Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| thyroxine and free thyroxine levels in workers occupationally exposed to inorganic lead. | the effects of lead exposure on thyroid function are unclear. | 2011 | 21792313 |
| t3+ and t4 rectal cancer patients seem to benefit from the addition of oxaliplatin to the neoadjuvant chemoradiation regimen. | background: to achieve t-downstaging and better resectability in locally advanced rectal cancer, neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (rct) has become the current standard of treatment. a variety of schemes have been used. this study investigates which scheme had the best effect on these parameters. methods: our institution is a referral center for locally advanced rectal cancer. different neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy regimens were administered: long course radiotherapy (rth), 5-fu and leucovorin (5fu ... | 2011 | 21792506 |
| relevance of both individual risk factors and occupational exposure in cancer survival studies: the example of intestinal type sinonasal adenocarcinoma. | objectives/hypothesis: wood dust is a well-established risk factor for intestinal type sinonasal adenocarcinoma. the 5-year overall survival has varied from 20% to 80% according t1-t4 stages; 5-year survival according to histologic subtype has varied from 20% to 50%. to date, no study has evaluated whether environmental, occupational, and personal risk factors have any impact on both overall and cancer-specific survival. we aimed to determine whether exposure to carcinogenic risk factors besides ... | 2011 | 21792978 |
| screw motion regulates multiple functions of t4 phage protein gp5 during cell puncturing. | bacteriophage t4 penetrates the outer membrane of escherichia coli using a multifunctional device composed of a gene product 5 (gp5) protein trimer. we report that gp5 sequentially exerts distinct functions along the course of penetration stages induced by screw motion. a triple-stranded ß-helix of gp5 act as a cell-puncturing drill bit to make a hole on the membrane and then send the lipids upwards efficiently by strong charge interactions. the gp5 lysozyme domains, which degrade the peptidogly ... | 2011 | 21793574 |
| application of endoscopic sonography in preoperative staging of rectal cancer: six-year experience. | objectives- the aim of this study was to evaluate our experience with the application of endoscopic sonography in preoperative staging of rectal cancer. methods- between april 2004 and may 2010, 192 patients with rectal cancer first underwent endoscopic sonography and then underwent surgery at our hospital. none of the patients in this study received neoadjuvant therapy. the endoscopic sonographic staging results were compared with those of postoperative pathologic staging. results- the accuracy ... | 2011 | 21795480 |
| metastatic prostate cancer in ossification of the ligamentum flavum-a case report. | background context: no previous reports have described a metastatic tumor located in the ossification of the ligamentum flavum (olf). purpose: to report an extremely rare case of metastatic tumor located in the olf. study design: case report. methods: we report a case of a 54-year-old man who sustained paraparesis attributable to spinal cord compression because of olf in the thoracic spine. results: the olf at t3/t4 and t5/t6, together with the laminae of t3-t6, was resected. histologically, the ... | 2011 | 21798814 |
| thyroid gland invasion in laryngopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: prevalence, endoscopic and ct predictors. | objectives: the authors studied the prevalence of histological thyroid gland invasion in laryngopharyngeal cancer and the preoperative endoscopic and ct signs predictive of this invasion. patients and methods: retrospective study of patients with laryngopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (t3 and t4) treated by total laryngectomy or total laryngopharyngectomy associated with concomitant total thyroidectomy or ipsilateral lobectomy and isthmectomy. results: eighty-seven patients were included. ele ... | 2011 | 21798840 |
| molecular detection and comparison of acanthamoeba genotypes in different functions of watersheds in taiwan. | the protistan genus acanthamoeba is a free-living amoeba existing in various environments. within this protistan genus, there are some species recognized as potential human pathogens, which may cause granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, acanthamoeba keratitis and chronic granulomatous lesions of the skin. in this study, 211 water samples were collected from two watersheds in southern taiwan. we detected acanthamoeba based on the pcr amplification with a genus-specific primer pair and investigatio ... | 2011 | 21800062 |
| zebrafish eleutheroembryos provide a suitable vertebrate model for screening chemicals that impair thyroid hormone synthesis. | thyroxine-immunofluorescence quantitative disruption test (tiqdt) was designed to provide a simple, rapid, alternative bioassay for assessing the potential of chemical pollutants and drugs to disrupt thyroid gland function. this study demonstrated that zebrafish eleutheroembryos provided a suitable vertebrate model, not only for screening the potential thyroid disrupting effect of molecules, but also for estimating the potential hazards associated with exposure to chemicals directly impairing th ... | 2011 | 21800831 |
| boty-like retrotransposons in the filamentous fungus botrytis cinerea contain the additional antisense gene brtn. | long-terminal repeat (ltr) retrotransposons typically contain gag, pol, or gag-pol, and in some case env genes. in this work, we used data mining of the botrytis cinerea genomic sequence and a molecular approach to identify boty-like ltr retrotransposons in b. cinerea containing an antisense gene (brtn) between pol and the 3'-ltr. reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) revealed that some brtn-like genes could be expressed, at least in b. cinerea t4. we conducted blast comparisons and conserved-domai ... | 2011 | 21802103 |
| eus and magnetic resonance imaging in the staging of rectal cancer: a prospective and comparative study. | accurate locoregional staging is crucial in rectal cancer for deciding patient management because the administration of neoadjuvant therapy depends on it. eus and magnetic resonance imaging (mri) are used indistinctly in the pretherapeutic workup of rectal cancer. | 2011 | 21802588 |
| leptin-programmed rats respond to cold exposure changing hypothalamic leptin receptor and thyroid function differently from cold-exposed controls. | we showed that neonatal leptin treatment programmes for hyperleptinemia and central leptin resistance both at 30days-old and adulthood, while programmes for lower serum t3 at 30days-old, but higher thyroid hormones (th) at adulthood. as in these animals, acute cold at 30days-old normalized leptinemia and restored the expression of hypothalamic leptin receptor (obr), here we evaluate the effect of cold exposure on the thyroid function and obr in adult rats programmed by neonatal hyperleptinemia. ... | 2011 | 21803077 |
| cephalometric evaluation in different phases of jasper jumper therapy. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the dentoskeletal and soft-tissue effects of class ii malocclusion treatment with the jasper jumper followed by class ii elastics at the different stages of therapy. | 2011 | 21803237 |
| manserin as a novel histochemical neuroendocrine marker in prostate cancer. | objectives: to investigate the presence of manserin in human prostate cancers and to correlate manserin expression with pathologic outcomes and progression-free survival. methods: eighty-seven patients with recent prostate cancer were classified into 4 groups based on gleason score, and manserin immunohistochemistry was correlated with gleason sum grade. to investigate the validity of manserin as a prognostic factor, the cox proportional hazards regression model was performed on 48 patients in o ... | 2011 | 21803620 |
| dissociated time course of recovery between genders after resistance exercise. | flores, df, gentil, p, brown, le, pinto, rs, carregaro, rl, and bottaro, m. dissociated time course of recovery between genders after resistance exercise. j strength cond res 25(x): 000-000, 2011-comparisons between men and women of time course responses of strength, delayed-onset muscle soreness (doms), and muscle swelling after a resistance training session are still controversial. therefore, this study examined gender differences in strength loss, muscle thickness (mt), and doms between young ... | 2011 | 21804429 |
| thyroid function in children with nephrotic syndrome. | this study was done to find out the thyroid function of nephrotic children during nephrosis and to compare any significant changes of thyroid function status during nephrosis and remission. this is an observational study with prospective follow up of study subjects. it was carried out over a period of one year from july'2006 to june'2007 in the department of paediatric nephrology, national institute of kidney diseases & urology (nikdu), dhaka, bangladesh. a total of 85 nephrotic children with in ... | 2011 | 21804503 |
| comparison of two ventilation modes in post-cardiac surgical patients. | the cardiopulmonary bypass (cpb)-associated atelectasis accounted for most of the marked post-cpb increase in shunt and hypoxemia. we hypothesized that pressure-regulated volume-control (prvc) modes having a distinct theoretical advantage over pressure-controlled ventilation (pcv) by providing the target tidal volume at the minimum available pressure may prove advantageous while ventilating these atelactic lungs. | 2011 | 21804799 |
| intracellular detection of cytosine incorporation in genomic dna by using 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxycytidine. | 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxycytidine triphosphate (edctp) was synthesized as a probe to be used in conjunction with fluorescent labeling to facilitate the analysis of the in vivo dynamics of dna-centered processes (dna replication, repair and cytosine demethylation). kinetic analysis showed that edctp is accepted as a substrate by klenow exo(-) and dna polymerase ß. incorporation of 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxycytidine (edc) into dna by these enzymes is, at most, modestly less efficient than native dc. edc-containi ... | 2011 | 21805552 |
| trans-placental transfer of thirteen perfluorinated compounds and relations with fetal thyroid hormones. | while the results of animal studies have shown that perfluorinated compounds (pfcs) can modulate concentrations of thyroid hormones in blood, limited information is available on relationships between concentrations of pfcs in human blood serum and fetal thyroid hormones. the relationship between concentrations of pfcs in blood and fetal thyroid hormone concentrations or birth weight, and ratios of major pfcs between maternal and fetal serum were determined. concentrations of pfcs were measured i ... | 2011 | 21805959 |
| transform and relax sampling for highly anisotropic systems: application to protein domain motion and folding. | transform and relax sampling (trs) is proposed as a conformational sampling method to enhance "soft" fluctuation in highly anisotropic systems using molecular dynamics simulation. this method consists of three stages; transform, relax, and sampling. in the transform stage, molecular dynamics simulation is performed with randomly assigned force bias to enhance the fluctuations along relatively soft collective movements, as expected from the linear response theory. after relaxing the heated system ... | 2011 | 21806159 |
| [effects of lys-glu-asp-gly and ala-glu-asp-glypeptides on hormonal activity and thyroid morphology in hypophysectomized mature and old birds]. | the aim of the paper was to investigate effects of lys-glu-asp-gly and ala-glu-asp-gly peptides which were designed and synthesized on the basis of amino acid study of the hypophyseal anterior and posterior lobe peptides on the thyroid morphology and hormonal activity in mature chicken and old birds. hypophysectomy was established to produce atrophic changes in the thyroid gland and development of secondary hypothyrosis. administration of lys-glu-asp-gly and ala-glu-asp-gly tetrapeptides signifi ... | 2011 | 21809626 |
| challenges in the management of stage ii colon cancer. | approximately one third of patients diagnosed with early-stage colon cancer will present with lymph node involvement (stage iii) and about one quarter with transmural bowel wall invasion but negative lymph nodes (stage ii). adjuvant chemotherapy targets micrometastatic disease to improve disease-free (dfs) and overall survival (os). while beneficial for stage iii patients, the role of adjuvant chemotherapy is unestablished in stage ii disease. this likely relates to the improved outcome of these ... | 2011 | 21810510 |
| [intervention of astragalus injection on the kidney injury after cardiopulmonary bypass of infants with congenital heart disease]. | to study the intervention of astragalus injection in the kidney injury of infants with congenital heart disease after cardiopulmonary bypass, thus providing a new method for protection of the kidney injury in them. | 2011 | 21812263 |
| developmental treatment with bisphenol a or ethinyl estradiol causes few alterations on early preweaning measures. | since bisphenol a (bpa) exposure is nearly ubiquitous, increased knowledge of its potential effects on development will enable better risk assessment and regulatory guidance. here, sprague-dawley rats were reared in low exogenous estrogen environments. after breeding at adulthood, dams were gavaged on gestational days (gds) 6-21 with vehicle (veh), 2.5 or 25.0 μg/kg/day bpa, or 5.0 or 10.0 μg/kg/day ethinyl estradiol (ee(2)). offspring were orally treated on pnds 1-21 with the same dose the dam ... | 2011 | 21813462 |
| spinal intramedullary cysticercosis: a case report and literature review. | neurocysticercosis, involvement of the central nervous system by taenia solium, is one of the most common parasitic diseases of the cns. however, spinal involvement by neurocysticercosis is uncommon. here, we reported a 40-year-old woman with intramedullary cysticercosis in the thoracic spinal cord. mri revealed two well-defined round intramedullary lesions at t4 and t5 vertebral levels, which were homogeneously hypointense on t1wi and hyperintense on t2wi with peripheral edema. since the patien ... | 2011 | 21814474 |
| intuitive visualization and quantification of intraventricular convection in acute ischemic left ventricular failure during early diastole using color doppler-based echocardiographic vector flow mapping. | the aim of this study was to make an intuitive visualization of intraventricular convection (ic) and quantification of intraventricular convection velocity (icv) in acute ischemic left ventricular (lv) failure of open-chest canines during early diastole contrast to the baseline conditions using color doppler-based echocardiographic vector flow mapping (vfm). the animal care committee approved this prospective study. in 6 anesthetized open-chest beagle models, the emergence time and the emergence ... | 2011 | 21814809 |
| nick sealing by t4 dna ligase on a modified dna template: tethering a functional molecule on d-threoninol. | efficient dna nick sealing catalyzed by t4 dna ligase was carried out on a modified dna template in which an intercalator such as azobenzene had been introduced. the intercalator was attached to a d-threoninol linker inserted into the dna backbone. although the structure of the template at the point of ligation was completely different from that of native dna, two odns could be connected with yields higher than 90 % in most cases. a systematic study of sequence dependence demonstrated that the l ... | 2011 | 21815224 |
| stretching dna in polymer nanochannels fabricated by thermal imprint in pmma. | we present results regarding the fast and inexpensive fabrication of polymer biochips for investigating the statics and dynamics of dna confined in nanochannels. the biochips have been fabricated by means of nanoimprint lithography (nil) in low molecular weight polymethyl methacrylate (pmma) using a 4-áinch diameter two-level hybrid stamp. the fluidic structures were sealed using thermal polymer fusion bonding. the stamp has nanometer--áand micrometer-sized protrusions defined in a thermally gro ... | 2008 | 21817722 |
| impact of severity, duration, and etiology of hyperthyroidism on bone turnover markers and bone mineral density in men. | abstract: background: hyperthyroidism is accompanied by osteoporosis with higher incidence of fracture rates. the present work aimed to study bone status in hyperthyroidism and to elucidate the impact of severity, duration, and etiology of hyperthyroidism on biochemical markers of bone turnover and bone mineral density (bmd). methods: fifty-two male patients with hyperthyroidism, 31 with graves' disease (gd) and 21 with toxic multinodular goiter (tng), with an age ranging from 23 to 65 years wer ... | 2011 | 21819612 |
| exploring the roles of nucleobase desolvation and shape complementarity during the misreplication of o(6)-methylguanine. | o(6)-methylguanine (o(6)-meg) is a miscoding dna lesion arising from the alkylation of guanine. this report uses the bacteriophage t4 dna polymerase as a model to probe the roles of hydrogen-bonding interactions, shape/size, and nucleobase desolvation during the replication of this miscoding lesion. this was accomplished by using transient kinetic techniques to monitor the kinetic parameters for incorporating and extending natural and nonnatural nucleotides. in general, the efficiency of nucleot ... | 2011 | 21819995 |
| seom clinical guidelines for the treatment of invasive bladder cancer. | the purpose of this article is to provide updated recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of muscle- invasive and metastatic bladder cancer. the diagnosis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer is made by transurethral resection and following histopathologic evaluation. invasive bladder cancer should be staged according to the uicc system. patients with confirmed muscle-invasive bladder cancer should be staged by computed tomography scans of the chest, abdomen and pelvis. radical cystectomy i ... | 2011 | 21821489 |
| comparison of methimazole and propylthiouracil in the management of children and adolescents with graves' disease: efficacy and adverse reactions during initial treatment and long-term outcome. | the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and adverse reactions during initial treatment and long-term outcome between children and adolescents with graves' disease (gd) treated with propylthiouracil (ptu) and those treated with methimazole (mmi). | 2011 | 21823520 |
| natural course of insomnia comorbid with cancer: an 18-month longitudinal study. | purpose this study aimed to assess the prevalence and natural course (incidence, persistence, remission, and relapse) of insomnia comorbid with cancer during an 18-month period. patients and methods all patients scheduled to receive a curative surgery for a first diagnosis of nonmetastatic cancer were approached on the day of their preoperative visit to participate in the study. a total of 962 patients with cancer (mixed sites) completed an insomnia diagnostic interview at the perioperative phas ... | 2011 | 21825267 |
| thyroid hormone transport in developing brain. | to discuss the recent advances on thyroid hormone transport in the brain. a special attention is paid to the x-linked thyroid hormone cell transport (thct) defect (also known as the allan-herndon-dudley syndrome), caused by mutations of the specific thyroid hormone transporter mct8 gene. | 2011 | 21825978 |
| microbiologic changes in subgingival plaque before and during the early period of orthodontic treatment. | abstract objective: to evaluate changes in subgingival microbiota before and during the leveling and alignment orthodontic stage using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method. materials and methods: thirty orthodontic patients (17 females and 13 males; aged 16.7 -¦ 6.5-áy) were included in this study. subgingival microbial samples were taken from the disto-buccal gingival crevice of the left upper central incisors, the left lower central incisors, the mesio-buccal gingival crevice of the left ... | 2011 | 21827233 |
| [laryngeal cancer treatment outcomes in our department]. | laryngeal cancer is one of the most common types of head and neck cancer. numerous studies have reported treatment outcomes, and therapeutic approaches and results are generally well established. however, the widespread use of concurrent chemoradiation therapy(ccrt)has led to differences among hospitals in laryngeal preservation rates in patients with t2 and t3 tumors. ccrt is the mainstay of treatment for laryngeal cancer in our department, given our goals of achieving organ and functional pres ... | 2011 | 21829068 |
| levothyroxine monotherapy cannot guarantee euthyroidism in all athyreotic patients. | levothyroxine monotherapy is the treatment of choice for hypothyroid patients because peripheral t4 to t3 conversion is believed to account for the overall tissue requirement for thyroid hormones. however, there are indirect evidences that this may not be the case in all patients. | 2011 | 21829633 |
| structural basis for sequence specific dna binding and protein dimerization of hoxa13. | the homeobox gene (hoxa13) codes for a transcription factor protein that binds to at-rich dna sequences and controls expression of genes during embryonic morphogenesis. here we present the nmr structure of hoxa13 homeodomain (a13dbd) bound to an 11-mer dna duplex. a13dbd forms a dimer that binds to dna with a dissociation constant of 7.5 nm. the a13dbd/dna complex has a molar mass of 35 kda consistent with two molecules of dna bound at both ends of the a13dbd dimer. a13dbd contains an n-terminal ... | 2011 | 21829694 |
| genome of low-temperature t4-related bacteriophage vb_ecom-vr7. | the complete genome sequence of the t4-related low-temperature escherichia coli bacteriophage vb_ecom-vr7 was determined. the genome sequence is 169,285 bp long, with a g+c content of 40.3%. overall, 95% of the phage genome is coding. it encodes 293 putative protein-encoding open reading frames (orfs) and trna(met). more than half (59%) of the genomic dna lacks significant homology with the dna of t4, but once translated, 72% of the vb_ecom-vr7 genome (211 orfs) encodes protein homologues of t4 ... | 2011 | 21830070 |
| bispectral monitoring in dogs subjected to ovariohysterectomy and anesthetized with halothane, isoflurane or sevoflurane. | to assess the effect of halothane (h), isoflurane (i) or sevoflurane (s) on the bispectral index (bis), and the effect of the addition of meperidine in dogs subjected to ovariohysterectomy. | 2011 | 21831053 |
| accelerated radiotherapy and concomitant high dose chemotherapy in non resectable stage iv locally advanced hnscc: results of a gortec randomized trial. | the objective was to evaluate the efficacy of a strong increase of the dose-intensity of concomitant radio-chemotherapy (rt-ct) in patients with far advanced non metastatic hnscc. | 2011 | 21831465 |
| effect of prepartum supplementation of selenium and vitamin e on serum se, igg concentrations and colostrum of heifers and on hematology, passive immunity and se status of their offspring. | forty heifers at the late stage of gestation were randomly assigned into five groups. heifers were balanced for age, weight, and time of calving in each group. four and 2-áweeks before expected time of calving, the heifers were injected with 0-áml (c), 10-áml (t1), 20-áml (t2), 30-áml (t3), and 40-áml (t4) se and ve supplements, respectively. each milliliter of the supplement contained of 0.5-ámg se as sodium selenite and 50-áiu of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate. blood samples were collected from t ... | 2011 | 21833648 |
| sustained control of graves' hyperthyroidism during long-term low-dose antithyroid drug therapy of patients with severe graves' orbitopathy. | background: patients with severe graves' orbitopathy often have hyperthyroidism that is difficult to treat and a high proportion of patients experience relapse of hyperthyroidism after a course of antithyroid drug (atd) therapy of fixed duration. the aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of prolonged low-dose atd therapy for attaining stable euthyroidism in patients with severe graves' orbitopathy and hyperthyroidism. methods: we performed retrospective analyses of data collected duri ... | 2011 | 21834677 |
| the association of insulin resistance with subclinical thyrotoxicosis. | background: although overt thyrotoxicosis is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity (is), the effects of subclinical thyrotoxicosis (sctox) (i.e., suppressed serum thyroid-stimulating hormone with free thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine within the reference range) on glucose metabolism are not clear. sctox may be of endogenous origin or due to ingestion of supraphysiological amounts of thyroid hormone. our hypotheses were that reduced is is present in sctox and that the degree of reduction dif ... | 2011 | 21834678 |
| Insights into molecular properties of the human monocarboxylate transporter 8 by combining functional with structural information. | The monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is a member of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) and transports specificly iodothyronines. MCT8 mutations are the underlying cause of a syndrome of severe X-linked psychomotor retardation known as the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by abnormally high T3, low/normal T4 serum levels and slightly elevated serum TSH. To date, more than 25 pathogenic mutations in hMCT8 are known and they are valuable indicators of important ... | 2011 | 21835051 |
| transcriptional regulation by nonclassical action of thyroid hormone. | abstract: thyroid hormone (th) is essential for normal development, growth and metabolism. its effects were thought to be principally mediated through triiodothyronine (t3), acting as a ligand for the nuclear th receptors (trs) +¦ and +¦ residing on thyroid hormone response elements (tres) in the promoter of th target genes. in this classical model of th action, t3 binding to trs leads to recruitment of basal transcription factors and increased transcription of th responsive genes.recently, the ... | 2011 | 21835053 |
| differential bacteriophage mortality on exposure to copper. | many studies report that copper can be used to control microbial growth, including that of viruses. we determined the rates of copper-mediated inactivation for a wide range of bacteriophages. we used two methods to test the effect of copper on bacteriophage survival. one method involved placing small volumes of bacteriophage lysate on copper and stainless steel coupons. following exposure, metal coupons were rinsed with lysogeny broth and the resulting fluid was serially diluted and plated on ag ... | 2011 | 21841029 |
| tonsillar metastasis of gastric cancer. | metastasis from a malignant tumor to the palatine tonsils is rare, with only 100 cases reported in the english-language literature. tonsillar metastasis from a gastric cancer is very rare. we report here a case of palatine tonsillar metastasis after gastric cancer surgery. the patient was an 88-year-old woman who had gastric cancer with abdominal wall invasion. she had undergone a distal gastrectomy with abdominal wall resection and d2 lymph node dissection. histologically, the tumor was primari ... | 2010 | 21841958 |
| the role of radiotherapy for t4 non-melanoma skin carcinoma. | introduction: to review outcomes of patients treated with radiotherapy (rt) for t4 non-melanoma skin cancer (nmsc). methods: a retrospective chart review was performed of 21 patients who received rt for t4 nmsc from 2004 to 2010. outcomes of treatment efficacy, rt technique and patient morbidity were analysed. twelve patients (57.1%) were treated definitively without prior treatment, five (23.8%) were recurrent lesions and four (19.1%) were treated postoperatively. ten patients (47.6%) had evide ... | 2011 | 21843177 |
| comparison of clinical and pathologic findings of prostate cancers detected through screening versus conventional referral in brazil. | introduction: data regarding prostate cancer screening in brazil are limited. we compared features of prostate cancers detected through screening versus those referred for treatment in brazil. patients and methods: group i included 500 of 13,754 men whose cancers were detected through screening, and group ii included 2731 men referred for treatment through the habitual public health system. we used mann-whitney and ¤ç(2) tests to compare clinical and pathologic findings, considering significant ... | 2011 | 21843976 |
| the pharmacists' role in improving guideline compliance for thyroid function testing in patients with heart failure. | this single-center retrospective pilot program's objective was to utilize outpatient pharmacists to improve laboratory test adherence in chronic heart failure (chf) patients overdue for thyroid function testing, thereby demonstrating the value of the outpatient pharmacist and justifying possible clinical role expansion. thyroid disorders may contribute to chf development, progression, and exacerbation. testing is the standard of care in chf patients per american heart association's 2009 guidelin ... | 2011 | 21844214 |
| Another 60 years in electron microscopy: development of phase-plate electron microscopy and biological applications. | It has been six decades since the concept of phase-plate electron microscopy was first reported by Boersch, but an experimental report on a phase plate with a theoretically rational performance has only recently been released by a group including the present author. Currently, many laboratories around the world are attempting to develop a wide range of phase plates to enhance the capabilities of transmission electron microscopy. They are reporting not only advantages of their own developments bu ... | 2011 | 21844600 |
| [clinical significance of radical cystectomy with extended lymphadenectomy]. | to evaluate the prognosis of patients treated with radical cystectomy and extended lymphadenectomy for invasive bladder cancer and to describe the association of the primary bladder tumor grade, stage, lymph node status and lymph node density with clinical outcomes. | 2011 | 21844970 |
| Resistant thyrotoxicosis in a patient with graves disease: a case report. | Background. Conventional management of thyrotoxicosis includes antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, and surgery while adjunctive treatment includes beta-blockers, corticosteroids, inorganic iodide and iopanoic acid. Very rarely, patients may be resistant to these modalities and require additional management. Case Presentation. A 50-year-old lady presented with weight loss and palpitations diagnosed as atrial fibrillation. Her past history was significant for right thyroid lobectomy for thyroto ... | 2011 | 21845211 |
| thyroid function tests during first-trimester of pregnancy: a review of literature. | this literature review was conducted to summarize the main points of maternal thyroid function tests, with particular attention in the first trimester of pregnancy which accompanied with significant biochemical and metabolic alteration. the evaluation of thyroid function of either hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism should be assessed by determination of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh), thyroxine (t4), triiodothyronine (t3), iodine and thyroid autoantibodies. glomerular filtration rate is ... | 2010 | 21848058 |
| Excess body fat is associated with higher risk of vertebral deformities in older women but not in men: a cross-sectional study. | Thinness is a risk factor for fractures, but the effect of obesity on fracture risk is less clear. We found an association between measures of obesity and prevalence and number of vertebral deformities in women but not in men, in a cross-sectional study of 1,011 participants aged 50-80 years. | 2012 | 21850547 |
| transgenic rice plants harboring the grain hardness-locus region of aegilops tauschii. | grain hardness of wheat is determined by the hardness (ha)-locus region, which contains three friabilin-related genes: puroindoline-a (pina), puroindoline-b (pinb) and gsp-1. in our previous study, we produced the transgenic rice plants harboring the large genomic fragment of the ha-locus region of aegilops tauschii containing pina and gsp-1 genes by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. to examine the effects of the transgenes in the rice endosperms, we firstly confirmed the homozygosity of th ... | 2011 | 21850595 |
| concomitant boost radiotherapy and multidrug chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer: results of a phase ii study. | an intensified multidrug chemotherapy regimen (raltitrexed plus oxaliplatin, tom-ox) plus concomitant boost radiotherapy, in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer patients, was shown feasible in our previous study. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy in terms of pathologic complete response to pre-operative therapy. | 2011 | 21851185 |
| Significance of histological prostatitis in patients with urinary retention and underlying benign prostatic hyperplasia or adenocarcinoma of the prostate. | What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? It is known that histological prostatitis is associated with a significantly higher risk for acute urinary retention in men with BPH. This study showed that, in men with BPH, histological prostatitis was associated with urinary retention at a significantly younger age and with higher serum PSA levels. In men with ACP, histological prostatitis was associated with urinary retention at an earlier stage of cancer. Study Type - Prognosis (indi ... | 2011 | 21851551 |
| tertiary hypothyroidism in a dog. | : a nine-year-old male entire labrador was diagnosed with pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism. following seven months of successful mitotane therapy, the dog presented with marked weight gain, seborrhoea and alopecia. routine clinicopathological analyses revealed marked hypercholesterolaemia. serum total and free thyroxine (t4) concentrations were below their respective reference ranges. serum thyroid stimulating hormone (ctsh) concentration was within reference range. tsh and thyrotropin r ... | 2007 | 21851691 |
| microbial removal from the separated liquid fraction of anaerobically digested pig manure in meso-scale integrated constructed wetlands. | the aim was to investigate microbial removal from the liquid fraction of anaerobically digested pig manure in meso-scale integrated constructed wetlands (icw's) over a 13 month period. four treatments were investigated: t1 (standard), t2 (effluent recycling), t3 (high nutrient loading), and t4 (high flow rate). mean counts of yeasts and moulds and spore-forming bacteria were higher in t3 and t4 than in t1 and t2 (p<0.05). flow through the cells reduced mean counts of coliform, yeasts and moulds ... | 2011 | 21852121 |
| characterization of tchmgb, a high mobility group b family member protein from trypanosoma cruzi. | high mobility group b (hmgb) proteins are highly abundant non-histone chromatin proteins that play important roles in the execution and control of many nuclear functions. based on homology searches, we identified the coding sequence for the tchmgb protein, an hmgb family member from trypanosoma cruzi. tchmgb has two hmg box domains, similar to mammalian hmgbs, but lacks the typical c-terminal acidic tail. instead, it contains a 110 amino acid long n-terminal domain. the tchmgb n-terminal domain ... | 2011 | 21854779 |
| peer victimization, depressive symptoms, and high salivary cortisol predict poorer memory in children. | the predictive relations of peer victimization, depressive symptoms, and salivary cortisol on memory in 168 children aged 12 at time 1 (t1) were examined using a longitudinal design in which data were collected on four occasions over a 2-year period. results indicated that: (1) peer victimization, depressive symptoms, and evening cortisol were stable over time, (2) peer victimization and elevated symptoms of depression were concurrently linked at each time, (3) t1 peer victimization predicted el ... | 2011 | 21855200 |
| Schistosoma japonicum: treatment of different developmental stages in mice with long-acting praziquantel implants. | This paper reports the effective treatment of Schistosoma japonicum in a mouse model with long-acting praziquantel (PZQ)-loaded poly(e-caprolactone) implants. The implants yielded stable, high plasma PZQ concentrations ranging 100-1600 ng/mL during the 40-day investigation period. For assessment of efficacy, the implants were implanted into mice immediately after infection and at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after infection to treat the schistosomes at different developmental stages. All the mice were sa ... | 2011 | 21856298 |
| Spinal Cord Intramedullary Pressure in Thoracic Kyphotic Deformity: A Cadaveric Study. | ABSTRACT: Study Design. In vitro cadaveric study of thoracic spinal cord intramedullary pressure (IMP) in kyphotic deformity.Objective. To define the relationship between thoracic spinal kyphotic deformity and spinal cord intramedullary pressure.Summary of Background Data. Previous studies of asymptomatic volunteers have revealed that there is wide variation in regional sagittal neutral upright thoracic spinal alignment with "normal" thoracic T4-T12 kyphosis ranging up to approximately +69° for ... | 2011 | 21857404 |
| Solution structure of a minor and transiently formed state of a T4 lysozyme mutant. | Proteins are inherently plastic molecules, whose function often critically depends on excursions between different molecular conformations (conformers). However, a rigorous understanding of the relation between a protein's structure, dynamics and function remains elusive. This is because many of the conformers on its energy landscape are only transiently formed and marginally populated (less than a few per cent of the total number of molecules), so that they cannot be individually characterized ... | 2011 | 21857680 |
| free energy perturbation hamiltonian replica-exchange molecular dynamics (fep/h-remd) for absolute ligand binding free energy calculations. | free energy perturbation with replica exchange molecular dynamics (fep/remd) offers a powerful strategy to improve the convergence of free energy computations. in particular, it has been shown previously that a fep/remd scheme allowing random moves within an extended replica ensemble of thermodynamic coupling parameters "lambda" can improve the statistical convergence in calculations of absolute binding free energy of ligands to proteins [j. chem. theory comput. 2009, 5, 2583]. in the present st ... | 2010 | 21857813 |
| biochemical characterization of a structure-specific resolving enzyme from sulfolobus islandicus rod-shaped virus 2. | sulfolobus islandicus rod shaped virus 2 (sirv2) infects the archaeon sulfolobus islandicus at extreme temperature (70°c-80°c) and acidity (ph 3). sirv2 encodes a holliday junction resolving enzyme (sirv2 hjr) that has been proposed as a key enzyme in sirv2 genome replication. the molecular mechanism for sirv2 hjr four-way junction cleavage bias, minimal requirements for four-way junction cleavage, and substrate specificity were determined. sirv2 hjr cleaves four-way dna junctions with a prefere ... | 2011 | 21858199 |
| Dynamics of mutator and antibiotic-resistant populations in a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm treatment. | Biofilm growth, antibiotic resistance, and mutator phenotypes are key components of chronic respiratory infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients. We examined the dynamics of mutator and antibiotic-resistant populations in P. aeruginosa flow-cell biofilms, using fluorescently tagged PAO1 and PAOMS (mutator [mutS] derivative) strains. Two-day-old biofilms were treated with ciprofloxacin (CIP) for 4 days (t4) at 2 µg/ml, which correlated with the mutant prevention concentrat ... | 2011 | 21859941 |
| comparison of s100β levels, and their correlation with hemodynamic indices in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with three different anesthetic techniques. | cardiac surgery with aid of cardiopulmonary bypass (cpb) is associated with neurological dysfunction. the presence of cerebrospecific protein s100β in serum is an indicator of cerebral damage. this study was designed to evaluate the influence of three different anesthesia techniques, on s100β levels, in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting on cpb. a total of 180 patients were divided into three groups - each of who received sevoflurane, isoflurane and total intravenous anesthesia ... | 2011 | 21860192 |
| focus on extralevator perineal dissection in supine position for low rectal cancer has led to better quality of surgery and oncologic outcome. | background: after abdominoperineal excision (ape), the presence of tumor cells in the circumferential resection margin (r1) and iatrogenic tumor perforations are still frequent and result in an increased rate of local recurrences. in this study, a standardized supine ape with an increased focus on the perineal dissection (sppd) is compared to the customary supine ape. methods: from 2000 to 2010, a total of 246 patients underwent ape for rectal cancer (sppd and customary supine ape). all patients ... | 2011 | 21861224 |
| [Patient-controlled epidural analgesia combined with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia for postoperative analgesia after miles' operation for rectal cancer]. | A 69-year-old woman (156 cm, 53 kg) underwent a Miles' operation, total hysterectomy, resection of vagina, and thigh flap to vulva for rectal cancer. Before general anesthesia, an epidural catheter was inserted at T11-12 interspace, and 1.5% mepivacaine 7ml was administered. Sensory block level spread from T4 to L1. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane in air oxygen mixture. Operation was performed uneventfully. After the operation, postoperative analgesia was ach ... | 2011 | 21861422 |
| A new strategy for the synthesis of bisaminoacylated tRNAs. | Tandemly activated tRNAs participate effectively in protein synthesis and exhibit superior chemical and biochemical stability compared to the more commonly used singly aminoacylated tRNAs. While several bisaminoacylated tRNAs have been prepared via the T4 RNA ligase-mediated condensation of bisaminoacylated pdCpAs and abbreviated tRNA transcripts (tRNA-C(OH)), the bisaminoacylated pdCpAs are difficult to prepare when using bulky amino acids. Described herein is a new strategy for preparing bisam ... | 2011 | 21861452 |
| central neuropeptide y infusion and melanocortin 4 receptor antagonism inhibit thyrotropic function by divergent pathways. | weight loss inhibits thyrotropic function and reduces metabolic rate, thereby contributing to weight regain. under negative energy balance there is an increase in the hypothalamic expression of both neuropeptide y (npy) and agouti related peptide (agrp), the endogenous antagonist of melanocortin 4 (mc4) receptors. both npy and mc4 receptor antagonism reduce thyrotropic function centrally, but it is not known whether these pathways operate by similar or distinct mechanisms. we compared the time-c ... | 2011 | 21862125 |
| Idiopathic spinal cord herniation at two separate zones of the thoracic spine: the first reported case and literature review. | Idiopathic spinal cord herniation (ISCH) is a rare cause of progressive myelopathy. Preoperative diagnosis can be made with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Many surgical techniques have been applied by various authors, and ISCH is usually reversible by surgical treatment. | 2011 | 21862417 |
| thyroid autoimmunity in children with coeliac disease: a prospective survey. | thyroid autoimmunity (ta) is often associated with coeliac disease (cd). | 2011 | 21862521 |
| the effect of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia on postoperative hypokalemia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. | we investigated whether hypokalemia developed during the postoperative period and whether the use of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (iv-pca) could decrease the incidence of postoperative hypokalemia in patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. | 2011 | 21863389 |
| lumbo-pelvic lordosis and the pelvic radius technique in the assessment of spinal sagittal balance: strengths and caveats. | the two main methodologies described for the assessment of spinal sagittal alignment are the pelvic radius (pr) technique and that based on measures of the pelvic incidence (pi) and spino-sacral angle (ssa). both methods stress the fundamental relationship between the anatomical position and orientation of the sacrum within the pelvis and the spinal curves above. the aim of the current study was to assess the strengths and potential weaknesses of the pr technique. the pr technique uses measures ... | 2011 | 21863464 |
| [multimodal therapy for colon cancer: state of the art]. | in uicc stage i a selected group of patients with t1 tumours and a low risk profile regarding simultaneous lymph node metastases can be treated by endoscopic resection alone, if the tumour is thereby completely removed. in uicc stage ii an adjuvant chemotherapy (ct) should not be routinely performed. however, in high risk uicc stage ii patients (t4 tumour, less than 12 examined lymph nodes, emergency surgery, intraoperative tumour perforation), an adjuvant ct with infusional 5-fu/fa should be re ... | 2011 | 21863510 |
| laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: oncological and functional outcomes of 559 cases in siriraj hospital, thailand. | to evaluate the results of oncological and functional outcomes of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (lrp) during the first five years experience in siriraj hospital. | 2011 | 21863675 |
| prognostic value of prevertebral space involvement in nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on intensity-modulated radiotherapy. | purpose: to investigate the prognostic significance of prevertebral space involvement (psi) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (imrt). methods and materials: a retrospective review of data from 506 biopsy-proven, nonmetastatic npcs was performed. patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging examinations and received imrt as their primary treatment. results: in this series, 161 npc patients (31.8%) had psi. parapharyngeal space (p < 0.00 ... | 2011 | 21864993 |
| [genetic diversity of major capsid genes (g23) of t4-type bacteriophages in natural environments--a review]. | during the past two decades, the genetic diversities of bacterial and fungal communities and their relationship with the inhabited environments were intensively studied with the development of molecular biological techniques. however, although bacteriophages are ubiquitous and more abundant than their hosts in biosphere, their diversity is still little known. in this paper, we targeted the major capsid genes (g23) of t4-type bacteriophages and reviewed the recent progress on their genetic divers ... | 2011 | 21866696 |
| Prediction of long-term disability in multiple sclerosis. | Background: Little is known about the predictive value of neurophysiological measures for the long-term course of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To prospectively investigate whether combined visual (VEP) and motor evoked potentials (MEP) allow prediction of disability over 14 years. Methods: A total of 30 patients with relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive MS were prospectively investigated with VEPs, MEPs and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at entry (T0) and after 6, 12 ... | 2011 | 21868486 |
| evaluation of a pharmacist-managed amiodarone monitoring program. | because of the potential for serious adverse effects, patients treated with amiodarone must be carefully screened and routinely monitored for potential liver, thyroid, and pulmonary toxicity. however, laboratory and pulmonary monitoring rates have been found to be substantially lower than recommended in guidelines, including those of the north american society of pacing and electrophysiology (naspe, 2007). | 2011 | 21870892 |
| nanoliter droplet array for microrna detection based on enzymatic stem-loop probes ligation and sybr green real-time pcr. | in this paper, a nanoliter droplet array based on enzymatic stem-loop probes ligation and sybr green real-time pcr for quantification of microrna was developed. by employing t4 rna ligase 2 instead of t4 dna ligase, we designed simplified stem-loop probes to perform microrna-templated dna ligation and reduced the non-specific ligation of t4 dna ligase. sybr green i dye was employed instead of taqman probes in present miniaturized real-time pcr systems. specifically, we optimized the dosage of sy ... | 2011 | 21872015 |
| Thrombin generation in severe sepsis. | INTRODUCTION: Hemostasis and inflammation are two tightly interrelated systems in the host's response to infection. Thrombin generation in sepsis plays a crucial role in enhancing and modulation of inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate the course of thrombin generation in patients with severe sepsis, and its correlation with outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thrombin generation was measured in platelet-poor plasma from 32 healthy controls and 75 patients with severe sepsis using the ... | 2011 | 21872299 |
| Structure-function analysis of HsiF, a gp25-like component of the type VI secretion system, in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. | Bacterial pathogens use a range of protein secretion systems to colonize their host. One recent addition to this arsenal is the type VI secretion system (T6SS), which is found in many Gram-negative bacteria. The T6SS involves 12-15 components, including a ClpV-like AAA(+) ATPase. Moreover, the VgrG and Hcp components have been proposed to form a puncturing device, based on structural similarity to the tail spike components gp5/gp27 and the tail tube component gp19 of the T4 bacteriophage, respec ... | 2011 | 21873404 |
| utilisation of iodine from different sources by sows and their progeny. | the aim of the study was to compare iodine utilization from different sources by sows and their progeny and the levels of t3 and t4 in their serum. | 2011 | 21876486 |
| Risk for progression to overt hypothyroidism in an elderly Japanese population with subclinical hypothyroidism. | Few population-based studies report the changes with time in thyroid function tests in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. We compared the risk for developing overt hypothyroidism in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and euthyroid controls from the same population of elderly Japanese. We also sought associations of selected parameters with the development of overt hypothyroidism in the subclinical hypothyroid and euthyroid groups. | 2011 | 21877935 |
| a randomized trial comparing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil versus preoperative chemotherapy for localized advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus (jcog9907). | background: patients with esophageal carcinoma receiving postoperative chemotherapy showed superior disease-free survival than those receiving surgery alone in a japan clinical oncology group trial (jcog9204). the purpose of this study was to evaluate optimal perioperative timing-that is, before or after surgery-for providing chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. methods: eligible patients with clinical stage ii or iii, excluding t4, squamous cell car ... | 2011 | 21879261 |
| Prevalence of acanthamoeba from tap water in rio grande do Sul, Brazil. | A total of 136 samples of tap water were collected from state and municipal schools between March and November 2009. The samples were filtered through cellulose nitrate membranes that were seeded at non-nutrient agar 1.5% containing an overlayer of Escherichia coli suspension. Thirty-one (22.79%) tap water samples investigated were found positive for free-living amoebae (FLA). From these, 13 presented as FLA that seems to belong to the genus Acanthamoeba. All samples of FLA were cloned and ident ... | 2011 | 21882008 |
| Swallowing function after transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) ± adjuvant therapy for advanced-stage oropharyngeal cancer. | To perform a longitudinal description of swallowing function following transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) ± adjuvant therapy for advanced-stage oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) and identify prognostic factors associated with swallowing performance. | 2011 | 21882203 |
| Are thyroid hormone concentrations at birth associated with subsequent autism diagnosis? | Thyroid hormones substantially influence central nervous system development during gestation. We hypothesized that perturbations of early thyroid profiles may contribute to the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Thyroid pathways could provide a mechanism by which environmental factors that affect the thyroid system may impact autism occurrence or phenotypic expression. We investigated whether thyroxine (T4) levels at birth are associated with subsequent ASD, using two existing Calif ... | 2011 | 21882364 |
| [Effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy of locally advanced rectal cancer in conjunction with local hyperthermia and metronidazole]. | Our study included 36 patients with hard fixed rectal tumors (T3, T4) who had received combined treatment at the Center's Clinics. On irrigoscopic evidence, lesions were more than 10 cm long. Radiotherapy was conducted thrice a week, STD of 4 Gy--TTD of 40 Gy; capecitabine, per os, 650 mg/m2 twice a day, days 1-22; oxaliplatin, 50 mg/m2, intravenously, days 3, 10 and 17; metronidazole in polymer composition, intrarectally, 10 mg/m2, twice, days 12 and 17 of radiotherapy; local hyperthermia (the ... | 2011 | 21882611 |
| Alleviation of adverse effects of drought stress on growth and some potential physiological attributes in maize (Zea mays L.) by seed electromagnetic treatment. | Effects of varying preseed magnetic treatments on growth, chlorophyll pigments, photosynthesis, water relation attributes, fluorescence and levels of osmoprotectants in maize plants were tested under normal and drought stress conditions. Seeds of two maize cultivars were treated with different (T0 [0 mT], T1 [100 mT for 5 min], T2 [100 mT for 10 min], T3 [150 mT for 5 min] and T4 [150 mT for 10 min]) electromagnetic treatments. Drought stress considerably suppressed growth, chlorophyll a and b p ... | 2011 | 21883242 |
| labelled antibody-based one-step time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for measurement of free thyroxine in serum. | valid assays measuring free thyroxine (ft4) must perform without bias despite large variations in the concentrations and affinities of serum thyroxine-binding proteins in the population. we developed a new, rapid one-step labelled-antibody time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (trfia) for ft4. | 2011 | 21885471 |
| The accuracy of clinical kyphosis examination for detection of thoracic vertebral fractures: comparison of direct and indirect kyphosis measures. | To compare the accuracies of two simple physical examination maneuvers for detecting the presence of thoracic vertebral fractures (VF) diagnosed by radiography: direct measurement of kyphosis angle (KA, in degrees) and indirect measurement using wall-occiput distance (WOD, in cm). | 2011 | 21885900 |
| mathematical evaluation of the amino acid and polyphenol content and antioxidant activities of fruits from different apricot cultivars. | functional foods are of interest because of their significant effects on human health, which can be connected with the presence of some biologically important compounds. in this study, we carried out complex analysis of 239 apricot cultivars (prunus armeniaca l.) cultivated in lednice (climatic area t4), south moravia, czech republic. almost all previously published studies have focused only on analysis of certain parameters. however, we focused on detection both primary and secondary metabolite ... | 2011 | 21886093 |
| using an advanced radiation therapy technique for t4 squamous cell carcinoma of the face. | patients with locally advanced skin cancer often present an uncommon and unique treatment challenge. surgical resection and reconstruction with an acceptable cosmetic outcome is difficult for larger lesions with deep infiltration into subcutaneous tissues. radiation therapy has been shown to be an effective treatment modality for advanced non-melanoma skin cancers, with cure rates ranging 50-100%. in this case report, we discuss the efficacy and outcome of treatment using an advanced radiation t ... | 2010 | 21886750 |
| Phenothiourea sensitizes zebrafish cranial neural crest and extraocular muscle development to changes in retinoic acid and IGF signaling. | 1-Phenyl 2-thiourea (PTU) is a tyrosinase inhibitor commonly used to block pigmentation and aid visualization of zebrafish development. At the standard concentration of 0.003% (200 µM), PTU inhibits melanogenesis and reportedly has minimal other effects on zebrafish embryogenesis. We found that 0.003% PTU altered retinoic acid and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) regulation of neural crest and mesodermal components of craniofacial development. Reduction of retinoic acid synthesis by the pan-alde ... | 2011 | 21886774 |