Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| a critical review of oxazolidinones: an alternative or replacement for glycopeptides and streptogramins? | to review the available data on the oxazolidinones linezolid and eperezolid. | 2001 | 18159365 |
| antimicrobial resistance in canada: update on activities of the canadian committee on antibiotic resistance. | 2002 | 18159395 | |
| outcome of bacteremia and fungemia in paediatric oncology patients. | to determine the outcome of paediatric oncology patients with positive blood cultures. | 2002 | 18159414 |
| legionnaires' disease - results of a multicentre canadian study. | there has never been a cross-canada surveillance project to determine the rate of legionella species as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization and to determine whether there are any regional differences in the rates of legionnaires' disease in canada. anecdotally, legionnaires' disease is thought to be uncommon in western canada. | 2003 | 18159449 |
| effects of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide on telithromycin pharmacokinetics in rats: inhibition of metabolism via cyp3a. | it has been reported that telithromycin is metabolized primarily via hepatic microsomal cytochrome p450 (cyp) 3a1/2 in rats and that the expression of hepatic and intestinal cyp3a decreases in rats pretreated with escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (eclps rats; an animal model of inflammation). thus, it is possible that the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 h to infinity (auc 0-infinity) of intravenous and oral telithromycin is greater for eclps rats than for the controls. t ... | 2008 | 18160519 |
| effects of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide on telithromycin pharmacokinetics in rats: inhibition of metabolism via cyp3a. | it has been reported that telithromycin is metabolized primarily via hepatic microsomal cytochrome p450 (cyp) 3a1/2 in rats and that the expression of hepatic and intestinal cyp3a decreases in rats pretreated with escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (eclps rats; an animal model of inflammation). thus, it is possible that the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 h to infinity (auc 0-infinity) of intravenous and oral telithromycin is greater for eclps rats than for the controls. t ... | 2008 | 18160519 |
| symptom profile of common colds in school-aged children. | signs and symptoms of a common cold reported in young children are those perceived by caretakers. objective signs include cough, fever, and sneezing. subjective symptoms include nasal congestion, feverishness, headache, and sore throat. school-aged children may provide a more accurate picture of the symptom profile during colds because they can self-report. | 2008 | 18162930 |
| seasonal distribution of otitis media pathogens among costa rican children. | otitis media is an important cause of pediatric consultation, and knowledge of yearly pathogen distribution might improve antimicrobial selection. | 2008 | 18162931 |
| bacterial extracts for the prevention of acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a point of view. | given the high prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), the impact of exacerbations on quality of life, and the costs incurred, effective ways for the prevention of exacerbations, and for reductions in the severity and duration of copd symptoms are needed. bacterial immunostimulation has been advocated as a management strategy in copd for the purposes of preventing acute exacerbations. in particular, it suggests that the use of oral multicomponent vaccines may reduce the sever ... | 2008 | 18164190 |
| effects of the in vivo supply of butyrate on histone acetylation of cecum in piglets. | in vitro, butyrate inhibits histone deacetylase and down-regulates expression of cyclin d1. we hypothesized that an increased entry rate of butyrate into the cecal lumen would have similar effects in vivo. | 2008 | 18165447 |
| [comparison of culture and polymerase chain reaction methods for the detection of haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis in cerebrospinal fluids and middle ear effusions]. | although the availability of effective antimicrobial therapy, both otitis media with effusion (ome) and acute bacterial meningitis (abm) are still important infections for children, leading serious health problems. the most frequently isolated bacteria from cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of abm patients are haemophilus influenzae type b, neisseria meningitidis and streptococcus pneumoniae, and middle ear effusion (mee) samples of ome patients are h. influenzae, s. pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, r ... | 2007 | 18173067 |
| [antimicrobial susceptibility of 80 moraxella catarrhalis strains isolated in the children's hospital of tunis]. | eighty non-repetitive strains of moraxella catarrhalis, isolated in tunis children's hospital during five years from 1998 to 2002, were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility, 95% of these strains were isolated from lung samples: 57.5% from trachea products, 35% from sputum and 2.5% from bronchial washings. the majority of strains (72%) were obtained from children under two years old. antimicrobial susceptibility study showed that 95% of stains were beta-lactamase-producing, therefore the ... | 2008 | 18178028 |
| differential regulation of moraxella catarrhalis-induced interleukin-8 response by protein kinase c isoforms. | moraxella catarrhalis is a major cause of infectious exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease. in pulmonary epithelial cells, m. catarrhalis induces release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (il)-8, which plays a pivotal role in orchestrating airway inflammation. the present study demonstrated that protein kinase (pk)c was activated by moraxella infection and positively regulated m. catarrhalis-triggered nuclear factor (nf)-kappab activation and subsequent il-8 release. activ ... | 2008 | 18184679 |
| trends in antibacterial resistance among streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in the usa: update from protekt us years 1-4. | the increasing prevalence of resistance to established antibiotics among key bacterial respiratory tract pathogens, such as streptococcus pneumoniae, is a major healthcare problem in the usa. the protekt us study is a longitudinal surveillance study designed to monitor the susceptibility of key respiratory tract pathogens in the usa to a range of commonly used antimicrobials. here, we assess the geographic and temporal trends in antibacterial resistance of s. pneumoniae isolates from patients wi ... | 2008 | 18190701 |
| do bacteria promote asthma? | 2008 | 18197283 | |
| association of nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization during upper respiratory tract infection and the development of acute otitis media. | acute otitis media occurs mostly after upper respiratory tract infection; the causative bacteria are those colonized in the nasopharynx. we studied 709 episodes of upper respiratory tract infection and found that children with no bacteria in the nasopharynx were at low risk for acute otitis media, whereas children with 3 pathogenic bacteria were at the greatest risk. | 2008 | 18205533 |
| [moraxella catarrhalis endocarditis in an immunocompetent adult]. | 2008 | 18221679 | |
| role of staphylococcus aureus catalase in niche competition against streptococcus pneumoniae. | nasal colonization by staphylococcus aureus is a major predisposing factor for subsequent infection. recent reports of increased s. aureus colonization among children receiving pneumococcal vaccine implicate streptococcus pneumoniae as an important competitor for the same niche. since s. pneumoniae uses h2o2 to kill competing bacteria, we hypothesized that oxidant defense could play a significant role in promoting s. aureus colonization of the nasal mucosa. using targeted mutagenesis, we showed ... | 2008 | 18223076 |
| the iron stimulon of xylella fastidiosa includes genes for type iv pilus and colicin v-like bacteriocins. | xylella fastidiosa is the etiologic agent of a wide range of plant diseases, including citrus variegated chlorosis (cvc), a major threat to citrus industry. the genomes of several strains of this phytopathogen were completely sequenced, enabling large-scale functional studies. dna microarrays representing 2,608 (91.6%) coding sequences (cds) of x. fastidiosa cvc strain 9a5c were used to investigate transcript levels during growth with different iron availabilities. when treated with the iron che ... | 2008 | 18223091 |
| moraxella osloensis gene expression in the slug host deroceras reticulatum. | the bacterium moraxella osloensis is a mutualistic symbiont of the slug-parasitic nematode phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita. in nature, p. hermaphrodita vectors m. osloensis into the shell cavity of the slug host deroceras reticulatum in which the bacteria multiply and kill the slug. as m. osloensis is the main killing agent, genes expressed by m. osloensis in the slug are likely to play important roles in virulence. studies on pathogenic interactions between bacteria and lower order hosts are few, ... | 2008 | 18226222 |
| mining the moraxella catarrhalis genome: identification of potential vaccine antigens expressed during human infection. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important cause of respiratory infections in adults and otitis media in children. developing an effective vaccine would reduce the morbidity, mortality, and costs associated with such infections. an unfinished genome sequence of a strain of m. catarrhalis available in the genbank database was analyzed, and open reading frames predicted to encode potential vaccine candidates were identified. three genes encoding proteins having molecular masses of approximately 22, 75, ... | 2008 | 18227159 |
| moxifloxacin in the management of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and copd. | bacteria are isolated in more than 50% of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (cb) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). the most prevalent respiratory pathogens include gram-positive (streptococcus pneumoniae) and gram-negative (haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis) microorganims. moxifloxacin is a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone that has been shown to be effective against respiratory pathogens, including atypicals and those resistant to most common antibiotics. the bioav ... | 2007 | 18229559 |
| bacterial lysate in the prevention of acute exacerbation of copd and in respiratory recurrent infections. | respiratory tract infections (rtis) represent a serious problem because they are one of the most common cause of human death by infection. the search for the treatment of those diseases has therefore a great importance. in this study we provide an overview of the currently available treatments for rtis with particular attention to chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases exacerbations and recurrent respiratory infections therapy and a description of bacterial lysate action, in particular making re ... | 2007 | 18229572 |
| in vitro activity of telithromycin against haemophilus influenzae at epithelial lining fluid concentrations. | haemophilus influenzae is one of the main aetiological agents of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of telithromycin against h. influenzae clinical isolates showing different pattern of resistance in comparison with azithromycin and clarithromycin at 1/4 x, 1/2 x, 1 x, 2 x, 4 x minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and to peak concentrations in epithelial lining fluid (elf). the secondary aim was to determine ... | 2008 | 18230154 |
| new diagnostic real-time pcr for specific detection of parachlamydia acanthamoebae dna in clinical samples. | given the low sensitivity of amoebal coculture, we developed a specific real-time pcr for the detection of parachlamydia. the analytical sensitivity was high, and the inter- and intrarun variabilities were low. when the pcr was applied to nasopharyngeal aspirates, it was positive for six patients with bronchiolitis. future studies should assess the role of parachlamydia in bronchiolitis. | 2008 | 18234873 |
| nontypeable haemophilus influenzae induces cox-2 and pge2 expression in lung epithelial cells via activation of p38 mapk and nf-kappa b. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is an important respiratory pathogen implicated as an infectious trigger in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but its molecular interaction with human lung epithelial cells remains unclear. herein, we tested that the hypothesis that nthi induces the expression of cyclooxygenase (cox)-2 and prostaglandin e2 (pge2) via activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) and nuclear factor (nf)-kappa b in pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells. | 2008 | 18237405 |
| purification of alpha1-antichymotrypsin from human plasma with recombinant m. catarrhalis ubiquitous surface protein a1. | alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (act) inhibits chymotrypsin-like enzymes, particularly neutrophil cathepsin g. moreover, act in its native form suppresses chemotaxis of neutrophils and decreases neutrophil production of superoxide radicals. we recently showed that moraxella catarrhalis ubiquitous surface protein (usp) a1 is able to specifically bind act in the context of a novel virulence mechanism. in this study, we report that recombinant uspa1(557-704) coupled to cnbr-sepharose can be used in a simp ... | 2008 | 18242635 |
| population-based survey of invasive bacterial diseases, greenland, 1995-2004. | invasive bacterial disease occurs frequently among native populations in the arctic. although a variety of bacteria are involved in invasive bacterial disease in greenland, streptococcus pneumoniae, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, and other staphylococci are responsible for most cases (69%); incidence varies according to region and ethnicity. | 2008 | 18258083 |
| pneumocystis: a novel pathogen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) results in significant morbidity and mortality. smoking has long been recognized as the primary risk factor for development of copd, but factors determining the severity or pattern of disease in smokers are largely unknown. recent interest has focused on the potential role of infectious agents and the associated host response in accelerating progression of airway obstruction or in perpetuating its progression following discontinuation of tobacco expos ... | 2008 | 18259974 |
| acute bronchitis. | 2008 | 18272643 | |
| canadian thoracic society recommendations for management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - 2008 update - highlights for primary care. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a major respiratory illness in canada that is preventable and treatable but unfortunately remains underdiagnosed. the purpose of the present article from the canadian thoracic society is to provide up-to-date information so that patients with this condition receive optimal care that is firmly based on scientific evidence. important summary messages for clinicians are derived from the more detailed update publication and are highlighted throughout t ... | 2008 | 18292855 |
| mouse models for the study of mucosal vaccination against otitis media. | otitis media (om) is one of the most common infectious diseases in humans. the pathogenesis of om involves nasopharyngeal (np) colonization and retrograde ascension of the pathogen up the eustachian tube into the middle ear (me). due to increasing rates of antibiotic resistance, there is an urgent need for vaccines to prevent infections caused by the most common causes of bacterial om, including nontypeable haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis. current vacci ... | 2008 | 18295938 |
| functional mapping of an oligomeric autotransporter adhesin of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. | extracellular matrix protein adhesin a (emaa) is a 202-kda nonfimbrial adhesin, which mediates the adhesion of the oral pathogen aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans to collagen. emaa oligomers form surface antenna-like protrusions consisting of a long helical rod with an ellipsoidal ending. the functional analysis of in-frame emaa deletion mutants has located the collagen binding activity to the amino terminus of the protein corresponding to amino acids 70 to 386. the level of collagen binding ... | 2008 | 18310342 |
| acute bacterial rhinosinusitis and otitis media: changes in pathogenicity following widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. | acute bacterial rhinosinusitis and acute otitis media are two of the most common respiratory tract infections. the common pathogenic bacteria associated with these infections are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and staphylococcus aureus. with the recent widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, there is evidence that there is a shift of both the pneumococcal serotypes and the distribution of pathogenic bacteria. the purpose of this article was to ... | 2008 | 18312870 |
| use of pharmacodynamic endpoints for the evaluation of levofloxacin for the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis. | sinusitis remains 1 of the most common reasons for antimicrobial prescriptions in the united states, with health care costs approaching $4 billion annually. we utilized the serial sinus aspirate sampling (ssas) technique to obtain daily specimens to evaluate the time course of drug effect in patients with acute maxillary sinusitis. eighteen patients with a radiologically confirmed acute maxillary sinusitis were enrolled into a study evaluating the relationship between levofloxacin exposure and t ... | 2008 | 18313879 |
| in vitro activities of the rx-01 oxazolidinones against hospital and community pathogens. | rx-01_423 and rx-01_667 are two members of the family of oxazolidinones that were designed using a combination of computational and medicinal chemistry and conventional biological techniques. the compounds have a two- to eightfold-improved potency over linezolid against serious gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), multidrug-resistant streptococci, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. this enhanced potency extends to the coverage of linezolid-res ... | 2008 | 18316525 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis isolates in eight central, east and baltic european countries in 2005-06: results of the cefditoren surveillance study. | 2008 | 18316820 | |
| use of cethromycin, a new ketolide, for treatment of community-acquired respiratory infections. | the ketolides are a subclass of macrolides, which were designed specifically to overcome macrolide-resistant respiratory pathogens. ketolides lack the cladinose sugar, which is replaced with a 3-ketone group. ketolides bind to a secondary region on domain ii of the 23s rrna subunit. telithromycin was the first ketolide to be approved by the fda in 2004 for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (cap), acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb) and sinusitis. however, in 2006, after repo ... | 2008 | 18321237 |
| impact of infections and normal flora in nonhuman primates on drug development. | preclinical safety studies that are required for the marketing approval of a pharmaceutical include single and repeat dose studies in rodent and nonrodent species. the use of nonhuman primates (nhps), primarily macaques, as the nonrodent species has increased in recent years, in part due to the increase in development of biopharmaceuticals and immunomodulatory agents. depending on the source of the macaques, they may vary in genetic background, normal flora, and/or the incidence of preexisting p ... | 2008 | 18323580 |
| a unique glycosyltransferase involved in the initial assembly of moraxella catarrhalis lipooligosaccharides. | moraxella catarrhalis express three predominant forms of lipooligosaccharide (los) molecules on the bacterial surface. these major glycolipids contain specific carbohydrate epitopes that distinguish each glycoform into serotype a, b, or c los. all three serotypes, however, share a common glucose containing inner-core structure, consisting of an alpha-glucose attached to 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid (kdo), which is unique among gram-negative bacteria. many of the los glycosyltransferase genes ( ... | 2008 | 18337458 |
| factors associated with the presence of drug-resistant bacteria and recurrent acute otitis media in children--a study in a private clinic. | the proportion of drug-resistant bacteria was lower than previous reports. in children with acute otitis media (aom), lower age, presence of multiple bacteria, and otitis media with effusion (ome) represented significant factors for recurrent aom and the presence of drug-resistant bacteria. | 2007 | 18340553 |
| the antibacterial and antifungal properties of trappin-2 (pre-elafin) do not depend on its protease inhibitory function. | trappin-2 (also known as pre-elafin) is an endogenous inhibitor of neutrophil serine proteases and is involved in the control of excess proteolysis, especially in inflammatory events, along with the structurally related secretory leucocyte proteinase inhibitor. secretory leucocyte proteinase inhibitor has been shown to have antibacterial and antifungal properties, whereas recent data indicate that trappin-2 has antimicrobial activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. in t ... | 2008 | 18341586 |
| antimicrobial activity of cefditoren tested against contemporary (2004-2006) isolates of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis responsible for community-acquired respiratory tract infections in the united states. | among orally administered cephalosporins, aminopenicillins (+/- clavulanate), and macrolides, cefditoren was the most potent agent against haemophilus influenzae (mic(50/90), < or =0.008/0.03 microg/ml; 316 isolates including 100 beta-lactamase-positive and 10 beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant [blnar]) and was 32-, 64-, and 512-fold more potent than cefdinir, cefuroxime, and cefprozil, respectively. cefditoren (mic(50), 0.03 microg/ml) was also > or =32-fold more active against blnar ... | 2008 | 18353594 |
| clinical and laboratory aspects of moraxella catarrhalis bacteremia in children. | moraxella catarrhalis is an uncommon cause of bacteremia in children. we present 17 children with m. catarrhalis bacteremia. most patients were <2 years old (76.4%), immunocompetent (82.3%), and had concomitant lower respiratory symptoms (76.5%). moraxella catarrhalis bacteremia occurs in young immunocompetent children and is frequently associated with lower respiratory tract symptomatology. | 2008 | 18360302 |
| telithromycin in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and community-acquired pneumonia. | acute bacterial sinusitis (abs), acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb), and community-acquired pneumonia (cap) are common conditions and constitute a substantial socioeconomic burden. the ketolides are a new class of antibacterials with a targeted spectrum of antibacterial activity. in vitro, telithromycin is active against common bacterial pathogens that cause upper and lower respiratory tract infections, including some isolates that are resistant to other antibiotic classes. in 2004 ... | 2006 | 18360582 |
| moraxella catarrhalis expresses an unusual hfq protein. | the hfq protein is recognized as a global regulatory molecule that facilitates certain rna-rna interactions in bacteria. blast analysis identified a 630-nucleotide open reading frame in the genome of moraxella catarrhalis atcc 43617 that was highly conserved among m. catarrhalis strains and which encoded a predicted protein with significant homology to the hfq protein of escherichia coli. this protein, containing 210 amino acids, was more than twice as large as the hfq proteins previously descri ... | 2008 | 18362134 |
| fluoroquinolones compared with beta-lactam antibiotics for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. | the presumed superiority of newer fluoroquinolones for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis is based on laboratory data but has not yet been established on clinical grounds. | 2008 | 18362380 |
| the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis: no change is good medicine. | 2008 | 18362382 | |
| moraxella catarrhalis lipooligosaccharide selectively upregulates icam-1 expression on human monocytes and stimulates adjacent naïve monocytes to produce tnf-alpha through cellular cross-talk. | to elucidate the role of moraxella catarrhalis lipooligosaccharide (los) in otitis media with effusion (ome), the effects of los on adhesion antigens of human monocytes were investigated. m. catarrhalis los selectively enhanced intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (icam-1 or cd54) expression on human monocytes by significantly increasing both the surface expression intensity and the percentage of icam-1(+) cells. icam-1 upregulation on human monocytes by the los required surface cd14, tlr4, nf-kapp ... | 2008 | 18363879 |
| pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of newer oral cephalosporins: implications for treatment of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. | full knowledge of the inter-relationships between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics is important in choosing an appropriate antibiotic, determining its optimal dosage regimen, and predicting which pharmacokinetic parameter(s) should best correlate with clinical efficacy in the treatment of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis). pharmacodynamics of antibiotics deal with the time-course of drug activity and mechanisms of action of drugs on bacteria. in particular, the b ... | 1998 | 18370555 |
| moraxella catarrhalis-dependent tonsillar b cell activation does not lead to apoptosis but to vigorous proliferation resulting in nonspecific igm production. | the respiratory pathogen moraxella catarrhalis has a high affinity for human igd and is mitogenic for peripheral blood b lymphocytes. moraxella igd-binding protein, which is a multifunctional outer membrane protein with adhesive properties, is responsible for the interaction. previous experiments with the ig-binding b cell superantigens protein a and protein l from staphylococcus aureus and peptostreptococcus magnus, respectively, have suggested that nonimmune bcr cross-linking induces b cell ap ... | 2008 | 18372337 |
| age-related genotypic and phenotypic differences in moraxella catarrhalis isolates from children and adults presenting with respiratory disease in 2001-2002. | moraxella catarrhalis is generally associated with upper respiratory tract infections in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults. however, little is known regarding the population biology of isolates infecting these two age groups. to address this, a population-screening strategy was employed to investigate 195 worldwide m. catarrhalis isolates cultured from children (<5 years of age) and adults (>20 years of age) presenting with respiratory disease in the years 2001-2002. para ... | 2008 | 18375810 |
| current progress of adhesins as vaccine candidates for moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is an emerging pathogen and all isolates are now considered beta-lactamase producing. potential further use of vaccines against streptococcus pneumoniae and nontypeable haemophilus influenzae means that m. catarrhalis might be thrust further into the limelight. however, a vaccine has not yet been designed. in this review, the progress of m. catarrhalis adhesins as vaccine candidates is discussed with a focus on various candidate antigens that spanned those discovered more t ... | 2007 | 18377357 |
| plasmid mediated antibiotic resistance in marine bacteria. | this research work was conducted in uppanar estuary to ascertain the role of plasmids in the antibiotic resistance of bacteria. water and sediment samples were collected for a period of three months. when tested against 20 antibiotics 22 mar strains were isolated from the samples, which were found resistant to 5-13 antibiotics. they belong to 7 genera and 10 species. gram-negative bacteria namely neisseria mucosa, n. sicca, branhamella catarrhalis, klebsiella ozaenae, citrobacterintermedius, pse ... | 2007 | 18380085 |
| high incidence of antimicrobial resistant organisms including extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in nasopharyngeal and blood isolates of hiv-infected children from cape town, south africa. | there is little information on nasopharyngeal (np) flora or bacteremia in hiv-infected children. our aim was to describe the organisms and antimicrobial resistance patterns in children enrolled in a prospective study comparing daily and three times weekly trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) and isoniazid (inh) or placebo prophylaxis. | 2008 | 18380900 |
| the xenorhabdus nematophila nilabc genes confer the ability of xenorhabdus spp. to colonize steinernema carpocapsae nematodes. | members of the steinernema genus of nematodes are colonized mutualistically by members of the xenorhabdus genus of bacteria. in nature, steinernema carpocapsae nematodes are always found in association with xenorhabdus nematophila bacteria. thus, this interaction, like many microbe-host associations, appears to be species specific. x. nematophila requires the nila, nilb, and nilc genes to colonize s. carpocapsae. in this work, we showed that of all the xenorhabdus species examined, only x. nemat ... | 2008 | 18390667 |
| strain-specific virulence phenotypes of streptococcus pneumoniae assessed using the chinchilla laniger model of otitis media. | streptococcus pneumoniae [sp] infection is associated with local and systemic disease. our current understanding of the differential contributions of genetic strain variation, serotype, and host response to disease phenotype is incomplete. using the chinchilla model of otitis media [om] we investigated the disease phenotype generated by the laboratory strain tigr4 and each of thirteen clinical strains (bs68-75, bs290, bs291, bs293, bs436 and bs437); eleven of the thirteen strains have been genom ... | 2008 | 18398481 |
| the moraxella igd-binding protein mid/hag is an oligomeric autotransporter. | the immunoglobulin d (igd)-binding protein mid/hag of the human respiratory pathogen moraxella catarrhalis is an outer membrane protein of approximately 200kda belonging to the autotransporter family. mid also functions as an adhesin and hemagglutinin. in the present paper, the ultrastructure of mid was mapped. using a series of escherichia coli transformants, the last 210 aa of the c-terminal region were shown to translocate protein mid through the outer membrane suggesting that mid has a beta- ... | 2008 | 18400547 |
| acute otitis media during the first two years of life in a rural community in bangladesh: a prospective cohort study. | the study investigated the burden of acute otitis media (aom) during the first two years of life in a cohort of 252 newborns in rural bangladesh using data collected on occurrences of aom. trained community health workers (chws) conducted household surveillance and picked up cases of aom using the study algorithm. the incidence rate was 0.9 episodes per child-year observed. forty-six percent (n=115) of the 252 subjects developed aom: 36% (n=91) during the first year of life and 10% (n=24) during ... | 2007 | 18402184 |
| alveolar macrophage phagocytosis is impaired in children with poorly controlled asthma. | lower respiratory tract infection is a differentiating feature of children with poorly controlled asthma. | 2008 | 18417198 |
| upag, a new member of the trimeric autotransporter family of adhesins in uropathogenic escherichia coli. | the ability of escherichia coli to colonize both intestinal and extraintestinal sites is driven by the presence of specific virulence factors, among which are the autotransporter (at) proteins. members of the trimeric at adhesin family are important virulence factors for several gram-negative pathogens and mediate adherence to eukaryotic cells and extracellular matrix (ecm) proteins. in this study, we characterized a new trimeric at adhesin (upag) from uropathogenic e. coli (upec). molecular ana ... | 2008 | 18424525 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of ce-156811, a novel analog derived from hygromycin a. | we evaluated a novel truncated hygromycin a analog in which the furanose ring was replaced with a 2-fluoro-2-cyclopropylethyl substituent for its activity against multidrug resistant gram-positive bacteria and compared its activity to the activities of linezolid, quinupristin-dalfopristin, and vancomycin. ce-156811 demonstrated robust in vitro activity against gram-positive bacteria that was comparable to that of linezolid. | 2008 | 18426902 |
| distribution of transferrin binding protein b gene (tbpb) variants among neisseria species. | transferrin binding protein b (tbpb), an outer membrane lipoprotein, is required for the acquisition of iron from human transferrin. two tbpb families have been documented in neisseria meningitidis: an isotype i tbpb gene of 1.8 kb and an isotype ii tbpb gene of 2.1 kb, the former expressed by meningococci in the disease-associated st-11 clonal complex and the latter found among meningococci belonging to the hyper-invasive clonal complexes including st-8, st-18, st-32, st-41/44 as well as n. gon ... | 2008 | 18430216 |
| action for child survival: elimination of haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in uganda. | to guide immunization policy, we determined the public health benefit of introducing haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine in uganda and estimated the vaccine effectiveness. | 2008 | 18438518 |
| connection between trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole use and resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. | the association between trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole use and resistance among the major respiratory tract pathogens was investigated by comparing regional consumption of the drug to regional resistance in the following year in 21 central hospital districts in finland. a total of 23,530 streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, 28,320 haemophilus influenzae isolates, and 14,138 moraxella catarrhalis isolates were tested for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole susceptibility during the study period (1998-2004 ... | 2008 | 18443116 |
| acute exacerbations and respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd) describe the phenomenon of sudden worsening in airway function and respiratory symptoms in patients with copd. these exacerbations can range from self-limited diseases to episodes of florid respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. the average patient with copd experiences two such episodes annually, and they account for significant consumption of health care resources. although bacterial infections are the most co ... | 2008 | 18453367 |
| drug forecast - the peptide deformylase inhibitors as antibacterial agents. | the relatively rapid development of microbial resistance after the entry of every new antimicrobial into the marketplace necessitates a constant supply of new agents to maintain effective pharmacotherapy. despite extensive efforts to identify novel lead compounds from molecular targets, only the peptide deformylase inhibitors (pdis) have shown any real promise, with some advancing to phase i human trials. bacterial peptide deformylase, which catalyzes the removal of the n-formyl group from n-ter ... | 2007 | 18472972 |
| contribution of trimeric autotransporter c-terminal domains of oligomeric coiled-coil adhesin (oca) family members yada, uspa1, eiba, and hia to translocation of the yada passenger domain and virulence of yersinia enterocolitica. | the oca family is a novel class of autotransporter-adhesins with highest structural similarity in their c-terminal transmembrane region, which supposedly builds a beta-barrel pore in the outer membrane (om). the prototype of the oca family is yada, an adhesin of yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis. yada forms a homotrimeric lollipop-like structure on the bacterial surface. the c-terminal regions of three yada monomers form a barrel in the om and translocate the trimeric n-ter ... | 2008 | 18487327 |
| treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, with special emphasis on gemifloxacin. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is the cause of substantial morbidity, mortality, and resource utilization worldwide. when choosing an antimicrobial, effective treatment depends on proper patient evaluation and the identification of numerous risk factors, such as recent antibiotic exposure or the presence of comorbidity. patients without any risk factor should be treated effectively with a narrow spectrum beta-lactam agent, like amoxicillin, or a macrolide. if a risk factor is present, agents ... | 2007 | 18488076 |
| optimizing antibiotic selection in treating copd exacerbations. | our understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis and consequences of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) has increased substantially in the last decade. several new lines of evidence demonstrate that bacterial isolation from sputum during acute exacerbation in many instances reflects a cause-effect relationship. placebo-controlled antibiotic trials in exacerbations of copd demonstrate significant clinical benefits of antibiotic treatment in moderate and severe epis ... | 2008 | 18488427 |
| severe asthma and the omalizumab option. | atopic diseases and asthma are increasing at a remarkable rate on a global scale. it is now well recognized that asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. the inflammatory process in many patients is driven by an immunoglobulin e (ige)-dependent process. mast cell activation and release of mediators, in response to allergen and ige, results in a cascade response, culminating in b lymphocyte, t lymphocyte, eosinophil, fibroblast, smooth muscle cell and endothelial activation. this ... | 2008 | 18489791 |
| the moraxella adhesin uspa1 binds to its human ceacam1 receptor by a deformable trimeric coiled-coil. | moraxella catarrhalis is a ubiquitous human-specific bacterium commonly associated with upper and lower respiratory tract infections, including otitis media, sinusitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. the bacterium uses an autotransporter protein uspa1 to target an important human cellular receptor carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (ceacam1). using x-ray crystallography, we show that the ceacam1 receptor-binding region of uspa1 unusually consists of an extended, ... | 2008 | 18497748 |
| [experience with bronchomunal used in the combined treatment of patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. | the paper presents the results of treatment in 30 patients aged 16-59 years who have bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, by using a bacterial vaccine (bronchomunal) containing antigens of opportunistic bacteria: streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, klebsiella pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus viridans, streptococcus piogenes, moraxella catarrhalis. immunotherapy with the vaccine had good and excellent effects in 73.33 of cases; the mean duratio ... | 2008 | 18509908 |
| compared to placebo, long-term antibiotics resolve otitis media with effusion (ome) and prevent acute otitis media with perforation (aomwip) in a high-risk population: a randomized controlled trial. | for children at high risk of chronic suppurative otitis media (csom), strategies to prevent acute otitis media with perforation (aomwip) may reduce progression to csom. | 2008 | 18513453 |
| tigecycline in the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal and complicated skin and skin structure infections. | tigecycline, a glycylcycline related to the tetracycline class of antibiotics, represents a new option for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal and complicated skin and skin structure infections. it displays favorable activity in vitro against the most common causative gram-positive, gram-negative and anaerobic pathogens. in addition, tigecycline demonstrates activity against drug-resistant pathogens such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, a ... | 2007 | 18516315 |
| benefit-risk assessment of telithromycin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. | the purpose of this review is to assess the benefits and risks associated with the use of the ketolide antibacterial telithromycin, currently licensed for the treatment of adults with mild to moderate community-acquired pneumonia (cap). telithromycin is active against both the major (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis) and atypical/intracellular (chlamydophila pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila and mycoplasma pneumoniae) cap pathogens. it is associated wit ... | 2008 | 18558790 |
| galactose residues on the lipooligosaccharide of moraxella catarrhalis 26404 form the epitope recognized by the bactericidal antiserum from conjugate vaccination. | lipooligosaccharide (los) from moraxella catarrhalis has the potential to elicit bactericidal antibodies against the pathogen. we generated los-based conjugate vaccines that elicited bactericidal antibodies in animal models. however, epitopes on the los recognized by the functional anti-los antibodies remain unidentified. in this study, a mutant strain, d4, which lost the recognition by a bactericidal anti-los rabbit serum in western blotting was generated from a serotype c strain 26404 by rando ... | 2008 | 18559429 |
| antimicrobial activity of dc-159a, a new fluoroquinolone, against 1,149 recently collected clinical isolates. | the activity of dc-159a, a novel orally administered fluorinated quinolone, was evaluated by reference broth microdilution or agar dilution methods against 1,149 recently collected clinical isolates from five continents. against pathogens associated with community-acquired respiratory tract infections (ca-rtis), the mic(90)s were 0.12 microg/ml for streptococcus pneumoniae, 0.015 to 0.03 microg/ml for haemophilus influenzae, 0.03 microg/ml for moraxella catarrhalis, and 0.12 microg/ml for beta-h ... | 2008 | 18573936 |
| clinical bacteriology and immunology in acute otitis media in children. | acute otitis media (aom) is the most common disease seen in childhood. streptococcus pneumoniae, non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), and moraxella catarrhalis are the most frequent pathogens of all aom episodes. the high prevalence of drug-resistant pathogens such as penicillin-resistant s. pneumoniae (prsp) and betalactamase producing or nonproducing ampicillin-resistant h. influenzae (blpar or blnar) is causing serious clinical problems worldwide. prsp and blnar have become important r ... | 2008 | 18574652 |
| induction of beta defensin 2 by nthi requires tlr2 mediated myd88 and irak-traf6-p38mapk signaling pathway in human middle ear epithelial cells. | all mucosal epithelia, including those of the tubotympanium, are secreting a variety of antimicrobial innate immune molecules (aiims). in our previous study, we showed the bactericidal/bacteriostatic functions of aiims against various otitis media pathogens. among the aiims, human beta-defensin 2 is the most potent molecule and is inducible by exposure to inflammatory stimuli such as bacterial components or proinflammatory cytokines. even though the beta-defensin 2 is an important aiim, the indu ... | 2008 | 18578886 |
| multicenter evaluation of the new vitek 2 neisseria-haemophilus identification card. | the new neisseria-haemophilus identification (nh) card for vitek 2 was compared with 16s rrna gene sequencing (16s) as the reference method for accurate identification of neisseria spp., haemophilus spp., and other fastidious gram-negative bacteria. testing was performed on the vitek 2 xl system with modified software at three clinical trial laboratories. reproducibility was determined with nine atcc quality control strains tested 20 times over a minimum of 10 days at all three sites. a challeng ... | 2008 | 18579712 |
| improved pulsed field gel electrophoresis method for moraxella catarrhalis. | an improved pfge method for the molecular typing of moraxella catarrhalis is described. a modified pulsenet method using higher concentrations of edta and proteinase k, together with increased reagent volumes and incubation temperatures resulted in improved results and a more rapid turnaround time compared to pfge methods currently used. | 2008 | 18586342 |
| tonsillar microbial flora: a comparison of infected and non-infected tonsils. | the main objective of this study was to find out the most common organism affecting the tonsils in recurrent tonsillitis. | 2006 | 18603861 |
| neutrophil and monocyte cd64 and cd163 expression in critically ill neonates and children with sepsis: comparison of fluorescence intensities and calculated indexes. | to evaluate the expression of cd64 and cd163 on neutrophils and monocytes in sirs with/without sepsis and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of cd64 and cd163 molecules expression determined as (1) mean fluorescence intensities (mfi) of cd64 and cd163; and (2) the ratio (index) of linearized mfi to the fluorescence signal of standardized beads. | 2008 | 18604302 |
| ceacam3: an innate immune receptor directed against human-restricted bacterial pathogens. | carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 3 (ceacam3) is an immunoglobulin-related glycoprotein exclusively expressed on granulocytes. in contrast to other members of the ceacam family, ceacam3 does not support cell-cell adhesion, but rather mediates the opsonin-independent recognition and elimination of a restricted set of human-specific gram-negative bacterial pathogens including neisseria gonorrhoeae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. within the last 4 years, mo ... | 2008 | 18606569 |
| molecular characterization of a cryptic plasmid from the psychrotrophic antarctic bacterium pseudoalteromonas sp. 643a. | we report the identification and nucleotide sequence analysis of pkw1, a plasmid of the psychrotrophic bacterium pseudoalteromonas sp. 643a isolated from the stomach of antarctic krill euphasia superba. pkw1 consists of 4583 bp, has a g+c content of 43% and seven putative open reading frames (orfs). the deduced amino acid sequence from orf-1 shared significant similarity with the plasmid replicase protein of psychrobacter cryohalolentis, strain k5. the dna region immediately downstream of the or ... | 2008 | 18611409 |
| cefetamet pivoxil: a review of its microbiology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy. | cefetamet pivoxil is an oral, third-generation cephalosporin whose broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and favorable pharmacokinetic profile make it particularly suitable for the treatment of a wide range of infectious diseases. cefetamet has high in vitro activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria that cause a number of respiratory tract and urinary tract infections. these include penicillin-sensitive streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus spp, haemophilus influenzae, ... | 1992 | 18611503 |
| lomefloxacin versus amoxicillin in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: results of multinational studies. | the results of two large, multicenter studies comparing the safety and efficacy of lomefloxacin (400 mg administered orally once daily) and amoxicillin (500 mg administered orally three times daily) in adult patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused predominantly by gram-negative pathogens have been combined. the studies were both randomized and blinded. one study enrolled 127 patients in 12 centers in belgium; the second enrolled 510 patients in 52 centers in ten countries. ... | 1992 | 18611518 |
| comparison of the safety and efficacy of lomefloxacin and amoxicillin in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: results from a latin american multicenter study. | the aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of lomefloxacin, a new difluornated quinolone, with those of amoxicillin in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by gram-negative bacteria. the study was conducted as a multicenter, randomized, single-blind comparison in four countries (argentina, colombia, mexico and venezuela). in total, 163 evaluable patients were assessed-82 in the lomefloxacin group and 81 in the amoxicillin group. patients received or ... | 1992 | 18611519 |
| antimicrobial resistance patterns in korea. | recent in-vitro test results showed that in seoul (korea) aerobic gram-negative bacilli are often resistant to ampicillin and to the first-generation cephalosporins, but chloramphenicol-resistant salmonella typhi are extremely rare. almost all isolates of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, 49% of neisseria gonorrhoeae and 31% of haemophilus influenzae were beta-lactamase producers. seventhy-two percent of pneumococci were penicillin g resistant and 62% of staphylococci were methicillin resista ... | 1993 | 18611562 |
| cefuroxime axetil. | cefuroxime is the first commercially-available second-generation cephalosporine to be widely used in therapy; it is a semi-synthetic cephalosporin obtained from the 7-cephalosporanic acid nucleus of cephalosporin c. cefuroxime axetil is the acetoxyethyl ester of cefuroxime. the majority of micro-organisms associated with respiratory infections are highly sensitive to cefuroxime. these include haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes and the other streptococci (exc ... | 1994 | 18611587 |
| azithromycin: the first of the tissue-selective azalides. | the azalide azithromycin, which is derived from erythromycin, contains a methyl-substituted nitrogen in the lactone ring. this 15-membered expanded lactone ring results in improved acid stability and oral bioavailability compared with erythromycin. azithromycin possesses a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including enhanced activity compared with the macrolides against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. in vitro activity of azithromycin ... | 1995 | 18611663 |
| susceptibility surveillance of u.s. respiratory pathogen isolates to newer macrolide and azalide antibiotics. | azithromycin and clarithromycin are both highly active in vitro against gram-positive respiratory pathogens, but azithromycin is substantially more potent against haemophilus influenzae. we investigated the susceptibility of h. influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pneumoniae and s. pyogenes to azithromycin and clarithromycin, and determined the prevalence of beta-lactamase production in h. influenzae and m. catarrhalis. results from three geographic regions of the usa were compared. ... | 1996 | 18611736 |
| comparative antimicrobial activity and post-antibiotic effect of azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin against some respiratory pathogens. | recent macrolide derivatives, roxithromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin show more favourable pharmacokinetic characteristics in comparison to old ones and some differences in antibacterial activity. with the aim of improving our understanding of some aspects of their action against respiratory pathogens, we determined the mics and mbcs of streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, staphylococcus aureus, moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae. azithromycin was the most activ ... | 1996 | 18611754 |
| evaluation of three real-time pcr assays for detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae in an outbreak investigation. | we compared the performances of three recently optimized real-time pcr assays derived from distinct genomic regions of mycoplasma pneumoniae during an outbreak. comprehensive evaluation established that a newly described toxin gene represents a superior target for detecting m. pneumoniae dna in clinical specimens, although use of multiple targets may increase testing confidence. | 2008 | 18614663 |
| children with bacterial meningitis presenting to the emergency department during the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era. | the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in children in the era of widespread heptavalent conjugate pneumococcal vaccination (pcv7) is unknown. | 2008 | 18616437 |
| membrane morphology and leukotoxin secretion are associated with a novel membrane protein of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. | gram-negative bacteria display either a flat or an irregular outer membrane. the periodontal pathogen aggregatibacter (actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans has an irregular outer membrane. we have identified a gene that is associated with the biogenesis of this morphology. the gene is part of a three-gene operon and codes for a 141-kda protein designated morphogenesis protein c (morc), which is conserved in several gram-negative bacteria including haemophilus influenzae and pasteurella multocid ... | 2008 | 18621903 |
| in vitro profiling of ceftaroline against a collection of recent bacterial clinical isolates from across the united states. | this study evaluated the in vitro activity of ceftaroline, a novel cephalosporin with broad-spectrum activity against gram-negative and -positive pathogens, against 4,151 recent clinical isolates collected in the united states. ceftaroline was very potent against bacteria found in community- and hospital-acquired infections, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, multidrug-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, and common enterobacteriaceae spp. | 2008 | 18625769 |
| antibacterial therapy of acute infectious exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | this article reviews the role of antibiotic therapy in the management of patients with acute infectious exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). papers relevant to the issue are included in the review. current antibiotic therapy of acute infectious exacerbation of copd is directed at the most common pathogens, including streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. mild to moderate exacerbations of copd are usually treated with broad-spectrum an ... | 2008 | 18633147 |
| comparative in vitro activities of the investigational fluoroquinolone dc-159a and other antimicrobial agents against human mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas. | the in vitro susceptibilities of 151 unique clinical isolates of mycoplasma pneumoniae, mycoplasma hominis, mycoplasma fermentans, mycoplasma genitalium, and ureaplasma species to dc-159a, an investigational fluoroquinolone, in comparison with those to other agents were determined. macrolides were the most active agents against m. pneumoniae and m. genitalium, whereas clindamycin was most active against m. hominis. dc-159a mics were <or=0.5 microg/ml for all mycoplasma species and <or=4 microg/m ... | 2008 | 18663020 |