrhythmias have not been reported. we present a case of acute atrial fibrillation, with a rapid ventricular rate, successfully treated with intravenous amiodarone, in a 62-year-old man with dengue hemorrhagic fever, who had no structural hea ...	2003	14636482
removal of wolbachia from brugia pahangi is closely linked to worm death and fecundity but does not result in altered lymphatic lesion formation in mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus).	approximately 30 years ago, researchers reported intracellular bacteria in filarial nematodes. these bacteria are relatives of the arthropod symbiont wolbachia and occur in many filarial nematodes, including brugia pahangi and brugia malayi. wolbachia bacteria have been implicated in a variety of roles, including filaria development and fecundity and the pathogenesis of lymphatic lesions associated with filarial infections. however, the role of the bacteria in worm biology or filarial disease is ...	2003	14638788
monoclonal antibody mg96 completely blocks plasmodium yoelii development in anopheles stephensi.	in spite of research efforts to develop vaccines against the causative agent of human malaria, plasmodium falciparum, effective control remains elusive. the predominant vaccine strategy focuses on targeting parasite blood stages in the vertebrate host. an alternative approach has been the development of transmission-blocking vaccines (tbvs). tbvs target antigens on parasite sexual stages that persist within the insect vector, anopheline mosquitoes, or target mosquito midgut proteins that are pre ...	2003	14638789
learning and memory in the mosquito aedes aegypti shown by conditioning against oviposition deterrence.	oviposition site choice by female mosquitoes, aedes aegypti (l) (diptera: culicidae), was affected by rearing them in water treated with 0.016% of the repellent mozaway trade mark containing citronella and neem. given a choice between a bowl of repellent-treated and a bowl of untreated water, ae. aegypti reared in untreated water strongly preferred to oviposit on the clean water (93-98%) instead of repellent-treated water. this demonstrates effective deterrence of oviposition by dilute mozaway t ...	2003	14651662
emodin isolated from cassia obtusifolia (leguminosae) seed shows larvicidal activity against three mosquito species.	mosquito larvicidal activity of cassia obtusifolia (leguminosae) seed-derived materials against the fourth-instar larvae of aedes aegypti, aedes togoi, and culex pipiens pallens was examined. the chloroform fraction of c. obtusifolia extract showed a strong larvicidal activity of 100% mortality at 25 mg/l. the biologically active component of c. obtusifolia seeds was characterized as emodin by spectroscopic analyses. the lc(50) values of emodin were 1.4, 1.9, and 2.2 mg/l against c. pipiens pall ...	2003	14664519
[dominance of aedes aegypti over aedes albopictus in the southeastern coast of brazil].	to assess infestation of aedes aegypti and aedes albopiticus and describe their association with weather conditions and container colonization in urban areas.	2003	14666302
[potential of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis berliner for controlling aedes aegypti].	the importance of the entomopathogenic bacterium bacillus thuringiensis israelensis in the control of aedes aegypti is presented. the use and potential of b. thuringiensis israelensis against the mosquito vector of dengue fever is described. other aspects such as insect's resistance development against chemicals and advantages and constraints of using microbial control are discussed. emphasis is given to the importance of the use of this bacterium in brazil, which could contribute significantly ...	2003	14666315
cry29a and cry30a: two novel delta-endotoxins isolated from bacillus thuringiensis serovar medellin.	two novel crystal protein genes from a highly mosquitocidal bacillus thuringiensis serovar medellin strain were cloned and sequenced. the corresponding proteins, cry29a and cry30a, were nontoxic when tested individually against the mosquito species bioassayed (aedes aegypti, culex pipiens and anopheles stephensi). however, cry29a synergized the toxicity of cry11bb against aedes aegypti by a four-fold factor.	2003	14666976
raised houses reduce mosquito bites.	background: in many parts of continental africa house construction does not appear to impede entry of malaria vectors and, given their generally late biting cycle, the great majority of transmission takes place indoors. in contrast, many houses in são tomé, 140 km off the coast of gabon, are raised on stilts and built of wooden planks. building on stilts is a time-honoured, but largely untested, way of avoiding mosquito bites. exposure may also be affected by mosquito activity times and age comp ...	2003	14667242
an external loop region of domain iii of dengue virus type 2 envelope protein is involved in serotype-specific binding to mosquito but not mammalian cells.	dengue virus (dv) is a flavivirus and infects mammalian cells through mosquito vectors. this study investigates the roles of domain iii of dv type 2 envelope protein (eiii) in dv binding to the host cell. recombinant eiii interferes with dv infection to bhk21 and c6/36 cells by blocking dengue virion adsorption to these cells. inhibition of eiii on bhk21 cells was broad with no serotype specificity; however, inhibition of eiii on c6/36 cells was relatively serotype specific. soluble heparin comp ...	2004	14671119
behaviour of filariae: morphological and anatomical signatures of their life style within the arthropod and vertebrate hosts.	this paper attempts to pinpoint the most original morphological anatomical features of the biology of filariae per se and those which are or could be important for triggering regulatory processes in the arthropod vector and uncontrolled pathogenic processes in the vertebrate hosts. the following stages are considered: the motile egg or newly-hatched larva, the microfilaria, in the lymphatic or blood vessels of its vertebrate host; the larva, its migrations and its intrasyncitial development in t ...	2003	14675490
genetic differentiation of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae), the major dengue vector in brazil.	in 2000, brazil reported 180,137 cases of dengue, approximately 80% of the total in the americas. however, little is known about gene flow among the vector populations in brazil. random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) was used to study the genetic structure of aedes aegypti in 15 populations from five states, with a range extending 2,800 km. an analysis of 47 polymorphic rapd loci estimated gene flow at the macro- (different states) and micro- (different cities) geographical levels. genetic pol ...	2003	14680106
field evaluation of a lethal ovitrap for the control of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in thailand.	in 1999 and 2000 we evaluated a lethal ovitrap (lo) for the control of aedes aegypti (l.) in three villages in ratchaburi province, thailand. two blocks of 50 houses (a minimum of 250 m apart) served as treatment and control sites in each village, with each house in the treatment area receiving 10 los. thirty houses in the center of each treatment and control block were selected as sampling sites, with larval and adult mosquito sampling initiated when los were placed. sampling was conducted week ...	2003	14680111
olfactometric evaluation of spatial repellents for aedes aegypti.	the spatial repellency responses of aedes aegypti (l.) to deet, dehydrolinalool and linalool were evaluated using a dual port olfactometer. in the absence of human attractant mixture, each of the three chemicals resulted in activation and/or orientation of mosquitoes to the chemical source. linalool was the most attractive compound. in the presence of human attractant mixture, activation and/or orientation of mosquitoes to each of the three chemicals was reduced. we compared reductions in mosqui ...	2003	14680112
methoprene interferes with mosquito midgut remodeling during metamorphosis.	many juvenile hormone analogs interfere with insect metamorphosis, a property that makes them useful in insect control and as investigatorial tools with which to study metamorphic mechanisms. we report that one such analog, methoprene, interferes with mosquito metamorphic midgut remodeling. methoprene treated aedes aegypti (l.), aedes albopictus (skuse), and culex quinquefasciatus (say) fourth instars pupate, but the pupal midguts are morphologically similar to larval midguts. the degree of midg ...	2003	14680117
a simple parafilm m-based method for blood-feeding aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae).	a simple device for blood-feeding aedes (stegomyia) mosquitoes is described. parafilm m is stretched and pressed into fiberglass window screen to form a packet for holding warmed blood. the method has been used successfully to maintain aedes albopictus colonies for >2 yr. in typical blood-feeding trials, 53 +/- 0.8% (+/-se) of aedes aegypti (linnaeus) and 31 +/- 6% of ae. albopictus (skuse) fed to repletion.	2003	14680132
[dengue]	objective: to review the literature about epidemiological, clinical and preventive aspects of hemorrhagic dengue fever in children, and to provide brazilian pediatricians with an update on dengue methods: we reviewed medline and classic texts.results: dengue is an arbovirus disease, transmitted by aedes aegypti, a mosquito that feeds indoors and is disseminated in brazil. its clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic forms to acute disease with fever, myalgia, headache and rash. evolution w ...	1999	14685479
relative efficacy of five synthetic pyrethroids against four vector mosquitoes, anopheles culicifacies, anopheles stephensi, culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti.		2013	14686108
effects of leucokinin-viii on aedes malpighian tubule segments lacking stellate cells.	the diuretic peptide leucokinin is known to increase fluid secretion in malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti by increasing a transepithelial cl(-) conductance. the present study sought to examine whether stellate cells provided this transepithelial conductance in aedes malpighian tubules as they do in drosophila malpighian tubules. aedes malpighian tubule segments with and without stellate cells were perfused in vitro for measurements of the transepithelial voltage (v(t) ...	2004	14691099
characteristics of the spatial pattern of the dengue vector, aedes aegypti, in iquitos, peru.	we determine the spatial pattern of aedes aegypti and the containers in which they develop in two neighborhoods of the amazonian city of iquitos, peru. four variables were examined: adult ae. aegypti, pupae, containers positive for larvae or pupae, and all water-holding containers. adults clustered strongly within houses and weakly to a distance of 30 meters beyond the household; clustering was not detected beyond 10 meters for positive containers or pupae. over short periods of time restricted ...	2003	14695086
microevolution and virulence of dengue viruses.	the evolution of dengue viruses has had a major impact on their virulence for humans and on the epidemiology of dengue disease around the world. although antigenic and genetic differences in virus strains had become evident, it is mainly due to the lack of animal models of disease that has made it difficult to detect differences in virulence of dengue viruses. however, phylogenetic studies of many different dengue virus samples have led to the association between specific genotypes (within serot ...	2003	14696333
aedes aegypti in brazil: genetically differentiated populations with high susceptibility to dengue and yellow fever viruses.	aedes aegypti was eliminated from brazil in 1955, but re-infested the country in the 1970s. dengue outbreaks have occurred since 1981 and became endemic in several cities in brazil after 1986. urban yellow fever has not occurred since 1942, and only jungle yellow fever cases have been reported. a population genetic analysis using isoenzyme variation combined with an evaluation of susceptibility to both yellow fever and dengue 2 viruses was conducted among 23 a. aegypti samples from 13 brazilian ...	2004	14702837
genetic relationships among populations of aedes aegypti in taiwan by using phenotypic and random amplified dna-polymerase chain reaction markers.	an analysis of gene flow was conducted among collections of aedes aegypti from 7 localities along the southwestern and southeastern coasts in taiwan. markers include 7 types of scaling patterns and 23 random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) loci amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. differences in scaling pattern and in the frequencies of rapd markers were detected among populations and cluster analyses revealed 2 main groups on each side of the central mountain range. regression analysis ...	2003	14710733
age-dependent bloodfeeding of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus on artificial and living hosts.	in order to quantify age-dependent acquisition of a bloodmeal, we compared bloodfeeding patterns of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus starting from the time of first responsiveness to a bloodmeal up to 15 days postemergence. in separate experiments, cohorts of ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus of known age were offered their first bloodmeal from a silicon-membrane system or a restrained chicken. for cohorts ranging from 3 to 15 days old, the proportions feeding were significantly affected by speci ...	2003	14710735
laboratory evaluation of 18 repellent compounds as oviposition deterrents of aedes albopictus and as larvicides of aedes aegypti, anopheles quadrimaculatus, and culex quinquefasciatus.	among 18 experimental skin repellent compounds tested at five concentrations in the laboratory as oviposition deterrents against aedes albopictus. 12 compounds showed significant activity, with median effective dose values ranging from 0.005 to 0.052%. the test compounds also were evaluated in the laboratory as larvicides against laboratory-reared 4th instars of aedes aegypti, anopheles quadrimaculatus, and culex quinquefasciatus with the same concentrations employed for the oviposition deterren ...	2003	14710743
susceptibility of italian populations of aedes albopictus to temephos and to other insecticides.	we evaluated larval and adult susceptibility to 5 insecticides commonly used for control of aedes albopictus, by using 15 field-collected populations from northern and central italy, and we compared these data, collected in 2002, with those from evaluations conducted in 1992-93, 1996, and 1998-99. larvae were tested for susceptibility to temephos and to the conventional diagnostic dosages of chlorpyrifos and fenthion proposed by the world health organization for aedes aegypti. adults were expose ...	2003	14710746
evaluation of carbon dioxide- and 1-octen-3-ol-baited centers for disease control fay-prince traps to collect aedes albopictus.	during the summer of 2001, field studies were performed to evaluate the effects of carbon dioxide (co2) and 1-octen-3-ol (octenol) on the ability to collect aedes albopictus with centers for disease control (cdc) fay-prince traps. results from these studies indicated that ae. albopictus is significantly more attracted to co2- or co2 + octenol-baited cdc fay-prince traps than unbaited or octenol-baited traps. however, the difference between the responses to co2 and co2 + octenol was not statistic ...	0	14710753
assessing fitness costs for transgenic aedes aegypti expressing the gfp marker and transposase genes.	the development of transgenic mosquitoes that are refractory to the transmission of human diseases such as malaria, dengue, and yellow fever has received much interest due to the ability to transform a number of vector mosquito species with transposable elements. transgenic strains of mosquitoes have been generated with molecular techniques that exhibit a reduced capacity to transmit pathogens. these advancements have led to questions regarding the fitness of transgenic mosquitoes and the abilit ...	2004	14711992
comparative susceptibility to oral infection with dengue viruses among local strains of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) collected at different seasons of the year.	the vector competence of aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes, collected during the hot, rainy and cool seasons from different localities in thailand, was tested for a correlation with a seasonal cyclic pattern of dengue incidence. under laboratory conditions, some groups of mosquitoes exhibited differences in susceptibility to oral infection but showed no correlation to dengue cases that peak during the rainy season. thus, the environmental conditions of each season, although they might affect a tempo ...	2003	14714664
seasonal prevalence and container preferences of aedes albopictus in santo domingo city, dominican republic.	the seasonal prevalence and container preferences of aedes albopictus (skuse) were studied in the park, parque mirador del norte in santo domingo city, dominican republic, from january to december 1994. tire ovitraps were set along a transect through the park and monitored weekly while two larval surveys were conducted in both the park and surrounding houses using standard entomological methodology. no seasonal pattern of oviposition was observed with similar numbers of positive tire traps colle ...	2003	14714670
laboratory and field evaluation of novaluron, a new acylurea insect growth regulator, against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).	novaluron, a new chitin synthesis inhibitor type of insect growth regulator, was evaluated in the laboratory and field against larvae of the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.). in the laboratory, the technical material showed a high level of activity against 2nd and 4th instar larvae. the inhibition of emergence (ie) was 100% at concentrations of 0.25 to 1.0 microg/l. second instars were slightly more susceptible than fourth instars. at the high concentration (1 ppb), most of the mortality occurred in ...	2003	14714674
dengue-1 virus isolation during first dengue fever outbreak on easter island, chile.	dengue virus was detected for the first time in chile, in an outbreak of dengue fever on easter island. the virus was isolated in tissue culture and characterized by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction as being dengue type 1.	2003	14718094
global change and human vulnerability to vector-borne diseases.	global change includes climate change and climate variability, land use, water storage and irrigation, human population growth and urbanization, trade and travel, and chemical pollution. impacts on vector-borne diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, infections by other arboviruses, schistosomiasis, trypanosomiasis, onchocerciasis, and leishmaniasis are reviewed. while climate change is global in nature and poses unknown future risks to humans and natural ecosystems, other local changes are o ...	2004	14726459
epidemiological and entomological surveillance of the co-circulation of den-1, den-2 and den-4 viruses in french guiana.	we surveyed the disease epidemiology of dengue in french guiana after the first dengue haemorrhagic fever epidemic from 1991 to 1993 and during an endemic period from 1993 to 1995. den-1, den-2 and den-4 viruses were isolated from patients and den-4 was also isolated from aedes aegypti mosquitoes. cases of dengue were reported from all over the country, not only from urban areas, but also from rural areas and isolated human settlements, indicating widespread circulation of the viruses. the mosqu ...	2004	14728605
characterization of an aedes aegypti bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library and chromosomal assignment of bac clones for physical mapping quantitative trait loci that influence plasmodium susceptibility.	previous studies have confirmed a genetic basis for susceptibility of mosquitoes to plasmodium parasites. here we describe our efforts to characterize a bacterial artificial chromosome genomic library for the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, and to identify bac clones containing genetic markers that define quantitative trait loci (qtl) for plasmodium gallinaceum susceptibility. this library (ndl) was prepared from the ae. aegypti liverpool strain and consists of 50 304 clones arrayed in 384 ...	2004	14728665
development of a new sindbis virus transducing system and its characterization in three culicine mosquitoes and two lepidopteran species.	alphavirus transducing systems (atss) are alphavirus-based tools for expressing genes in insects. here we describe an ats (5'dsmre16ic) based entirely on sindbis mre16 virus. gfp expression was used to characterize alimentary tract infections and dissemination in three culicine and two lepidopteran species. following per os infection, 5'dsmre16ic-egfp efficiently infected aedes aegypti and culex tritaeniorhynchus, but not culex pipiens pipiens. ae. aegypti clearly showed accumulation of green fl ...	2004	14728670
collagenolytic serine protease pc and trypsin pc from king crab paralithodes camtschaticus: cdna cloning and primary structure of the enzymes.	in this paper, we describe cdna cloning of a new anionic trypsin and a collagenolytic serine protease from king crab paralithodes camtschaticus and the elucidation of their primary structures. constructing the phylogenetic tree of these enzymes was undertaken in order to prove the evolutionary relationship between them.	2004	14731305
human transportation influences aedes aegypti gene flow in southeast asia.	estimates of population genetic organization and gene flow of aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue viruses, have provided insights into dengue epidemiology. to assess the role of the vector in the changing pattern of dengue in southeast asia, extensive studies on the genetic differentiation of aedes aegypti have been carried out. among them, vector differentiation has been estimated for cambodia, thailand and south vietnam using microsatellite markers. analysis showed that there was less gen ...	2004	14739019
use of a geographic information system for defining spatial risk for dengue transmission in bangladesh: role for aedes albopictus in an urban outbreak.	we used conventional and spatial analytical tools to characterize patterns of transmission during a community-wide outbreak of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever in dhaka, bangladesh in 2000. a comprehensive household-level mosquito vector survey and interview was conducted to obtain data on mosquito species and breeding as well as illness consistent with dengue. clusters of dengue illnesses and high-density vector populations were observed in a distinct sector of the city. dengue cluster ...	2003	14740881
comparative delta-endotoxins of bacillus thuringiensis against mosquito vectors (aedes aegypti and culex pipiens).	pure crystals of seven bacillus thuringiensis field isolates from the lower silesia region (poland) were tested against larvae of aedes aegypti l. and culex pipiens l. (culicidae, diptera). the crystals of opq3 phylloplane isolate (belonging to the first biochemical type of b. thuringiensis subsp. japonensis, yoso, jinghongiensis) killed from 68 +/- 7% to 84 +/- 7% of the fourth instar larvae of a. aegypti. the crystals of two other strains (kpf3 and kpc1) of this group caused mortality between ...	2003	14743982
allomonal effect of breath contributes to differential attractiveness of humans to the african malaria vector anopheles gambiae.	background: removal of exhaled air from total body emanations or artificially standardising carbon dioxide (co2) outputs has previously been shown to eliminate differential attractiveness of humans to certain blackfly (simuliidae) and mosquito (culicidae) species. whether or not breath contributes to between-person differences in relative attractiveness to the highly anthropophilic malaria vector anopheles gambiae sensu stricto remains unknown and was the focus of the present study. methods: the ...	2004	14748930
convergent habitat segregation of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in southeastern brazil and florida.	during the rainy season of 2001, the incidence of the dengue vectors aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus was examined in different habitats of two cities (rio de janeiro and nova iguaçu) in rio de janeiro state, brazil, and in two cities (palm beach and boca raton) in florida. oviposition trap collections were performed in urban, suburban, and rural habitats in both areas. our hypothesis that the abundances and frequencies of occurrence of ae. aegypti and ae albopictus are affected in opposite ways ...	2003	14765654
the impact of selective oviposition and infection with plagiorchis elegans on aedes aegypti pre-imago population dynamics at optimal food availability.	progressive changes in the attraction of waters harboring pre-imago populations of aedes aegypti exposed to different levels of the entomopathogenic digenean plagiorchis elegans to ovipositing conspecific females were assessed under conditions of optimal food availability. the impact of ovipositional preference and parasitic infection on population structure and development was investigated. probabilities that larvae progress from one stage to the next or die within 24 h were calculated for all ...	2003	14765660
contact toxicity and residual activity of different permethrin-based fabric impregnation methods for aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae), ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae), and lepisma saccharina (thysanura: lepismatidae).	the effectiveness and residual activities of permethrin-impregnated military battle dress uniforms were evaluated by comparing a new company-manufactured ready-to-use polymer-coating method with two "dipping methods" that are currently used to treat uniforms. residual permethrin amounts and remaining contact toxicities on treated fabrics before and after up to 100 launderings were tested against aedes aegypti (l.), ixodes ricinus (l.), and lepisma saccharina (l.). the residual amount of permethr ...	2003	14765673
enhanced vector competence of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) from the torres strait compared with mainland australia for dengue 2 and 4 viruses.	australian aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes colonized from the torres strait and three mainland localities (charters towers, townsville, and cairns) were fed on blood suspensions containing dengue virus type 2 (den-2) or dengue virus type 4 (den-4). variation was found in oral susceptibility to den-2 (59 -99% infection) and den-4 (28-79% infection) among ae. aegypti assayed for virus at 8, 12, 16, or 20 d after ingestion of infected blood. torres strait ae. aegypti were the most susceptible to den- ...	2003	14765675
[a game as an educational strategy for the control of aedes aegypti in venezuelan schoolchildren].	to assess the value of a game known as jugando en salud: dengue [playing for health: dengue] as a teaching/learning tool leading to the incorporation of schoolchildren enrolled in secondary school in the control of aedes aegypti and dengue prevention activities in the municipality of girardot, aragua state, venezuela.	2003	14769156
[attempt at control of aedes aegypti by application of ddt in water tanks].		1950	14783641
a method of infecting aedes aegypti with plasmodium gallinaceum from chick embryos.		1950	14795205
estimation of traces of ddt using aedes aegypti larvae as a biological indicator.		1951	14817816
[innocuousness of the addition of 1 ppm of ddt to drinking water for the eradication of aedes aegypti].		1951	14821037
studies on plasmodium gallinaceum. i. characteristics of the infection in the mosquito, aedes aegypti.		1951	14846794
some nutritional requirements of adult mosquitoes (aedes aegypti) for oviposition.		1951	14851026
[eradication of aedes aegypti and control of yellow fever; four year continental program].		1951	14886443
studies on plasmodium gallinaceum. iv. a comparison of the susceptibility of aedes aegypti, anopheles quadrimaculatus and anopheles freeborni.		1952	14933391
the mechanism of the transmission of myxomatosis in the european rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus) by the mosquito aedes aegypti.		1952	14934625
"plus-c" odorant-binding protein genes in two drosophila species and the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae.	olfaction plays a crucial role in many aspects of insect behaviour, including host selection by agricultural pests and vectors of human disease. insect odorant-binding proteins (obps) are thought to function as the first step in molecular recognition and the transport of semiochemicals. the whole genome sequence of the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster has been completed and a large number of genes have been annotated as obps, based on the presence of six conserved cysteine residues and a conser ...	2004	14960367
[domestic water reservoir as breeding site of aedes aegypti].		2004	14963555
genotoxic evaluation of the organophosphorous pesticide temephos.	the chemical compound temephos (0,0,0',0'-tetrametyl-0,0'-thiodi-p-phenylene phosphorothioate) is an organophosphorous pesticide that has been used in brazil since 1967 in control campaigns against the mosquito aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue and yellow fever. we used single cell gel electrophoresis (scge), sos/umu and ames/salmonella assays to test the toxicity and mutagenicity of temephos. temephos was genotoxic in the scge assay, inducing severe dna lesions (type iv lesions) at doses abov ...	2002	14963843
analysis of the replication kinetics of the chimerivax-den 1, 2, 3, 4 tetravalent virus mixture in aedes aegypti by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.	the vector competence of mosquitoes for chimeric viruses being developed as vaccines to protect against dengue (den) virus infection were evaluated in a cooperative agreement with acambis, inc. chimeric viruses have been constructed that contain the premembrane (prm) and envelope (e) genes of each of the wild-type (wt) den virus serotypes, den-1, den-2, den-3, and den-4, in the yellow fever (yf) vaccine virus (strain 17d) yf-vax backbone. it was previously shown that the replication profile of c ...	2004	14971704
genetic, biochemical, and structural characterization of a new densovirus isolated from a chronically infected aedes albopictus c6/36 cell line.	we report the isolation, sequencing, biochemical, and structural characterization of a previously undescribed virus in a chronically infected aedes albopictus c6/36 cell line. this virus is identified as a new densovirus under the densovirinae subfamily of the parvoviridae based on its biological and morphologic properties as well as sequence homologies, and is tentatively designated a. albopictus c6/36 cell densovirus (c6/36 dnv). analysis of the 4094 nt of the c6/36 dnv genome revealed that th ...	2004	14972541
efficacy of vectobac (bacillus thuringiensis variety israelensis) formulations for mosquito control in australia.	laboratory bioassays were conducted on the efficacy of a water-dispersible granule (wg) formulation of bacillus thuringiensis variety israelensis (vectobac wg; active ingredient [ai]: 3,000 bti international toxic units [itu]/mg) against third instars of six common australian mosquito species, aedes aegypti (l.), ochlerotatus vigilax (skuse), ochlerotatus notoscriptus (skuse), culex sitiens wiedemann, culex annulirostris skuse, and culex quinquefasciatus say. the normal model for log-linear mort ...	2003	14977116
biochemical and cytoimmunological evidence for the control of aedes aegypti larval trypsin with aea-tmof.	trypsin and chymotrypsin-like enzymes were detected in the gut of aedes aegypti in the four larval instar and pupal developmental stages. although overall the amount of trypsin synthesized in the larval gut was 2-fold higher than chymotrypsin, both enzymes are important in food digestion. feeding aea-trypsin modulating oostatic factor (tmof) to ae. aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus larvae inhibited trypsin biosynthesis in the larval gut, stunted larval growth and development, and caused mortali ...	2004	14981657
mucigerin, a new coumarin from calophyllum mucigerum (guttiferae).	our recent studies on the stem bark of calophyllum mucigerum (guttiferae) have yielded a new coumarin mucigerin, a prenylated xanthone cudraxanthone c and the common steroidal triterpenes friedelin and stigmasterol. structural elucidations of these compounds were achieved using 1h nmr, 13c nmr, dept, cosy, hetcor and hmbc experiments while ms gave the molecular masses. cytotoxic assays using cem-ss cell line (t-lymphoblastic leukemia) on the crude extracts of the stem bark indicated some activit ...	2004	14984084
triatoma infestans apyrases belong to the 5'-nucleotidase family.	apyrases are nucleoside triphosphate-diphosphohydrolases (ec 3.6.1.5) present in a variety of organisms. the apyrase activity found in the saliva of hematophagous insects is correlated with the prevention of adp-induced platelet aggregation of the host during blood sucking. purification of apyrase activity from the saliva of the triatomine bug triatoma infestans was achieved by affinity chromatography on oligo(dt)-cellulose and gel filtration chromatography. the isolated fraction includes five n ...	2004	14985353
in vitro expression and pharmacology of the 5-ht7-like receptor present in the mosquito aedes aegypti tracheolar cells and hindgut-associated nerves.	we have previously reported the cloning of a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (aedes 5-ht7-like receptor) from adult aedes aegypti. for functional expression of the aedes 5-ht7-like receptor, cho-k1 cells were stably transfected with a receptor expression construct, pc5-ht7. the aedes 5-ht7-like receptor positively coupled to gs protein, increasing intracellular camp in response to 5-ht; adenylyl cyclase activity was induced in a concentration-dependent, saturable manner. only 5-ht, and not octopami ...	2003	14986917
three regulatory regions of the aedes aegypti glutamine synthetase gene differentially regulate expression: identification of a crucial regulator in the first exon.	aedes aegyptiglutamine synthetase (gs) is expressed constitutively at various developmental stages and its relative mrna abundance increases in the midgut following blood feeding in support of the biosynthesis of chitin, a component of the peritrophic matrix. to understand the regulation of gs expression better, gs-luciferase reporter fusion genes were constructed and analysed in transiently transfected c6/36 cells. these studies have identified three gs regions: gs-a, -b and -c (c1, c2) that ar ...	2003	14986918
an immune signalling kinase aamek3 from mosquitoes: cdna cloning and characterization.	in mammals, the mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase pathway is one of the four major signalling systems that respond to stress and inflammatory stimuli. a full-length cdna corresponding to aedes aegypti map kinase kinase 3 (aamek3) was cloned and sequenced. it is 1.7 kb and contains an open reading frame of 334 amino acids and eleven conserved kinase domains, including signatures of a putative serine/threonine kinase active site and an atp binding site. the messenger (mrna) and protein expres ...	2003	14986920
intraspecific dna variation in nuclear genes of the mosquito aedes aegypti.	single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are an abundant source of genetic variation among individual organisms. to assess the usefulness of snps for genome analysis in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, we sequenced 25 nuclear genes in each of three strains and analysed nucleotide diversity. the average frequency of nucleotide variation was 12 snps per kilobase, indicating that nucleotide variation in ae. aegypti is similar to that in other organisms, including drosophila and the malaria v ...	2003	14986924
[community participation in the control of aedes aegypti: opinions of the population in one section of havana, cuba].	to analyze opinions on community participation held by residents of one section of the city of havana, cuba, in order to identify key criteria to use in preparing a participatory strategy for controlling the aedes aegypti mosquito.	2004	14987454
entomological investigations in a focus of dengue transmission in cairns, queensland, australia, by using the sticky ovitraps.	sticky ovitraps (patent pending) were used to sample female aedes aegypti (l.) weekly in a focus of dengue activity in cairns, queensland, australia. in february 2003, transmission of dengue virus serotype 2 began in the suburb of parramatta park, peaking in mid-march 2003. this suburb features many older, unscreened houses with high populations of ae. aegypti. highest densities (2-3.5 females per trap per week) were obtained during peak dengue transmission (january and february) before mosquito ...	2004	14989339
comparison of the transmission potential of two genetically distinct sindbis viruses after oral infection of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).	within mosquitoes, arboviruses encounter barriers to infection and dissemination that are critical determinants of vector competence. the molecular mechanisms responsible for these barriers have yet to be elucidated. the prototype sindbis (sin) strain, ar339, and viruses derived from this strain, such as tr339 virus, have limited infection and transmission potential in the medically important arthropod vector, aedes aegypti (l.). however, the malaysian sin virus strain, mre16, disseminates in ne ...	2004	14989352
interferon-dependent immunity is essential for resistance to primary dengue virus infection in mice, whereas t- and b-cell-dependent immunity are less critical.	dengue virus (den) causes dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome, which are major public health problems worldwide. the immune factors that control den infection or contribute to severe disease are neither well understood nor easy to examine in humans. in this study, we used wild-type and congenic mice lacking various components of the immune system to study the immune mechanisms in the response to den infection. our results demonstrate that alpha/beta interferon (ifn-al ...	2004	14990690
evaluation of the sensitivity of aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes to two insect repellents: deet and kbr 3023.	we conducted laboratory tests to assess the sensitivity to the insect repellent 1-piperidinecarboxylic acid, 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-, 1-methylpropylester (known as kbr 3023 or picaridin, trade name bayrepel) of west african strains of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti and of malaria vectors of the anopheles gambiae complex, in comparison with the standard repellent n,n-diethyl-3-methyl-benzamide (deet). test mosquitoes were exposed according to a 'separate arms' protocol to logarithmic dose in ...	2004	14996361
toxicity of vectolex (bacillus sphaericus) products to selected australian mosquito and nontarget species.	laboratory and field bioassay studies were conducted in southeast queensland, australia, on the efficacy of vectolex control granule (cg; active ingredient [ai]:50 bacillus sphaericus [b.s.] international toxic units [itu]/mg) and vectolex water dispersible granule (wdg) (ai: 650 b.s. itu/mg) formulations against third-instar larvae of culex annulirostris skuse, culex quinquefasciatus say, culex sitiens wiedemann, ochlerotatus rigilax (skuse), ochlerotatus. notoscriptus (skuse), and aedes aegypt ...	2004	14998127
reconstruction of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis cry11a endotoxin from fragments corresponding to its n- and c-moieties restores its original biological activity.	subtilisin hydrolyzes cry11a endotoxin (of 70 kd) produced by bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis to fragments of 33- and 36-kd, which correspond to n- and c-terminal halves of the endotoxin molecule. thermitase (a serine protease from thermoactinomyces vulgaris) and insect gut proteases from diptera and lepidoptera exhibit the same hydrolytic effect on cry11a. hydrolyzates maintain high toxicity with respect to larvae of aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi, and culex pipiens. the 33- and 36- ...	2004	15000685
inhibition of juvenile hormone biosynthesis in mosquitoes: effect of allatostatic head factors, piscf- and yxfgl-amide-allatostatins.	we investigated the role of head factors and allatostatins (ass) on the regulation of juvenile hormone (jh) synthesis in female adult mosquito. the biosynthetic activity of the aedes aegypti corpora allata (ca) in vitro was inhibited by factors present in the head. disconnecting the ca from the brain resulted in a significant increase in the rate of jh biosynthesis. inhibition was not dependent on intact nervous connections; co-incubation of ca with brains or brain extracts resulted in a signifi ...	2004	15003834
physiology and nutrition of treponema primitia, an h2/co2-acetogenic spirochete from termite hindguts.	treponema primitia strains zas-1 and zas-2, the first spirochetes to be isolated from termite hindguts (j. r. leadbetter, t. m. schmidt, j. r. graber, and j. a. breznak, science 283:686-689, 1999), were examined for nutritional, physiological, and biochemical properties relevant to growth and survival in their natural habitat. in addition to using h(2) plus co(2) as substrates, these strains were capable of homoacetogenic growth on mono- and disaccharides and (in the case of zas-2) methoxylated ...	2004	15006747
the naturally derived insecticide spinosad is highly toxic to aedes and anopheles mosquito larvae.	spinosad is a naturally derived biorational insecticide with an environmentally favourable toxicity profile, so we investigated its potency against mosquito larvae (diptera: culicidae). by laboratory bioassays of a suspension concentrate formulation of spinosad (tracer), the 24 h lethal concentration (lc50) against aedes aegypti (l.) third and fourth instars was estimated at 0.025 p.p.m. following logit regression. the concentration-mortality response of third- and fourth-instar anopheles albima ...	2004	15009445
isonicotinic acid hydrazide: an anti-tuberculosis drug inhibits malarial transmission in the mosquito gut.	we studied the transmission-blocking effect of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (inh), a widely used anti-tuberculosis drug, against plasmodium gallinaceum and plasmodium berghei. inh-treatment of infected animals did not inhibit parasite development in the blood of the vertebrate host, but did inhibit exflagellation, ookinete formation, and oocyst development in the mosquito. oocyst development was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. the ed(50) in the p. gallinaceum/chicken/aedes aegypti model and ...	2004	15013786
a field test for competitive effects of aedes albopictus on a. aegypti in south florida: differences between sites of coexistence and exclusion?	we tested whether interspecific competition from aedes albopictus had measurable effects on a. aegypti at the typical numbers of larval mosquitoes found in cemetery vases in south florida. we also tested whether the effect of interspecific competition from a. albopictus on a. aegypti differed between sites where a. aegypti either persists or went extinct following invasion by a. albopictus. similar experiments manipulating numbers of a. albopictus in cemetery vases were conducted at three sites ...	2004	15024640
[risk perception and strategies for mass communication on dengue in the americas].	dengue is clearly a very serious public health problem. in the americas the number of dengue cases has been increasing since the 1960s, and outbreaks of the disease have been occurring more frequently. furthermore, the density of infestation with the disease vector, the aedes aegypti mosquito, is high in the americas. the general strategy for preventing and controlling dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever is based on promoting behavior changes that lead to incorporating the community in controlli ...	2004	15030659
a highly conserved candidate chemoreceptor expressed in both olfactory and gustatory tissues in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae.	anopheles gambiae is a highly anthropophilic mosquito responsible for the majority of malaria transmission in africa. the biting and host preference behavior of this disease vector is largely influenced by its sense of smell, which is presumably facilitated by g protein-coupled receptor signaling [takken, w. & knols, b. (1999) annu. rev. entomol. 44, 131-157]. because of the importance of host preference to the mosquitoes' ability to transmit disease, we have initiated studies intended to elucid ...	2004	15037749
haematozoan parasites of the lizard ameiva ameiva (teiidae) from amazonian brazil: a preliminary note.	three different haematozoan parasites are described in the blood of the teiid lizard ameiva ameiva linn. from north brazil: one in the monocytes and the other two in erythrocytes. the leucocytic parasite is probably a species of lainsonia landau, 1973 (lankesterellidae) as suggested by the presence of sporogonic stages in the internal organs, morphology of the blood forms (sporozoites), and their survival and accumulation in macrophages of the liver. one of the erythrocytic parasites produces en ...	2003	15049092
reassessing the role of defensin in the innate immune response of the mosquito, aedes aegypti.	defensin is the predominant inducible immune peptide in aedes aegypti. in spite of its activity against gram-positive bacteria in vitro, defensin expression is detected in mosquitoes inoculated with gram-positive or negative bacteria, or with filarial worms. defensin transcription and expression are dependent upon bacterial dose; however, translation is inconsistent with transcription because peptide is detectable only in mosquitoes inoculated with large doses. in vitro translation assays provid ...	2004	15056359
dengue: defining protective versus pathologic immunity.	dengue is an expanding public health problem, and an effective vaccine remains elusive. this review discusses how the significant influence of sequential infection with different dengue virus serotypes on the severity of disease can be viewed in terms of beneficial and detrimental effects of heterologous immunity. a more complete understanding of these effects is likely to be critical for predicting optimal vaccine-induced immune responses.	2004	15057297
in vivo binding of the cry11bb toxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin to the midgut of mosquito larvae (diptera: culicidae).	bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin produces numerous proteins among which 94 kda known as cry11bb, has mosquitocidal activity. the mode of action of the cry11 proteins has been described as similar to those of the cry1 toxins, nevertheless, the mechanism of action is still not clear. in this study we investigated the in vivo binding of the cry11bb toxin to the midgut of the insect species anopheles albimanus, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus by immunohistochemical analysis. spodopte ...	2004	15057351
laboratory evaluation of methanolic extract of atlantia monophylla (family: rutaceae) against immature stages of mosquitoes and non-target organisms.	methanolic extracts of the leaves of atlantia monophylla (rutaceae) were evaluated for mosquitocidal activity against immature stages of three mosquito species, culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi, and aedes aegypti in the laboratory. larvae of cx. quinquefasciatus and pupae of an. stephensi were found more susceptible, with lc50 values of 0.14 mg/l and 0.05 mg/l, respectively. insect growth regulating activity of this extract was more pronounced against ae. aegypti, with ei50 value 0.00 ...	2004	15057359
field validation of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) age estimation by analysis of cuticular hydrocarbons.	in previous studies, we developed linear regression models to age-grade female aedes aegypti l. reared and maintained under controlled laboratory conditions. the models were based on temporal differences between two cuticular hydrocarbons, pentacosane (c25h52) and nonacosane (c29h60), which were extracted from ae. aegypti legs and analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. these initial models predicted adult female age up to 165 dd (12-15 calendar d at 28 degrees c). the age of older mosquitoes, ho ...	2004	15061283
emerging infectious diseases.	human population growth, technological advances, and changing social behaviors lead to the selection of new microbial pathogens. antimicrobial drugs, vaccines, diagnostics, and treatments for emerging infectious diseases must be developed. the selective forces that drive the emergence of new infectious diseases, and the implications for our survival, are just beginning to be understood.	2004	15067308
rna interference, arthropod-borne viruses, and mosquitoes.	rna interference (rnai) probably functions as an antiviral mechanism in most eukaryotic organisms. variations in the activity of this antiviral pathway in mosquitoes could explain, in part, why some mosquitoes are competent vectors of medically important, arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) and others are not. there are three lines of evidence that show the rnai pathway exists in aedes species that transmit arboviruses. the first is that recombinant sindbis viruses expressing a rna fragment fr ...	2004	15068882
plasmodium ookinete-secreted proteins secreted through a common micronemal pathway are targets of blocking malaria transmission.	the mosquito midgut ookinete stage of the malaria parasite, plasmodium, possesses microneme secretory organelles that mediate locomotion and midgut wall egress to establish sporogonic stages and subsequent transmission. the purpose of this study was 2-fold: 1) to determine whether there exists a single micronemal population with respect to soluble and membrane-associated secreted proteins; and 2) to evaluate the ookinete micronemal proteins chitinase (pgcht1), circumsporozoite and trap-related p ...	2004	15069061
mechanisms of k+ transport across basolateral membranes of principal cells in malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.	the mechanisms of k(+) entry from the hemolymph into principal cells of malpighian tubules were investigated in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. the k(+) channel blocker ba(2+) (5 mmol l(-1)) significantly decreased transepithelial (tep) fluid secretion (v(s)) from 0.84 nl min(-1) to 0.37 nl min(-1) and decreased the k(+) concentration in secreted fluid from 119.0 mmol l(-1) to 54.3 mmol l(-1) with no change in the cl(-) concentration. even though the na(+) concentration increased signi ...	2004	15073198