Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| appendix: remembering max perutz, scientist and humanitarian. | 2010 | 20173292 | |
| derivation of the king's college london human embryonic stem cell lines. | since the derivation of the first human embryonic stem cell (hesc) line in 1998, there has been substantial interest in the potential of these cells for regenerative medicine and cell therapy and in the use of hescs carrying clinically relevant genetic mutations as models for disease research and therapeutic target identification. there is still a need to improve derivation efficiency and further the understanding of the basic biology of these cells and to develop clinical grade culture systems ... | 2010 | 20178004 |
| antiviral pandemic risk assessment for urban receiving waters. | an 80% metabolic conversion of the tamiflu pro-drug (oseltamivir phosphate, op) to its metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate (oc) and a high excretion rate combined with poor removal at sewage treatment works (stws) means that potentially high stw oc emissions may occur in receiving waters. a risk assessment approach undertaken within the river lee catchment in north east london indicates that predicted environmental concentrations for surface waters (pec(sw)) are likely to be in the general range ... | 2010 | 20182065 |
| cerebral localization in the nineteenth century--the birth of a science and its modern consequences. | although many individuals contributed to the development of the science of cerebral localization, its conceptual framework is the work of a single man--john hughlings jackson (1835-1911), a victorian physician practicing in london. hughlings jackson's formulation of a neurological science consisted of an axiomatic basis, an experimental methodology, and a clinical neurophysiology. his axiom--that the brain is an exclusively sensorimotor machine--separated neurology from psychiatry and establishe ... | 2009 | 20183205 |
| the role of focal epilepsy in the development of jacksonian localization. | in the 1860s john hughlings jackson (1835-1911) reasoned on theoretical grounds that voluntary movements probably were represented in the human cerebral cortex. he then studied the clinical phenomenologies and pathological associations of human focal motor epileptic seizures, post-epileptic hemiplegia and aphasia, and also chorea. from these various lines of evidence he concluded by 1870 that voluntary movement of the face and upper limb on the opposite side were represented in a localized area ... | 2009 | 20183206 |
| harold shaw and the ross sea party: epilepsy in the antarctic. | harold shaw was a 29-year-old man with epilepsy who was part of the ross sea party. sailing on the vessel aurora, their mission was to lay the supply depots for shackleton's men that would allow them to complete the second half of their trans-antarctic crossing. shaw suffered nocturnal seizures that were documented in the diaries of the senior officers. the nocturnal convulsions were followed by confused wanderings, described as somnambulism, around the ship, that were most likely postictal beha ... | 2009 | 20183212 |
| human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in older people. | the number of older people living with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the uk is rising. older people are at risk of acquiring hiv infection for a multitude of reasons. this, combined with effective hiv treatment which has significantly prolonged life expectancy, means that health care professionals working in the uk can expect to see increasing numbers of older people with hiv infection. in this review article, we summarise the epidemiology of hiv amongst older people, including data from ... | 2010 | 20190230 |
| "having lived much in the world": inhabitation, embodiment and english women travellers' representations of russia in the eighteenth century. | this article examines representations of russia in the travel writings of british women in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. using a mid-nineteenth- century text, the englishwoman in russia, to introduce the more familiar racialised models of difference deployed by imperial travel writers, the article connects these with two mid-eighteenth-century travel texts by virtue of the women writers' shared preoccupation with the female body as a sign of national culture, and cultural difference. ... | 2001 | 20196245 |
| "secrets of the female sex": jane sharp, the reproductive female body, and early modern midwifery manuals. | early modern midwifery manuals in britain were usually the work of men. these books were a significant source of information about the body to the wider reading public: many sold well, and their prefatory materials include injunctions to readers not to make improper use of them. what is particularly interesting about jane sharp's midwives book (1671) is that it both provides a compendium of current beliefs concerning reproduction, and indicates the author's ironic perception of the misogyny that ... | 2001 | 20196248 |
| the absent body: representations of dying early modern women in a selection of seventeenth-century diaries. | this article seeks to explore the absence of the body in the depiction of dying women in a selection of seventeenth-century diaries. it considers the cultural forces that made this absence inevitable, and the means by which the physical body was replaced in death by a spiritual presence. the elevation of a dying woman from physical carer to spiritual nurturer in the days before death ensured that gender codes were not broken. the centrality of the body of the dying woman, within a female circle ... | 2001 | 20196252 |
| spatio-temporal epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni enteritis, in an area of northwest england, 2000-2002. | a total of 969 isolates of campylobacter jejuni originating in the preston, lancashire postcode district over a 3-year period were characterized using multi-locus sequence typing. recently developed statistical methods and a genetic model were used to investigate temporal, spatial, spatio-temporal and genetic variation in human c. jejuni infections. the analysis of the data showed statistically significant seasonal variation, spatial clustering, small-scale spatio-temporal clustering and spatio- ... | 2010 | 20202286 |
| wide variety of bioserotypes of enteropathogenic yersinia in tonsils of english pigs at slaughter. | the tonsils of 630 pigs from 45 english farms using three different rearing methods (assured british pigs, open management and organic) were examined between 2003 and 2005 in order to investigate if the low incidence of human yersiniosis could be attributed to a low prevalence of enteropathogenic yersinia among english pigs. in addition, different isolation methods were compared, possible differences in prevalence among pigs were studied, as well as the prevalence of different bioserotypes of en ... | 2010 | 20206396 |
| meeting report: a celebration of the work of professor tony hart, liverpool, united kingdom, 7 march 2009. | over 300 delegates participated in this scientific meeting to celebrate the career of the late professor tony hart, who was head of department of medical microbiology, university of liverpool, from 1986 until his death in september 2007. the meeting, which was opened by professor james stewart (head, school of infection and host defence, university of liverpool) and closed by professor bernard brabin (head of the child health group, liverpool school of tropical medicine), captured some of the ma ... | 2010 | 20207719 |
| her2 expression in gastric cancer: rare, heterogeneous and of no prognostic value - conclusions from 924 cases of two independent series. | patients with gastric cancer (gc) have a poor survival and biologicals such as trastuzumab have not been used routinely in these patients. existing data on her2 expression and its clinical relevance in gc are still limited and controversial. | 2010 | 20208134 |
| cortactin gene amplification and expression in breast cancer: a chromogenic in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemical study. | amplification of 11q13 is found in approximately 15% of breast cancers. cyclin d1 (ccnd1) has been reported to be the 'driver' of this amplicon, however, multiple genes map to the smallest region of amplification of 11q13. out of these genes, cortactin (cttn) has been shown to be consistently overexpressed at the mrna level in tumours harbouring 11q13 amplification. the aims of this study are to define whether cttn is consistently co-amplified with the main core of the 11q13 amplicon, whether it ... | 2010 | 20213079 |
| equality and anti-discrimination legislation in health care. | the nhs constitution for england (department of health, 2009) sets out the rights and responsibilities of patients and staff in relation to the delivery of health care. a key requirement for staff is to ensure that they not to discriminate against patients or staff, and adhere to equal opportunities, equality and human rights legislation. successive governments have introduced a varied range of anti-discrimination laws that district nurses are required to abide by. these have often developed in ... | 2010 | 20220629 |
| dietary, lifestyle and clinicopathological factors associated with braf and k-ras mutations arising in distinct subsets of colorectal cancers in the epic norfolk study. | braf and k-ras proto-oncogenes encode components of the erk signalling pathway and are frequently mutated in colorectal cancer. this study investigates the associations between braf and k-ras mutations and clinicopathological, lifestyle and dietary factors in colorectal cancers. | 2010 | 20233436 |
| pandemic influenza a (h1n1) virus infections in children with sickle cell disease. | 2010 | 20299522 | |
| a three-stage genome-wide association study of general cognitive ability: hunting the small effects. | childhood general cognitive ability (g) is important for a wide range of outcomes in later life, from school achievement to occupational success and life expectancy. large-scale association studies will be essential in the quest to identify variants that make up the substantial genetic component implicated by quantitative genetic studies. we conducted a three-stage genome-wide association study for general cognitive ability using over 350,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the quantit ... | 2010 | 20306291 |
| raffles, human eggs and the market place in human material. | this article considers a recent case of human eggs being made available as a raffle prize. it explores the issue of a market in human material. it considers how at present english law is in general against such commodification of human material. it explores the policy arguments for changing the law in the area and suggests that the issue of maintaining criminal prohibitions at a time when patients can bypass such restrictions by seeking treatment abroad should come under further reconsideration ... | 2010 | 20335920 |
| determination of the geographical origin of unidentified cadavers based on geographical differences in genotype of varicella-zoster virus. | a new method was developed for determining the geographical origin of unidentified cadavers by examining the genome of varicella-zoster virus (vzv), which resides latently throughout life in most individuals and the genotypes which show distinct geographical distribution. vzv dna samples extracted from the trigeminal ganglia of 62 cadavers (59 from japan, and 1 each from the united kingdom, mongolia, and pakistan) submitted for medico-legal autopsy were examined. sequencing was performed on a 35 ... | 2010 | 20336724 |
| solid-phase speciation of pb in urban road dust sediment: a xanes and exafs study. | the quality of the urban environment is of growing concern as its human population continues to dramatically increase. x-ray absorption spectroscopy (xas) and sem have been used to study the solid-phase speciation of pb in urban road dust sediments (rds) in manchester, uk. xanes analysis and linear combination modeling indicate that pbcro(4) and pb-sorbed goethite occur in 1000-500 microm, 250-125 microm, 63-38 microm, and <38 microm size fractions, collectively representing between 51-67% of th ... | 2010 | 20337471 |
| 5htt genotype moderates the influence of early institutional deprivation on emotional problems in adolescence: evidence from the english and romanian adoptee (era) study. | a common polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (slc6a4, 5htt) has been repeatedly shown to moderate the influence of childhood adversity and stressful life events on the development of psychopathology. using data from the english and romanian adoptee study, a prospective-longitudinal study of individuals (n = 125) exposed to severe early institutional deprivation (id), we tested whether the effect of id on adolescent emotional problems is moderated by 5htt genotype and stressful life ev ... | 2010 | 20345836 |
| triaging for adult critical care in the event of overwhelming need. | predictions of the need for critical care within the h1n1 influenza pandemic suggested overwhelming need beyond potential resources, necessitating rationing of care via triaging. | 2010 | 20349037 |
| q fever outbreak in cheltenham, united kingdom, in 2007 and the use of dispersion modelling to investigate the possibility of airborne spread. | we describe the investigation of an outbreak of q fever in the town of cheltenham, england. the outbreak was detected in june 2007, and prospective and retrospective case finding identified 30 confirmed or probable human cases. the investigation identified windborne spread of coxiella burnetii from nearby sheep farms as the most likely source of infection. a telephone survey was conducted to identify risk practices at local farms. subsequently the atmospheric dispersion model name was used to id ... | 2010 | 20350497 |
| mutations in chmp2b in lower motor neuron predominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als). | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als), a common late-onset neurodegenerative disease, is associated with fronto-temporal dementia (ftd) in 3-10% of patients. a mutation in chmp2b was recently identified in a danish pedigree with autosomal dominant ftd. subsequently, two unrelated patients with familial als, one of whom also showed features of ftd, were shown to carry missense mutations in chmp2b. the initial aim of this study was to determine whether mutations in chmp2b contribute more broadly to ... | 2010 | 20352044 |
| gps' opinions on the nhs and hpa response to the first wave of the influenza a/h1n1v pandemic. | the first wave of influenza a/h1n1v resulted in a significant demand on primary care services. this cross-sectional study describes gps' opinions of how information was communicated to them during this period and the overall response of the nhs and health protection agency. accessibility of current guidance and ease of obtaining antiviral medication were perceived as strengths, but clarity of the information provided was consistently perceived as poor. the majority of gps supported the introduct ... | 2010 | 20353672 |
| long-term follow-up of cervical disease in women screened by cytology and hpv testing: results from the hart study. | several studies have shown that testing for high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) types results in an improved sensitivity for cin2+, compared with cytology, although with a somewhat lower specificity. | 2010 | 20354519 |
| antimicrobial resistance in equine faecal escherichia coli isolates from north west england. | escherichia coli isolates of equine faecal origin were investigated for antibiotic resistance, resistance genes and their ability to perform horizontal transfer. | 2010 | 20374640 |
| changes in fetal prevalence and outcome for trisomies 13 and 18: a population-based study over 23 years. | changes in prenatal diagnosis and maternal age are likely to have an impact on live born prevalence of trisomies 13 and 18. we investigated trends in diagnosis, prevalence, and survival in these conditions. | 2011 | 20384468 |
| a lipopolysaccharide adsorber in adult cardiopulmonary bypass: a single centre randomised controlled pilot trial. | the aim of this study was to describe the biochemical effects and safety of selective removal of endotoxin from whole blood using a lipopolysaccharide adsorber during complex cardiac surgery. | 2010 | 20385666 |
| using supported learning to ensure nurse recruits are skilled to care for acutely ill patients. | recruiting registered nurses to acute care wards can be difficult as applicants often lack the necessary skills to work with acutely ill patients. to overcome this problem the royal united hospital bath trust set up an acute care training programme. through partnership working between managers, clinical, education and human resource staff, it provides an opportunity for nurses to develop confidence and competence to meet the needs of the acutely ill. | 2010 | 20391835 |
| mainstreaming genetics: a comparative review of clinical services for inherited cardiovascular conditions in the uk. | inherited cardiovascular conditions (iccs) are a group of monogenic disorders caused by mutations in the components of the electrical and contractile system of the heart or its vasculature. iccs include arrhythmias, cardiomyopathies, inherited arteriopathies such as marfan syndrome, muscular dystrophies, and familial hypercholesterolaemia. epidemiological data on iccs are sparse but a survey of the available literature suggests that there are approximately 340,000 prevalent cases of these condit ... | 2010 | 20395692 |
| a novel paclitaxel-eluting stent with an ultrathin abluminal biodegradable polymer 9-month outcomes with the jactax hd stent. | the jactax hd trial ("jactax" trial drug eluting stent trial) evaluated the safety and clinical performance of a novel jactax hd (boston scientific corporation, natick, massachusetts) paclitaxel-eluting stent (pes) in de novo coronary lesions. | 2010 | 20398872 |
| occupation and mortality related to alcohol, drugs and sexual habits. | to identify opportunities for targeted prevention, we explored differences in occupational mortality from diseases and injuries related to alcohol consumption, sexual habits and drug abuse. | 2010 | 20407041 |
| evaluation of international recruitment of health professionals in england. | to explore whether a period of intensive international recruitment by the english national health service (nhs) achieved its objectives of boosting workforce numbers and to set this against the wider costs, longer-term challenges and questions arising. | 2010 | 20410188 |
| legal implications of tissue. | this paper reviews the legal rules that govern the way surgeons deal with human tissues during the course of diagnosing and treating their patients. the topic is dominated by the human tissue act 2004, which was enacted in september 2006; thus, the article applies specifically only to england, wales and northern ireland, since scotland has separate legislation (human tissue (scotland) act 2006). although the human tissue act 2004 was built largely upon a plethora of legal principles that were de ... | 2010 | 20412669 |
| the prevalence and natural history of dominant optic atrophy due to opa1 mutations. | autosomal dominant optic atrophy (doa) is a major cause of visual impairment in young adults that is characterized by selective retinal ganglion cell loss. to define the prevalence and natural history of this optic nerve disorder, we performed a population-based epidemiologic and molecular study of presumed doa cases in the north of england. | 2010 | 20417570 |
| hospital stays for young adults with flu shot up in england in 2009. | 2010 | 20418247 | |
| the concept of 'nursing' in the abortion services. | this paper is a report of a study of the perceptions of nurses who work in abortion services. | 2010 | 20423372 |
| incorporation of a genetic factor into an epidemiologic model for prediction of individual risk of lung cancer: the liverpool lung project. | the liverpool lung project (llp) has previously developed a risk model for prediction of 5-year absolute risk of lung cancer based on five epidemiologic risk factors. sez6l, a met430iie polymorphic variant found on 22q12.2 region, has been previously linked with an increased risk of lung cancer in a case-control population. in this article, we quantify the improvement in risk prediction with addition of sez6l to the llp risk model. data from 388 llp subjects genotyped for sez6l single-nucleotide ... | 2010 | 20424129 |
| chemokine ligand 2 genetic variants, serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels, and the risk of coronary artery disease. | in humans, evidence about the association between levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (mcp-1), its coding gene chemokine (c-c motif) ligand 2 (ccl2), and risk of coronary artery disease (cad) is contradictory. | 2010 | 20431065 |
| the darwins and wells: from revolution to evolution. | in the biography of his grandfather (erasmus darwin), charles darwin hinted that his father (robert darwin) had received parental assistance in conducting and writing his medical thesis (which concerned afterimages). the experiments also involved visual vertigo, and they were elaborated by the senior darwin in his zoonomia, published in 1794. erasmus darwin's interpretation was in terms of trying to pursue peripheral afterimages formed during rotation; it was at variance with one published two y ... | 2010 | 20446155 |
| darwin's unsolved problem: the place of consciousness in an evolutionary world. | "how does consciousness commence?" when darwin set about developing his evolution theory on his return from the beagle circumnavigation in 1836, he quickly realized that one major problem was, precisely, the existence of "mind" in a material world. this paper reviews his early struggles with this problem and pursues it into his later writings, especially the 1872 expression of emotions and in the work of his disciple g. j. romanes. in the 1871 descent of man, darwin admits defeat, writing that " ... | 2010 | 20446156 |
| neurognostics question. metamorphosis of a man: diagnosing joseph merrick. proteus syndrome. | 2010 | 20446160 | |
| a comprehensive study of the association between the egfr and erbb2 genes and glioma risk. | glioma is the most common type of adult brain tumor and glioblastoma, its most aggressive form, has a dismal prognosis. receptor tyrosine kinases such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr, erbb2, erbb3, erbb4) family, and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (vegfr), play a central role in tumor progression. we investigated the genetic variants of egfr, erbb2, vegfr and their ligands, egf and vegf on glioma and glioblastoma risk. in addition, we evaluated the association of g ... | 2010 | 20446891 |
| ccaat/enhancer binding protein alpha, beta and delta gene variants: associations with obesity related phenotypes in the leeds family study. | to identify novel polymorphisms in the genes encoding the transcription factors ccaat/enhancer binding protein alpha, beta and delta ( cebpa, cebpb, cebpd) and investigate associations between polymorphisms and obesity-related phenotypes. | 2010 | 20460359 |
| human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and migrant "risk environments": the case of the ethiopian and eritrean immigrant community in the west midlands of the uk. | the flow of migrants from high human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) prevalence regions such as sub-saharan africa to western countries is changing the profile of hiv infection in host countries, with immigrants from these countries accounting for the majority of heterosexually acquired hiv infection. few studies have been conducted on the sexual culture and practices of different migrant african communities living in western countries including the uk. significant gaps therefore exist in our knowl ... | 2010 | 20480439 |
| novel noninvasive identification of biomarkers by analytical profiling of chronic wounds using volatile organic compounds. | a complex profile of volatile organic compounds ("voc"s) emanates from human skin, which is altered by changes in the body's metabolic or hormonal state, the external environment, and the bacterial species colonizing the skin surface. the aim of this study was to compare voc profiles sampled from chronic leg wounds with those from asymptomatic skin. five participants with chronic arterial leg ulcers were selected. voc samples were obtained using polydimethylsilicone membranes ("skin-patch method ... | 2010 | 20492633 |
| pandemic (h1n1) 2009: setting up a multi-agency regional response centre--a toolkit for other public health emergencies. | the h1n1 pandemic emerged from mexico in april 2009. in the uk, local health protection units were quickly overwhelmed with calls from health professionals seeking public health advice on this novel virus. the health protection agency (hpa) led the initial response and established regional flu response centres (frcs). in london, the hpa's flu response moved swiftly from four in-house emergency operations centres to a fully functional multiagency response centre in rented office space, working wi ... | 2010 | 20494880 |
| an investigation into the occurrence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in two soil size fractions at a former industrial site in ne england, uk using in situ pfe-gc-ms. | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) concentrations were determined in 16 topsoils (0-10 cm) collected across the site of a former tar works in ne england. the soils were prepared in the laboratory to two different particle size fractions: <250 μm (fraction a) and >250 μm to <2 mm (fraction b). sixteen priority pahs were analysed in the soils using in situ pressurised fluid extraction (pfe) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). the average total pah concentration in the soil ... | 2010 | 20496100 |
| variability of parathyroid hormone and other markers of bone mineral metabolism in patients receiving hemodialysis. | clinical management of mineral bone disorder in patients with kidney failure is guided by biochemical targets, in particular parathyroid hormone (pth) concentration. the biologic variation of pth and other bone mineral markers was measured in hemodialysis patients to better define their role in management. | 2010 | 20498246 |
| hba1c league tables: might assay variability encourage foul play? | 2010 | 20501454 | |
| chemist, entomologist, darwinian, and man of affairs: raphael meldola and the making of a scientific career. | raphael meldola frs (1849-1915) was professor of chemistry at the city and guilds technical college in finsbury. he was a colleague and close friend of silvanus phillips thompson frs (1851-1916), the college principal and professor of physics. this paper follows an earlier one on thompson and the making of his career. it is intended to illustrate further the ways in which scientists of meldola and thompson's generation gained advancement within the scientific community. meldola had interests bey ... | 2010 | 20503778 |
| the unmaking of an anthropologist: wallace returns from the field, 1862-70. | this essay follows alfred russel wallace back from the field in 1862, tracing how his views on human evolution developed after his field experiences in the east indies and how he articulated them within the social structure of british science during the 1860s. it analyses his involvement in the metropolitan scientific institutions dedicated to the study of man, the ethnological society of london and its breakaway counterpart, the anthropological society of london, which offered differing visions ... | 2010 | 20503822 |
| pandemic influenza a (h1n1) 2009 and mortality in the united kingdom: risk factors for death, april 2009 to march 2010. | this paper describes the epidemiology of fatal pandemic influenza a(h1n1) cases in the united kingdom (uk) since april 2009 and in particular risk factors associated with death. a fatal case was defined as a uk resident who died between 27 april 2009 and 12 march 2010, in whom pandemic influenza a(h1n1) infection was confirmed by laboratory or recorded on death certificate. case fatality ratios (cfr) were calculated using the estimated cumulative number of clinical cases as the denominator. the ... | 2010 | 20504388 |
| chest radiography findings in adults with pandemic h1n1 2009 influenza. | the current pandemic of a novel influenza a (h1n1) virus, commonly referred to as "swine flu", began in mexico in march 2009 and reached the uk in april 2009. by 21 july 2009, more than 850 suspected cases of influenza had been seen at birmingham heartlands hospital (bhh), including 52 adults with laboratory-confirmed pandemic h1n1 influenza who were admitted. of seven patients (13%) requiring intensive care, six needed mechanical ventilation, two needed extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ecm ... | 2010 | 20505030 |
| modulation of hiv-1 macrophage-tropism among r5 envelopes occurs before detection of neutralizing antibodies. | hiv-1 r5 viruses vary widely in their capacity to infect primary macrophages. r5 macrophage-tropism is associated with an increased envelope:cd4 affinity that partly results from an increased exposure of cd4 contact residues on gp120 and allows the use of low levels of cd4 for infection. the selective pressures in vivo that modulate r5 macrophage-tropism are not understood. it is possible that different r5 variants adapt for replication in either t-cells (high cd4) or in macrophages (low cd4). h ... | 2010 | 20507591 |
| vampires and resurrection men: the perils and pleasures of the embodied past in 1840s sensational fiction. | this essay examines embodied representations of the past in two of the most popular penny serials of the 1840s, g.w.m. reynolds's "the mysteries of london" and james malcolm rymer's "varney the vampyre; or, the feast of blood." the cadaverous "resurrection man" of "the mysteries" and sir francis varney the vampire -- both villains figured as irrepressible, resurrected corpses -- corporealize the inescapable return of personal and political history. functioning as shadowy doubles of their serials ... | 2009 | 20533615 |
| social policy for people with dementia in england: promoting human rights? | this paper discusses whether current uk social policy promotes the human rights of people with dementia living in england. the author focuses on the role of recent legal reforms and key developments in social care policy--notably the mental capacity act 2005 and the 2009 national dementia strategy--in facilitating their human rights to liberty and self-determination, particularly a right to choose to live at home. the extent to which the national dementia strategy provides access to services and ... | 2010 | 20561073 |
| spatial dynamics of the 1918 influenza pandemic in england, wales and the united states. | there is still limited understanding of key determinants of spatial spread of influenza. the 1918 pandemic provides an opportunity to elucidate spatial determinants of spread on a large scale. to better characterize the spread of the 1918 major wave, we fitted a range of city-to-city transmission models to mortality data collected for 246 population centres in england and wales and 47 cities in the us. using a gravity model for city-to-city contacts, we explored the effect of population size and ... | 2011 | 20573630 |
| national swine flu adult assessment guidelines: retrospective validation of objective criteria in three proxy datasets. | to validate the objective criteria in the department of health adult swine flu assessment tool against proxy datasets for pandemic influenza. | 2011 | 20581387 |
| prnp allelic series from 19 years of prion protein gene sequencing at the mrc prion unit. | mutation of the human prion protein gene (prnp) open reading frame (orf) accounts for almost all reported familial concurrence of prion disease. the more common mutations globally: octapeptide repeat insertions, p102l, d178n, e200k, and v210i have occurred in large multigenerational pedigrees and display autosomal dominant inheritance, however, many rare genetic changes have been reported that are of uncertain pathogenicity. based on 19 years of prnp sequencing at the mrc prion unit, london, and ... | 2010 | 20583301 |
| searchers of the dead: authority, marginality, and the interpretation of plague in england, 1574-1665. | 1999 | 20583382 | |
| oral bioaccessibility of metals in an urban catchment, newcastle upon tyne. | the metal content was determined in soils from a former, historic, contaminated land site and now a 'green' public open space in n.e. england. using a systematic sampling grid approach, 32 soil samples were taken from locations across the site and analyzed for six potentially toxic elements (cd, cr, cu, ni, pb, and zn). initially, the pseudo-total metal content of the soils was determined using acid digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis. this data was evalua ... | 2011 | 20585835 |
| risk of breast cancer in male brca2 carriers. | the risk of breast cancer for unaffected men who test positive for a brca2 mutation is based on very few retrospective studies. we have used both retrospective and prospective analysis in 321 families with pathogenic brca2 mutations. three breast cancers occurred in male first-degree relatives after family ascertainment in 4140 years of follow-up suggesting a risk of breast cancer to 80 years of 8.9%. a second analysis excluding index cases identified 16 breast cancers in 905 first-degree male r ... | 2010 | 20587410 |
| dentistry as a business: in search of the moral high ground. | this paper has been developed from a version originally submitted as an assignment for the faculty of general dental practice (uk) certificate in health services leadership and management course. it has been revised in the light of the independent review led by professor jimmy steele into national health service dental services in england (generally referred to as the steele report), which has commented on many of the points dealt with here. the paper addresses issues arising from a moral tensio ... | 2010 | 20594427 |
| yearworth v. north bristol nhs trust: a property case of uncertain significance? | it has long been the position in law that, subject to some minor but important exceptions, property cannot be held in the human body, whether living or dead. in the recent case of yearworth and others v north bristol nhs trust, however, the court of appeal for england and wales revisited the property debate and threw into doubt a number of doctrines with respect to property and the body. this brief article analyses yearworth, (1) reviewing the facts and the court's decision with respect to the o ... | 2010 | 20596782 |
| inhibitory effect of timp influences the morphology of varicose veins. | imbalance of matrix metalloproteinase enzymes (mmp) and their inhibitors (timps) may contribute to the development of varicose veins. we hypothesised that, histological changes in varicose vein wall correlate with alterations in expression of mmp/timp. | 2010 | 20598922 |
| aubrey leatham and the introduction of cardiac pacing to the uk. | in the early 1950s, dr aubrey leatham established a cardiac unit at st. george's hospital, hyde park corner, london. he developed and taught the essential clinical skill of cardiac auscultation. under his guidance a clinical department for the care of cardiac patients was developed and coupled to physiological academic research. he was a pioneer in cardiac pacing and, in 1961, harold siddons, o'neal humphries, and aubrey leatham implanted the first 'indwelling' pacemaker in the uk in a 65-year-o ... | 2010 | 20603304 |
| early pleistocene human occupation at the edge of the boreal zone in northwest europe. | the dispersal of early humans from africa by 1.75 myr ago led to a marked expansion of their range, from the island of flores in the east to the iberian peninsula in the west. this range encompassed tropical forest, savannah and mediterranean habitats, but has hitherto not been demonstrated beyond 45 degrees n. until recently, early colonization in europe was thought to be confined to the area south of the pyrenees and alps. however, evidence from pakefield (suffolk, uk) at approximately 0.7 myr ... | 2010 | 20613840 |
| long-term follow-up of the first patients to undergo transcatheter alcohol septal ablation. | we describe the 10-year outcome of the first-in-human series of 12 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy treated with alcohol septal ablation. there was no 30-day mortality. survival free of death, internal cardiac defibrillator discharge for treatment of ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia, severe new york heart association (nyha) class iii/iv and/or canadian cardiovascular society class iii/iv symptoms and the need for surgical myectomy in this cohort was 91% at 1 year and 73% at 10 ye ... | 2010 | 20616549 |
| [a tale of 2 cities. the dispute over the true origins of the royal society]. | when the royal society was founded in november 1660 it took scientific societies already existing in other european countries as its model. however, at a time when the new mathematical and experimental sciences were still generally without a secure institutional foundation there was also great interest in the new society on the part of scientists and scholars abroad. soon visitors such as christiaan huygens and balthazar de monconys were able to report positively on its practical orientation, wh ... | 2008 | 20617612 |
| epidemiology of anthroponotic and zoonotic human cryptosporidiosis in england and wales, 2004-2006. | in order to monitor epidemiological trends, cryptosporidium-positive samples (n=4509) from diarrhoeic patients were typed. compared to the previous 4 years, the proportion of cryptosporidium hominis cases in 2004-2006 increased to 57·3%, while 38·5% were c. parvum. the remaining 4·2% cases included mixed c. parvum and c. hominis infections, c. meleagridis, c. felis, c. ubiquitum and a novel genotype. when the typing results were combined with enhanced surveillance data to monitor risk exposures, ... | 2011 | 20619076 |
| risk factors for hospitalisation and poor outcome with pandemic a/h1n1 influenza: united kingdom first wave (may-september 2009). | background: during the first wave of pandemic h1n1 influenza in 2009, most cases outside north america occurred in the uk. the clinical characteristics of uk patients hospitalised with pandemic h1n1 infection and risk factors for severe outcome are described. | 2010 | 20627925 |
| monitoring hpv16/18 immunisation in england and elsewhere. | 2010 | 20628394 | |
| multi-site study of hpv type-specific prevalence in women with cervical cancer, intraepithelial neoplasia and normal cytology, in england. | knowledge of the prevalence of type-specific human papillomavirus (hpv) infections is necessary to predict the expected, and to monitor the actual, impact of hpv immunisation and to design effective screening strategies for vaccinated populations. | 2010 | 20628396 |
| exploring the needs, concerns and behaviours of people with existing respiratory conditions in relation to the h1n1 'swine influenza' pandemic: a multicentre survey and qualitative study. | people with respiratory conditions are a 'high-risk' group for h1n1 pandemic swine influenza ('swine flu'), hence they and their families may have information needs, worries and concerns regarding the condition. health-related behaviours, including vaccination, are recommended during the pandemic; understanding uptake of these is important. | 2010 | 20630122 |
| human listeriosis in england, 2001-2007: association with neighbourhood deprivation. | listeriosis is a rare but severe food-borne disease that predominantly affects pregnant women, the unborn, newborns, the elderly and immunocompromised people. despite the high mortality rate of the disease, its socio-economic determinants have not been studied in detail, meaning that health inequalities that might exist in relation to this disease are not apparent. laboratory surveillance data on listeriosis cases reported in england between 2001 and 2007 were linked to indices of deprivation an ... | 2010 | 20630146 |
| the potential impact and optimal cut-points of using glycated haemoglobin, hba1c, to detect people with impaired glucose regulation in a uk multi-ethnic cohort. | recommended diagnostic cut-points to detect impaired glucose regulation (igr, also termed prediabetes: impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance based on who 1999 criteria) are hba1c 6.0-6.4% and 5.7-6.4% from an international expert committee and american diabetes association, respectively. we investigated the impact on prevalence/phenotype from using these criteria compared to igr detected on oral glucose tolerance testing (ogtt) and determined optimal hba1c cut-points for igr ... | 2010 | 20633944 |
| congenital insensitivity to pain: novel scn9a missense and in-frame deletion mutations. | scn9aencodes the voltage-gated sodium channel na(v)1.7, a protein highly expressed in pain-sensing neurons. mutations in scn9a cause three human pain disorders: bi-allelic loss of function mutations result in channelopathy-associated insensitivity to pain (cip), whereas activating mutations cause severe episodic pain in paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (pepd) and primary erythermalgia (pe). to date, all mutations in scn9a that cause a complete inability to experience pain are protein truncating ... | 2010 | 20635406 |
| the influence of tall man lettering on drug name confusion: a laboratory-based investigation in the uk using younger and older adults and healthcare practitioners. | medication errors commonly involve confusion between drugs with similar names. one possible method of reducing error is to emphasize differences between the names using 'tall man' (uppercase) letters (e.g. ceftazidime vs cefuroxime). previous studies investigating this issue have been conducted mainly on university students, and results have been mixed. | 2010 | 20635826 |
| dispensing patterns and financial costs of glucose-lowering therapies in the uk from 2000 to 2008. | a variety of influences determine prescribing behaviour. the purpose of this study was to characterize the pattern of dispensing for glucose-lowering and monitoring in the uk from 2000 to 2008, inclusively. | 2010 | 20636954 |
| dr. alexander garden, a linnaean in colonial america, and the saga of five "electric eels". | alexander garden (1730-1791) was born in scotland, where he trained in medicine before settling in south carolina in 1752. with a passion for collecting and a love of nature, he sent specimens to linnaeus and his associates in europe. in 1774, garden observed and conducted electrical experiments on some "eels" that had survived the trip from surinam to charleston. his detailed observations and reasons for believing they emit electricity were read before the royal society of london and subsequent ... | 2010 | 20639607 |
| cattle, weather and water: mapping escherichia coli o157:h7 infections in humans in england and scotland. | entero-haemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 is a zoonotic pathogen, responsible for a relatively small number of food poisoning and illness outbreaks each year, when compared with other food-borne bacteria capable of causing infections in the population. nevertheless, e. coli o157:h7 is a bacterial pathogen associated with severe human illnesses including bloody diarrhoea and haemolytic uremic syndrome occurring in both outbreak and sporadic settings. in england and wales approximately 1% of al ... | 2010 | 20642796 |
| serotonin transporter gene moderates the development of emotional problems among children following bullying victimization. | bullying is the act of intentionally and repeatedly causing harm to someone who has difficulty defending him- or herself, and is a relatively widespread school-age phenomenon. being the victim of bullying is associated with a broad spectrum of emotional problems; however, not all children who are bullied go on to develop such problems. | 2010 | 20643316 |
| why the medical research council refused robert edwards and patrick steptoe support for research on human conception in 1971. | in 1971, cambridge physiologist robert edwards and oldham gynaecologist patrick steptoe applied to the uk medical research council (mrc) for long-term support for a programme of scientific and clinical 'studies on human reproduction'. the mrc, then the major british funder of medical research, declined support on ethical grounds and maintained this policy throughout the 1970s. the work continued with private money, leading to the birth of louise brown in 1978 and transforming research in obstetr ... | 2010 | 20657027 |
| plato, wilde, and woolf: the poetics of homoerotic "intercourse" in a room of one's own. | this article places woolf in the context of homoerotic literary ancestry. it suggests that the overall argument in a room of one's own owes a debt to wilde's 1891 pamphlet the soul of man under socialism. it also examines woolf's controversial meditation on male-female collaboration and intercourse in a room, and suggests a homoerotic reading of this meditation, drawing on images and ideas of literary transmission and creation from plato's symposium. | 2010 | 20661802 |
| a comparison of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (tens) at 3 and 80 pulses per second on cold-pressor pain in healthy human participants. | electrophysiological studies suggest that there are differential frequency effects during tens. the aim of this experimental study was to assess the effects of strong non-painful tens administered at 3 pulses per second (pps) and 80 pps on cold-pressor pain in healthy human participants. a repeated measure design was used with participants receiving tens at 3 pps and 80 pps in the same experiment. there were six cold-pressor pain tests conducted on the hand with each type of tens delivered via f ... | 2010 | 20662877 |
| pathogen-induced rapid evolution in a vertebrate life-history trait. | anthropogenic factors, including climate warming, are increasing the incidence and prevalence of infectious diseases worldwide. infectious diseases caused by pathogenic parasites can have severe impacts on host survival, thereby altering the selection regime and inducing evolutionary responses in their hosts. knowledge about such evolutionary consequences in natural populations is critical to mitigate potential ecological and economic effects. however, studies on pathogen-induced trait changes a ... | 2011 | 20667871 |
| human papillomavirus vaccine coverage. | 2010 | 20674714 | |
| red, rank, and romance in women viewing men. | in many nonhuman species of vertebrates, females are attracted to red on male conspecifics. red is also a signal of male status in many nonhuman vertebrate species, and females show a mating preference for high-status males. these red-attraction and red-status links have been found even when red is displayed on males artificially. in the present research, we document parallels between human and nonhuman females' response to male red. specifically, in a series of 7 experiments we demonstrate that ... | 2010 | 20677892 |
| neutralization activity in a geographically diverse east london cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients: clade c infection results in a stronger and broader humoral immune response than clade b infection. | the array of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) subtypes encountered in east london, an area long associated with migration, is unusually heterogeneous, reflecting the diverse geographical origins of the population. in this study it was shown that viral subtypes or clades infecting a sample of hiv type 1 (hiv-1)-positive individuals in east london reflect the global pandemic. the authors studied the humoral response in 210 treatment-naïve chronically hiv-1-infected (>1 year) adult subjects again ... | 2010 | 20685933 |
| β-catenin/wnt signalling pathway in fibromatosis, metaplastic carcinomas and phyllodes tumours of the breast. | wnt signalling pathway is known to have a critical role in carcinogenesis and in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. upon wnt activation, β-catenin is translocated from the membrane to the cytoplasm and nucleus, where it interacts with transcriptional activators. it has been suggested that various spindle cell lesions of the breast may harbour wnt pathway activation. given that β-catenin nuclear localization constitutes a good surrogate marker of wnt canonical pathway activation, we have inves ... | 2010 | 20693983 |
| pre-surgical study of the biological effects of the selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib in patients with primary breast cancer. | cyclo-oxygenase 2 (cox-2) is implicated in the regulation of aromatase transcription in malignant breast tissue and has been considered as a potential target for tissue specific aromatase suppression. we initiated a randomised controlled pre-surgical study of celecoxib versus no treatment in women with primary breast cancer to determine the effects of cox-2 inhibition on markers of biological response. postmenopausal women (50-80 years of age) with stage i or ii, primary breast cancer, were rand ... | 2010 | 20697803 |
| social deprivation and exposure to health promotion. a study of the distribution of health promotion resources to schools in england. | area deprivation is a known determinant of health. it is also known that area deprivation is associated with lower impact health promotion. it is less well known, however, whether deprived areas are less responsive to health promotion, or whether they are less exposed. using data from a national, school-based campaign to promote vaccination against the human papilloma virus (hpv), the relationship between area deprivation and exposure was examined. | 2010 | 20698980 |
| prescribing in a pandemic: best use of oseltamivir in paediatric intensive care. | 2010 | 20702390 | |
| security requirements and solutions in electronic health records: lessons learned from a comparative study. | a growing capacity of information technologies in collection, storage and transmission of information in unprecedented amounts has produced significant problems about the availability of wide limit of the consumers of electronic health records of patients. with regard to the existence of many approaches to developing electronic health records, the basic question is what kind of model is suitable for the guarantee of the security of electronic health records? the present study is a descriptive-co ... | 2010 | 20703917 |
| incest, cousin marriage, and the origin of the human sciences in nineteenth-century england. | 2002 | 20707037 | |
| john urban human and the divided airway. | the divided airway, a device to aid in blind orotracheal intubation, was patented in 1936 by john urban human. however the inventor did not describe or openly promote his airway and his identity as its inventor was not known to his contemporaries. a biography of john urban human and a description of the divided airway are provided. | 2010 | 20715642 |