Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| differential immune responses to acute lower respiratory illness in early life and subsequent development of persistent wheezing and asthma. | recent epidemiologic evidence suggests that 2 wheezing syndromes coexist in early life: transient wheezing, limited to early childhood, and persistent wheezing, which starts in early childhood and persists beyond that age. | 1998 | 9847431 |
| etiology of childhood pneumonia: serologic results of a prospective, population-based study. | to investigate the etiology of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia, we conducted a prospective, population-based study covering the total population <15 years of age (n = 8851) in 4 municipalities in eastern finland. | 1998 | 9849979 |
| epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infection requiring hospitalization in east denmark. | prophylaxis against infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) with high titered rsv immunoglobulin or humanized antibody may soon be available in europe. | 1998 | 9849981 |
| a bovine respiratory syncytial virus strain with mutations in subgroup-specific antigenic domains of the g protein induces partial heterologous protection in cattle. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) strains are tentatively divided in subgroups a, ab and b, based on antigenic differences of the g protein. a dutch brsv strain (waiboerhoeve: wbh), could not be assigned to one of the subgroups, because the strain did not react with any monoclonal antibody against the g protein. we describe here that the wbh strain has accumulated critical mutations in subgroup-specific domains of the g protein gene, which also occur but then independently in g protein g ... | 1998 | 9850996 |
| rapid identification of nine microorganisms causing acute respiratory tract infections by single-tube multiplex reverse transcription-pcr: feasibility study. | acute respiratory tract infections (aris) are leading causes of morbidity and, in developing countries, mortality in children. a multiplex reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) assay was developed to allow in one test the detection of nine different microorganisms (enterovirus, influenza a and b viruses, respiratory syncytial virus [rsv], parainfluenzaviruses type 1 and type 3, adenovirus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and chlamydia pneumoniae) that do not usually colonize the respiratory tracts of humans ... | 1999 | 9854054 |
| isolation of a cytopathogenic virus from a case of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) and its characterization as parainfluenza virus type 2. | from a lung of a fetus of a breeding sow showing prrs-like symptoms a viral agent could be isolated. it was characterized as an enveloped, hemagglutinating rna virus. ultrastructural examination of purified virus revealed paramyxovirus-like pleomorphic virions of approx. 200 nm in diameter. the helical nucleocapsids were about 18 nm in diameter. the virus was found to be antigenically related to simian virus 5 (sv5) a prototype strain of parainfluenza virus type 2, but not to bovine respiratory ... | 1998 | 9856104 |
| influence of maternal antibodies on vaccine responses: inhibition of antibody but not t cell responses allows successful early prime-boost strategies in mice. | the transfer of maternal antibodies to the offspring and their inhibitory effects on active infant immunization is an important factor hampering the use of certain vaccines, such as measles or respiratory syncytial virus vaccine, in early infancy. the resulting delay in protection by conventional or novel vaccines may have significant public health consequences. to define immunization approaches which may circumvent this phenomenon, experiments were set up to further elucidate its immunological ... | 1998 | 9862350 |
| [effects of selenium supplement on acute lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus]. | an intervention study was conducted in 75 young children under one year hospitalized with pneumonia or bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) to evaluate therapeutic effectiveness of selenium (se) supplement on acute respiratory lower tract infection caused by rsv with randomly controlled and double-masked method. trial subjects were divided into two groups, one with 37 children in routine treatment and the other with 38 children in routine treatment plus se supplement. the co ... | 1997 | 9863072 |
| fimbria-mediated enhanced attachment of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae to respiratory syncytial virus-infected respiratory epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is known to predispose children to otitis media and sinusitis due to bacteria such as nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi). in this study, we investigated the role of nthi surface outer membrane protein p5-homologous fimbriae (p5-fimbriae) in attachment to rsv-exposed a549 epithelial cells. analysis by fluorescence flow cytometry showed that a live p5-fimbriated nthi strain (nthif+) attached to a higher proportion of rsv-exposed a549 cells than to ... | 1999 | 9864214 |
| etiology of respiratory tract infection in adults in a general practice setting. | a prospective study was conducted over a 3-month winter period in three general practice clinics in an urban population in southern israel to identify the etiological agents of respiratory tract infections (rti) in adults. rti was defined as an acute febrile illness with cough, coryza, sore throat or hoarseness. serum samples were taken from all patients in both the acute and convalescent phases of their illness. tests were conducted for detection of 17 microorganisms known to cause rti, includi ... | 1998 | 9865980 |
| respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin and conflict of interest. | 1998 | 9867534 | |
| update: respiratory syncytial virus activity--united states, 1997-98 season. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the single most important cause of serious lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children worldwide. in temperate climates, infections primarily occur during yearly outbreaks that usually peak during the winter months. rsv activity in the united states is monitored by the national respiratory and enteric virus surveillance system (nrevss), a voluntary, laboratory-based system. this report summarizes trends for rsv reported to nrevss from july 1 ... | 1998 | 9869076 |
| [severity of respiratory syncytial virus infection influenced by clinical risk factors and subtype a and b in hospitalized children]. | since it is possible to identify the subgroups of rsv, a-subtype and b-subtype, there are findings indicating that the subtype may influence severity of rsv infection. our study was designed to assess the hypothesis that a-subtype infections were more severe than b-subtype infections among hospitalized children. | 1998 | 9871899 |
| permissiveness of guinea pig alveolar macrophage subpopulations to acute respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro. | alveolar macrophages (ams) are targets for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in vivo and in vitro. however, only a minority of ams are permissive to acute rsv infection in vitro, and it is unknown whether this permissiveness may be related to the degree of cellular maturation that is achieved in vivo. | 1998 | 9872206 |
| detection of bordetella pertussis and respiratory synctial virus in air samples from hospital rooms. | to evaluate the distribution of bordetella pertussis and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in the hospital setting. | 1998 | 9872529 |
| role of cellular actin in the gene expression and morphogenesis of human respiratory syncytial virus. | cytoskeletal protein actin and nonactin cellular proteins were essential for human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) gene expression. in vitro, specific antibodies against actin inhibited rsv transcription, whereas antibodies against other cytoskeletal proteins had little or no effect. affinity purified cellular actin or bacterially expressed recombinant actin activated rsv transcription. however, optimal transcription required additional cellular protein(s) that appeared to function as accessor ... | 1998 | 9875324 |
| approaches to antiviral chemotherapy for acute respiratory infections. | the causative agents of acute respiratory infections (ari) in infants and children are mostly thought to be viruses. some ari in adult patients may be caused by bacteria but most often the causes are virus infections. when ari affect immunocompromised patients or the elderly the mortality rates are significantly higher than in immunocompetent individuals. many types of viruses cause ari. among them, influenza viruses a and b and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are thought to be the most import ... | 1998 | 9875381 |
| broad-spectrum antiviral activity and mechanism of antiviral action of the fluoroquinolone derivative k-12. | the fluoroquinolone derivatives have been shown to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) replication at the transcriptional level. we confirmed the anti-hiv activity of the most potent congener, 8-difluoromethoxy-1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-7-[4-(2- methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acid (k-12), in both acutely and chronically infected cells. k-12 was active against different strains of hiv-1 (including azt- and ritonavir-resistant hiv-1 strains), hiv-2 and simian immu ... | 1998 | 9875393 |
| inhibitory effects of podophyllotoxin derivatives on herpes simplex virus replication. | podophyllotoxin and its derivatives were examined for inhibitory effects on the replication of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2), including acyclovir-resistant virus and clinical isolates. deoxypodophyllotoxin (rd4-6266) proved to be a highly potent and selective inhibitor of all hsv strains in mrc-5 cells. ec50 values of rd4-6283 (in which the methylenedioxy ring a is modified) for hsv-1 and -2 were inferior to those of deoxypodophyllotoxin. however, podorhizol (rd4-6277) and ... | 1998 | 9875405 |
| severity of respiratory syncytial virus disease related to type and genotype of virus and to cytokine values in nasopharyngeal secretions. | investigations concerning the severity of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease as related to (1) rsv type and genotype determined respectively by pcr and restriction enzyme analysis and (2) interleukin 6 (il-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) values in samples of nasopharyngeal secretion (nps) have not been previously reported. | 1998 | 9877358 |
| monoclonal antibody-resistant mutants selected with a respiratory syncytial virus-neutralizing human antibody fab fragment (fab 19) define a unique epitope on the fusion (f) glycoprotein. | a recombinant human antibody fragment, designated rsv fab 19, efficiently neutralizes respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). here we report the results of our sequence analysis of antibody escape mutants that identified f glycoprotein amino acids critical for binding of human or murine rsv f-neutralizing antibodies. | 1998 | 9878616 |
| an epidemiological study of postviral olfactory disorder. | postviral olfactory disorder develops after infection with the common cold, and is a relatively severe and prolonged disorder without rhino-sinusitis. this epidemiological study aimed to characterize its clinical pathology and determine the causative virus. postviral olfactory disorder occurs most commonly in middle-aged women and is most prevalent in spring and summer. a comparison of the monthly frequency of the disorder with the incidence of isolation of various viruses suggest that the influ ... | 1998 | 9879419 |
| genetic and antigenic analysis of the g attachment protein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus strains. | antigenic and genetic studies of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) were made on isolates obtained from three continents over 27 years. antigenic variation between eight isolates was initially determined using protein g-specific monoclonal antibodies. four distinct reaction patterns were observed, two of which corresponded to the previously established subgroups a and ab. a third pattern was produced by five scandinavian strains and a fourth was observed from a single dutch isolate. the g ... | 1998 | 9880007 |
| addition of a missense mutation present in the l gene of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) cpts530/1030 to rsv vaccine candidate cpts248/404 increases its attenuation and temperature sensitivity. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) cpts530/1030 is an attenuated, temperature-sensitive subgroup a vaccine candidate derived previously from cold-passaged rsv (cprsv) by two sequential rounds of chemical mutagenesis and biological selection. here, cpts530/1030 was shown to be highly attenuated in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of seronegative chimpanzees. however, evaluation in seropositive children showed that it retains sufficient replicative capacity and virulence to preclude its direc ... | 1999 | 9882287 |
| dexamethasone regulation of lung epithelial cell and fibroblast interleukin-11 production. | studies were undertaken to define the effects of corticosteroids on stromal cell interleukin (il)-11 production. unstimulated a549 epithelial-like cells produced modest amounts of il-11, and transforming growth factor (tgf)-beta1 was a potent, dose-dependent stimulator of a549 cell il-11 elaboration. dexamethasone inhibited the levels of basal and tgf-beta1-stimulated il-11 elaboration in a dose-dependent fashion. in the setting of tgf-beta1 stimulation, dexamethasone caused a >90% decrease in i ... | 1999 | 9887070 |
| severe viral respiratory infections in infants with cystic fibrosis. | limited data in children with cystic fibrosis (cf) suggest that respiratory viral infections during infancy result in substantial morbidity. eighty of 101 (79%) infants with cf diagnosed by neonatal screening during 1991-1996 were recruited into a prospective, multiple-birth cohort study. we aimed to perform an initial, then annual bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) for bacterial and viral culture, cytology, il-8, and elastolytic activity over the following 2 years. when possible, bal was also perform ... | 1998 | 9888211 |
| usefulness of bronchoalveolar lavage for diagnosis of acute and persistent respiratory syncytial virus lung infections in guinea pigs. | to investigate whether bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid specimens can be used to diagnose acute and persistent respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lung infections in guinea pigs, we tested bal fluid and lung tissue specimens for evidence of viral infection, and compared bal cytology between infected and uninfected animals. rsv-inoculated guinea pigs were studied during acute bronchiolitis (days 3 and 7 postinoculation), convalescence (day 14 postinoculation), and persistent infection (days 28 an ... | 1998 | 9888214 |
| contribution of advances in immunology to vaccine development. | during the last 10 years, investigation of the bovine immune system has generated knowledge and reagents that can now be applied to study the mechanisms of immunity to disease and the identity of antigens recognized by protective immune responses. such studies can indicate which antigens are likely to be effective in subunit vaccines and also highlight the type of antigen delivery system that will be required for a vaccine to induce a protective immune response. in the case of bovine rsv, studie ... | 1999 | 9890017 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection prolongs methacholine-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. | severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced disease is associated with childhood asthma and atopy. we combined models of allergen sensitization and rsv infection to begin exploring the immunologic interactions between allergic and virus-induced airway inflammation and its impact on airway hypersensitivity. airway resistance was measured after methacholine challenge in tracheally intubated mice by whole body plethysmography. lung inflammation was assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and ... | 1999 | 9892406 |
| autocrine regulation of interleukin-8 by interleukin-1alpha in respiratory syncytial virus-infected pulmonary epithelial cells in vitro. | respiratory epithelial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) produce interleukin-8 (il-8); however, the mechanisms of rsv-induced regulation of il-8 are poorly understood. in the present study, the regulation of il-8 by rsv was evaluated using pulmonary type ii-like epithelials (a549). live purified rsv (prsv) induced a significant increase in il-8 after 8 hr of exposure, while conditioned supernatants from prsv-infected a549 cells (crsv) induced il-8 production in fresh a549 cul ... | 1998 | 9893037 |
| host responses to respiratory virus infection and immunization. | 1999 | 9893361 | |
| [current status of acute respiratory infections in children under five years of age in nairobi, kenya]. | two hundreds and twenty-six children under five years of age with pneumonia were recruited from an urban poor area in nairobi, kenya, and examined for pathogens for 1 year from february 1997. one hundred and twenty-eight of the 226 patients were pathogen-positive cases. the patients under 1-year-old were 61.8% of the pathogen-positive cases. a total 192 organisms were isolated from 128 pathogen-positive patients. streptococcus pneumoniae had the highest prevalence rate of 31.3%, followed by resp ... | 1998 | 9916415 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: respiratory syncytial virus activity--united states, 1997-98 season. | 1999 | 9917105 | |
| synergistic effects of bovine respiratory syncytial virus and non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus infection on selected bovine alveolar macrophage functions. | the effect of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (ncpbvdv) infection on selected bovine alveolar macrophage (am) functions was investigated. alveolar macrophages were harvested from 2- to 6-month-old calves seronegative for brsv and bvdv and inoculated with approximately 1 median cell culture infective dose of virus per am. control, brsv infected, ncpbvdv-infected and brsv-ncpbvdv coinfected am cultures were evaluated for fc receptor expressi ... | 1999 | 9918333 |
| prevalence of various respiratory viruses in the middle ear during acute otitis media. | vaccines against respiratory viruses may be able to reduce the frequency of acute otitis media. although the role of respiratory viruses in the pathogenesis of acute otitis media is well established, the relative importance of various viruses is unknown. | 1999 | 9920949 |
| respiratory viruses in acute otitis media. | 1999 | 9920959 | |
| palivizumab (synagis) for prevention of rsv infection. | 1999 | 9924488 | |
| respiratory viruses in children attending a major referral centre in saudi arabia. | viral respiratory infections are common causes of illness in infants and children. examination of clinical specimens submitted for diagnosis during a 3-year period (august 1993-july 1996) at king faisal specialist hospital and research center (kfsh & rc) in riyadh revealed a wide spectrum of diseases associated with the isolation of five respiratory viruses. severity of disease ranged from mild upper respiratory illness to threatening lower respiratory illnesses including bronchiolitis and pneum ... | 1998 | 9924568 |
| sensitivity comparison for detection of respiratory bovine coronaviruses in nasal samples from feedlot cattle by elisa and isolation with the g clone of hrt-18 cells. | a monoclonal antibody-based capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to detect respiratory bovine coronavirus (rbcv) antigens in nasal swabs collected from cattle showing signs of respiratory tract disease following shipping. these samples had been previously tested for rbcv by inoculation of g clone cultures of human rectal tumor cells (hrt-18g) and for bovine herpes virus 1, parainfluenza virus 3, bovine adenovirus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and bovine viral di ... | 1999 | 9925206 |
| comments on palivizumab (synagis) | 1999 | 9925848 | |
| new vaccines. | 1999 | 9926728 | |
| inactivation of respiratory syncytial virus by generic hand dishwashing detergents and antibacterial hand soaps. | in an in-vitro test, generic liquid hand dishwashing detergents were as much as 100-fold more effective than proprietary antibacterial soaps in inactivating respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the use of such detergents for hand washing during annual rsv epidemics, or the incorporation of their antiviral components into antibacterial soaps might be considered to limit nosocomial spread. | 1999 | 9927268 |
| recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) glycoproteins: rsv fusion protein can mediate infection and cell fusion. | the genes encoding the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) attachment (g) and fusion (f) envelope glycoproteins were expressed separately as additional genes in recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses (vsv). cells infected with the vsv-rsv f recombinant formed large syncytia illustrating the fusion activity of f in absence of other rsv proteins. both f and g glycoproteins were expressed at the cell surface and incorporated into virions. incorporation of these proteins did not require cytoplasmic ... | 1999 | 9927576 |
| evolutionary pattern of the g glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial viruses from antigenic group b: the use of alternative termination codons and lineage diversification. | partial sequences of the g protein gene of 33 isolates from antigenic group b of human respiratory syncytial virus were determined. phylogenetic analysis indicated that the evolutionary pattern of group b viruses is similar to that previously described for isolates of antigenic group a, including worldwide distribution of related viruses and co-circulation of viruses from different lineages during the same epidemic. dominance of ag+ga over uc+cu transitions was observed when g sequences of group ... | 1999 | 9934694 |
| [prevention and therapy of bronchiolitis: current status]. | 1998 | 9949584 | |
| use of permissive hypercapnia in the ventilation of infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | we wished to retrospectively evaluate the effects of permissive hypercapnia (phy) on barotrauma, mortality and length of stay when applied to ventilated infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. nineteen control infants with rsv induced respiratory failure were treated with conventional ventilation (april 1991-january 1994), after which time phy was adopted as unit policy. a further 28 infants were then treated with phy (january 1994 april 1996). demographic and physiological ... | 1999 | 9950307 |
| giant cell arteritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, and viral hypotheses: a multicenter, prospective case-control study. groupe de recherche sur l'artérite à cellules géantes. | although suspected, a viral etiology has never been proven in giant cell arteritis (gca). we tested for viruses known to induce multinucleated giant cells in human pathology, which include the parainfluenza viruses (hpiv), respiratory syncytial virus, measles virus, herpesviruses type 1 and 2, and the epstein-barr virus. | 1999 | 9972970 |
| immunological properties of plaque purified strains of live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) for human vaccine. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe lower respiratory tract disease in infants, young children, and the elderly. efforts to develop satisfactory live or inactivated vaccines have not yet been proven successful. our research focuses on the development of four purified live attenuated rsv sub-type a human vaccine clones. temperature sensitive (ts) and attenuated purified clones of either cold-adapted (ca) rsv or high-passage (hp) rsv were administered intra-nasally (i.n.) to balb/c mic ... | 1999 | 9987152 |
| anaphylactic sensitization to aeroantigen during respiratory virus infection. | virus infections frequently exacerbate asthma, and in some cases may even precipitate its onset. although this association is well known, experimental investigation has been hampered by the lack of adequate models. | 1998 | 10024221 |
| questions about palivizumab (synagis) | 1999 | 10026068 | |
| questions about palivizumab (synagis) | 1999 | 10026069 | |
| a review of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants and children. | by the age of 2, nearly every child becomes infected with the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections (rtis) in infants and children. yearly epidemics occur from october to may. most infections are mild, producing nothing more than a cold, and can be managed at home. some cases, however, are more severe, leading to bronchiolitis, pneumonitis, pneumonia, and even death. | 1998 | 10030209 |
| elevated cytokine concentrations in the nasopharyngeal and tracheal secretions of children with respiratory syncytial virus disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants. the role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of rsv disease is not well-understood. the present study was designed (1) to determine whether rantes (regulated on activation, normal t cell expressed and presumably secreted), macrophage-inflammatory protein-1-alpha (mip-1-alpha), interleukin (il)-6, il-8 and il-10 can be detected in respiratory secretions of children with rsv infectio ... | 1999 | 10048682 |
| recovery of respiratory syncytial virus from stethoscopes by conventional viral culture and polymerase chain reaction. | 1999 | 10048692 | |
| viral lower respiratory tract infections in children in istanbul, turkey. | 1999 | 10048697 | |
| effects of viral lower respiratory tract infection on lung function in infants with cystic fibrosis. | to determine the effect of respiratory viral infections on pulmonary function in infants with cystic fibrosis (cf) after the respiratory virus season (october through march). | 1999 | 10049966 |
| effect of inhaled nitric oxide on respiratory mechanics in ventilated infants with rsv bronchiolitis. | to evaluate the bronchodilator effect of inhaled nitric oxide (no) in infants with respiratory failure caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis and to compare the effect with the one obtained by salbutamol. | 1999 | 10051083 |
| rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in wheezing children requiring emergency care. ige and eosinophil analyses. | this cross-sectional emergency department study of 70 wheezing children and 59 control subjects (2 mo to 16 yr of age) examined the prevalence of respiratory viruses and their relationship to age, atopic status, and eosinophil markers. nasal washes were cultured for respiratory viruses, assayed for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigen, and tested for coronavirus and rhinovirus rna using reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr). also evaluated were eosinophil numbers and eosinophil cationic protei ... | 1999 | 10051251 |
| interferon gamma expressed by a recombinant respiratory syncytial virus attenuates virus replication in mice without compromising immunogenicity. | interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) has pleiotropic biological effects, including intrinsic antiviral activity as well as stimulation and regulation of immune responses. an infectious recombinant human respiratory syncytial virus (rrsv/mifn-gamma) was constructed that encodes murine (m) ifn-gamma as a separate gene inserted into the g-f intergenic region. cultured cells infected with rrsv/mifn-gamma secreted 22 microg mifn-gamma per 10(6) cells. the replication of rrsv/mifn-gamma, but not that of a con ... | 1999 | 10051648 |
| maternal immunization. | maternal immunization can enhance passive immunity of infants to pathogens that cause life-threatening illnesses. in most instances, immunization during pregnancy will provide important protection for the woman as well as for her offspring. the tetanus toxoid and influenza vaccines are examples of vaccines that provide a double benefit. other vaccines under evaluation include those for respiratory syncytial virus, pneumococci, group b streptococci, and haemophilus influenzae type b. although mos ... | 1999 | 10064230 |
| [hypoplastic left-heart syndrome. initial intensive care experiences with the norwood operation in vienna]. | palliative surgery of the hypoplastic left heart syndrome (hlhs), whereby both pulmonary and systemic circulation are restored, was first described by norwood in 1983. careful ventilatory and pharmacologic modulation of the ratio of pulmonary to systemic vascular resistance are a crucial part of pre-, peri- and postoperative management. we report our experience in 3 of 7 newborns with hlhs who underwent the norwood operation. hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were evaluated retrospectively ... | 1999 | 10067267 |
| the effect of formalin-inactivated vaccine on respiratory disease associated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in calves. | the effect of vaccination with a formalin-inactivated, alum-precipitated (fi), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) vaccine on brsv induced respiratory disease in calves was investigated. six month old brsv-naive calves were vaccinated with either a fi, a modified live virus (mlv), or virus antigen negative control vaccine (n = 4 per group). one month after the second vaccination, the calves were aerosol challenged with lung wash from a newborn calf infected with a field isolate of brsv. mo ... | 1999 | 10067686 |
| complete protection of mice from respiratory syncytial virus infection following mucosal delivery of synthetic peptide vaccines. | we have previously shown that intraperitoneal immunization of balb/c mice with the 14 amino-acid long synthetic peptides g/174-187 and bg/174-187, representing the region 174-187 of the g-glycoprotein from human (h) and bovine (b) respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), respectively, completely protects animals from infection with the corresponding virus. a current goal in vaccine development being the delivery of noninvasive protective antigens via mucosal surfaces, we have evaluated the immunogenic ... | 1999 | 10067688 |
| two neutralizing human anti-rsv antibodies: cloning, expression, and characterization. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a major problem in the newborn and aging populations. fully human monoclonal antibodies with the ability to neutralize rsv could have a major impact on the immunotherapy of the disease. the generation of human antibodies has been difficult because there exists no general way to activate b cells against an antigen of choice in vitro. | 1999 | 10072446 |
| il-5 and eosinophils are essential for the development of airway hyperresponsiveness following acute respiratory syncytial virus infection. | viral respiratory infections can cause bronchial hyperresponsiveness and exacerbate asthma. in mice, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, which induces an immune response dominated by ifn-gamma, results in airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) and eosinophil influx into the airways, both of which are prevented by pretreatment with anti-il-5 ab. to delineate the role of il-5, il-4, and ifn-gamma in the development of rsv-induced ahr and lung eosinophilia, we tested the ability of mice deficien ... | 1999 | 10072551 |
| the serum albumin-binding region of streptococcal protein g (bb) potentiates the immunogenicity of the g130-230 rsv-a protein. | bbg2na is a protein comprising residues 130-230 of the respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a (rsv-a) g protein (g2na) fused to the albumin-binding domain of streptococcal g protein (bb). bbg2na was cloned, expressed in escherichia coli and renaturated. in rodent models, this subunit rsv vaccine adjuvanted in alhydrogel induced specific antibodies and conferred protection to rsv infection. comparison of the antibody production in a balb/c mouse model revealed that bbg2na induced a stronger and e ... | 1999 | 10073717 |
| human antibody responses to mature and immature forms of viral envelope in respiratory syncytial virus infection: significance for subunit vaccines. | a number of antibodies generated during human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection have been cloned by the phage library approach. antibodies reactive with an immunodominant epitope on the f glycoprotein of this virus have a high affinity for affinity-purified f antigen. these antibodies, however, have a much lower affinity for mature f glycoprotein on the surface of infected cells and are nonneutralizing. in contrast, a potent neutralizing antibody has a high affinity for mature f protei ... | 1999 | 10074145 |
| recombinant respiratory syncytial virus bearing a deletion of either the ns2 or sh gene is attenuated in chimpanzees. | the ns2 and sh genes of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) have been separately deleted from a recombinant wild-type rsv strain, a2 (m. n. teng and p. l. collins, j. virol. 73:466-473, 1998; a. bukreyev et al., j. virol. 71:8973-8982, 1997; and this study). the resulting viruses, designated ra2deltans2 and ra2deltash, were administered to chimpanzees to evaluate their levels of attenuation and immunogenicity. recombinant virus ra2deltans2 replicated to moderate levels in the upper respiratory tra ... | 1999 | 10074199 |
| antiviral activity in argentine medicinal plants. | in an ethnopharmacological screening of selected medicinal plants used in argentina for the treatment of infectious diseases, aqueous extracts of five species were assayed in vitro to detect antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and adenovirus serotype 7 (adv-7). polygonum punctatum, lithraea molleoides, sebastiania brasiliensis and sebastiania klotzschiana but not myrcianthes cisplatensis showed in vitro antiherpetic activity with 50% ... | 1999 | 10075125 |
| respiratory syncytial virus g glycoprotein expressed using the semliki forest virus replicon is biologically active. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g glycoprotein mediates attachment of rsv to cells via an unknown receptor. to study g glycoprotein function we have cloned two variants of the rsv g gene into a semliki forest virus (sfv) expression vector, a full length (rg) and soluble (srg) g glycoprotein variant. by immunofluorescence microscopy, rg was found to be predominantly membrane associated, while srg was mostly cytoplasmic. the rg (80-85 kda) and srg (75-80 kda) constructs produced heavily glyc ... | 1999 | 10076512 |
| infection with respiratory syncytial virus enhances expression of native receptors for non-pilate neisseria meningitidis on hep-2 cells. | respiratory virus infections have been suggested to be predisposing factors for meningococcal disease. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) affects young children in the age range at greatest risk of disease caused by neisseria meningitidis. it has been previously shown that glycoprotein g expressed on the surface of rsv-infected hep-2 cells (a human epithelial cell line) contributed to higher levels of binding of meningococci compared with uninfected cells. the aim of the present study was to exam ... | 1999 | 10076908 |
| stimulus-specific regulation of chemokine expression involves differential activation of the redox-responsive transcription factors ap-1 and nf-kappab. | the promoters of the il-8, mcp-1, and rantes genes contain binding sites for the redox-responsive transcription factors ap-1 and nf-kappab, which have been shown to be important for their expression. in this overview, we present evidence from our laboratories that the stimulus-specific regulation of these chemokines by the reactive oxidant h2o2, the proinflammatory cytokine tnf-alpha, and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is mediated in a cell type-specific manner involving different patterns of ... | 1999 | 10080530 |
| advances in antiviral therapy. | multiple agents for the treatment and prevention of viral illnesses have been developed during the past few years. while in many cases this has been in direct response to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 epidemic, a number of new antiviral agents are relevant to the practice of general pediatrics. this article reviews recent advances in the therapy of some common and a few unusual viral illnesses of children. the indication and efficacy of the newly developed agents valacyclovir, famciclo ... | 1999 | 10084079 |
| nebulization of drugs in a nasal cpap system. | aerosolized drugs have been used in infants for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (beta-agonists, steroids and surfactant) and bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus (epinephrine and ribavirin). controlled clinical trials have, however, produced conflicting results, probably due in part to problems with the transportation of the aerosol from the nebulizer to the bronchioli. we have modified a nasal continuous positive airway pressure (cpap) s ... | 1999 | 10090555 |
| rsv-associated hospitalizations in alaska native infants. | retrospective reviews for 1986-1992 suggested that alaska native children experience high rates of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated hospitalization; however, the epidemiology of rsv infections has been poorly characterized. | 1998 | 10093285 |
| immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab, a humanized respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody, for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in high risk infants: a consensus opinion. | 1999 | 10093942 | |
| an infection out of season: respiratory syncytial virus. | 1998 | 10095672 | |
| molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in the gambia. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the gambia occurs seasonally in association with the rainy season. this study examined the genetic variability of rsv isolates from four consecutive epidemics from 1993-6. each epidemic was made up of a number of variants which were replaced in subsequent epidemics. analysis of attachment (g) protein gene sequences showed that isolates were closely related to those observed in the rest of the world. however, many isolates from 1993 and 1994 were unl ... | 1999 | 10098799 |
| the effects of bovine respiratory syncytial on normal ovine lymphocyte responses to mitogens or antigens in vitro. | in the present study peripheral blod mononuclear cells (mnc) obtained from normal uninfected lambs were used to study the possible effects of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) on lymphocyte responses to the mitogens, phytohaemagglutinin (pha), concanavalin a (con a) and pokeweed mitogen (pwm) in vitro. live brsv had a depressive effect on the proliferative responses of normal mnc to pha, con a and pwm. inactivated brsv and a commercial preparation of prostaglandin e2 were also found to d ... | 1999 | 10099024 |
| efficacy of rd3-0028 aerosol treatment against respiratory syncytial virus infection in immunosuppressed mice. | rd3-0028, a benzodithiin compound, has antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in cell culture. we used a mouse model of rsv infection to determine the in vivo effect of rd3-0028. cyclophosphamide (cyp)-treated, immunosuppressed mice were inoculated intranasally. the lungs of the mice were removed on day 4. the virus titers of the lungs of rd3-0028-treated mice were compared to the virus titers of the lungs of virus-inoculated, untreated control mice. in an effort to increas ... | 1999 | 10103176 |
| what every laboratorian should know about rsv (respiratory syncytial virus). | 1991 | 10108905 | |
| guideline for prevention of nosocomial pneumonia. centers for disease control and prevention. | pneumonia is the second most common nosocomial infection in the united states and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. most patients with nosocomial pneumonia are those with extremes of age, severe underlying disease, immunosuppression, depressed sensorium, and cardiopulmonary disease, and those who have had thoracoabdominal surgery. although patients with mechanically assisted ventilation do not comprise a major proportion of patients with nosocomial pneumonia, they have the ... | 1994 | 10146141 |
| use of an in-house-built ribavirin aerosol evacuation system to control incidental employee exposure to ribavirin aerosol. | ongoing controversy regarding the hazards of exposure of healthcare workers to ribavirin aerosol led to the design and evaluation of a ribavirin aerosol evacuation system that scavenges the excess ribavirin. an oxyhood was placed within a croupette oxygen and cool mist tent. the tent was placed under negative pressure, using the hospital wall suction. air samples were taken to determine ambient air concentrations and patient exposure concentrations and were compared to airborne ribavirin concent ... | 1996 | 10154627 |
| rational prescribing for acute bronchiolitis. | acute bronchiolitis is the commonest lower respiratory illness of infancy and early childhood, and it is usually associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection. in the majority of infants, the illness is self-limiting and hence management is directed at maintaining fluid intake, minimal handling and close observation. children who develop apnoea, fatigue and/or feeding difficulties as well as progressive respiratory distress require hospital admission. oxygen, intravenous fluids and minim ... | 1995 | 10155605 |
| physical properties of aerosolized immunoglobulin for inhalation therapy. | animal studies suggest that passive immunization by intratracheal application of gammaglobulins may succeed in treating small children and infants with severe lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). since proteins foam easily when stirred up or used with compressed air, the feasibility of nebulization of the immunoglobulin solution (ivig, sandoglobulin) had to be tested. the therapeutic effect of a drug delivered via inhalation is proportional to the mass o ... | 1995 | 10155651 |
| effectiveness of rsv-ivig in premature infants: success in the home. | 1999 | 10189302 | |
| a simple and reproducible method for collecting nasal secretions in frail elderly adults, for measurement of virus-specific iga. | the standard method for collection of respiratory secretions, by use of a nasal wash (nw) to measure virus-specific iga, is problematic in frail elderly adults. therefore, a simplified collection approach using a nasal swab (ns) is described. nw and ns samples were collected from healthy young and frail elderly adults, and iga titers to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion and attachment glycoproteins were determined by enzyme immunoassay. correlation between iga titers in nw and ns was exce ... | 1999 | 10191235 |
| surfactant protein levels in severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of respiratory disease in infancy. surfactant phospholipids have been shown to be reduced in severe rsv infection. reduction in surfactant proteins might also contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. we investigated daily levels of surfactant proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid from 18 ventilated infants with rsv infection (median age 3.1 mo) and in a control group of 16 ventilated surgical patients (median age ... | 1999 | 10194154 |
| severity of illness models for respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalization. | the objective of this investigation was to examine the feasibility of multivariate severity of illness models for pediatric patients hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. from a preexisting retrospective cohort study database, all infants and children 2 yr of age or younger with community-acquired rsv infection admitted to the university of michigan's c. s. mott children's hospital during nine epidemics were examined. the study group consisted of 802 hospitalized patient ... | 1999 | 10194171 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection: immune response, immunopathogenesis, and treatment. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the single most important cause of lower respiratory tract infection during infancy and early childhood. once rsv infection is established, the host immune response includes the production of virus-neutralizing antibodies and t-cell-specific immunity. the humoral immune response normally results in the development of anti-rsv neutralizing-antibody titers, but these are often suboptimal during an infant's initial infection. even when the production of rsv neut ... | 1999 | 10194461 |
| surfactant protein-a enhances respiratory syncytial virus clearance in vivo. | to determine the role of surfactant protein-a(sp-a) in antiviral host defense, mice lacking sp-a (sp-a-/-) were produced by targeted gene inactivation. sp-a-/- and control mice (sp-a+/+) were infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by intratracheal instillation. pulmonary infiltration after infection was more severe in sp-a-/- than in sp-a+/+ mice and was associated with increased rsv plaque-forming units in lung homogenates. pulmonary infiltration with polymorphonuclear leukocytes was g ... | 1999 | 10194474 |
| risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection leading to hospital admission in children in the western region of the gambia. | acute lower respiratory tract infections (alri) are the major cause of mortality and morbidity in young children worldwide. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the most important viral cause of severe alri but only a small proportion of children infected with this virus develop severe disease. to identify possible risk factors for severe rsv infection leading to hospital admission we have carried out a case-control study of gambian children with rsv infection admitted to hospital. | 1999 | 10195682 |
| interferon gamma production during bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infection is diminished in calves vaccinated with formalin-inactivated brsv. | formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (fi-rsv) vaccination has been associated with severe disease in humans. research in mice suggests that fi-rsv may prime for decreased interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) production at subsequent infection. interferon-gamma production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) was measured following challenge of calves vaccinated with fi-brsv to determine whether a similar mechanism is operative in a host naturally susceptible to rsv. eight-week old mal ... | 1999 | 10195762 |
| the two amino acid substitutions in the l protein of cpts530/1009, a live-attenuated respiratory syncytial virus candidate vaccine, are independent temperature-sensitive and attenuation mutations. | cpts530/1009 is a live-attenuated, temperature-sensitive (ts) rsv vaccine candidate that was shown previously to be attenuated for seronegative humans. it was generated by two rounds of chemical mutagenesis: first, a partially attenuated, cold-passaged (cp), non-ts rsv mutant (cprsv) was mutagenized to yield the ts derivative cpts530, and then cpts530 was mutagenized to yield cpts530/1009, which is more ts. previous nucleotide (nt) sequence analysis of cpts530 showed that it has a single nt chan ... | 1999 | 10195777 |
| incomplete regulation of nf-kappab by ikappabalpha during respiratory syncytial virus infection in a549 cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection of airway epithelial cells results in persistent nf-kappab activation and nf-kappab-mediated interleukin-8 production. previous studies in airway epithelial cells demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha)-induced nf-kappab activation is transient due to regulation by ikappabalpha. however, during rsv infection, ikappabalpha has only a partial inhibitory effect on nf-kappab activation. studies presented here demonstrate that neither incr ... | 1999 | 10196356 |
| reducing the rate of nosocomially transmitted respiratory syncytial virus. | a large number (17) of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus cases led to the development of control measures to prevent transmission of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) within the johns hopkins hospital's children's center. | 1999 | 10196485 |
| sequential mri, spect and pet in respiratory syncytial virus encephalitis. | we report on a 3-year-old girl with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) encephalitis manifested by disturbance of consciousness, conjugate eye deviation, anuria, truncal ataxia and intention tremor. t2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (mri) showed hyperintense areas in the cerebellar cortex. no lesion was detected in the cerebral cortex, pons or spinal cord. the hyperintense areas in the cerebellar cortex diminished with recovery from the clinical manifestations and had resolved 2 months after ... | 1999 | 10199908 |
| increased production of ifn-gamma and cysteinyl leukotrienes in virus-induced wheezing. | an imbalance of production of t-helper lymphocyte cytokines, favoring overproduction of il-4, is believed to be important in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. however, less is known about the cytokine response in virus-induced wheezing, which is a major cause of morbidity in asthma. | 1999 | 10200012 |
| isoproterenol continuous inhalation therapy in an infant with severe bronchiolitis lifesaving therapy. | 1999 | 10200144 | |
| cd8 t cells are essential in the development of respiratory syncytial virus-induced lung eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness. | viral respiratory infections can cause bronchial hyperresponsiveness and exacerbate asthma. in mice, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection results in airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) and eosinophil influx into the airways. the immune cell requirements for these responses to rsv infection are not well defined. to delineate the role of cd8 t cells in the development of rsv-induced ahr and lung eosinophilia, we tested the ability of mice depleted of cd8 t cells to develop these symptoms of rs ... | 1999 | 10201948 |